Te Aroturuki i te Matotoru Wā-Tūturu i roto i te Keri Puna Tino Hōhonu

Te Aroturukitanga o te Matotoru Wā-Tūturu i roto i te Taiao o raro i te Pūnaha

Ko te whakamātautau matotoru tuku iho e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mita matotoru hurihuri, ki ngā mita matotoru capillary rānei, kāore e whai hua mō te keri pāmahana teitei pēhanga teitei nā te mea e neke ana ngā wāhanga me te tātari tauira kua roa. Kua hangaia ngā mita matotoru wiri HTHP mō te aromatawai matotoru tika, ā-roto i raro i ngā āhuatanga neke atu i te 600°F me te 40,000 psig. Ka tutuki i ēnei urutaunga ngā whakaritenga ahurei mō te aukati i te ngaronga tātari me te whakahaere rheology paru keri o ngā taiao keri hohonu rawa. Ka hono pai ki ngā tūāpapa telemetry me te aunoatanga, ka taea ai te aroturuki i te matotoru wai keri wā-tūturu me ngā whakatikatika tāpiringa ngaronga wai tere.

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua me ngā Mātāpono Whakahaere o te Mita Matao Wiri o te Lonnmeter

Kua hangaia te mita wiri Lonnmeter mō te mahi tonu i raro i ngā āhuatanga HPHT.

• Hoahoa PūokoKa whakamahia e Lonnmeter tētahi aratau e hangai ana ki te wiri, me tētahi huānga haruru e rumakina ana ki roto i te wai keri. Ko te korenga o ngā wāhanga neke e pāngia ana e ngā wai whakakoi ka whakaiti i te tiaki, ā, ka whakarite i te mahi pakari i roto i ngā whakamahinga roa.
• Te Mātāpono IneKa tātarihia e te pūnaha ngā āhuatanga whakamākū o te huānga wiri, e hono tika ana ki te matotoru o te wai. Ka mahia ngā inenga katoa mā te hiko, e tautoko ana i te pono me te tere o ngā raraunga e tika ana mō te aunoatanga me te whakahaere i te pūnaha ine matū.
• Awhe MahiI hangaia mō te whakamahinga whānui o te pāmahana me te pēhanga, ka taea e te Lonnmeter te mahi pono i roto i te nuinga o ngā horopaki keri hohonu rawa, e tautoko ana i ngā tāpiringa wai keri matatau me te whakatauira rheological wā-tūturu.
• Te Kaha WhakauruHe hototahi a Lonnmeter ki te telemetry o raro i te poka, e āhei ai te tuku raraunga tonu ki ngā kaiwhakahaere mata. Ka taea te hono atu i te pūnaha ki ngā anga aunoa hei tautoko i te whakahaere matū aunoa i roto i ngā tukanga keri, tae atu ki ngā tāpiringa wai keri bentonite me ngā otinga pumau o te poka.

Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakatinanatanga o te mara te pakari me te tika o Lonnmeter, e whakaiti tika ana i ngā mōrearea whakahaere tātari paru keri me te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga utu mō ngā mahi keri pāmahana teitei. Mō ētahi atu taipitopito whakatakotoranga, tirohiaTirohanga Whānui mō te Ine Rorohiko.

Ngā Painga o ngā Viscometers Wiri i ngā Tikanga Ine Tuku Iho

He mārama, he tika hoki ngā painga o ngā mita wiri mō te ine i te āwhata:

• Ine ā-Rārangi, Wā-tūturuMā te rere tonu o ngā raraunga, me te kore he tauira ā-ringa, ka taea ai ngā whakatau whakahaere tonu, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā wero keri poka tino hohonu me te taiao raro-poka.
• Te Tiaki ItiMā te kore o ngā wāhanga neke ka whakaitihia te pakaru, he mea tino nui i roto i ngā paru whakakoi, ngā paru kī tonu i te matūriki.
• Te Manawanui ki te Haruru TukangaKāore ēnei taputapu e pāngia e te wiri me ngā piki me ngā heke o te rere o te wai e kitea ana i ngā papa keri hohe.
• Teitei o te WhānuitangaKa taea e ngā tauira wiri te whakahaere pono i ngā awhe matotoru whānui, ā, kāore e pāngia e ngā rahinga tauira iti, ka arotau i te inenga matū aunoa me te whakahaere rheology paru.
• Ka āwhina i te Aunoatanga TukangaTe whakaurunga rite ki te aunoatanga o te pūnaha inenga matū me ngā tūāpapa tātari matatau mō te arotau i ngā tāpiringa ngaronga wai mō te paru keri.

Ki te whakaritea ki ngā mita wiri hurihuri, ka tukuna e ngā otinga wiri he mahi pakari i raro i ngā āhuatanga HPHT me ngā tukanga aroturuki me te aukati i te ngaronga tātari i te wā tūturu. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau take i roto i te paheke uku me te keri i te wā whakatā kua whakaitihia, ā, he tika ake te whakahaere tātari paru keri, e whakanoho ana i ngā mita wiri hei otinga pumau poka wai nui mō ngā mahi keri wai hohonu me te hohonu rawa o ēnei rā.

Te Whakaurunga o ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Aunoa me te Inenga Matū

Te Whakahaere Aunoa i ngā Āhuatanga Wai Keri mā te Whakamahi i te Urupare Pūoko Wā-Tūturu

Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha aroturuki wā-tūturu ngā pūoko matatau, pērā i ngā mita tirohanga paipa me ngā mita tirohanga hurihuri a Couette, hei aromatawai tonu i ngā āhuatanga o te wai keri, tae atu ki te matotoru me te pūwāhi hua. Ka hopukina e ēnei pūoko ngā raraunga i te auau teitei, ka taea ai te urupare tonu ki ngā tawhā nui mō te keri poka hohonu rawa, inā koa i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei (HPHT) pēhanga teitei. Ko ngā pūnaha mita tirohanga paipa, kua whakauruhia ki ngā rauropi tukatuka tohu pērā i te wehewehenga aratau empirical, ka whakaiti i te pokanoa pulsation—he take noa i roto i ngā taiao raro-poka—e tuku ana i ngā inenga tika o te rheology wai keri ahakoa i roto i ngā raruraru whakahaere nui. He mea nui tēnei hei pupuri i te pumau o te poka puna me te ārai i te hinga i te wā e mahi ana te keri.

Mā te whakatinanatanga o te aroturuki wai aunoa (AFM) ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te kite me te urupare ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē pēnei i te hekenga o te barite, te ngaronga o te wai, te nekenekehanga matotoru rānei i mua atu i ngā whakamātautau ā-ringa, ā-taiwhanga rānei. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā pānuitanga o te awaawa Marsh, me ngā tauira pāngarau, te tuku aromatawai matotoru tere e tautoko ana i ngā whakatau a ngā kaiwhakahaere. I roto i ngā puna wai hohonu me ngā puna HPHT, kua tino whakaitihia e te aroturuki wā-tūturu aunoa te wā kore hua, ā, kua ārai i ngā kaupapa kore pumau o te poka wai mā te whakarite kia noho tonu ngā āhuatanga wai keri i roto i ngā awhe tino pai.

Ngā Pūnaha Inenga Matū Porowhita-Kati mō te Whakatikatika Tāpiri Hihiri

Ka werohia aunoatia e ngā pūnaha inenga matū porowhita-kati ngā tāpiringa ngaronga wai mō te paru keri, ngā whakarerekētanga rheology, ngā tāpiringa wai keri matatau rānei hei whakautu ki te urupare a te pūoko. Ka whakamahia e ēnei pūnaha ngā porowhita urupare kore-raina, ngā ture whakahaere ohorere rānei, e werohia ana ngā matū i ngā wā motuhake i runga i te āhua o nāianei o te wai keri. Hei tauira, ka taea e tētahi huihuinga ngaronga wai i kitea e ngā huinga pūoko te whakaoho i te werohanga o ngā kaihoko ārai ngaronga tātari, pērā i ngā tāpiringa wai keri bentonite, ngā tāpiringa wai keri pāmahana teitei rānei, hei whakahoki mai i te mana ngaronga wai me te pupuri i te kounga o te poka wai.

Te Pupuri i te Matotoru Tino Pai me ngā Tawhā Ngaronga Wai hei Whakapai ake i te Haumaru

Ka mahi tahi ngā pūnaha aroturuki me te inenga aunoa ki te whakahaere i te rheology o te paru keri me te whakahaere i te ngaronga o te wai i roto i ngā taiao uaua o raro i te poka. Mā te aroturuki i te thickness wā-tūturu, mā te whakamahi i te hangarau viscometer wiri HTHP, ka whakarite kia noho tonu ngā tapahi me te whakahaere i te pēhanga porowhita, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hinga o te poka. Ka tukuna e ngā pūnaha werohanga matū aunoa mō te keri he nui tika o ngā tāpiringa ngaronga wai me ngā kaihoko whakahaere rheology, ka pupuri i te mana tātari me te ārai i te rerenga kore e hiahiatia, te ngaronga wai nui rānei.

Ngā Tāpiri Whakarei me te Tairongo ki te Taiao

Ngā Tāpiri Wai Keri Bentonite Matatau mō te Keri Puna Hōhonu Rawa

Mā te keri i roto i ngā puna hohonu rawa ka tūpono ngā wai ki ngā wero taiao tino kino, tae atu ki te pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana teitei (HPHT). He maha ngā wā ka pakaru ngā tāpiringa wai keri bentonite tuku iho, ka tūpono ka hinga te poka wai me te ngaronga o te tohanga. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau hou i te uara o ngā tāpiringa matatau pērā i ngā nanocomposites polymer (PNC), ngā hiato nanoclay, me ngā momo rerekē e hangai ana ki te koiora. Ka whakaratohia e ngā PNC te pumau wera me te whakahaere rheology pai rawa atu, he mea nui rawa atu mō te aroturuki i te matotoru o te wai keri wā-tūturu mā ngā pūnaha viscometer wiri HTHP. Hei tauira, ko te Rhizophora spp. tannin-lignosulfonate (RTLS) e whakaatu ana i te aukati i te ngaronga wai me te mate tātari whakataetae me te pupuri i ngā kōtaha hoa-taiao, e whai hua ai mō te whakahaere matū aunoa i roto i ngā otinga pumau keri me te poka wai.

Ngā Tāpiringa Taiao e Ārai Ana i te Taiao: Te Pirau Koiora me te Pono o te Puna

Ko te pumau o te hangarau wai keri e ahu mai ana i te whakamahi i ngā tāpiringa pirau-koiora e aro ana ki te taiao. Ko ngā hua pirau-koiora—tae atu ki te paura anga pīnati, te RTLS, me ngā kaihoko biopolymer pērā i te Gum Arabic me te wahie rakau—kei te whakakapi i ngā matū tuku iho, paitini. Ko ēnei tāpiringa e tuku ana i:

• Te iti o te pānga ki te taiao, e tautoko ana i te tutuki i ngā ture
• Ngā kōtaha pirau koiora kua whakarei ake, te whakaiti i te tapuwae rauropi i muri i te keri
• Te whakahaere i te ngaronga wai me te aukati i te ngaronga tātari, te whakapai ake i te rheology paru keri me te whakaiti i te kino o te hanganga.

Hei tāpiritanga, ka aro atu ngā tāpiringa pirau atamai ki ngā mea whakaoho o raro i te poka (hei tauira, te pāmahana, te pH), ka urutau i ngā āhuatanga wai hei whakapai ake i te whakahaere tātari paru keri me te pupuri i te kounga o te poka. Ko ngā tauira pēnei i te potassium sorbate, te citrate, me te bicarbonate ka whakarato i te aukati shale whai hua me te whakaiti i te paitini.

Ina aroturukitia, ina inehia hoki ngā matū nano-whakakotahi koiora-polymer mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha aunoa me te aroturuki matotoru-wā-tūturu, ka whakapai ake i te haumaru mahi me te whakaiti i te mōrearea taiao. E kitea tonutia ana e ngā rangahau whakamātautau me ngā rangahau tauira ko ngā tāpiringa taiao kua hoahoatia pai ka whakarite i te mahi hangarau me te kore e whakararu i te pirau koiora, ahakoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga HPHT. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia tutuki i ngā tāpiringa wai keri matatau ngā tono mahi me te taiao mō te keri poka tino hohonu.

Ngā Mahi Ārai mō te Whakahaere i te Paheketanga me te Pakaru

Ngā Ārai Whakaekenga Iti i roto i te Whakahaere i te Parenga Wai o te Puna

He nui ngā wero mō te keri poka tino hohonu, inā koa i roto i ngā hanganga he rerekē te pēhanga me te uku tauhohe. Ko ngā ārai whakaeke iti te otinga matua hei whakaiti i te urunga mai o te wai keri me te ārai i te whakawhiti pēhanga ki roto i ngā hanganga ngoikore.

• Hangarau Wai Whakaekenga Tino Iti (ULIFT):Kei roto i ngā wai ULIFT ngā hanganga parepare ngāwari i roto i te paru keri, e whakawhāiti ana i te urunga mai o te wai me te whakawhiti tātari. I kitea te angitu o tēnei hangarau i te Papa Monagas, Venezuela, e āhei ai te keri i roto i ngā rohe pēhanga teitei me te iti me te whakaiti i te kino o te hanganga me te whakapai ake i te pumau o te poka. He hototahi ngā hanganga ULIFT puta noa i ngā pūnaha wai, hinu, me te hangai, e whakarato ana i te tono whānui mō ngā mahi keri hou.
• Ngā Auahatanga Rauemi Nano:Ko ngā hua pēnei i te BaraHib® Nano me te BaraSeal™-957 e whakamahi ana i ngā matūriki nano hei hiri i ngā pore iti me ngā pore nano me ngā pakaru i roto i ngā hanganga uku me te kirikiri. Ka purua e ēnei matūriki ngā ara iti tae atu ki te 20 microns, ka iti ake te ngaronga o te wai, ā, ka whakarei ake i ngā mahi anga. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā arai hangarau nano te mahi pai rawa atu i roto i ngā hanganga tino tauhohe, tino hohonu, e whakawhāiti ana i te turuturu pai ake i ngā rauemi tuku iho.
• Ngā Wai Keri i runga i te Bentonite:Mā te pupuhi me te āhua o te bentonite ka āwhina i te hanga i tētahi keke paru iti te uruhanga. Ka āraihia e tēnei kohuke taiao ngā korokoro o ngā pore, ka hanga hoki i tētahi tātari ā-tinana i te taha o te poka, ka whakaitihia te urunga mai o te wai, ka whakapai ake i te whakatārewatanga o ngā tapahi, ā, ka tautoko i te pumau o te poka. Ko te bentonite tonu te wāhanga matua o ngā paru keri wai hei whakahaere i te turuturu.

Ngā Tāpiri mō te Hiri i ngā Whati i Āhuatia me ngā Whati o Mua

He mea tino nui te hiri o ngā pakaru mō ngā taiao keri tino hohonu me te pēhanga teitei i te pāmahana teitei, ina mōrearea te pumau o te poka i ngā pakaru i puta mai, i puta mai i te taiao, me ngā pakaru kua tīariari kē.

• Ngā Tāpiri Resin Ātete-Pāmahana-Teitei me te Ātete-Pēhanga-Teitei:Ko ngā pūmua hangai i hangaia hei tu atu i ngā āhuatanga tino nui o te mahi ka whakakī i ngā pakaru moroiti me ngā pakaru nui. Mā te whakatauranga rahi matūriki tika ka whakanui ake i tō rātou kaha ki te mono, me ngā mono kapia maha-wāhanga e whai hua ana ki ngā pakaru takitahi me ngā pakaru matū i roto i ngā tautuhinga taiwhanga me te mara.
• Ngā Hiri Wellbore:Ko ngā hua motuhake pēnei i te BaraSeal™-957 e aro ana ki ngā pakaru iti (20–150 µm) i roto i ngā kirikiri pakarukaru. Ka piri ēnei tāpiri ki roto i ngā ara pakaru, ka whakaiti i te wā mutu mahi, ā, ka whai wāhi nui ki te pumau o te poka whānui.
• Ngā Hangarau Whakatotoka i runga i te Gel:Ko ngā kirikiri whakakotahi hinu, tae atu ki ngā hanganga me te hinu para me te kapia epoxy, he mea hanga mō ngā pakaru nui. Ko tō rātou kaha pēhanga teitei me ngā wā matotoru ka taea te whakarerekē ka whakarato i ngā hiri pakari, ahakoa kua poke i te wai hanganga—he pai mō ngā āhuatanga tino mimiti.
• Arotautanga Matūriki me te Pūmua:Ka whakarerekētia ngā rauemi mono rangitahi pakari, ngā matūriki pīngore, me ngā mono e hangai ana ki te konupūmā mō ngā rahi pakaru rerekē mā te hoahoa whakamātautau orthogonal me te whakatauira pāngarau. Mā te tātari tohatoha rahi matūriki taiaho ka taea te whakarite tika, ka whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te pupuri pēhanga me te mono o ngā wai keri i ngā rohe pakaru.

Ngā Tikanga o ngā Tāpiringa Ngaronga Wai i roto i te Ārai i te Ngaronga Tātari

Ko ngā tāpiringa ngaronga wai mō te paru keri te tūāpapa mō te ārai i te ngaronga tātari i roto i ngā horopaki keri pāmahana teitei. He mea nui tā rātou mahi mō te pupuri i ngā āhuatanga wai keri bentonite, te rheology paru, me te pumau whānui o te poka.

• Ngā Wai Whakaoti Konupora Pūmuri:Ka tiakina e ēnei wai hangarau ngā āhuatanga rheological i roto i te keri HPHT, e tautoko ana i te whakapiringa whai hua me te whakawhāiti i te urunga mai o te wai ki roto i ngā hanganga tairongo.
• Ngā Wai Keri Whakarei ake i te Nanomaterial:Ko ngā matūriki nano pumau wera me ngā lignite kua whakarerekētia ā-taiao te hunga e whakahaere ana i te ngaronga wai i raro i ngā pēhanga me ngā pāmahana tino nui. Ko ngā arai nanostructured auaha he pai ake i ngā polymer me ngā lignite tuku iho, me te pupuri i te matotoru me ngā āhuatanga tātari e hiahiatia ana i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere teitei.
• Ngā Tāpiri Ārai-Kakahu e Hangai ana ki te Phosphorus:Ka whakamahia e ēnei tāpiringa, tae atu ki te ANAP, he chemisorb ki runga i ngā mata maitai i roto i te aho keri, ka hanga he tribofilms e whakaiti ana i te kakahu miihini me te tautoko i te pumau o te poka mō te wā roa—he mea tino tika mō te ārai i te hinganga i te wā e keri ana i te poka tino hohonu.

Aroturuki Wā-tūturu me te Inenga Tāpiri Urutau

Kei te piki haere te hiranga o te aroturukitanga matatau o te matotoru o te wai keri i te wā tūturu me ngā pūnaha werohanga matū aunoa mō te whakahaere i te ngaronga o te wai keri i ngā taiao HPHT tino hohonu.

• Ngā Pūnaha Aroturuki Wai e Hangai ana ki te FPGA:Ka whakamahia e FlowPrecision me ngā hangarau rite ngā whatunga io me ngā pūoko ngohengohe taputapu hei aroturuki tonu i te ngaronga wai i te wā tūturu. Mā te inenga rārangi me te rorohiko taha ka taea te whakatau tata tere me te tika o te rere, e tautoko ana i ngā pūnaha urupare aunoa.
• Te Ako Whakakaha (RL) mō te Inenga Wai:Ka whakarerekētia e ngā rauropi RL, pērā i te Q-learning, ngā tere horopeta tāpiri hei whakautu ki ngā urupare e peia ana e te pūoko, ka arotau i te whakahaere wai i waenga i ngā āwangawanga mahi. Mā te aunoatanga o te pūnaha horopeta matū urutau ka tino whakarei ake i te whakaiti i te ngaronga wai me te whakahaere tātari me te kore e hiahiatia he tauira pūnaha mārama.
• Ngā Huarahi Whakakotahitanga Raraunga me te Pūoko Maha:Mā te whakaurunga o ngā taputapu mau, ngā pūoko kua whakauruhia, me ngā ipu atamai ka taea te ine pakari, ā-wā tonu i ngā āhuatanga o te wai keri. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā huinga raraunga kanorau ka piki ake te pono o te ine, he mea nui mō te aukati i te ngaronga tātari me te whakahaere urutau i roto i ngā horopaki keri mōrearea nui.

Mā te whakauru i ngā hangarau ārai whakaekenga iti matatau, ngā pūnaha tāpiri kua whakaritea, me te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu, ka tutuki i ngā mahi keri poka hohonu rawa ngā wero uaua o te taiao o raro i te poka—te whakarite i te aukati whai hua i te hinganga o te poka, te whakahaere i te rheology me te matotoru, me te keri pumau, haumaru i roto i ngā puna wai tino uaua.

Te Arotau i te Mahi o te Puna Wai mā te Aroturuki me te Whakahaere Whakauru

Ko te arotau tonu i te keri poka tino hohonu me whakauru pai te aroturuki matotoru wā-tūturu, te whakahaere matū aunoa, me te whakahaere tāpiri matatau. He mea nui ēnei huānga ki ngā otinga pumau whai hua o te poka i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei (HPHT).