Te Mārama ki te Whakaanodizing Waikawa Whāriki o ngā Kōtaha Konumohe
Ko te tukanga whakakorikori waikawa whanariki he maimoatanga mata taketake o ngā kōtaha konumohe, e whakawhirinakihia whānuitia ana hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura, hei whakanui ake i te pakeke o te mata, me te tuku i te mahi a te konumohe mā te tae, te hiri rānei. Ka whakahaerehia te tukanga mā te tuku i ngā kōtaha konumohe ki roto i te kaukau whakakorikori kei roto ko te waikawa whanariki (H₂SO₄) hei irahiko. Ka whakamahia he pūtake hiko DC o waho, ko te konumohe hei anode me te rauemi pēnei i te mata, te konumohe rānei hei cathode.
Ngā Tauhohenga Hikohiko me te Hanganga Kiriata Waikura
Mā te tukanga whakakōpiko waikawa whanariki ka puta he paparanga waikura konumohe (Al₂O₃) mā te whakakōpiko hikohiko whakahaeretia. I te anode, ka tauhohe te mata konumohe e ai ki te tauhohenga māmā:
2 Al (s) + 3 H₂O (l) → Al₂O₃ (s) + 6 H⁺ (aq) + 6 e⁻
Ka puta he kiriata waikura hanganga-rua. Tuatahi, ka hangaia he paparanga ārai angiangi, kāore e porous, e pā tika ana ki te konganuku konumohe, e whakarato ana i ngā āhuatanga dielectric me te tiaki waikura tuatahi. I te haere tonu o te anodizing, ka puta he paparanga waikura matotoru ake, porous ki waho, e tohuhia ana e te huinga o ngā pūtau hexagonal kua whakarārangihia kia iti rawa te āhua me ngā pore poutū. Ka hangaia ēnei pore nā te memeha haere tonu o te kiriata waikura e te electrolyte waikawa whanariki i te turanga o ia pore, e taurite ana ki te tipu haere tonu o te waikura e akiakihia ana e te whanaketanga o te hāora me te hekenga katote i te atanga konganuku/waikura. He mea nui tēnei āhua paparanga-rua mō te mimiti tae whai hua, te hiri, me te whakapai ake i te roa o ngā kōtaha konumohe anodized.
Te Whakakotahi i te Konumohe - Te Whakaoti Mata Whakarewa
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Te Hiranga o te Matū Kaukau Anodizing me te Whakahaere Kukū
Ko te whai huatanga me te mahi a te tukanga whakakorikori waikawa whanariki mō te konumohe e pā tata ana ki te hanganga matū o te kaukau whakakorikori, inā koa ko te waikawa whanariki me ngā kukū konumohe rewa. He mea nui te whakahaere i ēnei tawhā hei whakaputa i ngā kiriata waikura kounga teitei, ōrite, me te matotoru, te pakeke, me te ātete ki te waikura.
Te Hononga i waenga i te Kukū Kaukau Anodizing me ngā Āhuatanga o te Kiriata Waikura
Ko te kukū o te waikawa whanariki i roto i te kaukau anodizing te mea e whakatau tika ana i te matotoru o te kiriata konumohe waikura. I ngā kukū waikawa whanariki iti iho (i raro i te 10 wt%), ka tere ake te tipu o te paparanga waikura i tōna whakarewanga matū, ka taea ai te hanga i ngā paparanga konumohe waikura matotoru ake, ōrite ake. I te pikinga o te kukū waikawa ki ngā uara tukanga noa (10–20 wt%), ka heke te matotoru o te kiriata waikura nā te mea ka kaha ake te pānga whakarewa o te waikawa, ka tae ki te taurite kei reira te tipu me te whakarewanga e taurite ana. Neke atu i te 20 wt%, ka tere ake te whakarewanga matū—ka hua ake he kiriata angiangi ake, ā, i ētahi wā, he poka kiriata, he hapa hanganga rānei.
Ka pāngia hoki te hanganga me te porosity o te paparanga waikura e ngā panonitanga o te kukū kaukau anodizing. Ka puta he paparanga kiato me ngā pore iti ake, he pai ake te whakaritenga, me ngā mata maeneene ake—he mea nui ki te ārai hiko me ngā āhuatanga ārai teitei. Ka whakawhanakehia e ngā kukū waikawa whanariki noa te hanganga pore paerewa e hiahiatia ana mō te mimiti tae me te paninga atu. Heoi, ka puta he pore nui ake, he koretake ngā taumata waikawa teitei ake, ā, ka piki ake te taratara o te mata, ka whakararu i te ōritetanga o te kiriata me te pumau o te miihini.
Ka whakarerekē te konumohe rewa, he hua taha o te whakamaroke tonu, i te matū o te kaukau i roto i te wā. Ka taea e ngā taumata konumohe teitei te aukati i te tipu o te waikura, te whakaiti i te matotoru o te kiriata, me te pā ki te hanganga o ngā pore. Nō reira, me whakahaere pakari me te tango i te konumohe rewa i ia wā kia rite tonu ai te tukanga.
Te awe ki te pakeke o te kiriata waikura anodic me te ātete ki te waikura
E pā tika ana te pakeke o te kiriata waikura anodic me te ātete ki te waikura ki te matū o te kaukau. Ko ngā kukū waikawa whanariki tino pai (ko te tikanga 10–20 wt%) ka whakatairanga i ngā kiriata me te porosity taurite me ngā pakitara pūtau kaha, kikī, ka whakanui ake i te pakeke ā-mīhini me te whakarato i te ātete waikura nui. Ko ngā kukū iti rawa (he iti rawa, he teitei rawa rānei) ka arahi ki te porosity kiriata nui rawa, ngā hanganga ngoikore, me te piki ake o ngā reiti hapa, ka whakararu katoa i te pakeketanga, ka tuku i ngā mea kaha, i ngā poke rānei kia uru ki te paninga, ka whakaiti i te tiaki waikura.
Mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia roa te wā e whakamahia ana te waikura anodic konumohe, pērā i ngā wāhanga hoahoanga, ngā wāhanga rererangi rānei, he mea nui te ine tupato—mā te whakamahi i tētahi mita kukū waikawa whanariki pono pērā i te Lonnmeter—me te whakarerekē i ngā taumata waikawa whanariki me te konumohe kia mau tonu ai ngā āhuatanga mata e hiahiatia ana.
Ngā Huanga o te Waihanga Kaukau Tauritekore
Mena ka rerekē te matū o te kaukau anodizing mai i ngā awhe kua tūtohutia, ka puta ētahi hua kino:
- Te ngoikore o te whai huatanga o te whakakorikori:Ka taea e ngā kukū nui o te waikawa whanariki, te konumohe rānei te whakaroa, te whakararu rānei i te hanganga o te kiriata waikura konumohe, ka puta ai te waikura kore taurite me te koretake o te tukanga whakaanodizing waikawa whanariki.
- Te roa o te kiriata me te mahi kore taurite:Ko te nui rawa o te waikawa, o te konganuku rānei ka hua ake he kiriata anodic pakarukaru, matotoru rerekē, ka ngawari ki te pakarukaru, ki te pakarukaru, ā, ka iti ake te ātete ki te kakahu. Ka whakaitihia tika e ēnei ngoikoretanga te roa o te ora me te pono o te wāhanga, he mea nui ki te maimoatanga mata konumohe ātete-waikura.
Hei whakarite i ngā painga katoa o te whakakoi i te konumohe ki te waikawa whanariki—te matotoru mōrahi o te kiriata konumohe waikura, te pakeke ake o te kiriata waikura anodic, me te ātete pai ki te waikura o te kiriata waikura—kia haere tonute ine i te kukū o te waikawa whanarikiHe mea nui te whakahaere tupato i te konumohe rewa i roto i te kaukau whakakoi me te whakahaere tupato i te konumohe rewa. Mā tēnei huarahi whakahaere ka ārai i te ngaronga o te mahi, ā, ka tautoko i ngā paerewa teitei i roto i te tukanga whakakoi konumohe mō te ātete ki te waikura me te whakaotinga mata roa.
Ngā Tikanga mō te Ine i te Kukū H2SO4 i roto i ngā Kaukau Anodizing
He mea nui te ine tika i te kukū o te waikawa whanariki mō te whakahaere whai hua o te tukanga whakakorikori waikawa whanariki. Mā te kukū tika o te kaukau whakakorikori ka rite te matotoru o te kiriata waikura konumohe me te tiaki pono i te waikura konumohe whakakorikori.
Ngā Tikanga Tātaitanga: Ngā Tukanga Whaihua me te Whakamārama
Te ine i te hauwai konutaikoinei te huarahi matū taketake mō te ine i te waikawa whanariki i roto i ngā kaukau whakaanodizing. Ko te tukanga matua ko:
Te Kohikohi me te Whakarite Tauira:
Whakamahia he karāhe ma, maroke hei kohi i tētahi tauira kaukau e tika ana. Tātarihia mēnā e tika ana hei tango i ngā matūriki. Whakaranua ki te wai whakapūkara kia māmā ake ai te whakahaere i te kaha waikawa.
Ngā Taputapu me ngā Matū e Hiahiatia ana:
- Te wairewa konutai hauwai (NaOH) kua whakapūmautia: ko te tikanga he 0.1 N, he 0.5 N rānei
- Tohu: karaka metil mō ngā kaukau tae/paru (te mutunga i te pH ≈ 4.2); phenolphthalein mō ngā kaukau mārama (te mutunga i te pH ≈ 8.2–10)
- Pūrere, paipa, pounamu kōniko, karāhe rōrahi kua whakatikatikaina
Te Tukanga Tātaitanga:
- Tāpirihia he rōrahi tauira e mōhiotia ana (hei tauira, 10 mL) ki tētahi pounamu
- Tāpirihia kia 2–3 pata o te tohu
- Whakakīia te pūrere ki te NaOH, tuhia te rōrahi tīmatanga
- Whakamātauria te tauira, hurihurihia tonutia, tirohia te panonitanga o te tae o te tohu
- Ka huri te karaka methyl mai i te whero ki te kōwhai i te pito mutunga; ka huri te phenolphthalein mai i te kore tae ki te māwhero
- Tuhia te rōrahi NaOH i whakamahia
Ngā Wero i roto i te Tātaritanga ā-Ringa me te Pono o ngā Hua:
Ka puta te rerekētanga o te tauira ā-ringa. Ka taea e te horoi koretake te whakapoke i ngā tauira, ka hua ake he pānui hē. Ka uaua te tirotiro i te pito whakamutunga nā te mea he nui te tae, he poke rānei ngā kaukau anodizing. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e te titration potentiometric (mā te whakamahi i te mita pH) te whakarei ake i te tika. He mea nui ngā titration pātea hei whakaaro mō ngā poke o te reagent. Ka taea te huna i te āhua o te pito whakamutunga i roto i ngā kaukau kei roto he konganuku, he tae, he paru rānei, ka pā ki te maimoatanga mata o ngā kōtaha konumohe me te ātete ki te waikura o te kiriata waikura. Kei te piki haere te hiahia ki ngā burette aunoa me ngā teihana titration hou (matihiko, potentiometric rānei) mō ngā hua ka taea te whakahoki i roto i ngā mahi whakaputa nui.
IpurangiNgā Mita Kukū H2SO4 Aunoa
Ngā mita kukū waikawa whanariki ipurangi—pērā i ērā mai i Lonnmeter—ka taea te aroturuki tonu, ā-tūnga o te matū kaukau anodizing. Ka ine tika ēnei taputapu i ngā taumata H₂SO₄ i roto i te kaukau, ka whakakore i ngā hapa tauira me ngā whakaroa.
Me pēhea te whakapai ake a te ine ā-roto i te ōritetanga o te tukanga:
Mā ngā raraunga wā-tūturu ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te pupuri i ngā tawhā tukanga whakakorikori waikawa whanariki i roto i ngā awhe tino pai. Mā te aroturuki tonu ka ārai i ngā rerekētanga ka arahi pea ki ngā rerekētanga o te matotoru o te kiriata waikura konumohe, te pakeke rānei o te kiriata waikura anodic. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei ngā mōrearea o ngā paninga ngohengohe, kāore i te tino pai te āhua, te waikura kaha rawa rānei, ka whai hua ai te waikura anodic konumohe roa te mau.
Te Whakaurunga ki te Mana Tukanga Wā-Tūturu me ngā Porowhita Urupare:
Ka honoa ngā mita kukū waikawa whanariki hou ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Ka taea te whakatinana i ngā tautuhinga, ka whakaoho i te tāpiri waikawa aunoa, i te waimeha rānei mēnā ka heke te kukū o te kaukau anodizing. Ka whakapūmau ngā tikanga mahi i ngā koropiko urupare—he mea nui mō te arotau i te matū kaukau anodizing me te whakarei ake i te tiakitanga waikura konumohe anodized. Ka tautoko te aroturuki tonu i te tukanga anodizing konumohe mō te ātete ki te waikura, ā, ka whakarite kia pumau te ātete ki te waikura kiriata waikura.
I roto i ngā taiao nui te rahinga, mā te ine ipurangi ka pakari te whakahaere kaukau anodizing waikawa whanariki, ka whakaitihia te wawaotanga ā-ringa, ā, ka tautoko i te maimoatanga mata tonu o ngā kōtaha konumohe. Ka hua ake tēnei i te kounga hua pai ake me te pai ake o te mahi.
Te Aroturukitanga Wā-tūturu o ngā Wāhanga Kaukau Anodizing
He mea nui te aroturuki tonu i te kaukau whakaanodizing i te wā tūturu hei whakahaere i ngā tawhā matua o te tukanga whakaanodizing waikawa whanariki. Ko te whakatutuki i te kiriata waikura kounga teitei me whakahaere tika te kukū o te waikawa whanariki me te konumohe rewa.
Ngā Tikanga Tātari Tonu mō te Waikawa Whāwhā me te Konumohe Whakarewa
He maha ngā rautaki tātari tonu e whakamahia ana e ngā whare whakakoi hou hei pupuri i te hanganga kaukau tino pai:
Ngā Pūoko Ā-Rīni me ngā Pūtiro Mamati mō te Ine i te Kukū H2SO4
Ka tukuna e ngā pūoko ā-roto—tae atu ki te pH mamati me ngā whakamātautau kawe hiko—he urupare tonu ki te kukū H2SO4. Kei ētahi pūnaha he rauropi matatau e hono tika ana i ngā raraunga tohu ki ngā taumata waikawa whanariki. Ko ngā taputapu pēnei i te mita kukū waikawa whanariki, tae atu ki ngā hua e tukuna ana e Lonnmeter, he mea hanga motuhake mō te whakahaere kaukau whakakorikori waikawa whanariki. Ka taea te tāuta tika ki roto i te porowhita tohanga, ki te tāke rānei hei whakaputa pānui inamata, hei whakarato raraunga mahi mō te whakatikatika kaukau me te whakarite kia piri tonu ki ngā tawhā tukanga whakakorikori waikawa whanariki.
Ka horapa atu tēnei āheinga kite tonu ki te konumohe rewa. Mā ngā pūoko e whakamahi ana i te ine pūngao ka aromatawai i te ihirangi konumohe mā roto i ngā tauhohenga hiko motuhake e hono ana ki te matū kaukau anodizing. Mā te whakaurunga o ēnei pūoko ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu ka taea te ine aunoa, ka pā tika ki te tika me te ōritetanga o ngā kiriata konumohe waikura.
Ngā Painga o te Aroturukitanga Wā-Tūturu mō te Whakahaere Pūmau o te Kaukau
Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu aroturuki tonu ka puta he painga nui mō te tukanga whakakōpiri waikawa whanariki:
Te Ārai i te Hurihuri Tawhā
Ka taea e te waikawa whanariki me te konumohe rewa te neke atu i ngā pūwāhi tautuhinga nā te mea ka pau haere, ka kohia rānei. Mā te ine tonu i te kukū o te waikawa whanariki me ngā tātari ipurangi, ngā mita ā-roto rānei, ka ārai i te nekeneke puku, ka pā ki te matotoru me te pakeke o te kiriata waikura anodic. Mā te matū kaukau pumau ka mau te roa o te mau me te tiaki i te waikura o te konumohe anodized.
Te Kite Tonu i ngā Hēketanga e Pā Ana ki te Tukanga Anodizing
I te wā tonu, ka kitea e ngā kaitātari me ngā pūoko ngā rerekētanga o te kaukau—pērā i te maturuturunga iho o te waikawa whanariki, ngā pikinga rānei o te konumohe rewa—e whakararu ana i te kounga o te kiriata waikura. Ka whakaohohia tonutia ngā whakatūpato, ka taea ai ngā mahi whakatika i mua i te puta mai o ngā hapa utu nui. Ka tiakina te ōritetanga o ngā tikanga maimoatanga mata konumohe, ka arotau i te tiakitanga waikura konumohe kua whakakinohia, ā, ka puta he hua ōrite i roto i ia puranga.
Hei tauira, ki te nui ake te konumohe rewa i ngā taumata kua tohua, ka taea e te nui o te ua te akiaki i te pakaru o te hanganga, te whakaiti rānei i te kounga o te hanganga. Mā te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu ka tere te whakatikatika, ka tiakina te ātete ki te waikura o te kiriata waikura, ā, ka tautoko i te hanga o ngā paparanga waikura anodic konumohe roa te mau. Mā ngā whāngai whakahaere aunoa ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga pakari mō te matotoru me te pakeke o te kiriata waikura anodic, ka whakapai ake i te āhua me te mahi.
Mā te whakaurunga auau o ngā tātaritanga irahiko ipurangi me ngā mita kukū H2SO4 ā-roto ka tangohia te koretake o te tauira puranga me te ine whaiaro. Mā tēnei pūnaha pakari ka hua ake ngā whakapainga ine i roto i te whakahaere kukū kaukau anodizing, te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga matū, me te kounga hua puta noa i te tukanga anodizing konumohe hei ātete ki te waikura.
Te Whakauru i ngā Mita Kukū Waikawa Whāwhā ki ngā Mahi Anodizing
Paearu mō te Kōwhiri i te Mita Kukū Waikawa Whāwhā
Ko te tukanga whakakorikori waikawa whanariki e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakahaere tika i te kukū o te H₂SO₄. Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi mita kukū waikawa whanariki me arotake marie i ngā āhuatanga matua e toru: te tika, te hototahi, me ngā whakaritenga tiaki.
Te tikahe mea nui. Ka mahi pai te kaukau whakakorikori i roto i te 150–220 g/L H₂SO₄, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga kiriata waikura—pērā i te matotoru, te ātete ki te waikura, me te pakeke—he tino tairongo ki ngā rerekētanga o te kukū waikawa. Me tutuki i ngā mita te tika o te mara iti rawa o te ±2–4 g/L mō te mahi noa. Mō ngā raina tukanga matatau, inā koa i roto i te rererangi, i te maimoatanga mata teitei rānei o ngā kōtaha konumohe, rapua ngā taputapu, ngā tikanga rānei e kaha ana ki te pupuri i te whakahaere ±1–2 g/L. He mea noa ngā mita e ahu mai ana i te kawe hiko, engari ka iti ake te pono i te kohikohinga o te konumohe; ka pai ake te tika o ngā mita kiato (hydrometer) me ngā tikanga tohutoro e ahu mai ana i te titration i roto i ngā tono nui.
Te hototahi ki te taiao whakahaere motuhakehe mea nui. Me tu te mita i ngā āhuatanga matū o te kaukau anodizing, tae atu ki te waikawa teitei me te kukū katote konumohe teitei. Me hototahi ngā taputapu ki ngā pūnaha utu pāmahana, nā te mea ka taea e ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana kaukau o te 2–3°C te whakaputa hapa ine neke atu i te 5 g/L mena kāore e whakatikahia. Ki te kore e taea e ngā mita te utu mō te pāmahana, te konumohe rewa rānei, ka hua ake he āhuatanga kiriata waikura anodic ngoikore me te ātete kore e taea te matapae.
Ngā whakaaro tiakikei roto ko te ngāwari o te horoi, te ātete ki te paru o te pūoko, me te wātea o ngā tikanga whakatikatika pakari. Mō te aroturuki ipurangi, whiriwhiria ngā mita me ngā āhuatanga horoi aunoa, whakatikatika anō rānei hei whakaiti i te nekenekehanga. Ko ngā pūnaha ā-ringa, pērā i ngā hydrometer, me horoi auau ki te wai whakakore iona hei ārai i te kohikohinga o ngā toenga. Whakatairangahia ngā mita mai i ngā kaiwhakarato he hītori roa mō ngā pūoko ora me te urunga wawe ki ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana. Hei tauira, ko te raupapa Lonnmeter e whakarato ana i ngā inenga wā-tūturu, ā, kua hangaia mō te matū tukanga uaua.
Te Whakaurunga ki ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Tukanga o nāianeime arotake. Ka whai hua ngā raina tukanga anodize waikawa whanariki hou mai i ngā mita ka taea te hono atu ki ngā kaiwhakahaere mamati, PLC, ngā pūnaha SCADA rānei. Rapua ngā taputapu e tuku ana i ngā kawa putanga paerewa (hei tauira, 4–20 mA, Modbus rānei) mō te aroturuki me te whakahaere maeneene i ngā tawhā kaukau anodizing waikawa whanariki. Mā tēnei whakaurunga ka taea te whakarerekē i te horopeta aunoa hei pupuri i te kukū kaukau anodizing tino pai, ā, ka whakarite kia taea te whakaputa anō i ngā kiriata konumohe waikura me te matotoru whainga me te ātete ki te waikura.
Ngā Taunakitanga mō ngā Wā Whakataurite me ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Whakahaere Kounga
Ko te ine i te kukū waikawa whanariki kounga teitei me whai tikanga whakatikatika me te whakahaere pakari. Ko ngā mahi pai ko:
- Ngā Wā Whakataurite:Me whakataurite ngā mita kawe hiko me te mātotoru ki te ine ine taiwhanga i te iti rawa i ia wiki i raro i ngā kawenga whakaputa noa. Mena kei te tata te mahi ki ngā rohe tukanga, i te wā rānei e puta ai ngā huringa kaukau maha, me whakataurite ia rā. Me whai whakaaro ngā tikanga whakataurite ki te pikinga o te konumohe rewa i roto i te kaukau, ka pā ki ngā pānui pūoko.
- Whakamana-whakawhiti:Whakamahia ngā ine ine aunoa hei paerewa koura hei tohutoro me te whakatika i ngā pānui pūoko ipurangi. Tirohia ngā hua mai i ngā mita ipurangi me te ine ine ā-ringa i ia wā hei kite i te nekenekehanga, inā koa i muri i te tiaki kaukau, i te nui haere rānei o te konumohe i neke atu i te 15–20 g/L.
- Mana Kounga:Whakatinanahia ngā tirotiro manatoko o ia rā, o ia huringa rānei—te tātari tauira ā-wāhi, te tirotiro hauora o ngā pūoko, me te arotake i ngā rātaka pāmahana kaukau. Tuhia ngā hua whakatikatika me ngā whakamātautau katoa kia taea ai te whai. Whakaū kei te mahi ngā mita katoa i roto i tā rātou awhe kua tohua me te tika i raro i ngā āhuatanga tukanga tuturu.
Whakakāhoretia te Konumohe
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Ngā Hipanga mō te Whakatutuki i te Maimoatanga Mata Pai o ngā Kōtaha Konumohe
Maimoatanga-mua: Te horoi me te whakairo kia ōrite ai ngā hua o te whakakorikori
He mea nui te maimoatanga-mua mō te maimoatanga mata kounga teitei o ngā kōtaha konumohe i roto i te tukanga anodizing waikawa whanariki. Ka tīmata te raupapatanga mā te horoi tino pai (te tango hinu) hei tango i ngā hinu, ngā hinu, me ētahi atu poke rauropi. He mea noa tēnei mā te whakamahi i ngā kaihoroi kawakore i te 50–70°C mō te 2–10 meneti, i ētahi wā ka whakarei ake mā te whakaoho ultrasonic mō ngā kōtaha he āhua uaua. Mā te horoi pai ki te wai deionized, ki te wai whakangawari rānei ka ārai i te whakatakotoranga anō o ngā paru, ā, ka whakarite i te mata mō ngā mahi e whai ake nei.
Whai muri i tēnei ka whakairohia, mā te whakamahi i ngā otinga konutai hauwai (NaOH) i te 30–100 g/L me te 40–60°C, mō te 2–10 meneti te roa. Mā tēnei mahi ka tangohia he paparanga angiangi o te konumohe, ka mukua ngā hapa o te mata, ngā rārangi whakaputa, me ngā kiriata waikura kua tīariari kē. Mā te whakahaere i te hanganga kaukau me te wā whakairo ka karohia te ngaronga nui o te konganuku me te taratara, ka mau tonu te tika o te kōtaha. Ka taea e ngā tāpiringa pēnei i ngā aukati te whakaiti i ngā pānga taha kāore e hiahiatia pēnei i te kohi hauwai. Whai muri i te whakairo, ka mau tonu te mata konumohe i ngā konganuku kore e rewa—e mōhiotia ana ko te paru—me tango atu mō ngā hua pai rawa atu.
Ka mahia te tango i ngā matū kino mā te whakamahi i ngā kaukau waikawa hauota, waikawa whanariki rānei (15–25% HNO₃; i te pāmahana rūma mō te 1–3 meneti). Tērā pea ka tāpirihia te ammonium bifluoride mō ngā koranu he nui te ihirangi silicon, parahi rānei. Mā tēnei mahi ka whakarite kia ma, kia ōrite te mata. He mea nui te horoi whakamutunga i mua i te whakaanodize hei karo i te poke o te kaukau whakaanodize e whai ake nei.
He mea nui te aroturuki tonu i te hanganga o te kaukau, te pāmahana, me ngā wā tukatuka kia taea ai te whakaputa anō i ngā hua, kia ārai hoki i ngā hapa o te mata pērā i te werowero, te pakaru rānei. Ka whakamahia e ngā raina hou ngā pūoko wā-tūturu me ngā horoinga porowhita-katia hei whakanui ake i te kounga me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao. Ko te whāinga matua he kōtaha konumohe tino ma, he rite te whakairo, kāore he paru toenga, ā, kua rite mō te tukanga anodize waikawa whanariki.
Te Whakaanoti: Te Pupuri i ngā Tawhā Kaukau Tika puta noa i te Tiputanga o te Kiriata Waikura
Ko te whakahaere tika o te kaukau whakaanodizing te mea nui ki te hanga i ngā kiriata konumohe waikura me te pakeke tino pai me te ātete ki te waikura. Ko te tukanga whakaanodizing waikawa whanariki e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pupuri i ngā tawhā tino pakari:
- Me pupuri te kukū waikawa whanariki i roto i te kaukau anodizing ki roto i tētahi awhe kua tautuhia, arā, 150–220 g/L te nuinga. Mā te ine tonu i te kukū waikawa whanariki ka tere te whakatika i ngā pekapeka.
- Mā ngā taputapu pēnei i te mita kukū waikawa whanariki Lonnmeter ka tere, ka pono hoki te ine i te kukū h2so4, e tautoko ana i ngā whakarerekētanga kaukau ā-ringa me ngā whakarerekētanga aunoa.
- Ko te pāmahana o te kaukau ka pupurihia i waenga i te 18°C me te 22°C. Ka pā pea ngā rerekētanga ki te matotoru, te ōritetanga, me te āhua o te kiriata konumohe waikura.
- Ko te mātotoru o te iahiko, ko te tikanga 1–2 A/dm² mō te whakakoi paerewa, ka whakarerekētia kia rite ki te momo koranu me te matotoru o te waikura e hiahiatia ana.
- Mā te whakaoho kaukau ka tohatoha ōrite ngā katote me te marara o te wera.
Mā te āta whakahaere i te kaukau whakakorikori waikawa whanariki ka taea te whakarite kia tupu tonu te kiriata waikura anodic. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakarite tika i te matotoru o te kiriata waikura konumohe (he maha ngā wā 5–25 μm mō ngā kōtaha hoahoanga, tae atu ki te 70 μm mō te whakakorikori mārō) ā, ka whakanuia te pakeke o te kiriata waikura anodic me te ātete ki te waikura o te kiriata waikura. Mā te ine wā-tūturu i te kukū waikawa whanariki i roto i te kaukau whakakorikori ka āwhina hoki ki te karo i ngā hapa noa pēnei i te mura, ngā kiriata ngohengohe, te urupare tae ngoikore rānei, ka taea ai te maha o ngā painga o te whakakorikori i te konumohe ki te waikawa whanariki.
He mea nui rawa te whakarerekētanga kukū pai rawa atu o te kaukau whakaanodizing mō ngā oma roa o te hanga, ina taea e te tōia o te wai horoi, te kohikohinga katote whakarewa rānei te whakakōkī, te whakapoke rānei i te kaukau. He mea nui ngā whakarerekētanga matū kaukau whakaanodizing tere me te tika, e ahu mai ana i te ine kukū h2so4 auau, kia rite ai, kia roa ai te paninga waikura.
Maimoatanga Whai Muri: Ngā Tikanga Hiri hei Maukati i te Pakeke Kiriata me te Ātete ki te Waikura
I muri i te whakakorikori, ka katihia e ngā maimoatanga hiri te hanganga pūwero o te paparanga waikura konumohe hou, ka whakarato i te tiaki pumau mai i te waikura me te whakarei ake i te pakeke o te kiriata waikura anodic. Ko ngā tikanga hiri matua mō te konumohe whakakorikori ko:
- Te hiri i te wai wera: Mā te rumaki ki roto i te wai kua tata kohua te tango i te ion (96–100°C) mō te 15–30 meneti ka whakamakuku i te waikura, ka hanga he boehmite pumau.
- Te hiri nikara ātete: Mā te whakamahi i te wairewa o te nikara ātete i te 85–95°C, ka whakapai ake tēnei tikanga i te ātete ki te waikura me te pumau o te tae, inā koa mō ngā paninga tae.
- Hiritanga Matao: Kei roto ko ngā kaihoko hiri motuhake i ngā pāmahana iti iho i te 25–30°C, ā, he mea pai mō te penapena pūngao me te tere ake o te whakaputanga.
Ko te whiriwhiri i te tukanga hiri e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mahi waikura e hiahiatia ana, ngā whāinga utu, me ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga whakamutunga. Me āta aroturukitia ia huarahi mō te wā, te pāmahana, me te hanganga kaukau kia tino hiritia ai. Mā te hiri ngoikore ka heke te tiaki waikura me te heke o te pakeke o te kiriata, ka whakararu i te ataahua me te roa o te mahi o te kōtaha konumohe kua pania.
Mā te arotau i muri i te maimoatanga, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te parenga waikura konumohe kua whakaanotia, engari ka tautoko hoki i te waikura konumohe anodic roa mō ngā tono uaua. Ko te tātari kaukau auau me te whakahaere tukanga ka hua ake ngā hua ōrite puta noa i ngā puranga whakaputa.
Mā te whai i ngā tikanga pai rawa atu i ia taahiraa—te horoi me te whakairo, te whakahaere tika i te tukanga anodize waikawa whanariki, me te hiri mataara i muri i te maimoatanga—ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaputa pono i ngā kōtaha konumohe me te kounga mata pai rawa atu, te pakeke o te kiriata kua tino pai ake, me te ātete tino pai ki te waikura.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te kukū H2SO4 tino pai i roto i te kaukau whakaanodizing waikawa whanariki?
Ko te kukū waikawa whanariki tino pai mō te tukanga whakakorikori waikawa whanariki kei waenganui i te 150 me te 220 karamu/L, e rite ana ki te 15–20% mā te rōrahi. Ko te uara tino pai ko te 180 karamu/L, 18% rānei mā te rōrahi. He mea nui tēnei awhe mō te whakaputa kiriata waikura anodic me te pakeke me te ātete ki te waikura. Mā te rere o ngā kaukau i roto i tēnei matapihi ka whakatairanga i te matotoru o te paparanga waikura puta noa i ngā kōtaha konumohe, ka tautoko i te mimiti tae, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā paninga paura, pakarukaru rānei. Ko ngā kukū i raro iho i te 150 karamu/L ka puhoi te tipu o te waikura, ā, ka hanga pea i ngā kiriata ngohengohe, porous, ko ngā kukū i runga ake i te 220 karamu/L ka whakanui ake i te whakarewatanga, ā, ka taea te whakangawari rawa i te paninga. Mō ngā tukanga motuhake, pērā i te whakakorikori pakeke, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kukū teitei ake (tae atu ki te 240 karamu/L) me ngā pāmahana iti iho engari kāore i te pai mō te whakaputa paerewa.
He pēhea te pānga o te kukū o te kaukau anodizing ki te matotoru o te kiriata konumohe waikura?
He pānga tika, he pānga ine hoki te kukū o te kaukau whakaanodizing ki te matotoru o te kiriata konumohe waikura. Ko te kukū waikawa whanariki teitei ake ka whakarei ake i te whakarewanga o te waikura, ka hua ake he paparanga angiangi ake, he paparanga pakarukaru ake. I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā taumata waikawa iti ka hua ake he kiriata matotoru engari ka piki ake te porosity, ka whakaiti i te pakeke me te tiaki i te waikura. He mea nui te kimi i te kukū tika: 180 karamu/rita te hua pono o tētahi paparanga waikura matotoru, pakari me te porosity whakahaeretia e tika ana mō ngā whakamahinga whare me ngā whakamahinga ahumahi. Mā te peka atu i tēnei kukū ka huri i ngā āhuatanga tiaki me te miihini o te kiriata. Hei tauira, ko te whakahaere i te 220 karamu/rita ka hua ake he pore paku angiangi ake engari ka tere ake te ngaronga o te kiriata i te wā o te whakaanodizing.
He aha te mita kukū waikawa whanariki, ā, he aha i hiranga ai?
Ka ine tonu te mita kukū waikawa whanariki i te taumata H2SO4 i roto i ngā kaukau whakaanodizing. He mea nui tēnei hei pupuri i te matū kaukau ōrite, he mea nui mō te maimoatanga mata konumohe. Mā te mita kukū, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakarerekē i te horopeta waikawa whanariki i te wā tūturu, hei ārai i te hapa ā-ringa, hei whakarite hoki i te kounga whakaputa pumau. Ka pupuri tēnei i ngā tawhā kaukau tika, ā, ka tautoko i te hanganga kiriata waikura tino pai. Ka tukuna e ngā taputapu pēnei i te Lonnmeter he aroturuki pono, aunoa kua whakaritea ki te tukanga whakaanodize waikawa whanariki, ka whakaiti i te auau o te tauira ā-ringa me te tātari.
He aha te hiranga o te ine i te kukū h2so4 i te wā tūturu i roto i te tukanga whakaanodizing?
He mea nui te ine i te kukū h2so4 tūturu mō te whakahaere i te kukū kaukau anodizing. Mā te urupare tonu ka taea te whakatika tere i ngā rerekētanga, kia mau tonu ai te matū kaukau. Mena ka rerekē te kukū, ka pāngia pea te matotoru o te paparanga waikura, te pakeke, me te ātete ki te waikura. Mā ngā pūnaha ine pono ka āwhina i ia puranga kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga, kia mau tonu ai te mahi teitei i roto i te anodizing konumohe mō te ātete ki te waikura me te roa o te mata. He mea tino nui tēnei huarahi i roto i ngā mahi nui, i ngā mahi aunoa rānei, ina iti te wawaotanga a te tangata.
Ka taea e te kukū kaukau hē te whakaputa hapa i roto i te konumohe anodized?
Ae, mā te whakahaere i te tukanga whakakorikori waikawa whanariki i waho o te matapihi kukū kua tūtohutia ka puta he hapa nui. Kei roto i ēnei ko te ngoikore o te piri o te kiriata waikura, te tae mata koretake, te heke o te pakeke, me te heke o te ātete ki te waikura. Mā te whakamahi i te mita kukū waikawa whanariki mō te ine tonu i te kukū h2so4 ka tino whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hapa. Hei tauira, mā te nui o te waikawa ka memeha pea te waikura hou, ka hua ake he paninga koretake, he angiangi rānei, engari mā te korenga o te kukū waikawa ka puta he kiriata porous, he ngāwari te pakaru. He mea nui te aroturuki auau mō te roa o te wā e roa ai te whakakorikori anodic konumohe.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-03-2025
