I te tau 1938, i whakamahia e Nestle te whakamaroke rehu matatau mō te hanga kawhe inamata, kia tere ai te memeha o te paura kawhe inamata ki te wai wera. Hei tāpiri, nā te iti o te rahi me te rahi ka māmā ake te penapena. Nō reira kua tere te whanake i roto i te mākete whānui. Ko ētahi o ngā waitohu kawhe inamata rongonui o nāianei ko Nestle, Maxwell, UCC, me ētahi atu.
Te tukanga hanga kawhe inamata
Ko te kawhe inamata he inu kawhe totoka e tukatukahia ana mā te tunu me te kuru i ngā pīni kawhe, ka tangohia ngā mea wairewa ki te wai, kātahi ka whakamaroke ki te hau wera, ki te whakamaroke tio rānei. He ngāwari te rewa ki te wai, ā, ka hoki anō ki te kawhe wai me te reka me te kakara taketake. Ko te tukanga whakaputa koia ēnei: te tātari i ngā pīni kawhe, te tango i ngā paru, te tunu, te huri, te tango, te kukū, te whakamaroke, me te takai.
II. Ngā Kaupapa Matua o te Tukanga Hanga Kawhe Inamata
(I) Te Maimoatanga i mua i ngā Pīni Kawhe Mata
Tuatahi, me āta whiriwhiri ngā rauemi mata. He kanapa, he porotaka, he ōrite te rahi o ngā pīni kawhe hou, kaua e whakaurua ngā pīni pokepokea ai, ngā pīni whakapūkara, ngā pīni pango, ngā pīni kua kainga e te kutukutu, ngā pīni pakaru rawa me ētahi atu pīni ngoikore, tae atu ki ngā momo poke pērā i ngā anga purapura, ngā poraka oneone, ngā poraka rakau, ngā kōhatu, me ngā konganuku. Hei whakarite i te kounga, ka taea te wehewehe mā te whakamahi i ngā mata wiri, te pēhanga hau, te kawe korehau rānei.
(II) Te tunu
Ko te tunu te tukanga matua mō te hanga i te reka me te kounga o te kawhe inamata. Ko ngā tukanga arumoni mō ngā pīni kawhe he tunu tika haurua-wera, he tunu wera rānei me ngā rūma tunu i te āhua o te pahu hurihuri. Ko te pāmahana tunu me te roa o te tunu ngā mea matua e whakatau ana.
Ka rerekē te roa o te tunu, ehara i te mea nā te momo me te momo kawhe anake, engari nā te nui o te tunu e hiahiatia ana mō te hua whakamutunga. Ko te poto o te tunu e tohu ana he ngawari ngā pīni kawhe, he kaha te waikawa, he ngoikore te kawa, ā, he ngāwari te tango i muri i te huri. Engari, ko te roa o te tunu e tohu ana he pakari ngā pīni kawhe, he ngoikore te waikawa, he kaha te kawa, ā, he iti te whai huatanga o te tango mō te paura pai rawa atu.
Ki te kore e ranea te tunu, ka kino te kakara, ka kino te tae o te hua kua oti, ā, ka iti te tere tango; ki te tunu nui rawa, ka nui ake te maturuturunga o te hinu, ka whakararu i te tangohanga, ka pā ki te mahi whakamaroke rehu. Nō reira, me whakatau ngā āhuatanga tunu pai e te tae o te hua, te kakara, te hua, te whai huatanga ohaoha me ngā āhuatanga hoahoa taputapu whakaputa.
Kia tae ngā pīni kawhe ki te taumata tunu e hiahiatia ana, whakawetohia te ahi, kati te whakamahana, ka whakamatao tonu i ngā pīni kawhe. Ahakoa kua mutu te whakamahana, ka haere tonu te tunu i te wera i roto i ngā pīni kawhe mō tētahi wā, nō reira, i muri i te ringihanga o ngā pīni kawhe i te rūma tunu o te pahu, me tahuri te hau whakaputa hei whakamatao i a rātou kia kore ai e piki te pāmahana. I roto i te ahumahi, ka rehuhia he wai matao ki roto i te rūma tunu hei whakamatao, kātahi ka tukuna ngā pīni kawhe tunua i te rūma tunu hei whakamatao.
(III) Rokiroki Pūmau
He pai ake te penapena i ngā pīni kawhe tunua mō te rā kotahi kia mimiti ai te hauhā me ētahi atu hau, kia mimiti katoa ai te makuku o te rangi hei whakangawari i ngā pīni, ā, he pai tēnei mō te tango. Ko te rahi o te matūriki huri e pā ana ki te taputapu tango e whakamahia ana. He pai ngā matūriki pai mō te tangohanga tino whai hua engari ka ārai i te tātari i muri mai, ko ngā matūriki matotoru he uaua ki te tango engari he māmā ake ki te tātari. Ko te whānui toharite o ngā matūriki kawhe whenua he tata ki te 1.5 mm.
(IV) Tangohanga
Ko te tangohanga te wāhanga matua tino uaua o te tukanga hanga kawhe inamata. Ko te taputapu e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te tangohanga ka kiia he taputapu tangohanga, he mea tito mai i ngā tāke tangohanga e 6 ki te 8 e honoa ana tetahi ki tetahi mā roto i ngā paipa, ā, ka taea te hanga kia rerekē hei waeine whakahaere.
(V) Te Wehenga Wai-Totoka
He nui ngā totoka e toe ana i te wai kawhe i tangohia. Me wehe te wai kawhe i waenganui i te totoka me te wai i mua i te kawe ki te tukanga e whai ake nei. Ka taea e te wehewehe pūrerehua te whakatutuki i te hua wehenga e hiahiatia ana.
(VI) Te Arotahi
Kua whakarōpūtia te kukū ki te kukū korehau, te kukū porotītaha me te kukū tio whānui. Hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamaroke, hei whakaiti i te haumi taputapu me te whakapaunga pūngao, ka whakapotohia te kukū totoka kia eke ki te neke atu i te 35%. Ka whakaitihia e te kukū korehau te pāmahana kohua o te wai ki te 60 nekehanga i roto i te pēhanga korehau neke atu i te 0.08Mpa. Kia tere ake ai te kukū o te wai. He mea hanga ki roto i te ipu. kāwhefee sltere whakaarote whakawhitiwhiti kōreronmitaKa āwhina i ngā whakamahinga whakamutunga mai i te whakatau kukū auau me te whakararuraru mā te aroturuki tika i te wā tūturu. Ko te kukū o te kukū i te nuinga o te wā kāore e neke ake i te 60% (refractometer). Nā te mea he teitei ake te pāmahana o te wai kukū e puta mai ana i te pourewa mimiti i te pāmahana rūma, me whakamatao i mua i te tukunga ki te tāke rokiroki hei whakaiti i te ngaronga.
(VII) Whakamaroke Rehu
Ka haria tika te wai kukū ki te tihi o te pourewa whakamaroke rehu mā te papu pēhanga, ka rehuhia ki te kohu mā te pū rehu pēhanga, ā, ka whakamarokehia hei paura i raro i te wera me te hau i te 250°C pea. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te hangarau whakamaroke korehau, te hangarau whakamaroke tio rānei mō te whakamaroke. Ko te hangarau whakamaroke tio he whakatio i te kawhe kukū i te pāmahana iti, ā, ka whakatiohia te wai i roto hei matūriki tioata hukapapa, kātahi ka whakamahanahia, ka whakamāeneenehia i raro i ngā āhuatanga korehau teitei hei whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te whakamaroke pāmahana iti. I muri i te tukatuka i te kukū, ka taea te mahi i te maimoatanga tāpiri e tika ana ki te kukū, ā, ka taea hoki te whakawhanake hei inu wai.
Pāwhiri ki konei mō ētahi atungā otinga mō te aroturuki kukū ā-roto. Ka taea rānei e koe te whakapā atuMita Ronatika ki ō hiahia motuhake.
Te wā tuku: 10-Pepuere-2025
