He Kupu Whakataki ki te Ine Rere Papatipu i roto i te Whakakī Hinu LNG
Ko te whakahaere i te Hau Taiao Wai (LNG) i roto i ngā teihana whakakī hinu me mahi i ngā pāmahana i raro i te -160 °C. Ko te āhua hurihuri o te whakahaere wahie cryogenic he wero motuhake mō te ine i te rere o te papatipu matatau. He mea nui te ine tika i te papatipu o te LNG i whakawhitia nā te mea ka tino rerekē te rōrahi LNG me ngā huringa pāmahana me te pēhanga, ā, ka kore e pono ngā inenga e hangai ana ki te rōrahi i roto i ēnei horopaki.
He mea nui te pupuri i te tika me te pono o te hangarau whakakī hinu LNG, inā koa mō ngā pūnaha ine whakawhiti pupuri. Ahakoa ngā hapa iti o te ine ka pāngia e ngā mate pūtea, ka whakararu i te haumaru, ka takahi rānei i ngā whakaritenga ture. I roto i te ine whakawhiti pupuri LNG, kei te neke te aro ki ngā taputapu ine tere rere papatipu—ko te mea nui ko te mita rere papatipu coriolis nā tōna kaha ki te ine tika i te papatipu o ngā wai cryogenic ahakoa te rerekētanga o te mātotoru, te pāmahana rānei.
Te Whakakī Hinu LNG
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Heoi, he maha ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere e whakararuraru ana i te ine tika i roto i ēnei taiao. Ko ngā rauemi, pērā i te maitai kore waikura e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mita rere papatipu coriolis, ka whakawhāiti i ngā pāmahana cryogenic. Ka pā ēnei huringa āhua ki ngā āhuatanga miihini pērā i te modulus a Young, ā, me whai whakaaro, nā te mea kāore e whai mana te whakatikatika a te pūoko i te pāmahana rūma. Ki te kore e whakatikahia, ka puta he koretake nui ki ngā pānui rere, ka arahi ki ngā hapa i te wā e ine ana i te rere o te LNG. Nō reira, he mea tika ngā tikanga whakatikatika motuhake e whai wāhi ana ki te whakahekenga wera me te neke i ngā āhuatanga miihini mō ngā pānui pono i roto i ngā pūnaha whakakī hinu cryogenic.
Ko ngā pānga taiao, pērā i te urunga wera iti, ngā huringa pēhanga tūpono rānei, ka uaua ake te ine i te rere o te papatipu LNG. Ka taea e ēnei te whakaputa i te rerekētanga tere o te mātotoru, i ngā whakawhiti wāhanga rānei—ka mura te LNG ki ngā rere e rua-wāhanga (wai me te hau). Ka whakararuraru tēnei āhuatanga i te tika o ngā taputapu pānui rere papatipu, ahakoa te kounga o te pūoko. He maha ngā wā ka puta te hanganga hau kohua me te cavitation, me whakamahi ngā teihana whakakī hinu i ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu e taea ai te utu mō ngā āhuatanga e rua-wāhanga me te mātotoru rangitahi.
Ina hangaia tika, ā, ka whakatikatikaina hoki ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis mō te ratonga cryogenic, ka taea e rātou te whakaputa i ngā āwangawanga whānui tae atu ki te 0.5%, he pai mō te whakawhiti pupuri me te aroturuki mahi. Ko te utu kaha mō ngā huringa e pā ana ki te pāmahana i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te pūoko, te nekehanga kore-ira, me ngā ahotea o te huringa cryogenic auau he mea nui ki te pupuri i te maia ki te ine whakakī hinu LNG. Mō ngā pūnaha mita rere papatipu coriolis tino tika, me whakatikatika motuhake i ngā pāmahana cryogenic hei whakaiti i ngā tawhā hapa me te whakarite kia taea te whai i ngā hua e tutuki ana i te SI.
I te whānui haere o te mākete o te ao mō te LNG hei wahie kawe, ka whakawhirinaki ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG tika ki te ine i te rere o te papatipu pakari, taurite, me te whai. Mā te ine i te rere o te whakawhiti pupuri pono ka tiakina ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihoko me te whakaiti i te mōrearea whakahaere me te tautoko i te whakawhiti ki te hokohoko papatipu i roto i ngā taiao cryogenic. Ko te whāinga whānui kia mau tonu te ine i te LNG kia tika, kia mārama, kia pakari i roto i ngā whanaketanga tinana uaua o te hangarau whakakī hinu LNG.
Te Whakakī Hinu LNG me ngā Tono Cryogenic
Ko te whakakī hinu LNG ko te whakahaere i te hau māori wai i ngā pāmahana tino wera, mai i te −160 °C ki te −70 °C. E hiahiatia ana he mana whakahaere tukanga matatau, he taputapu pakari, me ngā hangarau haumaru auaha hei pupuri i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te haumaru o ngā kaimahi me ngā rawa.
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha whakakī hinu cryogenic ngā ngongo whakamātao takirua, ngā paipa kua hipokina ki te korehau, me ngā hononga pakaru. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei wāhanga te urunga wera me te maringi ohorere i te wā whakawhiti LNG, ka ārai i ngā tūponotanga pēnei i te mimiti tere, te wera cryogenic rānei. Ka whakaitihia e ngā pūwero hono tere me ngā raka haumaru te tūponotanga o ngā tukunga wahie kāore i te whakaarohia i ngā pūwāhi hononga.
He mea nui te whiriwhiri rauemi i roto i ēnei taiao. Ko ngā koranu cryogenic matatau, i hangaia hei ātete i te pakarukaru, ka whakarato i te kaha miihini me te roa i raro i te ahotea wera hurihuri. Ka kitea hoki ngā hiato kore-whakarewa i roto i ētahi wāhanga pūnaha mō te iti o te kawe wera me te ātete ki te whakaheke, ki te pakaru rānei i ngā pāmahana iti. Mā te whakapai tonu i te whakamarumaru, pērā i ngā pahuka paparanga maha, ka whakaiti i te kohua LNG me te tautoko i te pupuri kounga wahie i te papaanga.
He mea nui ngā pūnaha aroturuki me ngā mana whakahaere haumaru ki ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG hou. Mā ngā pūnaha whānui o ngā pūoko pāmahana me te pēhanga, me ngā pūoko methane, ka whakaratohia ngā raraunga me ngā whakatūpato wā-tūturu. Mā ngā tikanga whakaweto ohorere aunoa—he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā pūoko ā-ringa me ngā pūoko mamao—ka taea te wehe tere i ngā wāhanga nui i ngā wā o ngā aituā. Mā te tuku raraunga ahokore ka taea te tiaki matapae, ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te aro wawe ki ngā take i mua i te pikinga ake.
I roto i ngā rerengamahi LNG, he tino uaua ngā pūnaha ine whakawhiti pupuri nā te mea e hiahiatia ana te ine tika i te rere papatipu me te mātotoru i raro i ngā āhuatanga cryogenic. Ko ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis tino tika, e tukuna ana e ngā kaihanga motuhake pēnei i a Lonnmeter, e whakamahia ana hei whakarato i te tika ine e hiahiatia ana mō te whakawhiti pupuri o te LNG. Ka ine tika ēnei taputapu i te tere rere papatipu me te mātotoru, kāore e pāngia e ngā huringa o te hanganga hau, te pāmahana rānei, e whakarato ana i ngā hua pono ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga rere, pēhanga rānei e rerekē ana. Ka whakamahia hoki te hangarau mita rere ultrasonic i roto i ētahi tono, e whakanuia ana mō tōna tāutanga kore-whakauru me te aroturuki rere wā-tūturu, ahakoa e kiia ana he iti ake te pakari i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakawhiti pupuri tino tika.
He tino uaua te awhe pāmahana tino iti, mai i te −160 °C ki te −70 °C. Ka tūpono ngā taputapu kāore i hangaia mō ēnei pāmahana ki te pakaru miihini nā te whakaheke, te pakaru rānei. I te wā rokiroki, he mea nui te whakamarumaru whai hua me te whakahaere pāmahana tonu hei ārai i te kohua kino me te pikinga pēhanga. Ka pā tika ēnei here ki te kōwhiringa me te tiaki i ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu, tae atu ki te pumau o ngā tāke rokiroki me ngā raina whakawhiti.
Mā ngā mahi ki te whakamahi i te pūngao makariri cryogenic ka pai ake te pai o te rere o te LNG. Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha whakaora makariri te pāmahana iti o te LNG mō te whakamatao i te papaanga, te whakamatao i mua i ngā hau whāngai, me ētahi atu whakamahinga āwhina, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao katoa. Mā tēnei whakaurunga o te rokiroki pūngao makariri ka whakaitihia ngā ngaronga wera i te wā o ngā mahi whakawhiti, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te whakapai ake i te mahi taiao.
Kei roto i ngā wāhanga katoa o te whakakī hinu me te whakahaere i te LNG te whakahaere haumaru me te mōrearea. He mea nui tonu te whakapūmau i ngā tukanga, te tātari tūponotanga, me te whakangungu kaiwhakahaere kaha. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau i ngā painga o te aunoatanga pūnaha me te aroturuki taputapu hei whakaiti i ngā hapa—pērā i te whakamahinga o ngā ngongo tohu RFID hei whakarite kia uru noa ngā taputapu whaimana ki te mahi. Ko te aroturukitanga ngenge, mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga pūoko hanganga wā-tūturu, ka ārai anō i te rahunga o ngā wāhanga me ngā āhuatanga turuturu pea.
Hei whakamutunga, mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā rauemi cryogenic motuhake, te aroturukitanga pakari, ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu matatau, me te arotautanga tukanga ka whakarite kia whai hua, kia haumaru hoki ngā mahi whakakī hinu LNG, ahakoa i roto i te takai wera nui o te −160 °C ki te −70 °C.
Ngā Mātāpono Matua o te Ine Rere Papatipu
Ko te ine i te rere o te papatipu he inenga taketake mō te whakahaere me te whakawhiti i te Hau Taiao Wai (LNG) me ētahi atu wai cryogenic i roto i ngā rāngai e tino hira ana te tika o te tauwhitinga me te haumaru mahi. I roto i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG me te whakahaere wahie cryogenic, he mea nui te mōhio ki te nui tika o te matū—mā te papatipu kaua ki te rōrahi—nā te mea ka taea e te mātotoru o te LNG te huri tere me te iti o ngā huringa pāmahana, hanganga rānei.
He rerekē tēnei i te tere rere rōrahi, e ine ana i te wāhi e nohoia ana e te wai mō ia wae wā, ka ine te tere rere papatipu i te nui tuturu o te mea e haere ana i roto i te pūnaha. He mea nui tēnei rerekētanga i roto i ngā pūnaha whakakī hinu cryogenic: i te nekehanga o te pāmahana me te hanganga, ka taea e ngā pānui rōrahi te whakaatu hē i ngā nui tuku tuturu nā te kaha ki te pēhi me te whakawhānui wera o te LNG. Ka whakanuia ake ēnei hapa i roto i ngā tono whakawhiti pupuri uara nui, i reira ka hua ake he pānga pūtea nui i ngā rerekētanga.
Ko te whakamahinga o ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis, inā koa ko ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu tino tika me te matatau, e akiakihia ana e ēnei wero. Ka kitea tika e ngā mita Coriolis te papatipu e haere ana i roto i ngā ngongo rere hurihuri, he tukanga e kore e pāngia e ngā panonitanga o te mātotoru wai, te hanganga, te āhua rānei, mena ka tika te utu o te taputapu mō ngā pānga pāmahana. Nā tō rātou motuhake mai i ngā rerekētanga rōrahi ka waiho hei paerewa mō te ine whakawhiti pupuri LNG, e hiahiatia ana te pono me te whai i te whai.
Heoi, he uaua te ine tika i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te LNG. Ko te mea tino kitea, ko ngā pāmahana cryogenic (~120 K) i tūtakihia i te wā whakawhiti LNG ka whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ngā rauemi mita rere—pērā i te modulus Young (pakari) o ngā ngongo maitai kore waikura—ka pā ki te whakatikatika mita me te pumau kore-ira. Ki te kore he whakatikatika wā-tūturu, ka pāngia pea ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu matatau e ngā hapa pūnaha. Hei tauira, ko te hekenga o te ngāwari o te ngongo me te hekenga o te pāmahana ka neke i te urupare auau o te mita, ka whakauru i te pānga e kore e kitea engari he nui pea ki ngā pānui rere papatipu.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau whakamātautau me ngā tono mahi ko ngā huringa rauemi i puta mai i te pāmahana te pūtake matua o te hapa i roto i ngā āhuatanga cryogenic, ā, muri iho ko ngā pānga pēhanga me te whakahekenga wera. Ko ngā kawa whakatikatika i ngā āhuatanga cryogenic, te whai tonu i ngā paerewa tohutoro, me te whakatikatika wā-tūturu mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga pāmahana kua whakamātauhia he mea nui hei whakaiti i te koretake o te ine ki raro iho i te 0.50%—he paepae e tumanakohia ana i nāianei i roto i te ine rere whakawhiti pupuri mō te LNG.
Kua tino whanake te whakatauira ā-tinana. E whakamana ana ngā rangahau hou i ngā tauira pāngarau matapae o te whanonga mita rere, e whakaatu ana i ngā reiti hapa i raro i te ±0.08% puta noa i ngā awhe pāmahana cryogenic e tika ana ina whakamanahia me ngā raraunga ka taea te whai, mena ka whakamahia ngā taunga whakatikatika mō ngā āhuatanga motuhake ki te LNG. He mea nui tēnei i roto i ngā pūnaha whakakī hinu cryogenic me te hangarau whakakī hinu LNG, ina kore e taea te whiriwhiri i te pono o te ine rere i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino. I roto i tēnei horopaki, ka aro a Lonnmeter—e arotahi ana ki te ine i te kiato me te matotoru o roto—ki ētahi o ngā taurangi nui e hiahiatia ana mō te utu whānui me te aroturuki.
He rerekē anō hoki te ine i te tere rere o te papatipu i ngā tikanga rōrahi ina whakaatu ngā wai tukatuka i te hanganga rerekē, i te mātotoru rānei. Ko ngā mita rere rōrahi, tae atu ki ngā mita rere ultrasonic matatau e whakamahia ana i roto i te LNG, ka tuku i ngā pānui tika o te nui o te wāhi e haerehia ana e te wai. Heoi, hei tiki i te papatipu tuturu i whakawhitia i roto i ngā pūnaha ine whakawhiti pupuri, me whakarea ngā ine rōrahi ki ngā uara mātotoru wā-tūturu. Ka puta mai i tēnei tētahi atu paparanga o te koretake, inā koa ka puta he huringa tere o te pāmahana, te hanganga rānei, e ai ki ngā mahi whakahaere wahie cryogenic. He rerekē, ka whakarato ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis i te ine tika, ka whakaiti nui i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā tataunga āwhina me te horapa o ō rātou hapa.
Nō reira, ko te kōwhiringa i waenga i ngā hangarau rere papatipu me te rōrahi ka pā ki te tika o te ine, engari ki te manawanui mahi me te tutuki i ngā paerewa ture e whakahaere ana i te ine whakawhiti pupuri LNG. Ko ngā mātāpono ā-tinana pakari kei muri i ngā taputapu ine tere rere papatipu, tō rātou ngoikore ki ngā rerekētanga kiato me te pāmahana, me tō rātou pai mō te tiwhikete whakawhiti pupuri tika te tautoko i tō rātou mana puta noa i ngā tono LNG me te cryogenic. He mea nui tēnei mahi e ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā miihini e whai ana ki te whakaiti i te hapa rere papatipu i roto i ngā horopaki tino hihiri me te whakahaere, pērā i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG me ngā mahi whakawhiti nui.
Te Ine i te Whakawhiti Tiakitanga: Ngā Wero me ngā Whakaritenga
Ko te whakawhiti i te hau taiao wai (LNG) e hiahiatia ana kia eke ki ngā paerewa teitei rawa atu i roto i te ine ine, nā te mea he nui ngā pānga pūtea me ngā pānga ture o ngā hapa ine iti noa iho. Me whakarato e ngā pūnaha ine te tika, te pono, me te whai i ngā mea pumau, hei poutokomanawa mō ngā whakaaetanga hoko me te hoko LNG.
Ngā Whakaritenga Ine Motuhake mō ngā Whakawhitiwhitinga LNG
Me tutuki ngā pūnaha ine whakawhiti pupuri LNG i ngā paerewa ine ture tino pakari, inā koa ko ērā kua whakarārangihia i roto i te OIML R140, ā, i roto i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, te Aratohu Taputapu Ine 2014/32/EU. E whakatau ana ēnei paerewa kia eke ngā pūnaha ine whakawhiti pupuri ki te hapa mōrahi e whakaaetia ana o te 0.3% (tika o te Akomanga 0.3), kia tika ai te whakaata i ngā whakataunga pūtea i ngā rahinga LNG tuturu i whakawhitia. He mea nui te whai ine: me hono atu ia papatipu, ia rahinga rānei kua tuhia ki ngā paerewa o te ao kua manatokohia mā roto i ngā tikanga whakatikatika kua whakamanahia.
Ehara i te mea he ture whakahaere anake te tika, engari he mea nui hoki mō te arumoni. I roto i tētahi tauwhitinga e pā ana ki tētahi utanga LNG kotahi 100,000 m³, mā te hapa 0.1% i roto i te ine rere o te whakawhiti pupuri ka taea te neke miriona tāra i waenga i ngā hoa hokohoko. Nō reira, me tino hiahiatia ngā tiwhikete whakatikatika, te manatoko tuatoru, me ngā arotake mahi auau i roto i ngā kirimana whakawhiti pupuri hei whakapūmau i te pono o te pūnaha.
Te Pānga o ngā Āhuatanga Cryogenic ki te Ine, te Whakatikatika, me te Whakatutukitanga
Ko te pāmahana o te LNG e rere ana i te -162°C, he wero motuhake mō te ine i te rere o te papatipu, te whakatikatika, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te pūnaha. Ka taea e ngā rerekētanga o te kiato me te matotoru i ēnei pāmahana te whakanui ake i ngā hapa mena kāore i te tino whakahaeretia, i te aro turukihia hoki.
E rua ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakawhiti pupuri LNG: ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis tino tika me ngā mita rere ultrasonic matatau. E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā mita Coriolis mō tā rātou ine papatipu tika, te ātete ki ngā rerekētanga o te āhua o te wai, me te kaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tika OIML Class 0.3. Heoi, ko te mahi tika i ngā āhuatanga cryogenic e hiahia ana ki te hanganga pūoko motuhake me te whakamarumaru, me te utu pāmahana wā-tūturu.
He uaua te whakatikatika i ngā pāmahana cryogenic. Ko ngā tikanga paerewa he whakamātautau tohutoro mā te whakamahi i ngā mita matua kua whakamanahia, i ngā tāke prover rānei, ko te mea pai ko raro i ngā āhuatanga rere, pēhanga, me te pāmahana e tino whakaatu ana. E whakahau ana te OIML R140 kia manatokohia tuatahi i te wā whakatūnga me te whakatikatika anō i ia wā (he maha ngā wā i ia tau), i ētahi wā ka kitea e ngā kaitirotiro tuatoru hei whakarite kia tutuki tonu ngā whakaritenga. Me whakaputa e ia huihuinga whakatikatika he tuhinga e hono ana ki tētahi paerewa kua whakamanahia, hei whakau i te mekameka o te whai i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana.
Ngā Ine Whakakotahi mō te Whakawhiti Tiaki Pono
Hei pupuri i te pono o te mahi me te tiaki ture, kua hangaia ngā pūnaha ine whakawhiti pupuri hei paheke ine whakauru. Ka whakakotahihia e ia paheke ngā wāhanga nui mō te whakawhiti pupuri:
- Ko ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu ā-roto, pērā i te Coriolis me ngā mita rere ultrasonic, hei huānga ine matua.
- Ko ngā mita mātotoru ā-roto me ngā mita matotoru, e tukuna ana e Lonnmeter, ka whakarato i ngā raraunga āhuatanga wai wā-tūturu e tika ana mō ngā tataunga rere papatipu tika. Me pupuri tonu ēnei taputapu i te whakatikatika i ngā āhuatanga cryogenic, nā te mea ahakoa ngā hapa mātotoru iti ka puta he rerekētanga rere papatipu.
- Ka tangohia e ngā pūnaha tauira aunoa ngā tauira hua mō te tātari hanganga, he whakaritenga mō te whakatau i te kounga me te uara wera.
- Ka aro turuki tonu ngā kōwae tātaritanga me te manatoko-whaiaro i te hauora me te mahi a ngā taputapu ine katoa, me te whakatūpato wawe i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te nekenekehanga o te pūoko, te poke, ngā raruraru rānei o waho.
- Kua whakauruhia ngā wāhanga katoa ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere me te tuhi raraunga. Ahakoa e arotahi ana a Lonnmeter ki ngā mita kiato me te matotoru ā-roto, ka taunekeneke pai ēnei wāhanga me te hanganga whakahaere e hiahiatia ana mō ngā ara arotake me te pūrongo ture.
He maha ngā wā ka tirohia te pūnaha katoa, i roto i ngā mahi me te wāhi mahi, hei whakamana i te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikura. Me āwhina te hoahoa retireti i te whakatikatika me te tiaki auau, me ngā whakaritenga mō ngā arai taputapu, ngā ara kore rānei hei pupuri i te haere tonu o te ine mena ka tangohia te taputapu mai i waho o te taputapu.
Tauira: Te Whakawhiti Tiaki i te Pūnaha Pupuri Taonga me ngā Pūnaha Whakamutunga
I te teihana whakakī hinu LNG, i te wā rānei e whakawhiti ana i te LNG mai i te kaipuke ki te kaipuke, ka whakawhirinaki te ine i te rere o te whakawhiti pupuri ki tētahi inenga me te mita rere papatipu Coriolis, ngā mita kiato me te matotoru o te Lonnmeter, me tētahi wāhi tauira kua whakamanahia. Ka whai manatoko OIML R140 tuatahi te pūnaha, ka whakatikatikahia anō i ia wā, ka tirotirohia tonutia, kia tika ai te tuhi i ngā rahinga LNG kua whakawhitia ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao uaua. Ka tuhia katoatia ia kaupapa whakawhiti mō te arotake ture me te pūtea, e ai ki ngā ture kirimana.
Ko ia wāhanga—te mita rere, te mātotoru (Lonnmeter), te pāmahana, me te whakatikatika—ka whai wāhi ki te koretake katoa. Me hoahoa te pūnaha kia kaua e neke ake te koretake i te paepae kirimana, i te paepae ture rānei 0.3%.
Ko te ine i te whakawhiti tiaki i roto i te rāngai LNG e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi pūnaha tino whakauru, kua whakamanahia, ā, kua tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, he mea hanga hei tu atu i ngā pēhanga whakakotahi o te mahi cryogenic, te ine ture, me ngā hua arumoni.
Ngā Pūrere Ine Rere Papatipu Matua mō te LNG: Ngā Hangarau me te Whakataurite
Ngā Mita Rere Papatipu Coriolis
Ka mahi ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis mā te ine i te pānga Coriolis i roto i tētahi ngongo wiri e mau ana i te LNG. I te rere o te LNG i roto i ngā ngongo pūoko o te mita, ka puta he nekehanga āhua ine i roto i te wiri o te ngongo nā te nekehanga wai. Ka kitea tēnei nekehanga, e rite tonu ana ki te tere rere papatipu, e ngā pūoko, ā, ka whakamaoritia hei raraunga rere papatipu tino tika, kiato, me te pāmahana. Ko te hoahoa ā-roto o te hangarau—kāore he aukati rere miihini, he wāhanga neke rānei e pā ana ki te wai cryogenic—he tino pakari mō ngā tono LNG.
Mā ngā rauemi motuhake pēnei i te maitai kore waikura me ngā koranu pumau wera ka taea te urutau mō te ratonga waikura me te LNG. Ka mau tonu te hanganga o ēnei rauemi i ngā pāmahana tino iti (i raro iho i te -160°C), ka whakarite kia tika tonu ahakoa i roto i te huringa wera tere e kitea ana i roto i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG me ngā pūnaha whakakī hinu waikura. Nā te whanaketanga tonu o ngā rauemi me te whakapai ake i te tukatuka matihiko kua taea e ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis te tuku pono i ngā pānui me te tika o te ±0.1% ki te ±0.25% o te pānui, me te tika o te mātotoru i roto i te ±0.2 kg/m³—he mea nui ngā taumata mahi ki te whakawhiti pupuri, te whakahaere taonga, me te tutuki i ngā mahi LNG.
Ko te painga nui o te mita rere papatipu wai Coriolis i roto i te LNG ko tōna tino tika me tōna āheinga ki te whakahoki anō ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao cryogenic uaua. Kāore i rite ki ngā mita pēhanga rerekētanga, ki ngā tāwhana miihini rānei, kāore ngā mita Coriolis e pāngia e te pēhanga tukanga, e ngā huringa rānei o te mātotoru LNG, e āhei ai te ine tika i te rere papatipu. Mā tēnei ka whakaitihia ngā mate pūnaha me ngā hapa ine matapōkere e kitea ana me ētahi atu hangarau ine. I te mea kāore ēnei mita rere e hiahia ki ngā wāhanga neke e pāngia ana e te LNG e rere ana, ka whakaitihia te hiahia tiaki, ā, ka piki ake te pono o te whakahaere wahie cryogenic mō te wā roa.
Ko ngā whakapainga hou o ngā rauropi tātaritanga e tautoko ana i te whakahaere tukanga wā-tūturu me ngā mahi manatoko aunoa. Mā ēnei tātaritanga ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te aroturuki i te hauora o te pūoko, te whakamana i ngā āhuatanga kore mita me te kore e aukati i te tukanga, me te kite i ngā huringa nā te wiri, ngā arai wāhanga rānei. Mā ngā tātaritanga whakarei ake ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakahaere kia tutuki i ngā paerewa ine e hiahiatia ana e ngā tikanga whakawhiti pupuri LNG, e whakarato ana i ngā rekoata mamati mō te whai me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaiwhakarato, i tētahi kaihanga rānei e tika ana mō ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis, pērā i a Lonnmeter, ka pā tika ki te pono o te pūnaha ine me te pono o te mahi. Me whakarato e ngā kaihanga ngā mita kua whakatikatikaina i ngā pāmahana cryogenic, me tuku taputapu manatoko mara, me te whakarite kia hototahi ki ngā whakaritenga tukanga matatau. Ko ngā mita kāore i te tino tohua, kāore rānei i te tino tautokona, ka tūpono pea te whakauru hapa, inā koa i raro i ngā taumahatanga tāutanga, i ngā āhuatanga rua-wāhanga rānei—he āhuatanga ka taea e ngā mahi hanga matatau te whakaiti mā te hoahoa ngongo pai ake me te matatau o te kaiwhakahaere. Ka horapa atu hoki te mahi a te kaiwhakarato kua whakamātauhia ki te tautoko i muri i te tāutanga, tae atu ki te whakatikatika, te rapurongoā, me te tuhi tonu i ngā tuhinga ture.
Ngā Mita Rere Ultrasonic
Ko te mahi a ngā mita rere ultrasonic mā te tuku me te whiwhi i ngā pāoro ultrasonic puta noa i te ara rere o te LNG i roto i tētahi wāhanga ine motuhake. Ko te rerekētanga wā i waenga i ngā pāoro e haere ana ki runga me raro ka whakamahia hei tatau i te tere rere. He pai tēnei huarahi kore-whakauru, me ngā transducers i waho o te ara rere LNG, mō ngā taiao cryogenic ka taea e te pa atu ki ngā wai makariri te whakararu i ngā pūoko tuku iho.
I roto i ngā tono LNG, he tino pai te hangarau ine rere ultrasonic mō ngā āhuatanga whakawhiti pupuri rere-rahi, e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i te uta kaipuke, taraka rānei i ngā tauranga LNG. Kua hangaia ngā mita mō ngā paipa whānui-rahi, he mea nui ngā tere rere teitei me ngā hekenga pēhanga iti, ā, he iti noa te hiahia mō te tiaki nā te āhua tawhiti, mōrearea rānei o te maha o ngā whakaurunga LNG. Ka tutuki i ngā mita ultrasonic te tutuki i ngā paerewa inenga kua whakaaetia mō te whakawhiti pupuri, mena ka tāutahia me ngā oma tika e hiahiatia ana, ā, kua whakatikatikaina mō ngā āhuatanga oro ahurei o te LNG.
Ko tētahi painga motuhake o ngā mita rere ultrasonic ko te iti o te aro ki te pēhanga tukatuka me te kore o ngā wāhanga neke, ka ātete ki te kakahu, ki te paru rānei. Mā tēnei pakari ka roa ake ngā wā ratonga, ka iti te utu tiaki, ka iti ake te mōrearea o te wā kore mahi. Ka kitea e ngā mahi tātaritanga o ngā mita rere ultrasonic te hē o te kōtaha, te urunga mai o te hau/hau, te paru rānei o te transducer—he mea nui ēnei i roto i te ine rere pupuri LNG ina hiahiatia te mahi mita tonu.
Ko ngā āputa tono noa mō ngā mita ultrasonic ko ngā raina whakawhiti LNG kaha-teitei me ngā āhuatanga ka nui ake te diameter o ngā paipa i te whānuitanga mahi o te hangarau Coriolis o nāianei. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e ngā ringa uta LNG i ngā taunga kawemai/kaweake ngā mita ultrasonic mō ngā diameter o ngā paipa neke atu i te 12 inihi, nā te mea ka taea e ēnei mita te pupuri i ngā whakaritenga tika me te kore e puta he mate pēhanga nui.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he mahi nui tā ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu Coriolis me te ultrasonic i roto i ngā pūnaha ine whakawhiti pupuri LNG hou. Ko ngā mita Coriolis te kaiārahi i roto i ngā tono rere papatipu tika, tino tika, ā, e whakarato ana i te whai inenga e tino hira ana ki ngā tauwhitinga arumoni, ko ngā mita rere ultrasonic ia e whakarato ana i ngā otinga pakari, whānui-diameter e aro nui ana ki te iti o te tiaki me te mahi kaha-teitei. Ko te kōwhiringa taputapu tino pai e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hiahia tono motuhake, ngā tikanga tukanga, me ngā whakaritenga tutuki mō te ine rere papatipu matatau i roto i ngā hanganga LNG.
Te Whakahaere Hau Kohuatia i roto i ngā Teihana Whakakī Hinu LNG
He wero nui te whakahaere pai o te hau kohua (BOG) mō ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG. Ka puta te BOG i te wā e rongoa ana, e whakawhiti ana hoki hei hua o te wera e uru ana, ka hua ake te mimiti o ngā wāhanga pēnei i te methane me te ethane. He mea nui te whakahaere i tēnei hau mai i ngā tirohanga ōhanga me te taiao.
Ko ngā pēhanga ōhanga ki ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG i ahu mai i te hiahia ki te whakaiti i ngā mate hua me te karo i ngā whakapaunga whakahaere koretake. Ina tukuna, ina mura rānei te BOG, ka ngaro te hau maori utu nui, ka whakaiti tika i te hua o ia rā o ngā teihana. I whakaatuhia e tētahi whakatauira tata nei o te whakaora me te whakamahinga o te BOG he moni whiwhi ā-tau neke atu i te $138 miriona me ngā tawhē hua moni tata ki te 97%, e whakaatu ana i te rahi o te whai wāhitanga pūtea mō ngā mahi whakaputa nui. Ahakoa i ngā teihana iti ake, ka taea e te whakaora BOG te whakaputa i ngā awa moni whiwhi pumau; i kōrero tētahi tātaritanga he moni whiwhi ā-marama o te €176 mai i te whakamahinga o te hau kua whakahokia mai i roto i te whakakī hinu waka, ahakoa he iti noa iho i roto i ngā kupu tino, ka nui haere te kohi i roto i te wā.
He mea nui anō hoki ngā whakaaro mō te taiao. Ko te methane, te huānga matua o te BOG, he hau kati kōtuhi tino kaha. Mā te kore e whakahaeretia te whakaputanga hau, te mura rānei, ka nui ake te tapuwae waro o te teihana. Kua āraihia e ngā pūnaha whakaora kua whakamatautauria i roto i ngā teihana kawe LNG mahi tae atu ki te 8,549 kg o ngā tukunga CO₂ rite ia marama mā te whakamahi anō i te BOG i roto i ngā tukanga o te papaanga, te huri rānei mō te whakamahinga waka, ka hua ake he painga nui ki te taiao mā te whakaiti i te hau kati kōtuhi me te whakakapinga wahie.
Hei whakatika i ēnei wero, he maha ngā tikanga whakahaere BOG kua whakamahia i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG. Ko te otinga tino ātaahua ki te taha ōhanga ko te huri i te BOG ki te hau māori kua kōpeketia (CNG). E whakaatu ana ngā aromatawai whakatairite ko te whakaputanga CNG te utu hoko iti rawa mō te hau kua whakahokia mai, e whakanui ana i te oranga o te teihana me te hua ōhanga. Ko ētahi atu huarahi whakahaere BOG ko:
- Te whakaputa hiko tika mā te whakamahi i te BOG hei wahie hei hanga pūngao mō te whakamahinga i te papaanga, mō te kaweake rānei i te whatunga hiko, hei whakarei ake i te whai rawaka o te hiko o ngā teihana.
- Te werohanga anō o te BOG ki roto i ngā tāke rokiroki LNG, te tuku rānei i te hinu ki roto i ngā miihini o ngā waka.
- Te mura whakahaere, e whakamahia ana i ngā wā kāore e taea te whakaora, te whakamahi anō rānei, ahakoa kei te tirotirohia tēnei tikanga e ngā ture me te oranga tonutanga.
He maha ngā wāhi inaianei e whakauru ana i te whakaora BOG me ngā pūnaha whakakī hinu cryogenic, mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu matatau pērā i ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis tino tika me ngā mita rere ultrasonic. Mā ēnei taputapu ka taea te aroturuki tika me te ine rere whakawhiti pupuri o ngā awa kohu me te wai, ka arotau i te whai huatanga whānui o te ine whakawhiti pupuri LNG me te whakarei ake i te mahi a te teihana. Ko ngā mita kiato me te matotoru ā-roto—pērā i ngā mea i hangaia e Lonnmeter—e whai wāhi tautoko ana mā te whakarato i te aroturuki tonu, tika o ngā āhuatanga wai e tika ana mō te hopu me te whakamahinga BOG tino pai.
Mā te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere whānui o te BOG ka whakaitihia ētahi mōrearea pūtea mō ngā kaiwhakahaere whakakī hinu LNG. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā mate mai i te hua kua whakapūhia, ngā whiu tutuki mō ngā tukunga nui rawa atu, me ngā utu pūngao mai i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā taputapu whatunga o waho. Mā te hangarau ine rere papatipu whakarei ake ka tautoko tika i te whakaiti i te mōrearea mā te tiaki i te pono o te ine me te whakarite kia taea te manatoko me te arotake i te whakahaere hau.
E whakaatu ana ngā taunakitanga whānui i ngā whakaritenga ōhanga me te taiao mō te whakahaere BOG pakari i roto i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG. Ko te whakatinanatanga tupato o ngā pūnaha whakaora, me te tautoko a te whakahaere wahie cryogenic tika me te ine rere papatipu, he mea nui mō te mahi whai hua, pumau hoki i roto i te horopaki ture me te mākete e hiahiatia ana i ēnei rā.
Ngā Huarahi Whakauru: Te Whakakotahi i te Ine, te Whakahaere, me te Rokiroki
Ka whakauruhia paitia e ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG matatau te rokiroki pūngao makariri, te ine tika i te rere o te papatipu, me te tātari tukanga wā-tūturu hei whakanui ake i te mahi me te tutuki i ngā ture. Ko te pou o tēnei whakaurunga ko te whakamahi i te pūngao makariri cryogenic i tukuna i te wā o te whakapūngao LNG. Ina huri te hau maori wai mai i te −162°C ki tōna āhua hau, ka wātea he nui te pūngao makariri hei hopu. Ka tukuna e ngā whare matua tēnei pūngao ki roto i ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao makariri, ka hono atu rānei ki ngā waeine Rokiroki Pūngao Hau Wai (LAES), ka hangaia he pokapū pūngao me te whakakī hinu ranu.
Mā te whakatauira thermodynamic—tae atu ki ngā whaihanga tukanga pēnei i a Aspen HYSYS—e whakaatu ana me pēhea te hono atu i te LAES me te whakapūngao LNG e kore e whakanui noa i te whai huatanga o te pūnaha (me ngā whakapainga katoa neke atu i te 105%) engari ka whakawhāitihia hoki ngā wā utu ki te poto noa iho i te 2.5 tau, ahakoa te whakaaro ki ngā pūnaha rokiroki me te whakaputa matatau. Ko ngā teihana kua whirihorahia me ēnei huarahi whakauru ka whai hua mai i ngā whakahekenga nui o ngā utu whakahaere nā te whakamahinga pai o te pūngao makariri, te whānui ake o te ngāwari whakahaere, me te whakanui ake i te mana motuhake o te pūngao o te papa.
I taua wā anō, ko te ine tika i te rere o te papatipu he mea nui mō te tika o te whakawhiti pupuri me te whakahaere tukanga i ēnei teihana. Ko ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis, e mōhiotia ana mō tō rātou tika teitei i roto i ngā taiao rere cryogenic, ka ine tika i te tere rere papatipu—he painga nui ki ngā mita rōrahi tuku iho. Ka mau tonu te pono o ēnei taputapu i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakakī hinu LNG hihiri, iti te pāmahana, me te pēhanga rerekē, e tautoko ana i te whakawhitiwhiti arumoni me te tirotiro a te kāwanatanga.
Kua rite ngā pūnaha ine whakauru hou ki ngā tātaritanga kua whakauruhia, e āhei ai te aroturuki tonu i ngā mita rere me ētahi atu taputapu tukanga nui. Ka kitea tonutia ngā hapa, ngā hekenga, ngā hapa whakatikatika rānei. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te pupuri i ngā inenga whaimana, me te whakarite kia tutuki katoa ngā paerewa whakawhiti pupuri ā-ao mō te LNG. He mea tino nui tēnei i roto i ngā teihana whakakī hinu, ahakoa he iti noa ngā hapa, ka taea te huri hei rerekētanga pūtea nui, hei whiu ture rānei.
He hononga tata te aunoatanga ki te ine me te whakahaere me ngā tukanga rokiroki. Hei tauira, ko ngā raraunga rere papatipu ora i whiwhi mai i ngā mita rere Coriolis e uru tika ana ki ngā koropiko whakahaere aunoa e whakatika ana i ngā takirere tukanga, e whakahaere ana i te hau kohua, e whakaoho ana rānei i ngā mahi whakatika mena ka kitea he hapa whakahaere. Ko te whakaurunga o ngā mita mātotoru ā-roto, pērā i ngā mea i hangaia e Lonnmeter, ka whakarei ake i te māramatanga o te tukanga. Ka āwhina ēnei mita, me ngā pūoko matotoru ā-roto, ki te whakarite kia tika te tatau i ia rita, i ia kirokaramu rānei o te LNG i ia wāhanga—mai i te rokiroki me te whakawhiti ki te tohatoha whakamutunga.
E whakaatu ana te Ahua 1 i raro nei i tētahi teihana whakakī hinu LNG whakauru e honoa ana ngā oko rokiroki, ngā paipa cryogenic, te ine rere papatipu, me te tātari pūnaha mā tētahi tūāpapa aunoatanga tukanga pokapū.
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha ine whakawhiti tiaki te whakakotahitanga o te rere papatipu Coriolis, te ine kiato, me te tātari whakauru hei whakaputa hua pono. Ka tu atu rātou ki ngā āhuatanga cryogenic uaua, kia mau tonu ai te tika me te ātete ki ngā whakarerekētanga o te LNG—e tuhia ana i roto i ngā kirokaramu, i ngā tana rānei—mō ngā hoa hokohoko me ngā kaiwhakahaere. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te whakakotahitanga o ngā taputapu rokiroki pūngao matao, ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu me te kiato, me ngā tātari aunoa te pou tuara o ngā mahi whakakī hinu LNG pono, whai hua, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
Te Kōwhiri me te Rapu i ngā Otinga Ine Rere Papatipu
Ko te whiriwhiri i te otinga ine rere papatipu tino pai mō ngā tono LNG ka tīmata mā te whakataurite mārama i ngā hangarau Coriolis me te ultrasonic. Ko te rerekētanga matua ko tā rātou kaupapa ine. Ka ine tika ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis i te rere papatipu mā te rongo tika i te nekehanga ā-wāhanga i puta mai i te nekehanga wai i roto i ngā ngongo wiri. He rerekē, ka whakatauhia e ngā mita rere ultrasonic te rere rōrahi i runga i ngā wā whakawhiti o te pāoro ultrasonic; kātahi ka puta te rere papatipu mā te whakauru i te mātotoru wai i inehia, i whakatauhia rānei.
He mea nui te tika mō te whakawhiti pupuri LNG, nā te mea ahakoa ngā hapa iti ka arahi pea ki ngā rerekētanga arumoni nui. Ka tukuna e ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis te tika ā-roto e tae ana ki te ±0.1% o te tere rere papatipu tuturu, kāore e pāngia e ngā huringa o te hanganga, te pāmahana rānei o te LNG. Nā te mea ka huri te mātotoru o te LNG me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana rerekē, ka āwhina tēnei ine papatipu tika ki te whakaiti i ngā hapa tahuritanga kei roto i ngā tikanga rōrahi. Ahakoa ka taea e ngā mita rere ultrasonic te ±0.2% te tika rōrahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga pai, ka whakawhirinaki ki te ine mātotoru o waho, ka puta he hapa pea mena ka neke ohorere ngā āhuatanga LNG i te wā whakawhiti. Nā tēnei ka pai ake ngā taputapu Coriolis mō te whakawhiti pupuri tino tika, inā koa i roto i ngā tono e hiahiatia ana te ine papatipu tika, ā, he iti ki te waenga ngā rahi raina.
Ko ngā whakaritenga tāutanga me te whakahaere ka whakarato i ētahi atu rerekētanga. Me tautoko miihini pakari me te whakamarumaru wera pai ngā mita Coriolis nā te mea he taumaha me te aro ki te huringa wera—ko ngā whakaaro ka kaha ake i raro i te whakahaere LNG cryogenic. Ka nui ake te hekenga pēhanga i te pikinga o te diameter o te paipa, ka whakawhāiti i tō rātou whai huatanga mō ngā paipa nui. Ko ngā mita ultrasonic, i runga i te hoahoa, ka iti te ngaronga pēhanga, ka pai te tauine mō ngā paipa nui tae atu ki te whā tekau mā waru inihi, ā, ka tuku i ngā kōwhiringa whakahou ngāwari ake nā te mea kāore e pokanoa, e piri rānei. Ko te kore o ngā wāhanga neke me te ngāwari o te ratonga inline ka pai hoki ki ngā kaiwhakahaere LNG e whakahaere ana i ngā whatunga cryogenic whānui.
Me arotake ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau matua mō ngā hangarau e rua:
Te tika:He tino tika te rere o te papatipu e ngā mita Coriolis, e hiahiatia ana mō te whakawhiti pupuri whakamutunga. He tino tika te rere o te papatipu e ngā waeine ultrasonic, engari me whakatikatika tika mō ngā huringa hanganga ina whakamahia mō ngā tataunga papatipu.
Whakatikatika:E rua ngā momo mita e hiahia ana kia tika ngā mahi whakatikatika. Mō te ratonga LNG cryogenic, ko te tikanga he tārua i ngā tikanga whakahaere hei whakarite i te pono o te ine puta noa i ngā huringa pāmahana me te pēhanga.
Te pono:E mōhiotia ana ngā mita Coriolis mō tā rātou mahi pakari i roto i ngā momo hanganga me ngā pēhanga LNG. Ahakoa he ātete ngā mita ultrasonic ki te kakahu miihini, me tirotiro i ia wā mō te hekenga o te tohu nā te hauhautanga, nā te ngoikore rānei o ngā transducers.
Ngā Tātaritanga:Kei te wātea ngā mahi tātaritanga matatau i roto i ngā kāwai mita e rua. Ka taea e ngā mita Coriolis te aroturuki i a ia anō i te pumau kore me te hauora o te ngongo, i te mea ka aroturukihia e ngā taputapu ultrasonic te kaha o te tohu, te pono o te ara oro, me ngā rerekētanga o te kōtaha rere.
Ngāwari Whakaurunga:Ka taea te tohu i ngā momo e rua me ngā putanga whakawhitiwhiti paerewa hei whakauru atu ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere kaipuke, ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tauranga rānei. Heoi, ko ngā herenga hoahoa me te tāutanga—pērā i te taumaha mita, ngā whakaritenga wāhi, ngā hiahia whakamahana rānei—tērā pea ka pā ki te urunga ki roto i te hanganga whakahaere wahie cryogenic tawhito.
Ko te tukanga rapu i tētahi mita rere papatipu Coriolis mō te LNG, pērā i te whakawhiti pupuri tere-rahi i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG, me whai huarahi hanganga. Rapua ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakarato mita rere papatipu Coriolis kua whakamātauhia te hītori o te LNG, o ētahi atu tono wai cryogenic rānei. Arotakehia ā rātou putea mō ngā tohutoro motuhake i roto i te hangarau whakakī hinu LNG, te tutuki i ngā tikanga whakawhiti pupuri e tika ana, me te kaha tautoko hangarau tonu. He mea nui te tirotiro i te pakari o ā rātou mahi hanga, ngā whare whakatikatika mō te ratonga cryogenic, me te aro ki ngā tono ratonga mara mō te angitu whakahaere mō te wā roa.
I te whiriwhiri me te whakarite i tētahi kaiwhakarato, me whakarite kia tika te pono o ngā whakaurunga i roto i ngā taunga LNG, kia mārama ngā tuhinga mō ngā raraunga mahi i ngā pāmahana cryogenic, me te ratonga whai muri i te hoko pakari. Ka pā tika te pono o tō kaiwhakarato ki te pono o te ine me te angitu o ngā mahi whakawhiti pupuri LNG. Me tohe kia mau tonu he rekoata o te hiranga mahi me te urutau hangarau kia mau tonu ai te ine rere papatipu pono o ō taputapu ine puta noa i te huringa ora o tō hanganga LNG.
Te Whakanui i ngā Painga: Ngā Painga Whakahaere me te Taiao
Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu tino tika, inā koa ko ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis, ka puta he painga mahi me te taiao i roto i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG, te ine whakawhiti pupuri LNG, me te whakahaere wahie cryogenic. Ka ahu mai ēnei painga i ngā inenga rere papatipu tika, te mātotoru, me te pāmahana, ka taea ai te whakahaere tukanga kua pai ake me te kaute tukunga pono.
Te Whakaiti i ngā Tukunga me ngā Ngaronga
Kua kitea he mea nui ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis tino tika mō te whakaiti i ngā tukunga me ngā ngaronga hua puta noa i te mekameka tuku LNG. Ko te whānui ake o te koretake o te ine - he iti iho i te 0.50% i roto i ngā tono LNG - ko te tikanga he iti ake te hau kāore i te tatauhia i te wā e whakawhiti ana i te pupuri, te utaina, me te whakakī hinu. Mā te ine tika i ngā rerekētanga rere moroiti me te kite i ngā huringa papatipu ngawari, ka tautokohia e ēnei taputapu te tautuhi tere i ngā turuturu, te whakakore i ngā ngaronga kāore i kitea, me te whakaiti i te tawhā hapa i roto i ngā pūrongo tukunga. He mea nui tēnei āheinga mō te whakahaere i te hau kohua-whakakore (BOG): ka āwhina ngā raraunga rere tika i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te hopu, ki te ine, me te whiwhi moni mai i te BOG hei utu mō te tukunga atu, ka aukati tika i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi me te whakapai ake i te kaute waro.
Te Whakanuia o te Hua me te Pumautanga
Ka pā te inenga pai ki te hua mā te whakarite kia tika te aroturuki i ia kirokaramu o te LNG i te wā whakawhiti me te hoko, ka whakaiti i ngā tautohe pūtea, ā, ka tautoko i te hokohoko tika. I roto i te hangarau whakakī hinu LNG me ngā pūnaha whakakī hinu cryogenic, ka tukuna e ngā pūnaha ine whakawhiti pupuri pono e hangai ana ki te Coriolis, ki te ine rere ultrasonic matatau rānei, ngā hua ka taea te whai, ka taea te arotake. Ko tēnei mana whakahaere pakari mō ngā taonga ehara i te mea ka tautoko noa i te tutuki i ngā ture engari ka taea hoki e ngā kaiwhakahaere te kite i ngā ngoikoretanga me te whakapai ake i ngā hua tukanga.
Ka whakarei ake hoki te pumau: ka whakaitihia e te ine rere papatipu matatau te para puta noa i te huringa ora o te wahie, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga methane me te CO₂ e rere ana, ā, ka taea te tuku pūrongo pono mō ngā anga tūao me ngā anga ture. Ko te kaha ki te aroturuki i te matotoru me te matotoru i te wā tūturu (me ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā mita matotoru me te matotoru o roto mai i Lonnmeter) ka whakawhānui ake i te māramatanga tukanga, ka taea ai ngā whakarerekētanga e whakanui ake ana i te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.
Te Tika Pai Rawa: Ngā Painga Tika
Ko te tino tika o te ine ka arahi tika ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tukanga me te whakaiti i te tapuwae taiao. Mō te whakahaere wahie cryogenic me te whakawhiti pupuri LNG, kāore e hiahiatia he herenga mō ngā rere paipa me te tāutanga kakau tika mō ngā mita Coriolis hou, kia tika ai ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao kiato, kua whakahoutia. Mā te whakatikatika pakari me te manatoko ka taea te whai, ka whakaitihia te koretake o te ine - ahakoa i raro i te ahotea pāmahana iti, te pēhanga teitei, te rerekētanga rānei o ngā hanganga hau.
He mahi tautoko tā ngā mita matotoru me te matotoru ā-roto o Lonnmeter, e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga āhuatanga wai wā-tūturu e tautoko ana i ngā raraunga ine tere rere papatipu. Mā tēnei huinga ine whānui ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakarerekē i ngā tukanga i te wā-tūturu hei pupuri i te kounga o te hua, te whakanui ake i te putanga, me te whakatutuki i ngā herenga tukunga whakawhāiti.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu tino tika ka huri i ngā mahi LNG, ka whakarei ake i te hua me te pumau mā te aroturuki tika, te aukati i ngā mate, me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga. Ko te whakaurunga ki te ine kiato me te matotoru ka whakapakari ake i ngā putanga taiao me te mahi, ka tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ēnei rā mō te whakahaere LNG tika, mārama, me te kawenga.
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQs)
He aha ngā painga matua o te whakamahi i te mita rere papatipu Coriolis i roto i ngā tono LNG?
Ka tukuna e ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis te ine tika i te rere papatipu, he mea nui tēnei mō te whakawhiti pupuri hau māori wai (LNG), nā te mea ko ngā kirimana e hangai ana ki te papatipu kaua ki te rōrahi. Mā tēnei ka whakakorea ngā hapa mai i ngā mātotoru LNG rerekē, ā, ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō te huringa rōrahi-ki-papatipu uaua. Ko te painga o tēnei ine tika ko te tika teitei, he pai ake i te ±0.1%, ka hua ake he whakataunga pūtea tika me te māramatanga o ngā tauwhitinga.
Ka mahi pono ēnei mita rere i roto i ngā pāmahana tino werawera, ā, he pakari ki ngā āhuatanga taiao wero o te hangarau whakakī hinu LNG me te whakahaere wahie werawera. Nā te korenga o ngā wāhanga nekeneke miihini, he iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana e ngā mita Coriolis, ka whakaitihia te wā kore mahi me te utu katoa o te mana whakahaere. Mā te kaha ki te ine i te rere papatipu, te mātotoru, me te pāmahana i te wā kotahi ka taea te tatau i ngā tawhā pēnei i te ihirangi pūngao me te uara wera kupenga, i roto tonu i te mita rere.
Ko tētahi atu painga ko te pumau i roto i ngā āhuatanga tukanga e rerekē ana, pērā i te pēhanga e rerekē ana, te pāmahana, te aroaro rānei o ngā wāhanga wai me te kohu whakauru—he mea noa i roto i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG me ngā pūnaha whakakī hinu cryogenic. E mōhiotia ana hoki ngā mita Coriolis e ngā whakahaere ture o te ao mō tā rātou mahi i roto i ngā tono whakawhiti pupuri.
He pēhea te mahi a te mita rere ultrasonic i roto i ngā mahi whakakī hinu cryogenic?
He pai ngā mita rere ultrasonic mō ngā rere LNG kaha-teitei, he tino pai i ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana te iti o te ngaronga pēhanga me te iti o te tiaki. Nā te mea e whakamahia ana e rātou ngā ngaru ultrasonic hei ine i te tere rere, kāore he whakawhāititanga, he ārai rānei i roto i te paipa, e pupuri ana i te pono o te pūnaha i ngā wāhi cryogenic. He rite tonu te mahi puta noa i ngā tere rere rerekē, ā, he ātete te hoahoa ki te kakahu nā te mea kāore he wāhanga neke e mākū ana. He pai tēnei hangarau mō te aroturuki tonu i ngā tukanga me te ine rere whakawhiti pupuri, he mea nui te manatoko i te pono o ngā raraunga me te taea te whakahoki.
I roto i te mahi, ka tautokohia e ngā mita rere ultrasonic te ine i te whakawhiti pupuri LNG mā te whakahaere i ngā diameter paipa nui me ngā here tāutanga iti, kia taea ai te urutau ki ngā whakatakotoranga whare rerekē me ngā āhuatanga whakahou i roto i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG.
Me pēhea te whakahaere pai o te teihana whakakī hinu LNG i te hau kohua?
He mea nui te whakahaere pai o te hau kohua (BOG) mō te mahi ōhanga me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG. Kei roto i ngā rautaki ko te whakauru i ngā pūnaha hurihanga BOG e pēhi ana, e whakamahi anō ana i te hau māori, kaua e tukuna ki waho, e mura rānei. He mea nui ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu tino tika, pērā i te Coriolis me ngā mita rere ultrasonic, hei aroturuki i te rahinga BOG me te whai i ngā ngaronga puta noa i te tukanga.
Mā te whakatinana i te ine tika i te rere o te papatipu ka taea te kite wawe i ngā ngoikoretanga, i ngā turuturu rānei, ā, ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga katoa me ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi. Mā ngā mana whakahaere aunoa i runga i ngā raraunga ine wā-tūturu ka taea te whakaoho i ngā urupare ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere e huri haere ana, ka iti noa iho ngā tukunga me ngā ngaronga hua.
He aha ngā mea me whai whakaaro ahau ina whiriwhiri ana i tētahi kaiwhakarato, i tētahi wheketere rānei mō te mita rere papatipu coriolis mō te LNG?
Whakatairangahia ngā kaiwhakarato me ngā kaihanga mita rere papatipu Coriolis kua whakamanahia te wheako ki ngā tono cryogenic me te LNG. Me whakaatu e rātou te tohungatanga hangarau, ngā tikanga whakatikatika pakari, me te hītori mahi mō te tuku mita rere papatipu me te tika teitei, te pumau, me te taea te whakahoki i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino. Arotakehia ō rātou hiahia me te kaha ki te whakarato tautoko hangarau mō te tāutanga, te whakauru pūnaha, me te manatoko whakatikatika tonu.
Me whakarite kia tutuki ā rātou mita i ngā paerewa ture me ngā paerewa ahumahi e tika ana mō te whakawhiti pupuri LNG. E taunakihia ana kia arotakehia ngā tohutoro mai i ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG e pā ana ki te mahi me te pono, me te manatoko hoki i ngā tuhinga mārama mō ia taputapu.
He aha te mea nui ai te ine i te whakawhiti pupuri i roto i te whakakī hinu LNG?
Ko te ine i te whakawhiti tiaki he pou matua i roto i te whakakī hinu LNG, e whakarite ana kia tika, kia taea hoki te tiaki i ngā tauwhitinga pūtea i waenga i te kaiwhakarato me te kaihoko. Nā te mea he nui te uara LNG, ahakoa ngā hapa iti, ka pā kino pea ki te ōhanga. Mā ngā mita rere pērā i ngā mita rere papatipu coriolis tino tika me ngā mita rere ultrasonic ka whakaratohia he raraunga kua manatokohia mō ia whakawhiti, ka whakaiti i ngā tautohe me te whakarite kia piri te teihana ki ngā ture.
Mā te ine tika i te whakawhiti pupuri ka tautoko i ngā tuhinga mārama, ka taea te arotake, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā hapa, o te tinihanga rānei. Ka whakarato i te whakapumautanga ka whiwhi, ka tukuna rānei e ngā rōpū katoa te nui o te hua i whakaaetia.
Me pēhea te whakapai ake a te ine i te rere o te papatipu i te pumau o ngā pūnaha whakakī hinu LNG?
Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ine rere papatipu matatau, ka taea e ngā teihana whakakī hinu LNG te whakaiti i te para pūngao mā te arotau i te whakakī, te rokiroki, me te whakawhiti i te LNG. Mā te aroturuki tika, ā-wā tonu ka whakarite kia arotauhia ia whakawhiti, ka whakaitihia ngā ngaronga me ngā tukunga rere. He mea nui te ine tika mō te whakahaere wahie cryogenic kawenga; ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakarerekē i ngā tukanga kia pai ai te mahi me te whakarite ki ngā whāinga tukunga, ka whakapai ake i te pumau puta noa i te mekameka uara LNG.
Mā te ine i te rere o te papatipu ka taea te aroturuki pai ake i te whakapaunga me ngā ngaronga, ka tautoko i ngā kaupapa tutuki i ngā ture me ngā whakapainga whakahaere e aro ana ki te whakaiti i te tapuwae taiao.
He pono rānei ngā taputapu ine i te tere rere o te papatipu i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino o te tangi wai?
Kua hangaia ngā taputapu ine i te tere rere o te papatipu Coriolis me te ultrasonic kia pai ai te mahi i raro i ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga cryogenic e kitea ana i roto i ngā tono LNG. Kua tīpakohia ngā rauemi hanga me ngā hoahoa pūoko hei ārai i te pakarukaru me te nekenekehanga ine i ngā pāmahana cryogenic.
Mā ngā āheinga whakatikatika me te tātaritanga tonu ka āwhina i te pupuri i te tika me te auautanga, ahakoa ngā huringa pāmahana, te wiri, ngā momo rere rerekē rānei e kitea ana i roto i ngā tukanga LNG. Ko te pono kua whakamātauhia i roto i te hangarau whakakī hinu LNG, e ai ki ngā whakaaturanga o ngā whare nui, e whakaatu ana i tō rātou tūranga hei otinga pai mō te ine rere papatipu i roto i ngā taiao tino kino.
Kei raro nei ngā tūtohi e whakaatu ana i te tika o te inenga hei pānga o te pāmahana mō ngā mita rere Coriolis me ngā mita rere ultrasonic i roto i ngā tono LNG:
He mea nui tēnei ōritetanga mō te whakahaere tukanga, te aroturuki i ngā tukunga, me ngā whakataunga pūtea i roto i te rāngai wahie cryogenic.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-23-2025
