TeTukanga Benfieldhe tūāpapa mō te ahumahite purenga hau, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu matū hei tango i te hauhā waro (CO2) me te hauwai whanariki (H2S) mai i ngā awa hau, kia puta ai he putanga parakore teitei mō ngā tono i roto i te hanga haukini, te hanga hauwai, me te tukatuka hau māori. He mea nui te whakahaere tika i te kukū o tēnei otinga horoi hei ārai i ngā wero whakahaere pēnei i te pahuka, te whakaiti i te pai o te mimiti, te waikura rānei o ngā taputapu.Ngā mita kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rotomengā tātari kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rototuku i tētahi otinga whakarerekētanga mā te whakarato i te aroturukitanga tonu, ā-wā tonu o ngā taumata K2CO3 me te pāhare pākawa waro (KHCO3), e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te arotau i tetukanga purenga haume te whakatutuki i ngā penapena utu nui.
E tūhuratia ana e tēnei aratohu whānui ngā tikanga o teTe Tukanga Benfield mō te tango i te hau waikawa, me ō rātou painga mō ngā ahumahi pēnei ingā whare whakaputa haukini,ngā whare hanga hauwai,ngā whare tukatuka hau māori,ngā whare hanga matū,ngā tipu whakaiti rino tika, mengā tipu whakapūnga waroMā te whakauru i ēnei taputapu matatau, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga, te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture pakari, me te tuku i ngā putanga hau kounga teitei, ōrite hoki.
Te Matū me te Āhuahanga o te Tukanga Benfield
TeTukanga Benfield, i whakawhanakehia e te Tari Maina o Amerika, ā, i raihanahia e UOP (ināianei he wāhanga o Honeywell), he tukanga whakarewa hurihuri, i whakahoutia e te wera e whakamahi ana i te otinga K2CO3 wera hei tango i te CO2 me te H2S mai i ngā awa hau. He tikanga pono mōte purenga haui roto i ngā ahumahi e hiahia ana ki ngā hau parakore teitei, pērā i te hanga haukini mō ngā maniua, te hanga hauwai mō te whakamahine, me te tukatuka hau māori mō ngā whakaritenga paipa. E rua ngā wāhanga matua o te tukanga: te mimiti me te whakaora.
I te wā mimiti, ka whakaurua te awa hau ki raro o te pou mimiti, ka rere te iahiko whakamuri ki te wairewa K2CO3 wera (te nuinga o te wā 20–30 wt%) i ngā pāmahana i waenga i te 100°C me te 110°C me ngā pēhanga teitei.
Ka mimitia hoki te H2S, ka puta mai ētahi atu hua tauhohenga. Ka puta te hau parakore i te tihi o te ngongo, ko te otinga momona, kua utaina ki te KHCO3, ka whakawhitia ki te kaiwhakaora (tīpa). I te wāhanga whakaora, ka whakamahanahia te otinga ki te mamaoa, ka tukuna rānei ki te whakahekenga pēhanga, ka hurihia te tauhohenga kia tukuna te CO2 me te H2S, ā, ka whakahokia mai te otinga K2CO3 hei whakamahi anō. Mā tēnei tukanga huringa ka mau tonu te mahi, engari ko tōna whai huatanga ka whakawhirinaki ki te pupuri i ngā kukū K2CO3 me te KHCO3 tino pai hei karo i ngā raruraru whakahaere.
He aha te mea nui o te whakahaere arotahi
He mea nui te whakahaere tika i te kukū o te otinga K2CO3 mō ētahi take. Mā te nui rawa o ngā taumata KHCO3 ka puta he huka i roto i te ngongo, ka whakararu i te hononga o te hau me te wai, ka whakaiti i te pai o te mimiti CO2, ā, ka tūpono te kino o ngā taputapu. I tetahi atu taha, ki te kore e ranea ngā kukū K2CO3 ka whakaiti i te kaha o te otinga ki te mimiti i ngā hau waikawa, ka hua ake te purenga kāore i oti, me te kore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hua. Hei tāpiri, mā ngā kukū hē ka piki ake te whakapaunga pūngao i te wā whakaora, nā te mea he nui ake te mamaoa e hiahiatia ana e ngā otinga momona rawa hei tuku i ngā hau kua hopukina, ā, ka kaha ake te waikura i roto i ngā taputapu nā te āhua kawakore o te otinga.
I ngā wā o mua, i whakawhirinaki te aroturukitanga kukū ki te tauira ā-ringa me te tātari taiwhanga, he tukanga e nui ana te mahi, e ngāwari ana ki te whakaroa, ā, kāore e taea te whakarato i ngā māramatanga wā-tūturu. Ka taea e ēnei herenga te arahi ki te koretake o te tukanga, te pikinga o ngā utu whakahaere, me te takahi pea i ngā ture.Ngā mita kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rotote aro atu ki ēnei wero mā te tuku i ngā inenga tonu, tika hoki, kia taea ai ngā whakarerekētanga tonu hei pupuri i ngā āhuatanga tukanga tino pai, hei whakarei ake hoki i te mahi a teTukanga BenfieldKaihoroi.
Ngā Hua e Manakohia ana
Te Mahi a ngā Mita Kukū ā-Rāina
Ngā mita kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rotorāneingā tātaritangahe aroturuki tukanga ā-roto matatau i hangaia hei ine i te K2CO3me te KHCO3ngā kukū tika i roto i te awa tukanga, ka kore e hiahiatia he tauira ā-ringa. Kua hangaia ēnei taputapu kia mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua o teTukanga Benfield, tae atu ki ngā pāmahana teitei (tae atu ki te 110°C) me ngā pēhanga, ā, he mea hanga ki ngā rauemi ātete-waikura hei tu atu i te taiao kawakore o te wai horoi.
He maha ngā hangarau e whakamahia ana i roto i ēnei mita, ā, he painga motuhake tō ia mita:
Inenga UltrasonicKa inehia e ēnei mita te tere o te oro i roto i te wai, e pā ana ki tōna matotoru me te kukū. Kāore tēnei tikanga e pāngia e te kawe hiko, te tae, te mārama rānei o te otinga, ā, he tino pono mō teTe Tukanga Benfield mō te CO2te tango. Mā te tika o te ine i waenga i te 0.05% ki te 0.1%, ka whakaratohia e ngā mita kukū ultrasonic ngā raraunga tika hei pupuri i te ōwehenga tino pai o te kawakawa-ki-paikāpōnate.
Te Ine i te AhumahiKa aromatawaihia e ēnei mita te kawe hiko o te otinga, e rerekē ana i runga i te kukū o ngā iona K+ me HCO3-. He iti te utu o ngā mita kawe hiko, ā, he pai mō te aroturuki i ngā huringa ionic engari me utu pea te pāmahana kia tika ai.
Te Ine i te KiatoMā te ine i te mātotoru o te otinga, e neke haere ana me te ōwehenga o te K2CO3 me te KHCO3, ka whakaratohia e ēnei mita he tohu pono mō te kukū. He tika ngā mita mātotoru engari me whakatikatika pea mō ngā rerekētanga pāmahana.
Te Ine i te CoriolisAhakoa e whakamahia ana mō te ine rere, ka taea hoki e ngā mita Coriolis te ine i te mātotoru me te tino tika (hei tauira, ±0.001g/cc), e tuku ana i tētahi tikanga kore-rere hei whakatau i te kukū i roto i ngā ranunga wāhanga-rua pērā i te K2CO3 me ngā otinga KHCO3.
Ko ēnei mita ka tāutahia ki roto i te paipa i waenganui i te ngongo me te kaiwhakaora, i roto rānei i te raina tukunga anō, kia tino aroturukitia ai tepūnaha purenga hauMā te whakarato raraunga wā-tūturu, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te kite me te whakatika tonu i ngā pekapeka kukū, ā, ka ārai i ngā raruraru pēnei i te huka, te mimiti kore rānei.
Ngā Rautaki Tāutanga me te Whakaurunga
Hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga ongā tātari kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-roto, he mea nui te tāutanga rautaki. Me whakanoho ngā mita ki ngā wāhi tino nui, pērā i te paipa mai i te ngongo mimiti ki te kaiwhakaora me te raina tukurua otinga kikokore, hei hopu i ngā huringa kukū puta noa i te tukanga. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha tāpiri hei whakarite i te mahi tonu i te wā tiaki, hei whakaiti i te wā whakatā.
Mā te whakaurunga ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu ka taea ngā whakarerekētanga aunoa, pērā i te whakahaere i te inenga K2CO3, te whakaurunga mamaoa rānei, i runga i ngā raraunga wā-tūturu. He mea nui te whakatikatika auau me ngā otinga paerewa hei pupuri i te tika, inā koa i roto i ngā āhuatanga hihiri o teTe tukanga tango CO2 a Benfield.
| Hangarau | Ngā Painga | Ngā tono i roto i te Tukanga Benfield |
| Ultrasonic | Te tino tika, kāore e pāngia e te kawe hiko | Te aroturuki i te K2CO3/KHCO3 i roto i ngā paipa mimiti |
| Te kawe i te hiko | He iti te utu, he māmā te whakatinana | Te aroturuki i ngā huringa katote i roto i te otinga horoi |
| Kiato | Pono mō te whakatau kukū | Te ine i te mātotoru o te otinga i roto i te kaiwhakaora |
| Kōriori | Kore-aukati, tino tika | Te aroturukitanga whānui i roto i ngā pūnaha rere nui |
E whakamārama ana tēnei ripanga i ngā hangarau matua e whakamahia ana i roto imita kukū, e whakaatu ana i tō rātou whaihua mō teTukanga Benfield.
Ngā Painga o ngā Mita Kukū ā-Rīpene
Te Whakapai Ake i te Whai Huatanga Whakahaere
Te tangohanga ongā mita kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rotoKa tino whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā mahi i roto i ngā tipu matū. Mā te whakarato raraunga tonu, ā-tūturu, ka taea e ēnei mita te kite me te whakatika i ngā rerekētanga kukū i te wā tonu, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā raruraru tukanga. Hei tauira, mā te aukati i te huka i puta mai i ngā taumata KHCO3 teitei ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao i roto i te kaiwhakaora, nā te mea he iti ake te mamaoa e hiahiatia ana hei tuku i ngā hau kua hopukina. Mā te arotau i te horopeta K2CO3 ka whakaitihia hoki te para o ngā rauemi mata, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere.
In ngā whare whakaputa haukini, mā te whakahaere kukū tika ka whakarite kia rite te kounga o te hau whakahiato, ka whakaiti i ngā utu pūngao e pā ana ki te mahi anō.ngā whare tukatuka hau māori, mā te pupuri i ngā taumata K2CO3 tino pai ka tutuki ngā whakaritenga o ngā paipa, ka karohia ngā whiu utu nui. E ai ki ngā whakatau tata a te ahumahi ka taea e ngā tipu e whakamahi ana i ngā mita ā-roto te penapena pūngao tae atu ki te 15% me te whakaiti i te wā mahi mā te aunoa i ngā tukanga aroturuki, ka kore ai e hiahiatia te tango tauira ā-ringa.
Te Whakapūmau i te Kounga me te Whakatutukitanga o te Hua
TeTukanga Benfieldhe mea tino nui mō te whakaputa hau e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa parakore pakari, pērā i te iti o te CO2 me te H2S mō te hanga haukini, mō ngā paipa hau māori rānei.Ngā mita kukū ā-rotokia mau tonu te hanganga tika o te otinga horoi, kia puta ai he hau parakore kounga teitei. Hei tauira, i roto ingā whare hanga hauwai, mā te mana whakahaere tika ka tautoko i te parakore o te hauwai mō ngā tukanga whakamahine, i roto ingā whare hanga matū, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā matū parakore-teitei pērā i te ethylene oxide.
I te mea e piki haere ana ngā ture taiao, he mea nui te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Mā ngā mita ā-ipurangi ka āwhina ngā tipu ki te whakaatu i te piripono ki ngā paerewa tukunga mā te pupuri i te tango CO2 whai hua, me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā whiu, ngā whakararuraru mahi rānei. He mea tino nui tēnei i roto ingā tipu whakapūnga waro, te wāhi e hira ai te parakore o te hauhanga synga mō ngā tono o muri mai, ā, i roto ingā tipu whakaiti rino tika, ina pā te kounga o te hau ki te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga.
Te Penapena Utu me te Uara Mo Te Wā Roa
Ngā painga pūtea ongā tātari kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rotohe nui. Mā te whakahaere aunoa i te aroturukitanga kukū, ka whakaitihia e ēnei taputapu ngā utu mahi e pā ana ki te tauira ā-ringa, ka taea te penapena tae atu ki te haora ia rā i roto i ngā mahi nui. Ka whakaitihia hoki e rātou te para mā te ārai i te nui rawa, te iti rawa rānei o te horopeta o te K2CO3, ka arotau i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakaiti i te whakamahinga pūngao i te wāhanga whakaora, ka taea e ngā tipu te whakatutuki i ngā penapena utu nui, inā koa i roto i ngā ahumahi e kaha ana te kaha pēnei i tete tukatuka hau māorimete whakaputanga haukini.
Ka whakarei ake anō te uara mō te wā roa e te pakari o ēnei mita, he mea hanga ki ngā rauemi ātete-waikura hei tu atu i te taiao kawakore o tetukanga purenga hau. Nā te iti o ngā whakaritenga tiaki me te kaha ki te whakauru atu ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere o nāianei, he haumitanga utu-whai hua ēnei mō ngā tipu matū e rapu ana ki te whakapai ake i ā rātouTe Tukanga Benfield mō te tango i te hau waikawa.
Te Kōwhiri i te Mita Kukū ā-Rāina Tika
Ngā Paearu Kōwhiri Matua
Te whiriwhiri i te mea e tika anamita kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rotome āta whakaaroaro ki ētahi āhuatanga kia rite ai ki ngā hiahia whakahaere o ngā tipu matū:
- Te Tika me te PonoMe whakarato te mita i ngā inenga tika (hei tauira, 0.05%–0.1% te tika) i raro i ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga teitei o teTukanga Benfieldkia mau tonu ai te mahi.
- Ātete ki te Pāmahana me te PēhangaMe tu atu ki ngā āhuatanga mahi tae atu ki te 110°C me ngā pēhanga teitei, me te hanganga pakari hei whakahaere i te otinga kawakore.
- Hototahitanga RauemiMe hanga ngā pūoko mai i ngā rauemi ātete-waikura, pērā i ngā koranu motuhake, kia roa ai te ora i roto i te taiao matū kino.
- Ngāwari o te Tāutanga me te TiakiMe hono pai te pūnaha ki ngā paipa o nāianei, ā, me iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana hei whakaiti i te wā kore mahi.
- Whakaurunga RaraungaHe mea nui te hototahi ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu mō te takiuru raraunga wā-tūturu me ngā whakarerekētanga aunoa, hei whakarei ake i te whakahaere tukanga.
Mā ēnei paearu ka tutuki i te mita kua whiriwhiria ngā whakaritenga motuhake ongā whare whakaputa haukini, ngā whare hanga hauwai, ngā whare tukatuka hau māori, ngā whare hanga matū, ngā tipu whakaiti rino tika, mengā tipu whakapūnga waro.
Ngā Hangarau me ngā Whakaaro e Wātea ana
He maha ngā momomita kukūhe pai mō ngāTukanga Benfield, he rerekē ngā painga o ia tangata, o ia tangata.Lonnmeter uHe tino tika ngā mita irahiko, ā, kāore e pāngia e ngā āhuatanga o te otinga, he mea pai mō ngā ranunga uaua. He iti te utu o ngā mita kawe hiko engari me utu pea te pāmahana. Ka whakaratohia e ngā mita kiato ngā raraunga kukū pono engari me whakatikatika mō ngā rerekētanga pāmahana. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu o ngā mita Coriolis, ka tukuna he inenga kore-rere, ā, he pai mō ngā pūnaha rere-rahi.
Me arotake e ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu ēnei hangarau i runga i ngā āhuatanga tukanga motuhake, pērā i te awhe kukū e tumanakohia ana (hei tauira, 20–30 wt% K2CO3), te pāmahana, me ngā here tahua. Mō ngā tono parakore teitei, pērā i roto ingā whare hanga matū, he pai ake pea ngā mita ultrasonic, ngā mita Coriolis rānei mō tōna tika.
FAQs
Me pēhea te whakapai ake a ngā Mita Kukū ā-Rīpene i te Tukanga Benfield?
Ngā mita kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rotowhakarato i te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu o K2CO3me te KHCO3ngā taumata, me te whakarite kia mau tonu te hanganga pai o te otinga horoi kia whai hua aite purenga hauMā te ārai i ngā raruraru pēnei i te pahuka, te mimiti koretake rānei, ka whakarei ake i te mahi a teKaiwhakakore Tukanga Benfield, e tuku ana i ngā putanga hau kounga teitei mō ngā tono i roto ite whakaputanga haukinimete tukatuka hau māori.
He aha ngā hua o te utu mō te whakamahi i ngā mita kukū ā-roto?
ēneimita kukūwhakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere mā te whakahaere aunoa i te aroturuki, te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga mahi, me te ārai i te para mai i te inenga hē. Ka arotauhia hoki e rātou te whakamahinga pūngao i te wāhanga whakaora, ka tukuna he penapena tae atu ki te 15% i roto i ngā ahumahi e kaha ana te pūngao pēnei ite whakaputanga hauwaimewhakapūngao waro.
Ka taea e ngā Mita Kukū ā-Rīpene te tu atu i ngā Āhuatanga o te Tukanga Benfield?
Houngā tātari kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rotokua hangaia kia mahi pono i raro i ngā pāmahana teitei (tae atu ki te 110°C) me ngā pēhanga o teTukanga BenfieldHe mea hanga ki ngā rauemi ātete-waikura, ā, ka roa te mahi i roto i te taiao kawakore opūnaha purenga hau.
Whakamutunga
Ngā mita kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rotomengā tātaritangahe mea tino nui mō te arotau i teTukanga Benfield, e āhei ai ngā tipu matū ki te whakatutuki i te mana whakahaere tika mō te K2CO3me te KHCO3ngā kukū. Mā te whakarato raraunga wā-tūturu, ka whakarei ake ēnei taputapu i te whai huatanga ote purenga hau, ārai i ngā raruraru whakahaere pēnei i te pahuka, me te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa taiao me te kounga pakari.
Mō ngā ahumahi pēnei ingā whare whakaputa haukini,ngā whare hanga hauwai,ngā whare tukatuka hau māori,ngā whare hanga matū,ngā tipu whakaiti rino tika, mengā tipu whakapūnga waro, te tango i ēnei matataumita kukūhe haumitanga rautaki e hua mai ana he penapena utu nui me te hiranga whakahaere. Whakapā maimita roai tēnei rā hei tūhura i ngā mea kua whakariteangā mita kukū pāhare pākawa waro ā-rotome te iriti i te pūmanawa katoa o tōutukanga purenga hau.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-26-2025
