Te horoi i te PhosgeneHe tukanga nui tēnei hei tango i tēnei hau morearea mai i ngā tukunga ahumahi, hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi, i ngā hapori, me te taiao, me te whakarite hoki kia tutukihia ngā ture pakari pēnei i ērā a te Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Ko te mea nui o tēnei tukanga ko temita kukū wai horoi, he taputapu e aroturuki ana i te kukū o ngā wai horoi pēnei i te konutai hauwai (NaOH) kia mau tonu ai te mimiti pai. Mā te ārai i ngā take pēnei i te kore-whakarewatanga, te kore-whakarewatanga rānei, ka whakarei ake ēnei mita i te mahi ongā pūnaha horoi hau.
He kaihanga matua, he kaihanga mātau hoki a Lonnmeter mō ngā pūoko tukanga atamai, ā, he tino pai tana mahi ki te whakaputa i ngā pūoko tukanga ahumahi pakari hei whakapai ake i te taumata aunoatanga o te raina whakaputa whakauru. Ahakoa hekaihanga isocyanate,kaihanga polycarbonate, whakahaere rānei i tētahiwhare whakahaere para, ko te mita kukū ā-roto Lonnmeter he otinga matua hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i ngā utu.
Te Mārama ki te Horoi Hau Phosgene
Ko te horoi ko te tuku i te hau kei roto he phosgene mā roto i tētahipourewa horoi hauhe pūnaha rānei e whakakorekore ana, e mimiti ana rānei te hau i tētahi wai, arā, ko te NaOH, ka huri hei matū haumaru ake pērā i te konutai kāponāte (Na₂CO₃) me te konutai pūhaumāota (NaCl). Ko te whai huatanga o tēnei tukanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pupuri i te kukū tika o te wai horoi, koinei te wāhingā mita kukū wai horoiwhai wāhi nui.
He aha te take e hiahiatia ai te horoi i te hau Phosgene?
Te horoi hau Phosgenehe mea nui mō ētahi take:
Haumaru:Ka taea e te pānga o te phosgene ki te iti o te 3–5 ppm te whakararuraru i te manawa, engari ko te nui ake o te pānga ka arahi ki te pupuhi o te pūkahukahu. Mā te horoi i te kiri ka ārai i te pānga o te hau ki ngā kaimahi me te hapori.
Te Whakatutukitanga Ture:Ko ngā ture tino pakari, pērā i ngā ture a te EPA, e whakahau ana i te aroturukitanga me te whakahaere i ngā tukunga phosgene hei tiaki i te taiao.
Te Tiaki Taiao:Ka taea e ngā tukunga phosgene kāore i te whakahaeretia te whakapoke i te hau me te wai, ka kino ai ngā rauropi.
Te Haere Tonu o te Mahi:Mā te horoi whai hua ka ārai i ngā rahunga o te pūnaha, ka whakarite kia kore ai e mutu te mahi whakaputa.
Ngā Kaihoroi Waikawa mō te Horoi Hau Phosgene
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā mīhini horoi kaustiki i roto ite horoi i te phosgenenā te māmā me te whai huatanga. Ka mahi mā te tuku i te hau phosgene mā roto i tētahi pou kua kī tonu i te NaOH, ka tauhohe hei hanga i te Na₂CO₃, NaCl, me te wai. Ko ngā whakaaro matua ko:
Te Aroturukitanga o te Kukū:Me pupuri te kukū NaOH i roto i te 5–20 wt% kia pai ai te mimiti.
Te Whakahaere Wera:Ka whakaputa wera te tauhohenga ā-waho, ā, me whai pūnaha whakamatao.
Te Whakapūnga Tote:Ka taea e ngā taumata NaCl, Na₂CO₃ rānei teitei (5–30 wt%) te whakakōkī i te wai, ā, me tango te tote hei ārai i te aukati i te pūnaha.
Te Whakakorenga:Mā ngā papu tārua me ngā pūhiko hiko ohorere ka taea te whakahaere tonu.
Te Tūranga o ngā Mita Kukū Wai Horoi
He pēhea tā rātou mahi?
Ngā mita kukū wai horoiine i ngā kukū o te NaOH, NaCl, me te Na₂CO₃ i te wā tonu, kia tino pai ai te mimiti ki rotongā pūnaha horoi hauMā te whakamahi i te hangarau ultrasonic, ka tātarihia e ēnei mita te tere oro.makāhoreactured e Lonnmeterhei whakatau i ngā kukū.
Ko te pūoko rumaki o te mita ka tāutahia ki roto i ngā paipa DN 80 i waenganui i te kaihoroi me te tāke whakaora, ka whakauruhia ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere mō ngā whakatikatika aunoa.
Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i te Horoi Phosgene
Aroturuki ā-Rārangi:Ka whakarite i te hanganga ōrite o te wai i te wā e horoia ana.
Mana Tukanga:Ka whakarerekē aunoa i te inenga NaOH, i te tango tote rānei hei ārai i te tioata.
Te Whakahaere Para:Ka aromatawai i te ihirangi matū e toe ana hei hangarua, hei whakakore rānei.
Ngā Painga o te Ine i te Kukū o te Wai Horoi
Haumaru Whakarei ake
Te ine i te kukū wai horoikia whai hua tonu ai te wai horoi, kia whakaitihia ai te mōrearea o te pakaru o te phosgene. He mea nui tēnei hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi me ngā hapori mai i te pānga o tēnei hau tino paitini.
Te Whakatutukitanga o ngā Ture
Me ū ngā ahumahi ki ngā ture tino pakari, pērā i ngā ture a te EPA me te OSHA. Mā ngā mita kukū ka whakaratohia he raraunga tika, ā-wā tonu mō te pūrongo tukunga, te whakahaere i ngā arotake me te karo i ngā whiu.
Te Whai Hua o te Whakahaere
Mā te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu ka ārai i ngā ngoikoretanga i puta mai i ngā kukū hē, ka whakaitihia te wā whakatā me ngā hiahia tiaki o te pūnaha. Hei tauira, i penapenahia e tētahi tipu matū he haora ia rā i roto i ngā utu mahi mā te aunoa i ngā tirotiro kukū.
Ngā Penapena Utu
Mā te arotau i te whakamahinga o te NaOH me te ārai i te nui rawa o te waimehatanga o te NaOH,ngā mita kukū wai horoiwhakaiti i ngā utu para me ngā utu whakakī anō, ka tuku penapena nui mō ngā mahi nui.
Ngā Āhuatanga Hangarau me te Whakaurunga
Te Tāutanga me te Whakahaere
Ngā mita kukū wai horoikua tāutahia ki roto i ngā paipa, i ngā tāke rānei, mā te whakamahi i ngā pūoko pakari i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi pakari hei ātete i ngā taiao waikura. Ka honoa ki ngā pūnaha PLC/DCS mō te whakahaere aunoa, kia whakarite ai i ngā whakarerekētanga wā-tūturu hei pupuri i ngā kukū tino pai.
Ngā Whakaritenga Tiaki
Whakatikatika:Ngā arowhai ā-wā hei whakarite i te tika.
Te Horoi Pūoko:Ārai i te poke o te tote e kohia ana.
Ngā Tirotiro Pūnaha:Te tirotiro auau i ngā hiko me ngā hononga.
Ngā Auahatanga o te Āpōpō mō te Horoi Hau Phosgene
Aunoatanga:Ka matapaetia e ngā pūnaha e whakahaerehia ana e te AI ngā kukū wai tino pai i runga i ngā raraunga wā-tūturu.
Ngā Pūoko Atamai:Ka ine i ngā tawhā tāpiri pēnei i te pH me ngā taumata poke.
Te Oranga Tonu:Tērā pea me aroturuki tika te kukū o ngā wai horoi e ahu mai ana i te koiora.
Te Whanaketanga Whakahaere:Mā ngā paerewa tukunga pakari ake ka piki ake te hiahia mō ngā taputapu hangarau matataute ine i te kukū o te wai horoi.
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
He aha te take e hiahiatia ai te horoi i te hau phosgene?
Te horoi i te Phosgenehe mea nui kia tangohia te hau phosgene paitini mai i ngā tukunga, kia tiakina ai ngā kaimahi, ngā hapori, me te taiao, me te whakarite hoki kia tutukihia ngā ture pēnei i ngā ture a te EPA.
He pēhea te mahi a te kaihoroi wera mō te phosgene?
Ka whakamahia te NaOH e te mīhini horoi waikura hei whakakore i te phosgene, ka hanga he Na₂CO₃, NaCl, me te wai.Ngā mita kukū wai horoiaroturukitia ngā taumata NaOH kia pai ai te mimiti.
Kei hea te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ai ngā mīhini horoi hau phosgene?
Ngā pūnaha horoi haue whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu matū (isocyanates, polycarbonates), te hanga matū rongoā me te ahuwhenua, me ngā whare whakahaere para e whakahaere ana i ngā matū whai chlorine.
He āwangawanga haumaru kei roto i ngā pūnaha horoi hau phosgene?
Ae, me whakahaere tonu ngā pūnaha me ngā tārua hei ārai i ngā turuturu phosgene.Te ine i te kukū wai horoika whakarite i te pono o te pūnaha, ā, me whai PPE me te whakangungu ngā kaiwhakahaere.
Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā mita kukū wai horoi?
Ka whakaratohia e rātou ngā raraunga wā-tūturu hei ārai i te nui rawa, i te iti rawa rānei o te waimehatanga, hei whakaiti i te wā kore mahi me te arotaute horoi i ngā hauhei penapena utu me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
Ngā mita kukū wai horoikei te huri haerete horoi i te phosgenemā te whakarite i ngā kukū wai tino pai, te whakarei ake i te haumaru, te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me te whai huatanga. Tena koa whakapā atu ki ngā miihini o Lonnmeter ki te aromatawai i ō āhuatanga mahi me te tūtohu i ngā pūoko tukanga e tika ana.
Kaua e tukua te horoi hē kia whakararu i te haumaru, i te tutuki rānei o ngā whakaritenga o tō whare. Whakapā mai ki a mātou i tēnei rā kia kitea ai te āhua o ā mātou mahingā mita kukū wai horoika taea te whakaara ake i tōpourewa horoi haumahi. Tonoa he tauira kore utu mōcanakeomizerārāngā mahiwhrāneicontinuous ckotahitration mōnitōrinigkei te whakahaere i te tukanga!
Wā tuku: Pipiri-13-2025
