He mea nui ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto mō te hanga tongi phosphate haumaru, whai hua hoki, inā koa i roto i ngā tipu waikawa phosphoric tukatuka mākū. Ka tukuna e rātou ngā raraunga pēhanga pono, wā-tūturu i roto i ngā paipa waikawa whanariki waikura, ā, ka ātete ki te waikura, ki ngā totoka, me te ngangau me ngā hoahoa pakari, iti te tiaki. Mā te aroturuki tika ka ārai i ngā āhuatanga pēhanga morearea, ka whakaoho i ngā whakaoho, i ngā kati rānei hei whakahaere i ngā hau morearea, ā, ka karo i ngā ngaru ka kino pea ngā taputapu, ka puta rānei he tukunga. Mā te tātari matatau ka mau tonu ngā pānui ahakoa te haruru o te tukanga, ka tautoko i te rere waikawa pumau me te putanga kounga teitei.
He Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Tukanga Ahumahi Matua i roto i ngā Whare Whakatō Tongā Phosphate
Ko te tikanga whakaputa waikawa phosphoric te tikanga matua o ngā whare hanga tongi phosphate. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka konatunatua te konganuku phosphate kua hurihia kia pai ki te waikawa whanariki waimeha. Ka tukuna e tēnei tukanga waikawa te waikawa phosphoric i te wā e hanga ana i te konupūmā whanariki dihydrate (gypsum) hei hua matua. Ka haere tonu te tauhohenga i te wa e whakaeke ana te waikawa whanariki i ngā kohuke phosphate, ka tukuna te waikawa phosphoric ki roto i te wāhanga wai. Neke atu i te 95% o te toka phosphate i te United States e whāngai ana ki tēnei tikanga, e whakaatu ana i tōna tūranga hei pou tuara o te umanga mō te whakaputa hua matua pēnei i te monoammonium phosphate me ngā tongi konupūmā superphosphate.
Ko te whai huatanga o te hanga waikawa phosphoric tauine ahumahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tikanga tukatuka phosphate pakari. E tika ana kia tino pai te wehenga totoka-wai kia puta ai he hua nui o te P2O5 (phosphorus pentoxide). Me pupuri ngā tawhā tukanga pēnei i te pai o te konganuku, te pāmahana tauhohenga, me te horopeta waikawa whanariki kua whakahaeretia i roto i ngā ātete whaiti hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te huringa me te whakawhāiti i te hanganga o ngā hua taha kāore e hiahiatia. Ko te ōritetanga o ēnei mahi ka pā tika ki ngā tukanga o muri.
Te Whakahaere me te Whakahaere i te Waikawa Whāriki Whakarewa
Me tino whakahaere te whakamahinga o te waikawa whanariki waimeha i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric. Mā te ine tika me te tohatoha ōrite ka pai ake te hua o te waikawa phosphoric me te whakaiti i te konganuku kāore i tauhohe. Ki te whakahaeretia pai, ka āwhina hoki te rere o te waikawa whanariki waimeha ki te whakahaere i te tere o te maturuturunga o te gypsum. Ko te nui rawa o te aueue, te tāpiri waikawa kore taurite rānei ka arahi ki te supersaturation ā-rohe, ka puta ai te tipu tere o te tioata me te aukati pea i roto i ngā paipa, i ngā taputapu rānei.
He mea nui te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu o ngā rerenga matua hei ārai i te aukati o te poke i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric. Ka āwhina ngā pūnaha ine me te whakahaere matatau ki te aro atu ki ngā pānga pokanoa o te aueue i roto i ngā mahi tukatuka matū, ka pai ake te whakahaere i ngā hua taha. Hei tauira, mā ngā tukanga kua whakaritea pai ka whakatairanga i te hanganga o ngā tioata gypsum ka taea te tātari, ka māmā ake te wehenga totoka-wai me te whakaiti i ngā whakararuraru mahi. He mea nui tēnei aro ki te whakahaere i ngā hua taha hei pupuri i te hanga me te pupuri i te tutuki i ngā ture para.
Ngā Huarahi Whakaputa Tongi
Whai muri i te waikawatote me te tātari tuatahi, ko te waikawa phosphoric te poraka hanga mō te hanga tongi i roto i ngā tipu tongi phosphate. Me whakahaere tupato ngā matū tauhohenga mō te hanga tongi monoammonium phosphate me te calcium superphosphate. Mō te monoammonium phosphate, ka tauhohe te waikawa phosphoric tukatuka-mākū ki te haukini i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere. I roto i te tukanga calcium superphosphate, ka whakakotahihia te waikawa whanariki me te toka phosphate hei whakaputa i te ranunga tongi he nui te phosphorus wairewa.
Ko te whakahaere pai o ēnei tauhohenga me aro turuki tika i ngā rere waikawa me ngā ōwehenga totoka-wai. Mā tēnei whakahaere ka whakaitihia ngā tauhohenga taha, ka whakapai ake hoki i te kounga o te tongi. He mea nui tonu te whakahaere tika i te hua taha o te konupūmā whanariki dihydrate (gypsum); ka taea e te kohikohinga, te wehenga hē rānei te whakararu i te mahi puta noa i te tipu. Mā te arotau i ia wāhanga—mai i ngā tikanga tukatuka phosphate tuatahi ki te whakahaere hua taha—ka whakanuia e ngā tipu te putanga, ka whakaitihia te wā kore mahi, ā, ka tautoko i te tiaki roa o ā rātou taputapu.
Mā ngā rautaki wetewete me te whakaiti i te horoinga auau, me te whakapai ake i te pumau o te ine i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi, ka pai ake te arotau i te auau tiaki. Mā ēnei tikanga pai mō ngā mahi tipu tongi phosphate ka āwhina i te aukati i ngā raruraru e puta mai ana, me te pupuri i te whakahaere haumaru o ngā hau tukanga me te waikawa puta noa i te whare.
Te Whakatika i ngā Wero Whakahaere i roto i te Ine Pēhanga ā-Rāina
Te Ārai i te Parakore me te Whakararuraru i te Pōrearea
I roto i te tukanga whakaputa waikawa phosphoric, inā koa i roto i te tukanga whakaputa waikawa phosphoric makuku, ka pāngia ngā paipa e kawe ana i te waikawa whanariki waimeha me te phosphate solvent nā te nui o te poke. He maha ngā wā ka puta mai ngā matūriki kore-rewa i roto i ngā tikanga tukatuka phosphate, ka kohia, ka arahi ki te aukati hapa, katoa rānei o ngā paipa. Ko te pōrearea i puta mai i ēnei poke me te ranunga o te waikawa me te phosphate ka kino ake te piki me te heke o te pēhanga, ka hua ake he pānui kore pumau me te aukati whakaputa kore i whakaritea.
Ka kitea e ngā tuku pehanga ā-roto tino tika ngā hapa pēhanga iti i te wā tūturu, ā, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te tautuhi i te aukati paru i ngā wāhanga tōmua. He mea nui tēnei kitenga tere mō te aukati i te aukati paru i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā aukati tukanga. Mā te whakauru i ngā tuku matatau ka tautoko i te rapurongoā e pā ana ki ngā pānga pokanoa o te turbulence i roto i te tukatuka matū, ka mau tonu te pono o te ine ahakoa ngā āhuatanga rere kino.
Tongi Phosphate
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Auautanga Tiaki me te Arotautanga Horoi
Ko ngā taiao matū kino—pērā i ngā mea e kitea ana i roto i te hanga tongi monoammonium phosphate, i te hanga tongi calcium superphosphate rānei—ka tere ake te pakaru o ngā pūoko me ngā taputapu hono. Ka hua ake tēnei i ngā mahi wetewete me te horoi pinepine, ka piki ake te auau o te tiaki me ngā utu whakahaere. Ka tūpono hoki ngā kaimahi ki ngā taiao matū morearea i roto i te wawaotanga ā-ringa ki te mahi, ki te whakatikatika rānei i ngā taputapu.
Ko ngā tuku pehanga ā-roto, i hangaia mō te ātete matū me te hiri pakari, e tuku ana i ngā otinga tiaki roa mō ngā taputapu hanga waikawa phosphoric. Mā ngā raraunga pehanga pono, ā-wā tonu ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō te wetewete auau. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te arotahi ki te horoi i runga i ngā au tātaritanga, me te whakarite ki ngā rautaki wetewete auau me te whakaiti i te horoi. I roto i te wā, ka āwhina ēnei arotautanga ki te whakahaere i te auau tiaki me te tautoko i ngā mahi pai rawa atu, whai hua mō ngā mahi tipu tongi phosphate.
Te Pūmautanga o te Ine me te Whai Hua o te Tukanga
Ko te hanga waikawa phosphoric tauine ahumahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mahi pūoko pumau. Ko te ine pehanga pumau, tika hoki te mea nui ki te whakahaere pai o te tukanga waikawa i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric. Mā te hono atu ki ngā mita kukū, kiato, matotoru, taumata, me te pāmahana ā-roto—pēnei i ērā a Lonnmeter—ka taea e ngā kaituku pehanga te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te wai tukanga.
Mā tēnei taputapu whānui ka taea te tātaritanga whai hua mō te whai huatanga o te tukanga whakaputa waikawa phosphoric. Hei tauira, mā ngā rerekētanga o te pēhanga e pā ana ki ngā raraunga kukū, ki te mātotoru rānei ka kitea ngā tohu wawe o te hanganga unahi, o ngā ārai wāhanga rānei, ka akiaki i ngā wawaotanga kua whakaritea. Ka whakanui tika ēnei pūnaha whakauru i te hua, ka pupuri i te whakahaere tika o ngā hua taha o te konupūmā whanariki dihydrate gypsum, ā, ka arotau i ngā mahi whakaputa waikawa phosphoric tukanga-mākū.
Te Whakapūmau i te Haumaru mā te Whakahaere Rauemi Morearea
He mea nui te haumaru i ngā wāhanga katoa o ngā mahi matū nā te mea ka whakamahia ngā hau mura me ngā hau pahū, inā koa i ngā wā whakawhiti waikawa. Ka taea e ngā pikinga pēhanga kāore i te whakahaeretia te arahi ki te pakaru o ngā paipa, te tukunga hau morearea, tae noa ki ngā pahūtanga. Ko ngā pūoko ā-roto, inā koa ko ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto Lonnmeter, te rārangi tuatahi o te parepare ki ēnei mōrearea.
He tere te kite me ngā mahi whakaweto pono e whakaohohia ana e te whakaoho, ka tukuna tonutia e ēnei tuku hiko ngā rerekētanga pēhanga. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakahohe i ngā kawa whakaweto tonu, ka nui ake te whakapai ake i te whakahaere haumaru o ngā hau mura me ngā hau pahū i roto i ngā tipu matū. He mea nui te whakatinana i te aroturuki pakari, ā-wā tonu hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi me ngā hanganga tipu i te wā e mahi ana te tipu tongi phosphate.
Ngā Tuku Pēhanga Ā-roto Lonnmeter: Ngā Painga me ngā Otinga o te Hua
Kua hangaia ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto o te mita Lonn hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te hanga waikawa phosphoric tauine ahumahi, kia tū pakari ai ki ngā āhuatanga pakari e kitea ana i roto i ngā whare hanga tongi phosphate. Ko ō rātou hanganga pakari me te rauemi mākū he mea hanga motuhake mō te roa o te wā e pāngia ana e te waikawa whanariki waimeha, he matū noa i roto i te tukanga hanga waikawa phosphoric, ā, kia tu atu ai ki ngā huringa tukanga maha me te kore e ngaro te pumau o te ine.
Mā ngā āhuatanga tātaritanga-whaiaro kua whakauruhia, ka aroturuki tonu ēnei tuku i ō rātou ake hauora, ka tukuna he putanga mamati wā-tūturu. He mea nui tēnei āheinga mō te whakatika i ngā āhuatanga aukati paru matatau e kitea ana i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric tukatuka mākū, te wāhi e kohikohi pinepine ai te konganuku phosphate matūriki me ngā hua taha pērā i te konupūmā sulfate dihydrate (gypsum). Mā te kite tere i ēnei huihuinga aukati ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā aukati tukanga, he mea nui tēnei mō te arotau i te whai huatanga o te tukanga whānui me te pupuri i ngā mahi pai mō ngā mahi tipu tongi phosphate.
Ka tukuna e ēnei tuku inenga tika, he mea nui ina whakahaerea ngā wai tino waikura, ngā wai whakakoi rānei, e kitea ana i te wā o te tukanga waikawa i roto i ngā tikanga tukatuka phosphate. Mā ā rātou rauemi hanga matatau ka taea te tiaki i ngā taputapu nui mō te wā roa, ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō te wetewete me te horoi pinepine—he āhuatanga mamae noa e pā ana ki ngā pānga pokanoa o te turbulence i roto i te tukatuka matū. Mā tēnei whakaiti i te wawaotanga ā-ringa ka tautoko tika i te arotautanga o te auau tiaki mō ngā tipu tongi, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere katoa.
Mā te hono i ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto a Lonnmeter me ngā taputapu tautoko—pērā i te kukū ā-roto, te mātotoru, te matotoru, te taumata, me ngā pūoko pāmahana—ka hangaia he pūnaha aroturuki honohono, e whakahaerehia ana e ngā raraunga. Mā tēnei whatunga mahi tahi ka taea te kite wawe i ngā āhuatanga tukanga rerekē, pērā i ngā pikinga pēhanga, ngā huringa hanganga rānei, ka arahi pea ki ngā mōrearea haumaru, ki te whakamahinga matū koretake rānei. Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakarei ake i te aukati i te aukati poke i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric, ka whakapai ake i te tohatoha rauemi, ā, ka taea te whakahaere tika ake i ngā hua taha pērā i te gypsum, ka tautoko i te whakapai tonu i te hanga tongi konupūmā superphosphate me te monoammonium phosphate.
Mā te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu me te whakaoti rapanga whakauru, ka aro atu ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto Lonnmeter ki ngā wero ahurei o te whakamahinga waikawa whanariki waimeha i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric. Mā tā rātou whakatinanatanga ka whakatairanga i te whakahaere haumaru ake o ngā hau mura me ngā hau pahū e tūtaki ana i te wā tukatuka phosphate, ka tukuna he māramatanga mahi whai hua, ā, ka whakarite i te mahi ine pumau ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao tukatuka makuku tino uaua.
Ngā Tūnga Tāutanga me ngā Painga Whakahaere e Manakohia ana
Me tāuta rautaki ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto ki ngā wāhi matua puta noa i te tukanga whakaputa waikawa phosphoric. I roto i ngā tipu tongi phosphate, ko ēnei whakatakotoranga matua ko te raina whāngai waikawa whanariki waimeha, te mīhini whakaranu tauhohenga, me ngā rohe tukunga gypsum. Ka pāngia ia wāhi e ngā huringa tukanga rerekē—mai i te tuku whāngai pumau ki ngā tauhohenga tere me te wehenga paru uaua—e hiahia ana kia aroturukihia te pēhanga kua whakaritea, i te wā-tūturu kia pono ai te tirotiro whakaputa.
He mea nui te whakamahi anō i ngā wāhi tino mōrearea. Ko ngā wāhi e pupū ake ai te poke—pērā i ngā piko, ngā mīhini whakaranu, me ngā wāhanga paipa whaiti—he wāhi e ārai pinepine ai, inā koa i te wā e hangaia ana te waikawa phosphoric tukatuka mākū me te hanganga tongi konupūmā superphosphate. Mā te tāuta i ngā pūoko whakarara ki ēnei wāhi, ka taea e ngā tīma whakahaere te kite i ngā rerekētanga nā te aukati ā-rohe, te pokanoa rānei o te aueue, ka tino whakapai ake i te pumau o te ine ahakoa te rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga, te tīmatanga rānei o te taunga o ngā totoka.
Hei whakarei ake i te tika o te tukanga, e taunakihia ana te whakatakoto tata o ngā taputapu tautoko. Me hono ngā tuku whakawhiti mō te kukū, te mātotoru (tae atu ki ngā taputapu Lonnmeter), te matotoru, te taumata wai, me te pāmahana ki roto i te ara iahiko matū kotahi. Mā tēnei whakaritenga ka taea te whakamana i ngā tawhā maha. Hei tauira, i te wā o te tukanga waikawa i roto i te hanga tongi monoammonium phosphate, mā te whakawhitiwhiti i te pēhanga me ngā pānui kukū me te mātotoru ka āwhina i te tohu i ngā tohu wawe o te pakaru o te tukanga, te hanga poke rānei i mua i te whakamātotoru o te paru i te kirikiri, i te aukati rānei i te rere o te wai mai i te gypsum.
Mā te arotau i tēnei hoahoa aroturuki ka puta he painga whakahaere nui. Mā te whakatakotoranga whai hua me te tauutuutu ka aro tika ki te aukati i te aukati i te poke i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric, ka whakaiti i ngā rahunga i puta mai i te aueue, ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō te wetewete me te horoi pinepine. Ka heke te auau tiaki, ka āwhina i te karo i ngā aukati tukanga utu nui me te whakaroa i te roanga o te ora o ngā taputapu nui. Mā te whakamana whakauru puta noa i te pehanga, te mātotoru, me te pāmahana ka pai ake te rapurongoā matatau o te aukati poke, ka whakarite i te haumaru - ina koa kei te uru te waikawa whanariki waimeha me ngā hau pahū. Ka wheakohia e ngā tipu he iti ake ngā utu whakahaere me te whakatutuki i ngā mahi pai i roto i ngā mahi tipu tongi phosphate. Mā te tirohanga tukanga whakarei ake ka tautoko i te tiaki roa me te arotau mahi puta noa i te whakahaere hua taha konupūmā whanariki dihydrate gypsum me ngā wāhanga katoa o te hanga waikawa phosphoric tauine ahumahi.
Whakatau: Te Whakanui i te Whai Hua me te Haumaru i roto i te Hanga Waikawa Phosphoric
He mea nui te aroturukitanga pēhanga ā-roto i te wā tūturu mō ngā tipu tongi phosphate e whai ana kia whakapiki ake i te pai me te whakarite i ngā mahi haumaru i roto i te tukanga whakaputa waikawa phosphoric. Mā te tāuta i ngā tuku pēhanga matatau—tae atu ki ngā mea i hangaia, i hangaia hoki e Lonnmeter—ka taea te kohikohi raraunga tonu puta noa i te tukanga whakaputa waikawa phosphoric mākū me ngā tukanga e pā ana pērā i te whakaputa tongi phosphate monoammonium me te whakaputa tongi konupūmā superphosphate. Mā ngā pānui pēhanga tika, pumau hoki ka taea e ngā tīma whakahaere tukanga te urupare wawe ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē, inā koa ko ngā mea e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o te waikawa whanariki waimeha i roto i te acidolysis, i te wā rānei e whakahaere ana i ngā hau mura me ngā hau pahū.
He mahi nui tā ngā tuku pehanga ā-roto o te mita Lonn hei whakapai ake i te auau tiaki me te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi. Mā te tuku raraunga pono, tino kounga teitei, ka tautokohia e ēnei tuku ngā rautaki e whakaiti ana i te hiahia mō te wetewete me te horoi pinepine, ahakoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga e pāngia ana e te poke, te pokanoa o te aueue, me te tauine mai i ngā hua taha o te konupūmā whanariki dihydrate gypsum. Ko te pumau ine puta noa i te taiao whakaputa waikawa phosphoric tauine ahumahi ka whai wāhi ki te whakapai ake i te roa o te ora me te mahi o ngā taputapu.
Mā te whakauru i ngā pūoko pēhanga wā-tūturu ki roto tonu i ngā wāhi nui o te paipa ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te pupuri i te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru me ngā whakaritenga ture. Ka tiakina ngā kaimahi o te whare mā roto i ngā āheinga kimi me te urupare tika—he mea nui tēnei ina mahi ana me ngā rauemi morearea, tino waikura rānei. Mā te piri ki ngā tikanga pai i te wā e tukatuka ana i te phosphate ore me te aroturuki tukanga, ehara i te mea ka whakangāwari noa i te mahi engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te whakamahere tiaki mō te wā roa mō ngā taputapu nui.
Hei whakamutunga, mā te whakamahi i ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto Lonnmeter matatau puta noa i te tukanga waikawa ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te rapu huarahi mō te ārai i te aukati poke. Ka whakarite i te mahi pumau ahakoa te pōrearea, ka tautoko i te kounga hua pumau, ā, ka taea e ngā tipu tongi phosphate te whakanui ake i te tere whakaputa me te kore e whakararu i te haumaru, i te pono rānei o te tukanga.
Ngā Pātai Auau
1. Me pēhea te whakapai ake a te aroturukitanga pēhanga wā-tūturu i te aukati i te aukati paru i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric?
Mā te aroturukitanga pēhanga wā-tūturu ka kitea tonutia ngā āhuatanga pēhanga i roto i ngā paipa waikawa whanariki waimeha i te wā e hangaia ana te waikawa phosphoric. Ko ngā pikinga, ngā hekenga rānei o te pēhanga e tohu ana i te kohikohinga wawe o ngā poke pēnei i te paru phosphate, i ngā tioata gypsum rānei, e puta ai te whakararuraru, ā, he mea noa hei ārai i te waimeha. Mā te arotake i ngā raraunga pēhanga tonu, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te kite i ēnei hapa i te wā tōmua, ka tere te wawao ki te horoi, ki te rongoā matū rānei i ngā wāhanga e pāngia ana. Mā tēnei huarahi arotahi ka ārai i ngā aukatinga nui ake, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te kati o te tipu, ā, ka whakahaere i te whakahaere poke ki te whakataurite ki ngā tirotiro ā-ringa ā-wā, kāore i te tino aro. Hei tauira, ko te pikinga ohorere o te pēhanga i mua i te takirere whakahaere he tohu i te putunga e puta ake ana, ka whakaoho i te mahi whakahaere tonu hei ārai i te aukatinga o te konupūmā whanariki dihydrate (gypsum).
2. He aha te hiranga o te pumau o te tuku pēhanga ā-roto i roto i ngā paipa waikawa whanariki waimeha?
He mea nui ngā pānui pēhanga ā-roto pumau mō te ine tika o te waikawa me te whakahaere i te tere tauhohenga i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric tauine ahumahi. Mā te kore pumau o te ine pēhanga ka iti, ka nui rawa rānei te whāngai waikawa, ka hua ake te waikawa ngoikore, te tukatuka koretake o te phosphate ore, te kore rānei e tika te whakaputanga o te tongi monoammonium phosphate me te calcium superphosphate. Ka taea hoki e ngā kore pumau te whakararu i te haumaru o te tukanga; tērā pea kāore e kitea ngā rerekētanga tae noa ki te puta o ngā turuturu, te ngenge rānei o ngā taputapu. Nō reira, ko te pupuri i te ine pēhanga pumau he mea nui ki te whai huatanga o te tukanga, te whakaiti i te kakahu matū, te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu, me te whakahaere haumaru i ngā hau mura me ngā hau pahū i roto i ngā tipu matū.
3. Ka taea e te ine pēhanga ā-roto te whakaiti i te auau tiaki i roto i ngā tipu tongi phosphate?
Ka tautokohia e ngā tuku pehanga ā-roto tika, pono hoki te arotau i te auau tiaki mā te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā mahi wetewete me te horoi auau. Ka taea e rātou ngā rautaki tiaki matapae i runga i ngā raraunga mahi tūturu kaua ki ngā wātaka pumau. Hei tauira, ina noho tonu ngā pānui pehanga i roto i ngā awhe noa, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakaroa i ngā tirotiro whakararuraru, ka whakaiti i te wā kore mahi me te pānga koretake ki ngā taiao waikawa kino. He mea tino nui tēnei mō ngā tipu tongi phosphate e rapu ana i te tiaki roa o ngā taputapu whakaputa waikawa phosphoric, nā te mea ka whakawhāitihia ngā utu me te whakararuraru mai i te horoi ā-ringa noa.
4. Kei hea te wāhi tika hei tāuta i ngā tuku pēhanga ā-roto i roto i ngā paipa waikawa whanariki?
Me whiriwhiri ngā wāhi tāutanga mō ngā tuku pehanga ā-roto me te arotahi ki te hiranga o te tukanga me te mōrearea o te aukati. Ko ngā wāhi matua ko ngā wāhi whāngai me ngā wāhi tukunga paipa—te wāhi e tika ana kia nekehia te kukū—me ngā rohe tata ki te aueue nui e tere ake ai te maturuturunga o te poke. Mā te whakanoho i ngā tuku i mua me muri i ngā takirere whakahaere nui ka taea te aroturuki i te rerekētanga pehanga, kia taea ai te kimi i ngā aukati e whanake ana, te kite rānei i te rere rerekē i puta mai i te hanganga gypsum i te wā tōmua. Mā ēnei mahi pai mō ngā mahi a te tipu tongi phosphate ka āwhina i te pupuri tonu i te tirotiro i te whai huatanga me te haumaru o te tukanga.
5. Ko ēhea atu taputapu ā-roto hei hoa mō ngā tuku pēhanga i roto i te hanga waikawa phosphoric tukatuka-mākū?
Mā te huarahi taputapu whānui e whakakotahi ngā tuku pehanga me ngā pūoko kukū, te mātotoru, te matotoru, te taumata, me te pāmahana. Mā tēnei whakaritenga maha-tawhā ka whakarei ake i te whakahaere tukanga, ka taea ai te whakarerekē tika i ia wāhanga—pēnei i te whakahaere pakari i te wā e hoatu ana te waikawa, te aroturuki wā-tūturu rānei i te whakahaere hua taha konupūmā whanariki dihydrate. Hei tauira, mā ngā mita matotoru me te matotoru o Lonnmeter ka whakaratohia ngā raraunga matua mō te ōritetanga o te paru, hei tāpiri i ngā au pehanga mō te rapurongoā matatau o te aukati paru. Ina whakamahia ngātahi, ka hangaia e ēnei taputapu he pūnaha whānui e whakanui ana i te pono o te tukanga, te haumaru whakahaere, me te whakaputa tongi monoammonium phosphate hua nui.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-14-2026
