Ko te ngako o te tango parahi ko te whakamahi i tētahi kai tango (pērā i te waikawa, te kawakore, te wai tote rānei) hei tauhohe matū ki ngā kohuke parahi i roto i te konganuku (pērā i te malachite i roto i ngā konganuku waikura me te chalcopyrite i roto i ngā konganuku whanariki) hei huri i te parahi totoka hei katote parahi wairewa-wai (Cu²⁺), ka hanga he "wairewa" (he wairewa kei roto he parahi). Muri iho, ka tangohia te parahi parakore (pērā i te parahi hiko) mai i te wairewa mā te tango, te whakanoho hiko, te whakatōtō rānei.
Te arotautanga o te ao houte tukanga hydrometallurgy parahie whakawhirinaki ana ki te ine tika, i te wā tūturu, o ngā taurangi tukanga. I roto i ēnei, ko te whakatau ipurangi i te kiato i roto i ngā paru wairewa te mea tino nui pea hei pūwāhi whakahaere hangarau, e mahi ana hei hononga tika i waenga i te rerekētanga o ngā rauemi mata me te mahi whakahaere i muri mai.
Te Tukanga Matua oCopperHte hangarau whakarewa-wai
Ko te whakahaerenga o te mahi whakarewa parahi he mea hanga pūnaha ki ngā wāhanga motuhake e whā, e whakawhirinaki ana tetahi ki tetahi, kia pai ai te tuku me te whakaora i te konganuku e hiahiatia ana mai i ngā momo tinana kohuke rerekē.
Te Maimoatanga-mua me te Whakawāteatanga o te Kore
Ko te wāhanga tuatahi e aro ana ki te whakanui ake i te urunga atu o ngā kohuke parahi ki te waikura. Ko te tikanga, ko te kuru me te huri i ngā konganuku ki te mīhini hei whakanui ake i te horahanga mata motuhake o te konganuku. Mō ngā rauemi waikura iti te kounga, matotoru rānei e tika ana mō te tukanga tango puranga parahi, he iti noa iho te kuru. He mea nui, mēnā he sulfidic te nuinga o te rauemi kai (hei tauira, te chalcopyrite, CuFeS 2 ), me whai pea he taahiraa tunu-mua, he taahiraa waikura rānei. Mā tēnei "tunu waikura" ka huri i ngā sulfides parahi uaua (pērā i te CuS) hei waikura parahi (CuO) e kore e tino kaha te mahi matū, ka tino whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te tukanga tango parahi i raro iho.
Te Wāhanga Whakarewa (Te Whakakorenga o ngā Kohuke)
Ko te wāhanga tātā te tohu o te huringa matū matua. Ka whakapā atu te konganuku kua tukatukahia ki te kaihopu tātā (lixiviant), he otinga waikawa i te nuinga o te wā, i raro i ngā tikanga whakahaere o te pāmahana me te pH hei whakarewa i ngā kohuke parahi. Ko te whiriwhiri i te tikanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te taumata o te konganuku me te āhua o ngā kohuke:
Te Whakarewa Puranga:E whakamahia ana mō ngā konganuku iti te kounga me ngā toka para. Ka whakatakotoria te konganuku kuru ki runga i ngā papa kore e uru, ā, ka rehuhia te lixiviant ki runga i te puranga. Ka mimiti te wai ki raro, ka whakarewa i te parahi, ā, ka kohia ki raro.
Te Whakarewa i te Tāke (Te Whakarewa i te Whakaohooho):Kua rāhuitia mō ngā konganuku kounga teitei, ngā konganuku huri pai rānei. Ka tino whakaohokia te konganuku wehe pai me te lixiviant i roto i ngā oko tauhohenga nui, e whakarato ana i te nekehanga whakawhiti papatipu pai rawa atu me te whakahaere tukanga pakari ake.
Te Whakarewatanga i Roto i te Tūnga:He tikanga kore-tangohanga e werohia tika ai te waikura ki roto i te tinana kohuke o raro whenua. Mā tēnei tikanga ka whakaitihia te raruraru o te mata engari me whai urunga tūturu te tinana kohuke.
Te Whakama me te Whakarei i te Otinga Reti
Kei roto i te Otinga Whakarewa Hapūtanga (PLS) te hua o ngā katote parahi kua rewa me ngā poke kāore e hiahiatia, tae atu ki te rino, te konumohe, me te konupūmā. Ko ngā mahi matua mō te purenga me te whakatōtō i te parahi ko:
Te Tango i te Parakore: He maha ngā wā ka tutuki mā te whakarerekē i te pH hei whakapūpū me te wehe i ngā huānga whakararuraru.
Tangohanga Whakarewa (SX): He taahiraa wehenga nui tēnei e whakamahia ai he tangohanga matū tino whiriwhiri hei whakakotahi matū i ngā katote parahi mai i te PLS wai ki roto i te wāhanga matū, hei wehe i te parahi mai i ētahi atu poke whakarewa. Kātahi ka "tangohia" te parahi mai i te wāhanga matū mā te whakamahi i te otinga waikawa kukū, ka puta he "Irahiko Parahi Whaitake" (te otinga rīpene rānei) tino kukū, parakore hoki e tika ana mō te wini hiko.
Te Whakaora Parahi me te Hanga Katote
Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga ko te whakaora i te parahi whakarewa parakore mai i te electrolyte kukū:
Te Whakarewa Hiko (EW): Ka whakaurua te irahiko parahi momona ki roto i te pūtau hikohiko. Ka tukuna he iahiko hiko i waenga i ngā anode kore mahi (he koranu mata te nuinga) me ngā cathode (he maha ngā rau tīmatanga kowiri tira). Ka whakaitihia ngā katote parahi (Cu 2+) ka whakatakotoria ki runga i te mata o te cathode, ka puta he hua parahi hydrometallurgy tino parakore, e neke atu ana i te 99.95% te parakore—e mōhiotia ana ko te parahi cathode.
Ngā Tikanga Rerekē: Kāore i te tino kitea mō te hua whakamutunga, ka taea te whakamahi i te matū whakapūmau (hei tauira, te whakapiringa mā te whakamahi i te para rino) hei whakaora i te paura parahi, ahakoa he iti ake te parakore e puta mai ana.
Ngā Mahio te Ine i te Matotoru i roto i te Tukanga Hydrometallurgy Parahi
Ko te rerekētanga ā-roto o ngā konganuku parahi e hiahia ana kia urutau tonu ki ngā tawhā whakahaere o ngā mea e ruate tukanga horoi parahime ngā wāhanga tango whakarewa (SX) i muri mai. Ko ngā tikanga whakahaere tuku iho, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tauira taiwhanga auau-iti, ka whakauru i tētahi taumata whakaroa e kore e whakaaetia, ka kore ai e whai hua ngā rauropi whakahaere hihiri me ngā tauira Whakahaere Tukanga Matatau (APC). Mā te whakawhiti ki te ine kiato ipurangi ka whakaratohia he rerenga raraunga tonu, ka taea ai e ngā kaihanga tukanga te tatau i te rere papatipu wā-tūturu me te whakarerekē i te horopeta matū e rite ana ki te kawenga papatipu totoka tūturu.
Te Tautuhi i te Ine i te Kiato Ipurangi: Te Ihirangi Totoka me te Kiato o te Penupenu
Ko te mahi a ngā mita mātotoru ā-roto mā te ine i te tawhā ā-tinana o te mātotoru (ρ), ka hurihia hei waeine hangarau mahi pēnei i te ōrau papatipu totoka (%w) te kukū rānei (g/L). Hei whakarite kia rite, kia ōrite hoki ēnei raraunga wā-tūturu puta noa i ngā āhuatanga wera rerekē, me whakauru pinepine te ine i te whakatikatika pāmahana i te wā kotahi (Temp Comp). Ka whakatikahia e tēnei āhuatanga nui te uara i inehia ki tētahi āhuatanga tohutoro paerewa (hei tauira, 0.997g/ml mō te wai parakore i te 20∘C), me te whakarite kia whakaatahia ngā huringa o te pānui i ngā huringa tūturu o te kukū totoka, o te hanganga rānei, kaua ko te whakawhānui wera noa iho.
Ngā Wero e Pūmau ana ki te Ine i te Parapara Reke
Te taiao ote hangarau whakarewa parahiHe tino uaua ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu nā te kaha o te wai rēteke.
Te Waikura me te Taumahatanga Rauemi
Ngā rauemi matū e whakamahia ana i roto ite tukanga horoi parahi, inā koa ko te waikawa whanariki kukū (ka neke atu i te 2.5mol/L) me te pāmahana whakahaere teitei (i ētahi wā ka eke ki te 55∘C), ka pāngia ngā rauemi pūoko e te ahotea matū nui. Me whiriwhiri wawe ngā rauemi e ātete ana ki te whakaeke matū, pērā i te maitai kore waikura 316 (SS) me ngā koranu pai ake rānei, ki te kore e tohua ngā rauemi tika. Ki te kore e tohua ngā rauemi tika, ka tere te pakaru o te pūoko, ka pakaru wawe hoki.
Te Whakakā me te Horo
Ko ngā wāhanga totoka teitei, inā koa i roto i ngā awa e whakahaere ana i ngā toenga wai, i te rerenga wai matotoru rānei, he matūriki gangue mārō, koki. Ka puta he pakaru nui o ngā wāhanga pūoko kua mākū, kua uru atu i roto i ēnei matūriki. Ka puta he nekenekehanga ine, he pakaru rānei o te taputapu nā te pakaru tonu o tēnei pakaru, ā, me mahi tonu, me utu nui hoki ngā mahi tiaki.
Te Uauatanga Rheological me te Whakakino
Te tukanga horoi o te parahiHe maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia e ngā paru he whanonga rheological uaua. Ko ngā paru matotoru (ko ētahi pūoko marau wiri ka herea ki te <2000CP) he nui rānei ngā matū paru, he matū tauine rānei, me tāutanga miihini motuhake hei whakarite i te pa tonu me te pumau. Ko ngā taunakitanga he maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia he flange ki roto i ngā tāke rokiroki whakaohooho, i ngā awa paipa poutū rānei hei ārai i ngā totoka e tau ana, e piri rānei ki te wāhanga pūoko.
Pūtake Hangarau o te Inline DensityAungā ters
Ko te whiriwhiri i te hangarau ine kiato e tika ana he mea nui hei whakatutuki i te tika me te pono mō te wā roa i roto i te taiao kino matū me te tinana o te whenua.te hanga whakarewa wai o te parahi.
Ngā Mātāpono Mahi mō te Ine i te Parapara
Hangarau Wiri (Marau Whakatū)
Ngā ine densito wiri, pērā i te Lonnmeter CMLONN600-4, e mahi ana i runga i te mātāpono e pā ana te mātotoru o te wai ki te auau ā-pūoro o te huānga wiri (he marau whakarārangi) e rumakina ana ki roto i te reo. Ka taea e ēnei taputapu te whakatutuki i te tino tika, me ngā whakaritenga e whakaatu ana i te tika ki te 0.003g/cm3 me te taumira o te 0.001. Nā taua tino tika ka tino pai mō te aroturuki i ngā kukū matū, i ngā tono paru iti-matatini rānei. Heoi, nā te hoahoa urutomo ka ngawari te kakahu, ā, me piri tonu ki te tāutanga, inā koa mō ngā rohe matatini mōrahi (hei tauira, <2000CP) i te wā e whakahaere ana i ngā wai matatini, wai taunga rānei.
Te Ine i te Irahiko
Ko te ine i te mātotoru irahiko he tikanga kore-pā e whakamahi ana i te whakaiti i te hihi-kama. He painga rautaki nui tēnei hangarau mō ngā tono paru nui. Nā te mea kua piri ngā wāhanga pūoko ki waho ki te paipa, he ātete te tikanga ki ngā mamae ā-tinana o te pakū, te horo, me te waikura matū. Ko te hua o tēnei āhuatanga he otinga kore-whakaeke, kore-tiaki e tuku ana i te pono mō te wā roa i roto i ngā awa tukanga tino kino.
Coriolis me te Inenga Densito Ultrasonic
Ka taea e ngā mita rere Coriolis te ine i te rere o te papatipu, te pāmahana, me te mātotoru i te wā kotahi me te tino tika. Ko tā rātou ine tino tika, e ahu mai ana i te papatipu, he maha ngā wā ka rāhuitia mō ngā awa matū totoka iti te uara, ngā koropiko karo tika rānei, nā te utu me te mōrearea o te memeha o te ngongo i roto i ngā awa whāngai tino koi. Waihoki,ngā mita mātotoru ultrasonic, e whakamahi ana i te ine i te aukati oro, e tuku ana i tētahi kōwhiringa pakari, kāore i te karihi. He mea hanga motuhake mō ngā paru kohuke, e whakamahi ana ēnei taputapu i ngā pūoko ātete-paowa, e whakarato ana i te aroturukitanga pono o te kiato ahakoa i raro i ngā kawenga kiato teitei i roto i ngā paipa whānui. Ka angitu tēnei hangarau ki te whakaiti i ngā āwangawanga haumaru me ngā ture e pā ana ki ngā ine karihi.
Paearu Kōwhiri Pūoko mō ngā Taiao Tukanga Whakarewa Parahi
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taputapu mō ngā awa kaha e āhua ana kite hangarau whakarewa parahi, me whakatairanga te tikanga whakatau i te haumaru mahi me te wātea o te tipu i ngā whakapainga iti o te tika tino. Ko ngā taputapu whakauru, tino tika (Coriolis, Vibrational) me whakawhāiti ki ngā awa kore-whakakoi, ngāwari rānei te wehe, pērā i te hanganga matū, te ranunga matū rānei, ina tika te mōrearea o te kakahu me te wā kore pea e mutu. I tetahi atu taha, mō ngā awa morearea, tino-whakakoi pērā i te rerenga matotoru, he pai ake ngā hangarau kore-whakakoi (Radiometric, Ultrasonic rānei). Ahakoa he iti ake te tika tino, ko tō rātou āhua kore-pa ka whakarite kia nui ake te wātea o te tipu me te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga whakahaere (OpEx) e pā ana ki te tiaki, he āhuatanga e nui ake ana te uara ōhanga i te utu o te ine iti ake te tika, engari he pumau. Nō reira, he mea nui te hototahi rauemi: e taunaki ana ngā aratohu ātete waikura i ngā Nickel Alloys mō te mahi pai ake i roto i ngā tono waikura kino, e hipa ana i te paerewa 316 SS e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taiao iti ake te whakakoi.
Ripanga 1: Tātaritanga Whakataurite o ngā Hangarau Ine Matotoru Ipurangi mō te Parai Parahi
| Hangarau | Te Mātāpono Ine | Te Whakahaere i ngā Mea Whakakorikori/Me ngā Mea Totoka | Te Whai Hua o ngā Pāpāho Waikura | Te Tika Noa (g/cm3) | Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o te Taupānga |
| Ine Reo Irirangi (Hira Gamma) | Te Whakaiti i te Irahiko (Kāore e pokanoa) | Tino pai (Waho) | Tino pai (pūoko o waho) | 0.001−0.005 | Whakamātotoru Rere o raro, Ngā Paipa Tino Kaha, Paraihe Matotoru Teitei |
| Wiri (Mārau Whakatū) | Auautanga Āhuatanga (Iraira Mākū) | Tika (Rauemi urutomo) | Pai (Kei te whakawhirinaki ki ngā rauemi, hei tauira, 316 SS) | 0.003 | Te Inenga Matū, Whāngai Totoka-Iti, Matotoru <2000CP |
| Kōriori | Rere Papatipu/Inertia (Ngongo Mākū) | Āhua Pai (Tūponotanga o te horo/te ārai) | Tino pai (Kei te whakawhirinaki ki ngā rauemi) | Teitei (I ahu mai i te papatipu) | Te Inenga Tauhohenga Uara-Tiketike, Te Rere Āpiti, Te Aroturuki Kukū |
| Ultrasonic (Āraitanga Oro) | Tuku Tohu Oro (Makuku/Whakapiripiri) | Tino pai (ngā pūoko ātete-mōhinuhinu) | Pai (Kei te whakawhirinaki ki ngā rauemi) | 0.005−0.010 | Te Whakahaere i ngā Para, te Whāngai Para (Manakohanga Kore-Karahipi)
|
Te Arotau i te Wehenga Totoka-Wai (Te Whakamātotoru me te Tātari)
He mea nui te ine i te mātotoru hei whakanui ake i te kaha whakaputa me te whakaora wai i roto i ngā wae wehenga totoka-wai, inā koa ngā whakamātotoru me ngā tātari.
Te Whakahaere Matotoru i roto i te Rere Whakamātotoru: Te Ārai i te Taikaha Nui me te Mono
Ko te whāinga matua o te whakamātotorutanga ko te whakatutuki i te kiato rere raro (UFD) pumau, teitei, me te aro tonu ki te nui o ngā totoka neke atu i te 60%. He mea nui te whakatutuki i tēnei pumau, ehara i te mea mō te whakanui ake i te hangarua wai ki roto i te wai anake.te tukanga hydrometallurgy parahiengari mō te tuku i tētahi rere papatipu ōrite ki ngā mahi o raro. Heoi, he mōrearea te āhua o te rewharewha: mā te whakanui ake i te UFD ka tere te whakanui ake i te ahotea hua o te paru. Ki te kore he urupare mātotoru tika, ā-wā-tūturu, ka taea e ngā ngana ki te eke ki te whāinga mātotoru mā te papu kaha te pana i te paru ki tua atu i tōna rohe kirihou, ka hua ake he taipana rake nui, he rahunga miihini pea, me ngā aukati paipa nui. Mā te whakatinanatanga o te Mana Matapae Tauira (MPC) e whakamahi ana i te ine UFD ā-wā-tūturu ka taea te whakarerekētanga hihiri o te tere papu rere raro, ka hua ake he hua kua tuhia, tae atu ki te whakaiti i te 65% i te hiahia mō te hurihanga anō me te whakaiti i te 24% i te rerekētanga mātotoru.
He mea nui te mārama ki te whanaungatanga o te UFD me te mahi Tangohanga Whakarewa (SX). Ko te rere o raro o te whakamātotoru e tohu ana i te awa whāngai Otinga Waipiro (PLS), ka tukuna ki te ara iahiko SX. Ko te kore pumau i roto i te UFD ko te whakaurunga koretake o ngā totoka pai ki roto i te PLS. Ko te whakaurunga totoka ka whakararu tika i te tukanga whakawhiti papatipu SX uaua, ka puta te hanganga paru, te wehenga wāhanga ngoikore, me te ngaronga utu nui o te tangohanga. Nō reira, ko te whakapūmau i te mātotoru i roto i te whakamātotoru e mohiotia ana he taahiraa whakatikatika-mua e tika ana hei pupuri i te whāngai parakore teitei e hiahiatia ana e te ara iahiko SX, ā, hei pupuri i te kounga katote whakamutunga.
Te Whakapai Ake i te Whai Hua o te Tātari me te Whakakore Wai
Ko ngā pūnaha tātari, pērā i ngā tātari korehau, ngā tātari pēhanga rānei, ka mahi i te tino pai o te mahi ina tino ōrite te mātotoru whāngai. Ko ngā piki me ngā heke o te ihirangi totoka ka puta he hanganga keke tātari kāore i te ōrite, he matapo wawe i ngā pāpāho, me te rerekētanga o te ihirangi makuku keke, e hiahia ana kia maha ngā huringa horoi. E whakaū ana ngā rangahau he tino pāngia te mahi tātari e te ihirangi totoka. Ko te pumau o te tukanga pūnaha e tutukihia ana mā te aroturukitanga mātotoru tonu ka hua ake he pai ake te pai o te tātari me ngā inenga pumau, tae atu ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai e pā ana ki te horoi tātari me te iti o ngā utu e pā ana ki te wā kore mahi.
Te Whakahaere Tauhohenga me te Whakaiti Utu i roto i te Tukanga Whakarewa Parahi
Mā te arotautanga o ngā matū matū, e āwhinahia ana e te whakahaere PD hihiri, ka taea te whakaiti wawe me te ine i ngā utu whakahaere.
Te Whakahaere Tika o te Kukū Waikawa i roto i te Tukanga Whakarewa Puranga Parahi
I roto i te horoinga whakaohooho me tete tukanga tango i te puranga parahi, he mea nui te pupuri i te kukū matū tika o ngā kaihoko horoi (hei tauira, te waikawa whanariki, ngā kaihoko whakakōkī rino) mō te tere tere o te whakarewanga kohuke. Mō ngā awa matū kukū, ka whakaratohia e ngā mita kiato ā-roto he ine kukū tino tika, he mea whakatikatika pāmahana. Mā tēnei āheinga ka taea e te pūnaha whakahaere te ine hihiri i te nui o te matū e hiahiatia ana. Ka neke atu tēnei huarahi matatau i te inenga tikanga, ā-pūmau, ā-rerenga, e hua ake ai te whakamahinga nui o ngā matū me te pikinga o te OpEx. He mārama te pānga pūtea: he tino aro te hua o te tipu hydrometallurgical ki ngā rerekētanga o te whai huatanga o te tukanga me te utu o ngā rauemi mata, e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mō te inenga tika e taea ai e te kiato.
Te Arotau i te Whakapūtanga o te Flocculant mā te Urupare Kukū o ngā Mea Totoka
He utu nui te whakamahinga o te wai whakapūkara i roto i te wehenga totoka-wai. Ko te horopeta pai rawa atu o te matū e whakawhirinaki tika ana ki te papatipu tere o ngā totoka e hiahia ana kia whakakotahihia. Mā te ine tonu i te kiato o te awa whāngai, ka tatau te pūnaha whakahaere i te rere o te papatipu tere o ngā totoka. Kātahi ka whakatikatikahia te werohanga wai whakapūkara hei ōwehenga ōrite ki te papatipu totoka, kia tutuki ai te whakapūkara pai ahakoa te rerekētanga o te putanga whāngai, te taumata o te konganuku rānei. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te iti o te horopeta (e arahi ana ki te taunga ngoikore) me te nui rawa o te horopeta (te moumou matū utu nui). Kua hua mai i te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere kiato pumau mā te MPC ngā hokinga pūtea ka taea te ine, me ngā penapena kua tuhia tae atu ki te9.32% te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te flocculantme te mea e rite ana6.55% te whakaiti i te kai raima(e whakamahia ana mō te whakahaere pH). I te mea ka taea e ngā utu tātā me ngā utu mimiti/whakarewa te whai wāhi ki te 6% ki te katoa o ngā whakapaunga whakahaere, ka whakapiki tika, ka nui hoki te hua o ēnei penapena.
Ripanga 2: Ngā Pūwāhi Whakahaere Tukanga Hira me ngā Inenga Arotau Kiato i roto iTe Hangarau Waiwhakarewa Parahi
| Wāhanga Tukanga | Pūwāhi Ine Matotoru | Taurangi Whakahaere | Whāinga Arotau | Tohu Mahi Matua (KPI) | Ngā Penapena kua Whakamātauria |
| Te Tukanga Whakarewa Parahi | Ngā Tauhohenga Whakarewa (Kōmato Paruparu) | Ōwehenga Totoka/Wai (PD) | Arotauhia te tere o te tauhohenga; whakanuia te tangohanga | Te tere whakaora parahi; Te whakamahinga matū motuhake (kg/t Cu) | Te pikinga o te tere horoi tae atu ki te 44% mā te pupuri i te PD tino pai |
| Wehenga Totoka-Wai (Ngā Whakamātotoru) | Tukunga Rere I raro | Te Kīanga Rere o raro (UFD) me te Rere Papatipu | Whakanuia te whakaora wai; whakaū i te whāngai ki te awaawa o te SX/EW | UFD % Ngā Mea Totoka; Te Auau Whakahoki Wai; Te Pūmautanga o te Taipana Rake | I whakaitihia te whakamahinga o te flocculant mā te 9.32%; I whakaitihia te rerekētanga UFD mā te 24% |
| Te Whakarite i te Kaiwhakaora | Meke Waikawa/Meke Whakarewa | Te kukū (%w, g/L rānei) | Te ine tika; whakaitihia te whakamahinga nui o ngā matū | Te nui rawa o te horomanga o te matū tauhohenga %; Te pumau o te matū o te otinga | Te whakaiti i te OpEx matū mā te whakahaere ōwehenga hihiri |
| Te Whakakore/Te Tātari | Te Kīanga Whāngai Tātari | Utaina ngā mea totoka ki te tātari | Whakapūmau i te tere o te mahi; whakaitihia te tiaki | Te Wā Huringa Tātari; Te Ihirangi Makuku o te Keke; Te Whai Hua o te Tātari | Te whakaiti i ngā utu e pā ana ki te horoi tātari me te wā kore mahi |
Te Aroturukitanga Tauhohenga me te Pūwāhi Mutunga
He mea nui te urupare mātotoru hei pupuri i ngā āhuatanga stoichiometric tika e tika ana hei akiaki i te whakarewatanga me te hurihanga whakarewa pai puta noa i tete tukanga hydrometallurgy parahi.
Te Aroturukitanga Wā-tūturu o te Kiato o te Pulp (PD) me te Leach Kinetics
Ko te ōwehenga totoka-wai (PD) he mea hono nui ki te kukū o ngā momo konganuku rewa me te tere o te kai o te matū rewa. Mā te whakahaere tika i tēnei ōwehenga ka whakarite kia nui te hononga i waenga i te wai whakapūkara me te mata o te kohuke. E whakaatu kaha ana ngā raraunga whakahaere he mea nui te PD hei whakahaere, ehara i te mea he tawhā aroturuki noa iho. He nui ngā pānga o ngā peka mai i te ōwehenga tino pai ki te hua tango. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā tautuhinga taiwhanga, ko te korenga e pupuri i te ōwehenga totoka-wai tino pai o te 0.05g/mL i hua ake ai te hekenga tere o te whakaora parahi mai i te 99.47% ki te 55.30%.
Te Whakatinana i ngā Rautaki Whakahaere Matatau
Ka whakamahia te mātotoru hei taurangi āhua tuatahi i roto i te Mana Matapae Tauira (MPC) o ngā ara iahiko horoi me te wehenga. He pai te MPC mō ngā tukanga hihiri o tete hanga whakarewa wai o te parahi, nā te mea he pai te whakahaere i ngā whakaroa roa me ngā taunekeneke kore-raina kei roto i te pūnaha para. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia arotau tonutia ngā tere rere me ngā tāpiringa matū i runga i te urupare PD wā-tūturu. Ahakoa he mea noa te ine i te kukū i ahu mai i te mātotoru i roto i ngā tukanga matū whānui, ka horapa tōna tono ki ngā mahi hydrometallurgical motuhake, pērā i te aroturuki i te whakarite i ngā whāngai tango whakarewa kia eke ai ngā tauhohenga ki ngā tere huringa tino pai, kia nui ake ai te hua me te parakore o te konganuku.
Te Tiaki Taputapu me te Whakahaere Rheological
Mā ngā raraunga matotoru ipurangi ka whakaratohia he whakaurunga nui mō ngā pūnaha tiaki matapae, ka taea ai te huri rautaki i ngā rahunga taputapu pea hei rerekētanga tukanga ka taea te whakahaere.
Te Whakahaere i te Rheology me te Viscosity o te Slurry
Ko te mātotoru o te paru te taurangi ā-tinana matua e pā ana ki te waku ā-roto o te paru (te matotoru) me te ahotea hua. Mā te pikinga tere o te mātotoru kāore i te whakahaeretia, ka taea te huri i te paru ki tētahi tikanga rere tino kore-Newtonian. Mā te aroturuki tonu i te mātotoru, ka taea e ngā kaihangarau tukanga te matapae i te kore pumau o te rheological (pērā i te whakatata atu ki ngā rohe ahotea hua papu) me te whakauru wawe i te wai waimeha, te whakarerekē rānei i ngā tere papu. Mā tēnei whakahaere ārai ka ārai i ngā kaupapa utu nui pērā i te tauine paipa, te cavitation, me te aukati kino o te papu.
Te Whakaiti i te Pakarutanga o te Āhua
Ko te painga pūtea tūturu o te whakahaere i te mātotoru pumau ehara i te penapena iti o ngā matū matū, engari ko te whakaiti nui i te wā kore mahi i whakaritea mai i te pakaru o ngā wāhanga. Ko te tiaki papu paru me te whakakapinga paipa, e peia ana e te pakaru nui o te wai, he wāhanga nui o te OpEx. Ka tere ake te pirau e te kore pumau o te tere rere, e puta pinepine ana i ngā huringa mātotoru. Mā te whakau i te mātotoru, ka taea e te pūnaha whakahaere te whakahaere tika i te tere rere ki te tere kawe matua, me te whakaiti i te parahanga me te pakū nui. Ko te roanga o te Wā Waenga i waenganui i ngā Raru (MTBF) mō ngā taputapu miihini utu nui, me te karo i te rahunga wāhanga kotahi-takahanga, he nui ake te nui o te haumitanga whakapaipai ki ngā mita mātotoru.
Rautaki Whakatinanatanga me ngā Mahi Pai rawa atu
Ko te mahere whakatinanatanga angitu e hiahia ana kia tino whiriwhiria, kia tāutahia, kia whakatikatikaina hoki ngā tikanga e aro nui ana ki ngā wero ahumahi whānui o te waikura me te pakira.
Tikanga Kōwhiri: Te Whakataurite i te Hangarau Densitometer ki ngā Āhuatanga o te Parapara
Me whakamārama ōkawa te tikanga whiriwhiri mā te tuhi i te kaha o ngā āhuatanga o te paru (te waikura, te rahi o te matūriki, te matotoru, te pāmahana). Mō ngā awa totoka teitei, ngā awa waikura teitei, pērā i ngā raina paru, me whakarite te whiriwhiri i ngā kōwhiringa kore-whakauru, kore-matū, pērā i ngā taputapu ine reo irirangi. Ahakoa he nui ake te awhe hapa kua tohua o ēnei pūoko i ngā taputapu urutomo teitei, ko te pono mō te wā roa me te motuhake mai i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te reo te mea nui. Mō ngā wāhanga tino waikawa, ko te tohu i ngā rauemi motuhake, pērā i te Nickel Alloys, i runga ake i te 316 SS paerewa mō ngā wāhanga mākū ka whakarite i te ātete ki te waikura nui, ā, ka roa ake te roa o te mahi.
Ngā Tikanga Pai o te Tāutanga: Te Whakarite i te Tika me te Roa o te Ora i roto i ngā Taiao Pukuriri
He mea nui ngā tikanga tāutanga miihini me te hiko tika hei ārai i te pirau o te tohu me te whakarite kia roa te mau o te taputapu. Me tāuta ngā pūoko mākū ki roto i ngā wāhanga paipa hei whakarite kia rumakina katoatia, kia kore ai hoki e mau te hau. Mō ngā tono e pā ana ki ngā wai matotoru, ngā wai rānei e ngawari ana ki te paru, e taunaki ana ngā aratohu tāutanga i ngā flanges tank, i ngā paipa rānei e anga poutū ana hei ārai i te taunga, i te hanganga rānei o ngā kōtaha mātotoru kore taurite huri noa i te huānga pūoko. Mō te hiko, he mea tika te wehewehe tika: me whai whenua pai te anga densitometer, ā, me whakamahi ngā raina hiko kua tiakina hei whakaiti i te pokanoa hikohiko mai i ngā taputapu mana-teitei, pērā i ngā motuka nui, i ngā puku auau rerekē rānei. Hei tāpiri, me whakau te hiri o te wāhanga hiko (mowhiti-O) i muri i tetahi tiaki hei ārai i te urunga mai o te makuku me te rahunga o te ara iahiko i muri mai.
Aromatawai Ōhanga me te Whakamārama Pūtea
Hei whiwhi whakaaetanga mō te whakatinanatanga o ngā pūnaha whakahaere kiato matatau, me whai anga aromatawai rautaki e tino whakamaori ana i ngā painga hangarau ki ngā inenga pūtea ka taea te ine.
Anga mō te Ine i ngā Painga Ōhanga o te Whakahaere Matūtū Matatau
Me arotake e te aromatawai ōhanga whānui ngā penapena utu tika me ngā uara ā-kore. Kei roto i ngā whakahekenga OpEx ngā penapena ka taea te ine i ahu mai i te whakahaere matū hihiri, pērā i te whakahekenga 9.32% i roto i te whakamahinga o te flocculant kua tuhia. Ko ngā penapena i roto i te whakamahinga pūngao ka puta mai i te whakahaere tere papu kua arotauhia me te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga tukurua. He mea nui, me tatau te uara ōhanga o te whakaroa i te Wā Tohatoha i waenganui i ngā Rahunga (MTBF) o ngā wāhanga kakahu nui (ngā papu, ngā paipa), kia puta ai he uara tūturu mō te whakahaere rheological pumau. I te taha moni whiwhi, me ine te anga i te whakaoranga parahi piki haere i tutukihia mā te pupuri i te whakamahinga PD me te matū tino pai.
Te Pānga o te Whakaiti i te Rerekētanga o te Kiato ki te Hua o te Whakatipu Katoa
Ko te inenga pūtea whakamutunga mō te aromatawai i te APC i roto ite hangarau whakarewa parahiKo te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te tukanga (σ) i roto i ngā inenga kiato nui. He tino aro te hua ki ngā rerekētanga mai i te pūwāhi tautuhinga mahi e hiahiatia ana (rerekētanga). Hei tauira, ko te whakatutukitanga o te whakaiti 24% i roto i te rerekētanga kiato ka puta tika ki ngā matapihi tukanga kuiti ake. Mā tēnei pumau ka taea e te tipu te mahi pono me te tata atu ki ngā herenga kaha me te kore e whakaoho i ngā kati haumaru, e tīmata rānei i ngā koretake o te porowhita whakahaere. Ko tēnei kaha whakahaere kua piki ake e tohu ana i te whakaiti tika i te mōrearea pūtea me te koretake o te whakahaere, me mārama te aromatawai i roto i te tatau NPV.
Ripanga 3: Anga Whakamātautau Ōhanga mō te Whakahaere Matūtū Matatau
| Kaitaraiwa Uara | Tikanga Painga | Pānga ki te Ōhanga Tipu (Inenga Pūtea) | Te Whakaritenga Rautaki Whakahaere |
| Te Whai Hua o te Kaiwhakaora | Te inenga papatipu e hangai ana ki te wā tūturu o te waikawa/te whakapūkara. | Te Whakaiti i te OpEx (Te penapena utu tika mō ngā rauemi, hei tauira, te whakaiti i te 9.32% o te flocculant). | Urupare kiato pumau ki ngā koropiko whakahaere ōwehenga rere (MPC). |
| Hua Whakaputa | Te whakapūmau i te pūwāhi tautuhinga PD tino pai i roto i ngā tauhohenga. | Te pikinga o ngā moni whiwhi (Te whakaora Cu teitei ake, te whakawhiti papatipu pumau). | Tātaritanga kiato/kukū whakauru mō te aroturukitanga pūwāhi. |
| Te Wātea o te Tipu | Te whakaiti i te mōrearea rheological (te aukati, te taipana teitei). | Kua whakaitihia te OpEx me te CapEx (He iti ake te tiaki, kua whakaitihia te wā kore mahi kua whakaritea). | Te whakahaere matapae i te tere o te papu i runga i ngā tauira matotoru i ahu mai i te UFD. |
| Whakahaere Wai | Te whakanui ake i te mātotoru o te rerenga wai whakamātotoru. | Te whakaiti i te OpEx (Te iti o te tono mō te wai māori, te piki ake o te auau hangarua wai). | He kōwhiringa hangarau ine mārō, pakari, kāore e pokanoa. |
Te hua pumau me te kawenga taiao o ngā mahi houte hangarau whakarewa parahiHe hononga pūmau ngā mahi whakahaere ki te pono o te ine kiato ipurangi i roto i ngā paru rēte.
Ko ngā hangarau urutomo pēnei i te mita Vibrational, Coriolis rānei, ka waiho pea mō ngā tono motuhake, kāore e whakakoi, e tino hira ana te tika o te kukū (hei tauira, te hanga matū). Whakapā atu ki a Lonnmeter kia whiwhi ai i ngā taunakitanga ngaio mō te whiriwhiri i te mita kiato.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-29-2025
