I roto i te hanga muka viscose, ko te pupuri i te mana tika o te pēhanga o te mīhini keri kai te mea nui ki ia wāhanga o te tukanga, mai i ngā tikanga tunu kai cellulose tae atu ki te maimoatanga cellulose kawakore. Mā te ine pēhanga ā-roto i te wā tonu ka whakarite i te kounga hua ōrite, ā, ka whakarei ake i te haumaru mahi mā te awe tika i te mahi a ngā mīhini keri kai.
I te wā o te whakapūkara o te cellulose me te kukū o te otinga NaOH mō te viscose, ka whakaratohia e ēnei taputapu he rerenga raraunga kore e mutu. Ka taea e te pēhanga nui rawa, te kore rānei e ranea te whakarerekē i te kukū NaOH, ka hua ake he putunga tioata e aukati ana i ngā raina keri me te aukati i te whakaputanga. Mā te tuku pānui pēhanga tonu, ka āwhina ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto Lonnmeter i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te kite wawe i ngā pekapeka, ka whakaiti i te wā kore utu me te tautoko i te whakahaere pēhanga keri e tiaki ana i te roa o te wā o ngā taputapu.
Te Whare Hanga Muka Matū
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He Tirohanga Whānui mō te Hanga Muka Viscose: Te Rere Tukanga me ngā Pūwāhi Whakahaere
He maha ngā mahi o te tukanga hanga muka viscose, mai i ngā tikanga tunu cellulose. I te tīmatanga, ka rumakina te penupenu cellulose—he maha ngā wā i ahu mai i te rakau, i te miro rānei—ki roto i te otinga hauwai konutai. Ko tēnei wāhanga, e mōhiotia ana ko te maimoatanga cellulose kawakore, ko te wā tēnei e tauhohe ai te cellulose ki te NaOH hei hanga cellulose kawakore. Ko tete kukū o te NaOHHe mea nui te otinga mō te hanga viscose; mā te kore tika o ngā horopeta ka rerekē te tauhohenga me te ōritetanga o te kaha o te muka. Mena ka rerekē te kukū o te hauwai konutai mai i te awhe e hiahiatia ana, ka kore e ōrite te whakapūmautanga o te cellulose, ka hua ake he muka me ngā āhuatanga kume rerekē.
I muri i te whakapūkara, ka neke te tukanga ki te horoi—te tango i te kawakawa nui—kātahi ka xanthation, te wāhi e tauhohe ai te cellulose kawakawa ki te waro disulfide hei hanga cellulose xanthate. Ka rewahia tēnei takawaenga ki roto i te hauwai konutai waimeha, ka puta he viscose dope, he otinga hurihuri me tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kounga tino pakari. I roto i ēnei mahi hanga muka viscose, he mea nui te whakahaere i te pēhanga o te mīhini keri. Ka whakaū te pēhanga pumau i ngā tauhohenga matū me te pupuri i te haumaru o te tukanga. He mahi nui te whakahaere i te whakauru mamaoa—ka whakaroa te tuku mamaoa i ngā tauhohenga i te kore e ranea, i te mea ka taea e te mamaoa nui te pakaru i ngā hiri, te whakararu i te ōritetanga o te muka, me te whakapiki i ngā utu whakahaere.
Ko te aroturuki i te ōritetanga o te otinga ehara i te mea ko te whakahaere i te kukū NaOH mō te viscose anake, engari ko te aro atu hoki ki ngā mōrearea tioata me te aukati e kitea ana i roto i te hanga muka. Ka puta te tioata mena ka kore e pai te whakahaere i te pāmahana, te kukū, te rere rānei, ka aukati i ngā paipa, i ngā roto rānei o te keri. Mā te whakamahi tika i ngā tuku pehanga ā-roto ka whakarite kia aroturukitia tonutia te pehanga o te keri. Mā ngā mita kiato ā-roto me ngā mita matotoru, pērā i ngā mea i hangaia e Lonnmeter, ka tukuna he raraunga wā-tūturu mō ngā tawhā otinga—ka āwhina i te arotau i ngā āhuatanga whakaranu, whakarewa, me te hurihuri.
Ka tāpirihia ngā tuku taumata me ngā tuku pāmahana ki tēnei huinga taputapu, e kitea ai ngā rerekētanga e tohu ana i te aukati tata i roto i te tukatuka viscose, i ngā tūmomo tukunga taiao rānei. Ka arotahi hoki ngā mahi o te tipu ki te hiri i ngā otinga ārai koroheketanga me te turuturu hiri. Ka pirau ngā hiri e pāngia ana e ngā otinga caustic, ka tūpono ka turuturu ka pā kino ki te haumaru o ngā kaimahi me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao. Ka whakatinanahia ngā wā tirotiro auau, ngā tikanga whakakapinga wā tika, me ngā pūoko kitenga turuturu hei tiaki i te pono o te tukanga.
Mā te whakamahi ngātahi o ēnei pūwāhi whakahaere me ngā taputapu ā-roto puta noa i te whakamahinga o te hauwai konutai i roto i te hanga muka ka whakarite kia pono te oma o ia wāhanga—mai i te tunu penupenu ki te miro muka. Ka āraihia e tēnei huarahi ngā pakaru utu nui, ka whakatairanga i te aukati i te tioata, ā, ka tautoko i te ōritetanga e hiahiatia ana mō te putanga muka viscose kounga teitei.
Kauwhata Tukanga Chloralkali
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Ngā Wero Tukanga Matua i Whakatikahia e ngā Otinga Ine Pēhanga ā-Rārangi
He mea nui te aroturuki me te whakahaere i te pēhanga puta noa i te tukanga whakaputa muka viscose kia eke ki te kounga hua teitei me ngā mahi whai hua. Ko te maimoatanga hauwai konutai i roto i te hanga viscose, e mōhiotia ana ko te whakapūmautanga o te cellulose, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakahaere pēhanga tika kia mau tonu te kukū otinga NaOH tino pai. Ka tukuna e ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto he urupare wā-tūturu, e āhei ai ngā kaihanga tukanga ki te mahi i te wā tonu ka kitea he peka ke. He mea nui tēnei urupare tere hei karo i ngā hapa pēnei i te koretake o te muka, te whakaiti i te hua, te kaha muka kua heke rānei ka puta mai i ngā rerekētanga pēhanga i roto i ngā mahi hanga muka viscose matua.
Ka aro atu ngā tuku pehanga ā-roto Lonnmeter ki ētahi wero mahi noa. Mā ā rātou raraunga wā-tūturu ka taea te whakahaere tere i ngā tikanga tunu cellulose, he mea nui te urunga ōrite o te NaOH ki roto i te penupenu cellulose. Mā te whakaroa i te kite i ngā nekehanga pehanga ka puta he huringa kukū ā-rohe, ka hua ake he maimoatanga cellulose kawakore koretake. Hei tauira, ki te heke ohorere te pehanga i te wā nakunaku, ko te korenga o te whakamahinga o te hauwai konutai i roto i te hanga muka ka puta he ngoikore o te hanganga muka me te aukati i ngā tauhohenga kāore i oti.
He mea tino nui te ārai i te aukati, nā te mea ka puta te tioata i roto i ngā paipa tukatuka ina piki ake ngā kukū NaOH ā-rohe, ina heke rānei te pēhanga ki waho o ngā tawhā kua whakaritea. Ka aroturuki tonu ngā tuku mita-roa i te taiao keri, ka taea ai e ngā kaiwhakahaere te wawao i mua i te arahitanga o te tioata ki ngā aukati nui. Waihoki, mā te whakahohe i te whakahaere tika o te whakauru mamaoa ki te hanga muka, ka tautokohia e rātou te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te whakahaere pāmahana tino pai, arā, ngā āhuatanga e hono tata ana ki te pupuri i te pēhanga keri tika me te ōritetanga o te kaha o te muka.
He tūmomo mōrearea tonu te tawhito me te turuturu o te hiri i roto i ngā taiao maimoatanga cellulose kawakore, ina tere ake te pirau o ngā wāhanga e ngā matū kaha. Ka tukuna e ngā raraunga pēhanga mai i ngā taputapu Lonnmeter he whakatūpato wawe mō ngā au pēhanga rerekē, e tohu ana i ngā raruraru hiri e puta ake ana. Mā te tuhi i ngā turuturu iti ka āwhina i te ārai i ngā aukati whakaputa, te ngaronga o te hua, me te tiaki kore i whakaritea, ka whakaiti i ngā utu mō te wā roa me te tiaki i te haumaru o te kaiwhakahaere.
Kua hangaia ngā tuku whakawhiti mita-roa kia pai ai te whakaurunga ki ngā pūnaha aunoa me te whakahaere o nāianei. Mā tēnei hototahi ka whakangāwari i ngā rere raraunga mō te whakatau whakatau kua whakaritea. Ina whakamahia ngātahitia me ngā mita kukū ā-roto, ngā mita kiato, ngā mita matotoru, ngā tuku whakawhiti taumata, me ngā tuku whakawhiti pāmahana, ka tautokohia e rātou te tirotiro whānui i ngā tukanga. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu te arotau i te kukū otinga NaOH mō te whakahaere pēhanga viscose me te digester, te whakarite i te ōritetanga o te hua, me te whakahaere pai i te whakamahinga pūngao—he mea nui katoa ēnei mō te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki me te whakarite i te hanga muka viscose pumau.
Ngā Wāhi Tāutanga Tino Pai me ngā Hua Whai Hua
Mā te whakanoho i ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto ki te tomokanga me te putanga o te mīhini keri NaOH ka hoatu he pikitia whānui, ā-wā tonu o ngā nekehanga pēhanga i ngā wā tunu nui o te cellulose. Mā te pānui pēhanga tika i ēnei wāhi ka taea te whakahaere tika i te kukū o te otinga NaOH mō te viscose, ka pā tika ki te maimoatanga cellulose kawakore me te tukanga whakapūmau cellulose. Mā te whakanoho i ngā tuku tata ki ngā takirere whakahaere ka āwhina i te aroturuki i te whakahaere whakauru mamaoa, he mea nui tēnei mō te arotau i ngā kōtaha pāmahana me te pupuri i te ōritetanga puta noa i ngā mahi hanga muka viscose.
Mā ngā whakaurunga ki ngā raina whakauru mamaoa me ngā wāhi e mōhiotia ana mō te whakatiotanga, te aukati rānei, ka whakatūpato wawe i ngā raruraru pea. Mā te aroturuki i ēnei rohe ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te turuturu o te hiri, ā, ka tautoko i ngā rautaki ārai i te koroheketanga o te hiri. Ka āraihia e tēnei huarahi matatau ngā raruraru noa pēnei i te aukati i te tukatuka viscose, te tohatoha NaOH koretake rānei.
Mā ngā urupare wā-tūturu mai i ngā tuku pehanga ka pumau te mana whakahaere pehanga o te mīhini keri. Mā ngā pehanga mahi pumau ka ārai i ngā pikinga ohorere, i ngā hekenga rānei ka puta ai ngā aukati ohorere. Ka whakapai ake hoki i te ōritetanga o te kaha o te muka mā te whakarite kia noho tonu te maimoatanga konutai hauwai i roto i te hanga viscose i roto i ngā tawhā whainga.
Ka whakaitihia e ngā raraunga pēhanga pono, tonu, ngā ngoikoretanga o te turuturu o te hiri, ā, ka hua ake tēnei i te rerekētanga o te whakamahinga o te hauwai konutai i roto i ngā wero hanga muka me te tiaki. Mā te aroturuki pēhanga whai hua ka tautoko i te pumau o te tukanga hanga muka viscose mā te tapahi i ngā para matū me te whakawhāiti i te wā kore mahi. I te mea ko ēnei taputapu ine matatau he mea nui mō te hanga muka viscose he utu whai hua, he kounga teitei, he pai hoki mō te taiao. Ko te tika o ngā tukunga pēhanga ka puta tika ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi, te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki, me te ōritetanga o te hua.
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQs)
P1: Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te tukanga whakaputa muka viscose e te whakahaere pēhanga o te mīhini keri wā-tūturu?
Mā te whakahaere pēhanga o te mīhini keri wā-tūturu ka mau tonu te maimoatanga hauwai konutai me te tunu cellulose i roto i ngā tawhā kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei tino tika ka whakarite kia rere tonu te tukanga whakapūmau cellulose, ka whakaitihia ngā rerekētanga ka pā kino ki te ōritetanga o te muka. Ina pumau tonu te pēhanga, ka whiwhi ia puranga cellulose i te pānga ōrite ki te NaOH, ka hua ake he kaha ake te matapae me te kaha o te muka. Ka tukuna e te hua whakamutunga he kounga pai ake nā ēnei āhuatanga kua whakahaeretia.
P2: He aha te mahi a te kukū o te otinga NaOH i roto i ngā mahi hanga muka viscose?
Ko te kukū o te otinga NaOH mō te viscose he mea nui hei whakatau i te angitu o te maimoatanga cellulose kawakore. Me whakaatu te cellulose ki tētahi kukū NaOH motuhake kia puta ai he huringa whai hua; ki te iti rawa ka hua ake he tauhohenga kāore i oti, ka waiho ngā muka kia ngoikore, kia kore e ōrite. Ka taea e te kukū nui te whakaheke i te cellulose, ka pakarukaru te muka. Ko te whakahaere kukū tika te mea nui hei pupuri i te mana kounga i roto i ia taahiraa o te hanga muka viscose, mai i te maimoatanga tuatahi ki te miro whakamutunga.
Q3: He aha ngā raruraru noa ka taea e ngā tuku pehanga ā-roto te āwhina ki te aukati i te hanga muka viscose?
He mea nui ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto mō te ārai i te tioata i roto i te hanga muka. Mā te pēhanga pumau ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te tioata NaOH, ka ārai pea i ngā paipa me te aukati utu nui i roto i te tukatuka viscose. Ka taea hoki e rātou te ārai i te koroheketanga o te hiri mā te tohu i ngā hekenga pēhanga rerekē, e tohu ana pea i te turuturu o te hiri. Ka taea te kite wawe i ngā otinga turuturu o te hiri mā te aroturuki i ēnei piki me ngā heke, te whakaiti i ngā kati kore i whakamaheretia, me te karo i te poke o te hua.
P4: He aha te hiranga o te whakahaere i te urunga o te mamaoa mō te ōritetanga o te kaha o te muka viscose?
Mā te whakahaere i te whakauru mamaoa ka whakahaere i te pāmahana me te pēhanga i roto i te mīhini keri, he mea nui ēnei e rua ki ngā tikanga tunu kai cellulose. Mēnā ka rerekē te tuku mamaoa, ka rerekē pea te pāmahana me te pēhanga, ka puta he rerekētanga i roto i te pupuhi cellulose me te hanganga muka. Mā ngā taputapu aroturuki wā-tūturu ka oati ka tutuki i ngā puranga muka te hanganga me te kaha ōrite, ka tautoko i ngā hua hua ōrite me te whakaiti i te moumou nā ngā whakaritenga kore i tutuki.
P5: Ka taea e ētahi atu taputapu tukatuka ā-roto te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te tuku pēhanga i roto i ngā tipu muka viscose?
He mahi tahi anō tā ētahi atu taputapu tukatuka ā-roto ki te aroturuki me te whakahaere i te whakamahinga o te hauwai konutai i roto i te hanga muka. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā mita kiato ā-roto, ngā mita matotoru mā te mita Lonn, ngā mita kukū, ngā tuku taumata, me ngā tuku pāmahana ka hangaia he pikitia whānui ake o te hauora o te tukanga. Hei tauira, ka manatokohia e ngā mita matotoru te kukū o ngā otinga NaOH i te wā o te whakahāngaitanga cellulose, ko ngā mita matotoru ia ka tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga rere e hiahiatia ana mō te miro pai. Ka whakarite ēnei taputapu kia rite te tukutahi o ia tawhā, kia pai ake ai te kounga muka me te whai huatanga o te tukanga.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-15-2026
