Te Ine i te Matotoru ā-Rīni i roto i te Tukanga Whakaranu Uku

III. Te Ine i te Matatini ā-Rāina

Importte ofIne Rorohiko Ine Matao Āwhata ā-Rāina

TeMita Rona Ine Matawai Āwhata ā-Rāinaka puta hei otinga pakari i hangaia mō te taiao uaua o te hanga uku, e whakamahi ana i ngā mātāpono wiri hei tuku aromatawai tika, tonu, me te kore e whakararuraru i te rere.

Ko tana tikanga whakahaere e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kite i ngā panonitanga o te auau haruru i te wā e wiri ana te ine i roto i te awa uku, e whakamaori ana i ēnei rerekētanga ki ngā pānui matotoru tika e tu atu ana i ngā kaha o ngā mahi pāmahana teitei tae atu ki te 450°C me ngā pēhanga e whai ana i ngā āhuatanga tūturu o te tipu.

Te Kohi Raraunga me te Tukunga Wā-Tūturu

Terotoineaspālt matotoruometeri roto i ngā paipa, i ngā tāke rokiroki, memīhini whakaranu ukusKa āwhina i te hopu tere i ngā raraunga matotoru, me ngā rauropi tukatuka tohu matatau e huri ana i ngā whakaurunga wiri mata ki ngā inenga mahi ka whakaaturia tonutia ki ngā atanga whakahaere.

Ko ngā painga o tēnei pūnaha—te iti o ngā whakaritenga tiaki me te manawanui i te wera nui—e whakaatu ana i tēnei hei taputapu tino nui mā ngā tohunga e hiahia ana ki te whakapai ake i tā rātou tirotiro i tete tukanga whakaranu uku, me te whakarite kia whai whakaaro, kia whai hua hoki ia whakarerekētanga.

V. Te Whakaurunga ki ngā Pūnaha Whakaranu Uku

Te whakanoho o AparaparaVine irahikosi roto i te Tukanga Whakaranu

Me whakanoho aua mita ki roto i ngā tāke rokiroki uku hei aroturuki i te pumau o te here, i te taha rānei o ngā rārangi whāngai e anga atu ana ki ngā mīhini whakaranu hei manatoko i mua i te ranunga, hei whakanui ake i tōna whai huatanga me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea mai i ngā raruraru miihini pēnei i te wiri papu, i ngā nekehanga wera ohorere rānei. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakamahi i ngā awa raraunga kore e mutu e whakaata ana i ngā āhuatanga tukanga pono.

Te Whakauru Raraunga ki ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Tukanga

Whakakotahitia ngā raraunga matotoru ki ngā Pūmana Arorau Whakahōtaka (PLC) me ngā tūāpapa Mana Whakahaere me te Kohi Raraunga (SCADA), ka hangaia he pūnaha kotahi e akiakihia ai ngā urupare aunoa e ngā māramatanga wā-tūturu, pērā i te whakarerekē i ngā rere tāpiri, te whakatikatika rānei i ngā pāmahana kia mau tonu ai ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana. Ehara i te mea ka whakanui noa i te tika o tēnei huarahi honohono engari ka whakamanahia hoki ngā tīma ki te urupare tere ki ngā pekapeka.

Aunoatanga me te Mana Urutau

Mā roto i ngā rauropi matatau e whakarerekē ana i ngā wāhanga whakamahana hei whakautu ki te urupare matotoru, ka whakaitihia e te pūnaha te rerekētanga, ka taea ai te mahi kore mahi e whakaiti ana i ngā hapa tangata, ā, ka whakarei ake i te ōritetanga puta noa i ngā puranga. I a mātou e whakauru ana i ēnei tikanga urutau, ka puta te whakaiti i te tirotiro ā-ringa ki ngā putanga haumaru ake, e matapaetia ana, he taunakitanga whakamīharo mō te take e whakatairanga ana ngā whare anga whakamua i aua auahatanga.

TuarimaNeke atu i tehaere mai Ngā Weroin Inrārangi Viskōhity Meatinote mātauranga

Ngā āhuatanga taiao

Ko te hoahoa pakari me te hanganga kapi katoa o temita waikeri uku ā-roto he rawaka hei tu atu i ngā āhuatanga tino kino, tae atu ki te pikinga o te pāmahana i waenga i te 150 me te 200°C me te kohu uku waikura. Ko ngā poke pēnei i te konganuku ngaro, te puehu hau, te urunga makuku kāore i te whakaarohia, ka noho hei mōrearea ki te tika o te ine.

Te Rerekētanga o te Āpara

Ko ngā momo hanganga uku rerekē — mai i ngā momo whakarei ake i te polymer e whakanui ana i te ngāwari ki ngā kōwhiringa hangarua, ranunga mahana rānei e aro ana ki te pumau — e hiahiatia anangā mita tirohangahe maha ngā āhuatanga ka taea te urutau me te kore e whakarerekētia anō, e aro ana ki ngā āhuatanga tairongo ka taea te whakapē i ngā pānui.

• He maha ngā wā ka puta te kore ōritetanga mai i ngā rerekētanga o ngā rauemi mata mai i ngā puna hinu mata, ā, kāore e ranea ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-wā hei hopu i ngā rerekētanga o te wā tūturu.
• Ka rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te hua i ngā pānga o te koroheketanga i te wā e rongoa ana, e kawe ana hoki, ā, me aroturuki tonu kia tere ai te whakatinana i ngā mahi whakatikatika.
• Ka werohia te pumau o te pūoko i ngā taiao mahi uaua me ngā huringa pāmahana me ngā wiri, engari he pai rawa atu ngā hoahoa wiri mā te kore e aro ki ngā tere rere.

VII. Ngā tono

Te Mana Kounga i roto i te Hanga Rori

Mā ngā inenga ā-roto ka tiakina mai i ngā puranga iti iho i te pai, ka tino whakaiti i ngā reiti whakakorenga me te whakapakari i ngā rārangi wā kaupapa.

• Mā ngā whakarerekētanga wā-tūturu i te wā whakaputa ka aunoa te whakaranu, ka whakaitihia ngā whakatikatika i muri i te tukanga me te para rauemi.
• Mā te ārai i te pirau o ngā rawa i te wā e kawe ana ka whakarite kia ōrite te papa whakatakoto papa, ka whakapiki ake i te pono o te whakakīkī.
• Mā te hononga ki ngā whakamātautau ātete rutting, pērā i te Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), ka hāngai ngā putanga ki ngā aratohu AASHTO mō ngā putanga pai ake.

Arotau i te Whai Hua o te Pūngao

Mā ngā raraunga matotoru tūturu ka taea te whakarerekē i te whakaurunga whakamahana hei whakaiti i te whakamahinga wahie kore e hiahiatia, hei whakatairanga i te mahi hiroki e hangai ana ki ngā whakaritenga taiao me ngā whāinga penapena utu. I tēnei wā e ārahi ana te pumau i ngā whakataunga, ka whakaitihia e tēnei arotautanga ngā tukunga me te pupuri i te kounga.

• Mā ngā tātari raraunga nui mai i ngā inenga kua kohia ka taea te tiaki matapae, ka whakapiki ake i te roa o te wā me te kaha o ngā taputapu.
• Ka tautoko te whakaurunga i ngā auahatanga porowhita, ka taea ai te whakahaere i ngā momo uku hou me ngā whakatakotoranga kua whakaritea.
• Ka whai wāhi ngā tukanga ine kore-tukunga ki ngā mahi matomato, ā, ka kukume mai i ngā kaipupuri whakaaro nui ki te taiao.

 Ka huri te pūmanawa whakarerekētanga o te ine matotoru ā-roto i roto i te tukanga whakaranu uku, ka hiki ake i te mana kounga me te whai huatanga mahi ki ngā taumata e tautuhi anō ana i ngā paearu ahumahi. Tonoa te mita matotoru ā-roto hei iriti i ngā ara ki te whakaputa uku pumau me te whai hua.