Ko te whakahaere whai hua o te kukū cyanide kore utu i roto i te tukanga tango cyanide koura me ine i te wā tūturu i roto i ngā ara iahiko tango. Ko ngā tātaritanga ā-roto, e tū tika ana i roto i ngā paipa paru, i ngā tāke rānei, ka aroturuki tonu i ngā kukū cyanide kore utu, cyanide toenga, me te cyanide WAD. Ka whakakorea e ēnei taputapu ngā whakaroa tauira ā-ringa, ka whakaitihia ngā mōrearea o te hapa a te kaiwhakahaere, ā, ka tukuna ngā raraunga tukanga ia 3–10 meneti, ka tautoko i te whakatau tere i roto i ngā taiao tipu hihiri.
Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Whakarewa Cyanide mō te Tango Koura
Ko te tango i te koura mā te cyanide te tūāpapa o te whakaora koura hydrometallurgical, e āhei ai te tango mai i ngā konganuku iti te kounga me ngā konganuku matatini. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka hurihia te koura mai i tōna āhua konganuku taketake ki tētahi matatini wairewa, i te nuinga o te wā mā te whakamahi i te konutai cyanide (NaCN) i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore kaha. Ko te tauhohenga matū nui ko te koura, ngā katote cyanide, me te hāora ngota, ka hua ake te hanganga o te matatini cyanide koura pumau [Au(CN)_2]^–—he tauhohenga matua ki te tango koura ahumahi:
4 Au + 8 CN⁻ + O₂ + 2 H₂O → 4 [Au(CN)₂]⁻ + 4 OH⁻
He mea nui te pupuri i te kukū cyanide e tika ana, te hāora rewa e ranea ana, me te pH kawakore (te nuinga o te wā >10) hei whakahaere i te rewatanga me te whakahaere haumaru, nā te mea ka pehia e ngā āhuatanga kawakore te hanganga hau hauwai cyanide paitini. He kaha te awe o ēnei tawhā ki te tere o te horoinga, tae atu ki te kiato penupenu me te rahi o te matūriki—he taurangi e arotauhia ana i roto i ngā mahi tipu me te tohutoro i roto i ngā rangahau cyanidation koura matatau. Hei tāpiri, ko te mineralogy o ngā konganuku me te noho mai o ngā poke, pērā i ngā katote parahi, ka taea te whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te tukanga mā te whakataetae mō te cyanide me te hanga i ngā matatini kāore e hiahiatia ana e whakanui ana i te whakamahinga o ngā matū me te whakaiti i ngā reiti whakaora koura.
Te Aroturuki Ipurangi i te Cyanide me te Koura i roto i te Otinga Horoi Koura
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Kāore e taea te whakataurite i te tukanga tango cyanide koura i roto i te māmā o te mahi, te whai hua o te utu, me ngā hua tango mō te nuinga o ngā momo konganuku. Ko ngā whanaketanga hou ko te whakatauira thermodynamic me te kinetic hei matapae i te whanonga tango, te arotau i te kukū cyanide kore utu, me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga nui o te matū mā te whakapai ake i te tātari kukū tango penupenu me te ine i te mātotoru o te wai koura. Kua whai wāhi hoki te mita kukū ultrasonic Lonnmeter mō te ine cyanide ki te aroturuki kukū cyanide tika ake me te wā-tūturu i roto i ngā mahi keri, e whakahaere ana i te whakahaere tika o ngā āhuatanga tango me te whakaiti i te para.
Ahakoa te nuinga o ngā mahi ahumahi e whakamahia ana te cyanide hei tango koura, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā tikanga tango koura kore-cyanide nā te pikinga ake o ngā āwangawanga taiao me ngā ture. Ko ngā hangarau rerekē pēnei i te thiosulfate me te hypobromite leaching e tuku ana i ngā huarahi tango koura e pai ana ki te taiao, ā, kua whakaatuhia he hua whakaora koura whakataetae i roto i ngā rangahau taiwhanga me ngā tipu whakamātautau. Hei tauira, ko te tukanga a Dundee Sustainable Technologies e whakamahi ana i te konutai hypobromite hei whakakapi i te cyanide, e whakatutuki ana i te tango koura tere me te whakakore i ngā mōrearea o te maimoatanga me te whakakorenga o te cyanide rechate. Heoi, ko te whakatinanatanga i te tauine nui e werohia ana e ngā āhuatanga tae atu ki te utu, te whakaurunga tukanga, me te hototahi motuhake ki te konganuku.
Ko te whiriwhiri tukanga i waenga i ngā huarahi cyanide me te kore-cyanide e whakawhirinaki ana ki te taurite o te whakaora koura mai i te wai rere cyanide, te whaihua hangarau, ngā utu whakahaere, te pānga taiao, me te tutuki i ngā ture. Ko te wai rere cyanide tonu te tikanga pai mō te nuinga o ngā mahi keri nā te mea ka taea te matapae i te tere o te wai rere i roto i te wai rere koura me ngā mōrearea taiao ka taea te whakahaere ina honoa ki ngā pūnaha aroturuki kukū cyanide pakari. He rerekē, ko ngā hangarau wai rere cyanide matatau me ngā huarahi pai ki te taiao e whakarato ana i ngā ara nui mō ngā maina e pāngia ana e ngā take raihana pāpori, ngā momo konganuku uaua, ngā taiao ture pakari rānei. Ko ngā taupatupatu o ia tikanga me arotake marie i te kukū cyanide kore utu me te toenga i roto i te wai rere koura, te mātotoru o te penupenu, te hanganga wai rere, me ngā herenga motuhake ki te wāhi.
Te Matū me ngā Tikanga Tauhohenga i roto i te Whakarewatanga Cyanide Koura
Te Stoikiometry o te Whakarewatanga Koura: Ngā Taunekeneke Koura, Cyanide, me te Hāora
Ko te tukanga tango cyanide koura e whakahaeretia ana e te stoichiometry e whakaahuatia ana e te Whārite Elsner:
4 Au + 8 CN⁻ + O₂ + 2 H₂O → 4 [Au(CN)₂]⁻ + 4 OH⁻
E whakaatu ana tēnei tauhohenga i ngā mahi matua a te koura whakarewa, ngā iona cyanide kore utu (CN⁻), me te hāora ngota. Mā ia ira hāora ka taea te whakarewa i ngā ira koura e whā, ā, mā te cyanide ka hanga he matatini dicyanoaurate pumau ([Au(CN)₂]⁻). Me nui te cyanide me te hāora kia pai ai te tango koura mā te whakamahi i te cyanide leaching.
Te Tūranga o te Hāora hei Whakaoho; Te Pānga o te Taumata Hāora Whakarewa ki te Kinetika Reach
He matū whakapūngao nui te hāora e āwhina ana i te whakarewanga o te koura, engari kāore e pau i roto i te tikanga whakakorikori—he whai wāhi tonu ia ki te stoichiometric engari he maha ngā wā ka whakawhāiti i te tere tauhohenga i roto i ngā pūnaha ahumahi. Ko te tere o te tango koura, inā koa i roto i te whakahaere kukū tango penupenu, e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te kukū hāora rewa (DO). Ina nui rawa te cyanide kore utu, ka whakaiti tika te korenga o te hāora i ngā tere tango.
Hei tauira, ko te iti o te hāora rewa ka whakaiti i te pai o te horoinga ahakoa he nui te cyanide, ko te nui rawa o te DO mā te whakanui ake i te hau, te whakaohooho, te tāpiri rānei i te nanomirumiru hāora ka taea te whakapai ake i te tere me te whakaora koura. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga taiwhanga me te wāhi he nui rawa te inenga hāora nui i te hāora e wātea ana i te mata koura nā te ātete kawe i roto i te penupenu; he iti ake te DO tūturu i ngā atanga tauhohenga, e whakanui ana i te hiahia mō ngā rautaki whakahaere me te tohatoha hāora matatau.
Te Pānga o ngā Āhuatanga Kawakore (Whakatikatika pH) ki te Haumaru me te Whai Hua o te Pūnaha
Me tango te wai i te cyanide i roto i ngā āhuatanga kawakore rawa, arā, te pH 10–11.5. Mā tēnei awhe pH ka whakau te cyanide mā te whakatenatena i te noho mai o ngā momo CN⁻ kore utu me te pehi i te hanganga o te hau hauwai cyanide (HCN) e puta ana i te pH i raro i te 9.3, ā, ka puta he mōrearea paitini nui.
Ko te pH ka whakatikatikaina mā te whakamahi i te hauwai konutai (NaOH), te konutai kāponāte (Na₂CO₃), te raima rānei (Ca(OH)₂), me te whiriwhiringa e pāngia ana e te momo konganuku me te ōhanga whakahaere. Ko te whakamahinga o te raima, inā koa kei runga ake i te pH 11, ka taea te whakaroa i te tere whakarewa koura—he pānga e pā ana ki ngā huringa o ngā tauhohenga ā-mata kaua ki te wairewa hāora. Ko te pH tino tiketike me te raima e hono ana ki te hekenga o te pai o te horoi, inā koa kei te kitea te āheniki me ētahi atu poke, nā te rerekētanga o te mata, te kinetika matū rānei.
Hei pupuri i te haumaru me te whai hua o te tukanga whakapūkara koura, ka whakatinanahia e ngā tipu koura hou te aroturuki pH me te kukū cyanide aunoa i runga i te hangarau pūoko ā-roto. Mā tēnei ka noho tonu te tukanga i roto i te matapihi kawakore pai, ka whakaū i te cyanide kore utu, ka ārai i te hanganga HCN morearea, me te whakaiti hoki i te whakamahinga cyanide me te whakarewatanga poke kore e hiahiatia.
Te Hiranga o ngā Momo Cyanide: Te Kukū Cyanide Koreutu me te Kukū Cyanide Toenga i roto i te Tukanga
I roto i te tātaritanga kukū o te tangohanga penupenu, kāore e rite te wātea o ngā cyanide rewa katoa mō te tangohanga koura. Mā te tukanga ka wehewehea te cyanide kore utu me ngā momo cyanide toenga (uaua).
- Cyanide kore utu(te tapeke o te CN⁻ e wātea ana, ā, i te pH iti, te HCN) te matū hohe e āhei ai te whakarewa tika i te koura.
- Te cyanide toengahe mea tito mai i ngā matū whakarewa-cyanide (hei tauira, me te parahi, te rino, te konutea rānei). Kāore i te tino wātea ēnei momo mō te whakarewa koura, ka nui ake te kai cyanide, ā, ko rātou ngā tino whāinga i roto i te maimoatanga me te whakakorenga o ngā wai cyanide nā runga i ngā āwangawanga paitini.
He mea nui te whakahaere tika i ngā taumata cyanide kore utu hei whakanui ake i te hua tango koura me te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga cyanide. Mā ngā tikanga ine kukū cyanide kore utu ā-roto, tae atu ki ngā taputapu matatau pērā i te mita kukū ultrasonic Lonnmeter mō te ine cyanide, ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā tāpiringa matū i te wā tūturu. Mā tēnei ka mau tonu te whai huatanga, ā, ka whakawhāiti i ngā kukū cyanide toenga ki ngā taumata tika.
Ka taea e te nui o te cyanide toenga te tohu i ngā tauhohenga taha kāore e hiahiatia (hei tauira, te kai i te konganuku turanga), te whakahaere tukanga koretake, te hiahia rānei ki te matū tākai kua whakaritea - ina koa ka huri ki ngā huarahi kē atu ki te tākai koura e pai ana ki te taiao, ki ngā tikanga tākai koura kore-cyanide rānei. Ko te whakaora koura hou mai i ngā tukanga tākai cyanide e whakamahi ana i te aroturukitanga tonu o te tākai cyanide hei wāhanga o ngā hangarau tākai cyanide matatau hei akiaki i te whai huatanga o te tukanga, te haumaru, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao.
Ngā Taurangi Matua e Pā Ana ki te Tukanga Whakarewa Koura Cyanide
Ngā Āhuatanga me te Whakaritenga o te Kohatu
Ko te whai huatanga o te tango i te cyanide koura e whakawhirinaki ana ki te āhua o te konganuku, te rahi o te matūriki koura, me te maimoatanga i mua. Ko ngā konganuku kei roto te koura e mau ana i roto i ngā konganuku sulfide, inā koa te pyrite, e mōhiotia ana he ātete-wai, ā, he iti ngā tere tangohanga mēnā kāore i te whakatikatikaina tika. Hei tauira, ko ngā kukū whai-pyrite me nui ake ngā kukū cyanide, engari ka whakanui ake i te whakamahinga o ngā matū me ngā utu taiao, engari kāore e taurangi te whakaoranga koura ōrite. Ko te pikinga o ngā konganuku turanga pēnei i te parahi, te konutea, te rino rānei ka whakataetae ki te koura mō te cyanide, ka puta te whakamahinga koretake me te hanga paparanga passivation ki runga i te koura, ka aukati i te whakarewanga.
Ko ngā kohuke i mua i te tango i te koura pērā i te waro tūturu, me ngā kohuke gangue e mimiti ana i ngā matū koura, ka whakaiti i te pai o te tukanga. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakaahuatanga hohonu o ngā kohuke i mua i te hoahoa tukanga hei tautuhi i ngā momo raruraru me ō rātou whanaungatanga kakano. Ko te whakapai ake i te tangohanga ko te tautuhi mēnā kei te mira noa te koura—e wātea ana mō te cyanidation tika—kāore rānei i roto i te capsules me te hiahia kia tukatukahia i mua.
Ka pā tika te tohatoha rahi o te matūriki ki te tere o te tango i te koura i roto i te cyanidation. Mā te huri pai ake ka whakanui ake i te whakaaturanga o te mata, ka whakanui ake i ngā tere whakaora, engari ki tua atu i te rahi tino pai, ka whakaitihia te whai huatanga o te huri nui mā te hanga paru e aukati ana i te whakawhiti papatipu, ā, ka piki ake pea ngā ngaronga. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau, mō te maha o ngā konganuku, mā te whakanui ake i te ōwehenga o te koura kore utu i tētahi huri motuhake ka pai ake te urunga atu ki te cyanide me te kaha o te ahumahi. He pai te huri tino pai mō te koura kua kapihia, engari ka hua ake he nui rawa te kai matū, te kohikohi rānei.
Ka whiriwhiria ngā rautaki maimoatanga-mua i runga i te momo o te konganuku. Mā te maimoatanga-mua ā-ringa mā te huri tino pai ka nui ake te urunga atu ki te koura kua kapihia. Ka pakaruhia ngā matrices whanariki kino e ngā maimoatanga matū pēnei i te tango waikawa, waikawa rānei. Ka hurihia e ngā maimoatanga wera, pēnei i te tunu, ngā whanariki ki ngā waikura, ka māmā ake te tango i te koura. Mā te whakakōkī-mua—te tāpiri i te raima i mua i te tango—ka pumau te pH, ā, ka ārai i te hanganga momo wairewa, tauhohe. Hei tauira, ka taea e te tunu waikawa kawakore me te tunu rua-wāhanga te whakanui ake i te whakaoranga mō ngā konganuku ātete momo Carlin. Mō ngā toenga ātete o Āwherika ki te Tonga, ka pai ake te tere o te tango koura i te whakakotahitanga o ngā maimoatanga-mua ā-ringa me te matū i ngā huarahi e rua anake.
Ngā Tikanga Whakarewa Mahi
Te Arotau i te Kukū o te Cyanide
Me whakahaere pai te kukū o te cyanide i roto i te wairewa. Ka whakaroa te wairewa i te korenga o te cyanide kore utu, ā, ka tāpirihia he utu me te taumahatanga taiao e te taikaha, engari kāore e piki ake te whakaora koura. E tautuhia ana e ngā rangahau take te 600 ppm hei taumata tino pai mō ētahi konganuku, e tautoko ana i te wairewa katoa engari e whakaiti ana i te moumou moni. Mā te aroturuki tonu i te kukū o te cyanide me te inenga aunoa—mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu pēnei i te mita kukū ultrasonic Lonnmeter—ka taea ai te tāpiri i te matū kua whakatikatikaina kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga konganuku, ā, ka whakau i ngā utu whakahaere.
Te Matotoru o te Wai Whakarewa me te Kukū Wai Whakarewa
He mea nui te mātotoru o te penupenu—te ōwehenga totoka-ki-wai—i roto i te whakawhiti papatipu me te whakaora koura. Mā te mātotoru iti o te penupenu ka pai ake te tango koura nā te nui ake o te nekenekehanga o te otinga me te urunga atu ki te matū, engari ka nui ake ngā utu whakahaere wai me te matū. Mā te mātotoru teitei ake ka whakaitihia te whakamahinga o te matū, engari ka tūpono te tango koretake nā te ngoikore o te whakawhiti papatipu. Me āta tātari i te kukū tango penupenu me te ine i te mātotoru o te wai koura hei whakapai ake i te tukanga.
Te Whakaohooho me te Whakahaere Pāmahana
He mea nui te whakaoho tika mō te whakatarewa i ngā matūriki me te whakatairanga i te hononga whai hua i waenga i te cyanide rewa me te koura. Ko te nui ake o te whakaoho ka whakanui ake i te pai o te tango, inā koa mō ngā konganuku e ngawari ana ki te memeha, ki te kohikohi rānei i ngā matūriki. Heoi, ko te whakaoho kaha rawa ka arahi pea ki te ngaronga tinana, ki ngā tauhohenga taha kore e hiahiatia mō te hāora. Waihoki, ko te pikinga o te pāmahana ka tere ake te memeha o te koura, engari me taurite ngā pāmahana whakahaere—ko te teitei ake o te pāmahana ka tere ake te tere o te tauhohenga engari ka whakatairanga hoki i te ngaronga cyanide mā te mimiti, te pirau rānei.
Te Whakahaere i te Wā Whakarewa
Me roa te wā horoi kia oti ai te whakarewatanga, engari me poto kia pai ai te mahi me te whakaiti i te kai cyanide. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mā te whakamahi i ngā matū horoi whakaranu ka taea te whakaiti i te wā whakapā e hiahiatia ana, me te whakapai ake i te whakaora whānui. Mā te poto o ngā wā horoi me te whakahohenga matū whai hua ka iti ake ngā hiahia o te matū, ngā whakapaunga whakahaere, me ngā mōrearea taiao. He mea nui te whakahaere tika i te wā horoi kia ōrite ai te tono matū ki te kaha tango mō ngā momo konganuku motuhake.
Ko te whakaurunga āta o te āhuatanga o te kōhatu, te kōwhiringa i mua i te maimoatanga, te whakahaere i te mātotoru o te penupenu, te aroturuki tonu i te kukū cyanide, me te whakarerekētanga o ngā tawhā whakahaere te pou here mō te tango koura hou, whai hua mā te whakamahi i te tango cyanide.
Ngā Tikanga mō te Ine me te Whakahaere Kukū ā-Rārangi
Ngā Otinga Aroturuki o Nāianei
Ko ngā tikanga ine kukū cyanide kore utu ko ngā pūoko amperometric me ngā tauhohenga whakawhiti ligand, e āhei ai te ine tika, tika hoki e tika ana mō te tātari kukū wai horoi penupenu me ngā rere wai horoi koura. Me ine ngā tawhā matua pērā i te cyanide kore utu me te cyanide WAD hei whakahaere tukanga me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao, nā te mea e hiahiatia ana e ngā rohe ture te aroturuki tata tonu o te kukū cyanide toenga i roto i te wai horoi koura. Mā ngā taputapu ā-roto, e tāutahia ana ki ngā wāhi rautaki o te ara iahiko, ka taea te whakahaere tika i te horopeta cyanide me te whakarato whakatūpato wawe mō ngā pekapeka tukanga.
Ko ngā taputapu ine ultrasonic, e tohuhia ana e te Lonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter, e whakamahia ana mō te aroturuki ā-roto i te kiato cyanide me te penupenu i roto i ngā ara iahiko horoi. Ka whakamahia e tēnei mita ngā mātāpono tuku ultrasonic hei whakatau i ngā huringa kiato otinga e pā ana ki ngā kukū wai cyanide me te koura. Mā te ine tika ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te aromatawai tonu i te pai o te tango koura, te arotau i ngā tawhā hau me te whakaoho, me te pupuri i te pumau o te tukanga. Ka tautokohia e te hoahoa a Lonnmeter te takiuru raraunga aunoa, wā-tūturu me te whakaurunga tonu ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Hei tauira, i te wā e aroturukihia ana te kiato penupenu, ka whakaratohia e Lonnmeter he urupare tonu, ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō te ine kiato taiwhanga me te tuku i ngā whakatikatika tere ki te ōritetanga penupenu hei whakapai ake i te tere horoi me te whakaora koura.
I roto i te mahi, ka tukuna e ēnei otinga o nāianei:
- Ngā raraunga inamata mō te cyanide me te mātotoru, hei whakapai ake i te tika o te inenga.
- Te whakarei ake i te tutuki i ngā ture mō te tukunga me te tukunga para nā runga i ngā raraunga cyanide toenga ka taea te whakamahi.
- Ngā penapena whakahaere, nā te mea ka taea tonu te whakatika i ngā tukanga i te wā tonu.
Ngā Rautaki Whakahaere Urupare
Ka whakamahia e te whakahaere tukanga aunoa ngā raraunga ine ā-roto hei arotau tonu i te tāpiri matū, te kiato penupenu, me te whakapūngao i roto i te tango koura mā te whakamahi i te tango cyanide. Ko te kaupapa matua ko te urupare—ka tukuna ngā pānui pūoko wā-tūturu ki ngā kaiwhakahaere arorau ka taea te whakarite (PLC), kātahi ka whakarite aunoa i te tāpiri o te cyanide, ngā matū whakangaro, me ngā tāpiringa tango. Ka whakakorea e tēnei ngā hapa inenga ā-ringa, ka whakakaha ake i te whakahaere i te tere o te tango, ā, ka whakaitihia te kai cyanide.
Ko ngā rautaki urupare tukanga ko:
- He arorau e hangai ana ki ngā ture, e whakatakoto ana i ngā rohe me ngā reiti inenga i runga i ngā paepae kukū cyanide kua whakaritea.
- Arotautanga e hangai ana ki te tauira, e whakamārama ana i ngā raraunga maha-pūoko—te cyanide, te mātotoru, te pH, te hāora rewa—hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaora koura.
- Ka taea e te ine tonu i roto i te raina te ine i te mātotoru o te wai koura hei tautoko i ngā whakatikatika i roto i te whakaoho me tete rite o te paru.
Ka whakaitihia e ngā rautaki whakahaere urupare aunoa te whakamahinga cyanide, te para matū, me te rerekētanga o te whakahaere. Hei tauira, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau take mai i ngā mahi arumoni i te whakahekenga o te whakamahinga cyanide tae atu ki te 21%, me te noho pumau, te whakapai ake rānei o te whakaora koura nā te hanganga wai pai rawa atu me te whakahaere tukanga whai hua. Ka whai hua tika te whakaora koura mai i te wai cyanide mai i te horopeta matū pumau, pai te whakahaere.
Ka tautokohia hoki e ngā pūnaha urupare whakauru ngā huarahi kē atu mō te tango koura e pai ana mō te taiao mā te pupuri i te mana whakahaere pakari mō ngā taumata cyanide, te whakaiti i ngā tukunga, me te arotau i te whakangaromanga, tengā tukanga whakaoraHe pai ake te inenga aunoa i runga i ngā inenga ipurangi i ngā tikanga inenga ā-ringa, he puhoi ake hoki, he ngāwari ake hoki ki te rerekē.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka whakakotahi ngā hangarau horoi cyanide matatau i te ine ā-roto—pērā i teMita Kukū Ultrasonic Lonnmeter—me te whakahaere urupare aunoa. Ka arotauhia e tēnei huarahi ia wāhanga, mai i te tātaritanga kukū o te horoinga penupenu ki te maimoatanga me te whakakorenga o te wai cyanide, te whakatairanga i te whai huatanga o te tukanga me te tutuki i ngā paerewa taiao me te haumaru.
Te Arotautanga Tukanga me te Whakapai Ake i te Whakaora
Ko ngā raraunga ine wā-tūturu te poutokomanawa o te arotautanga tukanga matatau i roto i te tukanga tango cyanide koura. Mā ngā taputapu ā-roto pēnei i te mita kukū ultrasonic Lonnmeter ka tukuna he pānui tika, tonu hoki o te kukū cyanide kore utu me te mātotoru o te wai, ka whakaratohia ki ngā kaiwhakahaere ngā mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana hei whakarerekē i ngā tawhā mahi. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakahaere inenga cyanide aunoa, e pupuri ana i ngā roopu kukū ūnga me te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te tukanga. Hei tauira, mā te pupuri i te cyanide kore utu i roto i te ±10% o ngā tohu tautuhinga ka whakarite i te tere o te tango me te kore e nui rawa te whakamahinga rauemi, te ngaronga koura rānei, ahakoa ka rerekē te kounga o te konganuku, te putanga rānei.
Ko te whakatikatika hihiri, mā te aroturukitanga cyanide kore e mutu, ka whakatairanga i te tere o te urupare ki te whakahaere i ngā ara iahiko reti. Mā ngā pūnaha whakakī aunoa, e whāngaihia ana e ngā raraunga wā-tūturu, ka whakaitihia ngā mōrearea o te iti rawa o te horopeta (ka heke te tere o te tango koura) me te nui rawa o te horopeta (ka piki ake ngā utu matū me ngā nama taiao). Ka hono pai ngā raraunga mai i ngā tātaritanga ā-roto ki te tātaritanga kukū reti penupenu me ngā rerenga mahi ine mātotoru, e whakamōhio ana i ngā whakatau mō te tere o te whakaranu, ngā tere hau, me ētahi atu taurangi nui i roto i te tango koura mā te whakamahi i te reti cyanide.
Ka toro atu te arotautanga ki raro: ka tautoko te rere raraunga whakauru i te mimiti waro (CIP/CIL) me ngā wāhanga whakatō konutea, ka whakarite i ngā tikanga tukanga i runga i te aroaro o te cyanide o nāianei. I roto i ngā tukanga mimiti waro, mā ngā taumata cyanide e aroturukitia tika ana ka whakarite kia kore te waro whakahohe e eke ki te mātotoru wawe, kia kore rānei e ngaro ngā whai wāhitanga hopu, i te wā e whakarerekē ana i te pH me te whakaurunga waro i runga i ngā kōtaha whakatō wā-tūturu ka taea te whakanui ake i te pai o te mimiti koura ki runga ake i te 98% i roto i ngā konganuku matatini. Mō te whakatō konutea, inā koa i roto i ngā whāngai he nui te ihirangi konganuku turanga (pēnei i te konutea me te parahi), mā te pupuri i te kukū cyanide toenga pai rawa atu i roto i te wai whakatō koura ka karo i te nui o te kai konutea me ngā tauhohenga taha kāore i te whakahaeretia—ka whakapai ake tika i ngā reiti whakaora.
Ko te tukanga SART, e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e ngā konganuku turanga, ka whai hua anō hoki mai i te ine i te cyanide whakauru. Mā te whakahaere aunoa i ngā mahi whakapūkara me te whakakawa, e arahina ana e ngā raraunga cyanide kore utu wā-tūturu, ka tutuki te tango motuhake i te konutea me te parahi, e whakahaere ana i te hangarua o te otinga cyanide mō te horoi tonu. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te whakamahinga cyanide whānui, ka whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaora koura mai i te wai rere cyanide, ā, ka tautoko i ngā huarahi kē atu mō te horoi koura e pai ana ki te taiao.
I te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā matū, kāore e taea te whakanui rawa i te hononga i waenga i te aroturuki tere i te kukū o te cyanide me te whakahaere tukanga. Mā te aukati i te tāpiri nui o te cyanide, ka tino whakaitihia ngā utu e ngā tipu, ā, ka whakawhāitihia te whakaputanga o ngā para kino. I te wa ano, mā te pupuri i te horopeta cyanide iti rawa ka karo i te tūponotanga o te tangohanga kāore i oti, te hopu koura rānei, ka whakarite kia nui te hua whakaora. Ngā pūnaha ā-roto,nā te ātete ki te pokanoa mai i te paru paru, i te rere rerekē rānei, he tino pai mō tēnei kaupapa—te whakarato raraunga pono, ka taea te whakamahi mō ia wāhanga o te maimoatanga me te whakakorenga o te wai para cyanide.
Ka tutuki te hua koura tino pai mā te tukutahitanga o ngā tawhā tākai koura me ngā tukanga whakaora i raro iho, e tautokona ana e te aroturukitanga tika, tonu. Ko ngā whakatikatika tukanga kua whakaritea, e whakamōhiotia ana e ngā inenga kukū me te mātotoru cyanide ā-roto, ka hangaia he pūnaha porowhita kati e whakanui ana i ngā hokinga mai me te whakatairanga i te pumau me te haumaru i roto i te tākai cyanide o te koura. Mā tēnei huarahi ka taea e ngā mahi te whakamahi i ngā hangarau tākai cyanide matatau i roto i ngā tikanga tākai koura tuku iho me te kore cyanide, me te arotau tonu mō te whai huatanga, te whakaora, me te tutuki i ngā ture nā ngā pūnaha whakahaere pakari e whakahaerehia ana e ngā raraunga.
Te Tukanga Whakaora Koura
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Te Whakahaere Taiao i roto i te Horoi Koura Cyanide
Ko te whakahaere taiao whai hua i roto i te tukanga tango cyanide koura e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tango paitini, te maimoatanga, me te whakahaere i ngā wai me ngā paru cyanide. Kua whanake haere ngā hangarau me ngā tikanga hei whakatau i ngā toenga cyanide, hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea taiao me te hauora tangata.
Te Whakakorenga Paitini, te Maimoatanga, me te Whakahaere i ngā Para i roto i te Cyanide Lechate
Ko ngā tikanga whakakore paitini mō te waipara cyanide te kaupapa matua o te wawahi me te tango i ngā momo cyanide paitini. Ko te waikura matū tonu te paerewa, e huri ana i te cyanide kore utu me te waipara ngoikore (WAD) ki ngā āhua haumaru ake pērā i te cyanate, he iti ake te paitini, ā, he tere te pirau. Ko te whakaurunga o ngā tātari tukanga ipurangi me ngā pūnaha e aunoa ana i te aroturuki cyanide kua nekehia ngā tipu ki te whakahaere matatau, e whakaiti ana i ngā tukunga paitini.
Ko te whakahaere i ngā paru paru e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā Whare Rokiroki Paruparu (TSF) kua hangaia hei pupuri i te cyanide toenga. Ko ngā mahi pai ko te whakamahi i ngā arai takirua, ngā pūnaha kohikohinga wai, me te aroturuki tonu i te taurite wai. Ka āwhina ēnei mana whakahaere hangarau ki te aukati i te urunga o te wai whenua me te poke o te wai mata. Ka urutau ngā kawa whakahaere TSF motuhake ki ngā taurangi pēnei i ngā āhuatanga kino o te āhuarangi me ngā mōrearea wai ā-rohe, me ngā aratohu haumaru e tohu ana i ngā mahi hei tiaki i ngā mea ora me ngā rauemi wai o te rohe.
He mea whakahau te whakahaere wai whānui, tae atu ki te whakamahinga anō o te wai, te maimoatanga i mua i te tukunga, me te whakamahere mō ngā takahi i te TSF. Kei roto i ngā mahere whakarite mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere ngā raraunga aroturuki tukanga wā-tūturu hei tere ake i te urupare mēnā ka puta he turuturu, he pakaru rānei.
Te Aroturuki me te Whakaiti i ngā Kukū Cyanide Toenga
Ko te whai i ngā ture e hiahiatia ana he aroturukitanga tonu, he taumata teitei hoki o ngā kukū cyanide toenga i roto i te wai horoi penupenu me ngā para paru. Te ine kukū ā-roto, ā-wā-tūturu me ngā hangarau pēnei i teIne kukū ultrasonicme ngā taputapu arumoni e whakamahi ana i te amperometry whakawhiti ligand ka taea te tātari tika i te cyanide kore utu me ngā momo cyanide WAD i roto i ngā awa wai koura.
Ka tautokohia e ēnei pūnaha:
- Whakahaere aunoa i te horopeta cyanide, e whakaiti ana i te whakamahinga nui o te matū matū me te tiaki i te whai huatanga o te whakaora koura.
- Te whakaurunga tika ki ngā tukanga whakangaromanga cyanide, te whakamana i te whakahaere pakari o ngā paerewa tukunga me ngā whakaaetanga taiao.
- Te tuku raraunga mamao mō ngā mahi keri tohatoha, te whakarei ake i te kapinga ā-wāhi me te wā me te kawenga whakahaere.
Mā te aroturuki tonu i ngā rohenga kitenga iti iho i te 10 ppb ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga haumaru ā-motu me te ao whānui. Mā ngā pūnaha aunoa ka whakaitihia ngā hapa tauira ā-ringa, ka whakapotohia ngā porowhita urupare raraunga, ā, ka whakarato i ngā wā poto mō ngā wawaotanga whakatika i roto i ngā raruraru tukanga.
Te Whakaiti i te Tapuwae Taiao me te Pupuri i te Whai Huatanga o te Tukanga
Ko te whakataurite i te whakaora koura ki ngā pānga taiao me nui atu i te aroturuki noa. Mā ngā hangarau hangarua cyanide matatau ka taea te whakamahi anō i te cyanide i roto i te tukanga tango koura, ka whakaiti tika i te putanga para paitini me ngā utu whakahaere, me te pupuri tonu i ngā reiti whakaora koura e whai ake nei. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei pūnaha ka whakaiti i te tapuwae taiao, ā, ka whakataurite i ngā mahi ki ngā paerewa pumau o te ao.
I te wā anō, kei te piki haere te whakamātautau a ngā wāhi keri koura i ngā tikanga tango koura rerekē me ngā tikanga tango koura kore-cyanide, tae atu ki te thiosulfate, te glycine, ngā kōwhiringa koiora hoa-taiao rānei. Mēnā kāore e taea te karo i te cyanide, mā te ine i te mātotoru o te wai koura me te tātari kukū tango penupenu tika ka tautoko i te whakamahinga pai o te matū, ka whakaiti i te horopeta e hiahiatia ana, ka whakaiti hoki i te paitini o ngā paru.
Mā ngā tikanga auaha, pērā i te whakaiti i te tunu me te wehenga aukume i roto i te tukatuka paru, ka whakaitihia te whakawhirinaki atu ki te cyanide, ā, ka taea te whakaora whānui ake i ngā konganuku utu nui mai i ngā awa paru. Ko ngā mahi pai o te papaanga e aro nui ana ki te hoahoa pakari o ngā whare, te tutuki i ngā ture, me te whai wāhi a te hapori hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga tūpono me te whakarite i te whakahaere urutau, whai whakaaro ki ngā mōrearea puta noa i te oranga o te maina.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau take mai i ngā mana whakahaere pēnei i a Kenya me Ahitereiria, mā te whakamahi tonu i ēnei tikanga ka tino whakaiti i ngā mōrearea taiao e pā ana ki te tango i te cyanide, ahakoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga ture, whakahaere rānei e wero ana.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te whakahaere taiao i roto i te tango koura i te cyanide me whai i te whakakotahitanga o te pakari hangarau ki te tango i ngā wai para, te aroturukitanga kukū pakari, me ngā tikanga pai rawa atu a te umanga mō ngā paru me te whakahaere tukanga. Mā tēnei huarahi whakauru ka mau te haumaru o te marea me te taiao, me te whakarite hoki i te whai huatanga o te whakaora koura.
Ngā Auahatanga i roto i te Horoi Koura Kore-Cyanide
Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā tikanga tango koura kore-cyanide i te mea e rapu ana te umanga keri i ngā huarahi haumaru ake, pumau ake hoki hei whakakapi i te tukanga tango koura cyanide tuku iho. Ka aro atu ēnei hangarau ki ngā āwangawanga nui mō te poke o te taiao, te haumaru o ngā kaimahi, me te raihana pāpori, me te pana i ngā rohe hangarau o te whakaora koura.
Te Whakarewa Thiosulfate
Kua noho te tangohanga thiosulfate hei tukanga matua kore-cyanide, e āhei ai te tango koura mai i ngā konganuku ātete e aukati ana i te tangohanga cyanide tuku iho o te koura. Ka taea e ngā reiti whakaora koura te eke ki te 87% mō ngā kukū matatini, he nui te sulfide—ina koa kei te wātea ngā katote haukini me ngā katote parahi hei whakakorikori. Ka whakanui ake ngā tāpiringa, pērā i te ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, i ngā hua me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā matū, ka whakaiti i ngā utu me te tapuwae taiao. Mā te aukumetanga o te copper-ammonia-thiosulfate lixiviant ka whakarei ake i te pai o te tangohanga, ka whakapai ake i ngā reiti whakarewa me te ihirangi hāora, ka hua ake he 4.74% teitei ake te tango koura ki te whakataurite ki ngā pūnaha kore-aukume. Heoi, tera pea ka noho iti tonu ngā whakaora mō ētahi konganuku ātete takirua kei reira te koura e kaha ana te kapi ki ngā kohuke, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te mineralogy konganuku mō te kōwhiringa tukanga.
Te Whakarewatanga o Glycine
Ko te Glycine—he waikawa amino tūturu, pirau-ora—he pai hoki hei wai whakapūkara mō te koura. He nui te whiriwhiringa me te iti o te paitini o ngā tukanga wai whakapūkara glycine, me ngā reiti tango koura kua tuhia neke atu i te 90% i runga i ētahi konganuku iti te kounga me ngā paru ina whakareihia e ngā tāpiringa pēnei i ngā katote parahi me ngā maimoatanga-mua. E mōhiotia ana te hangarau mō tōna āhua haumaru kua whakapaitia me te iti o te mōrearea ki te oneone me te wai, ki te whakaritea ki te wai whakapūkara cyanide. Heoi anō, ko te uaua o te mahi me ngā utu matū, me ngā whakaritenga arotau motuhake ki te konganuku, ka puta pea he arai ki te tango. Ko ngā rangahau take ahumahi i Ahitereiria me Kanata e whakaatu ana i te whaihua hangarau me te ōhanga, engari ko te whakatinanatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tātaritanga kukū wai whakapūkara penupenu taipitopito, te aroturukitanga tukanga pakari, me te urutau ki te whāngai motuhake o te maina.
Te Whakarewatanga o te Hauhā me te Halogen
Mā ngā tikanga horoi e ahu mai ana i te pūhaumāota me ētahi atu halogen ka tukuna he huarahi kē atu hei whakakapi i ngā konganuku ātete me ngā paru tawhito, e aro ana ki ngā āhuatanga e werohia ana te horoinga cyanide mō te tango koura e te whakakī kohuke, e ngā herenga ture rānei. Mā te horoinga puranga me ngā waikura pēnei i te konutai hypochlorite me te waikawa hauwaiora ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakaora koura mai i ngā paru ātete neke atu i te 40%. Ka mahi ēnei tukanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa, ā, he pai ake te hono atu ki ngā maimoatanga o mua pēnei i te waikura koiora, te waikura pēhanga rānei hei iriti i te koura kāore e taea te uru atu ki ngā hanganga kohuke tuatahi. Kei roto i ngā wero whakahaere ko te haumaru o te whakahaere matū me te whakahaere i te pumau matū puta noa i te tukanga. E whakaatu ana ngā aromatawai huringa ora i te iti ake o te kaha o te mahana o te ao ki te whakataurite ki ngā pepa rere cyanide tuku iho, engari e whakaatu ana hoki i te hiahia mō ngā tikanga whakahaere pakari.
Ngā Tikanga Matatau e Hangai ana ki te Tauhohenga
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau hou i ngā matū auaha e aro ana ki te tango koura whiriwhiri, tere, me te whai hua. Ko ngā pūnaha e ahu mai ana i te konutai cyanate, ina hangaia ki te konutai hauwai me te konutai ferrocyanide i ngā pāmahana teitei, e whakaatu ana i ngā reiti tango o te 87.56% i roto i ngā matū kukū me te neke atu i te 90% i roto i te hangarua para hiko. Ko te whai huatanga me te whiriwhiringa e pā ana ki te konutai isocyanate hei momo hohe. Ko te tukanga CLEVR, e whakamahi ana i te konutai hypochlorite, i te hypobromite rānei i roto i tētahi pūnaha katia, waikawa, ka eke ki te nui ake i te 95% te hua koura i roto i ētahi haora, ki te whakaritea ki te neke atu i te 36 haora mō te cyanidation matarohia. Ka whakaputahia e te tikanga he toenga kore mahi, ā, ka whakakorea katoatia ngā para kino me ngā roto paru, ka ātaahua ai mō ngā wāhi he raruraru te maimoatanga me te whakakorenga o te wai cyanide.
Mā te tikanga matū takirua e whakamahi ana i te whakaputa waikawa hydroiodic in situ ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakarewatanga koura mai i ngā whakakorikori kua pau, inā koa ngā awa para ahumahi, me te whakaiti i te para matū me te kaha o te oranga ōhanga. E whakaatu ana ēnei huarahi, me ngā āhuatanga kua whakapaitia me te whakahaere tukanga wā-tūturu—pērā i te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ine kukū cyanide kore utu me te ine mātotoru matatau o te wai koura—ka taea e ngā tikanga kore-cyanide te whakataetae, te hipa rānei i te cyanide i roto i te whai huatanga me te mahi taiao.
Tātaritanga Whakataurite
Te Whai Hua o te Tukanga:Ko ngā tukanga kore-cyanide pērā i te thiosulfate aukume me te horoi hypochlorite e whakaatu ana i te tere o te tango me te hua e tata ana, e hipa ana rānei i ētahi tono, i ērā o te tukanga horoi cyanide koura. Ka tukuna hoki e ngā pūnaha glycine ngā hua whakataetae mō ngā konganuku kua tohua.
Haumaru:Mā ngā tikanga kore-cyanide ka tata whakakorea ngā tūponotanga paitini nui e pā ana ki te kukū cyanide toenga i roto i te wai koura. Ka pai ake ngā taiao mahi, ā, ka tino heke te āhua o te tūponotanga mō te whakahaere matū. Heoi, he mea nui tonu te tupato ki ngā waikura me ngā halogen.
Pānga ki te Taiao:Mā te tango wai kore-cyanide ka iti ake te kino o ngā para, ka māmā ake te tukatuka me te whakakorenga wai, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā pānga ki te wai me te oneone. Mā te aromatawai i te huringa ora e whakaū he whakapainga nui atu i ngā ara iahiko cyanide, me ngā pūnaha toenga porowhita kati me te kore-paitini hei tino pai.
Ko te whiriwhiri i te huarahi tino pai mō te tango koura e pai ana mō te taiao, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te konganuku, ngā mana whakahaere taiao ā-rohe, me te rite o te mahi. Ko ngā taputapu aroturuki matatau, pērā i te mita kukū ultrasonic Lonnmeter mō te ine i te cyanide, he mea nui tonu mō ngā huarahi tukanga katoa, e whakarite ana i te tere o te tango i roto i te cyanidation koura—ahakoa kei reira te cyanide, kāore rānei—me te tautoko i ngā mahi tango koura pakari, urutau.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te hiranga o te ine i te kukū o te cyanide kore utu i roto i te tukanga tango koura cyanide?
He mea nui te ine tika i te kukū o te cyanide kore utu mō te whai huatanga o te tukanga tango cyanide koura. Ko te cyanide kore utu te wāhanga matū hohe e wātea ana hei hanga i ngā matatini koura-cyanide, e āhei ai te koura ki te rewa ki roto i te otinga mō te tango. Ki te kore e ranea te cyanide kore utu, ka taea te pehi i te tere rewa o te koura, ka whakaiti i te hua katoa; ko te nui o te cyanide ka arahi ki te whakapaunga matū kore utu, ā, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te poke taiao me te utu tukanga. Ka tukuna e ngā tātaritanga ipurangi aunoa, he rerekē ki te ine ā-ringa, te aroturuki wā-tūturu e āhei ai te whakahaere hihiri o te inenga cyanide me te tautoko i te tutuki i ngā paerewa tukunga tino pakari. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei mahi te para matū me te whakapakari i te haumaru mahi, e whakaaturia ana i roto i ngā rangahau i reira ko ngā kukū cyanide kore utu tino pai tata ki te 600 ppm ka whakanui ake i te whakaora koura me te whakaiti i te taumaha taiao.
He pēhea te pānga o te matotoru o te wai rēmana ki te whai huatanga o te wai rēmana koura cyanide?
Ka pā tika te mātotoru o te wai rēmana (te penupenu rānei) ki te whakawhiti papatipu, te whakaranu, me te wātea o te cyanide me te hāora mō te whakarewa koura. Mā te whakahaere tika i te mātotoru ka pai ake te pānga o ngā matūriki koura ki ngā matūriki me te arotau i te tere o te wai rēmana. Hei tauira, mā te whakaiti i te mātotoru o te penupenu ka piki ake te whakaora koura mā te whakahaere i te whakaoho me te pa atu ki ngā matūriki, engari mā te mātotoru nui rawa ka whakararu i te whakaranu me te whakanui ake i te kai cyanide. Mā te whakarerekē i te mātotoru o te penupenu, me ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pH me te pāmahana, ka nui ake te tere o te tango koura me te whakaiti i te wā wai rēmana, inā koa mō ngā konganuku iti te kounga. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau ko te taurite tika i waenga i te ōwehenga totoka-ki-wai me ngā kaihoko wai rēmana whakauru ka taea te whakaiti i te kai cyanide i te haurua me te whakarea i te pai o ētahi momo konganuku.
He aha ngā painga o te whakamahi i te Mita Kukū Ultrasonic Lonnmeter hei aroturuki i te kukū o te tātā wai?
Mā te Mita Kukū Ultrasonic Lonnmeter ka taea te aroturuki i te kukū me te matotoru o te wai para, ā-wā tonu. Mā tōna hoahoa ultrasonic kore-karihi, ka ārai i te pa atu ki ngā paru kino, ka whakakore i ngā tūponotanga turuturu me te whakapai ake i te haumaru, inā koa i roto i ngā taiao waikura. Ka tukuna e te taputapu te tika o te ine i roto i te 0.3% me te whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tukanga PLC/DCS mō te aunoatanga tonu. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te arotau i te whakamahinga o te matū me te whakarerekē tonu i te inenga kia mau tonu ai te whakaora koura. Ko te hanganga kore-tiaki me ngā rauemi pakari, ātete-waikura o te mita e pai ana ki ngā āhuatanga keri uaua me te tautoko i te pono mō te wā roa. I roto i ngā tono mai i te tango koura cyanide ki te hanga karāhe wai, ka whakarei ake te urupare ā-wā tonu a Lonnmeter i te pumau o te tukanga, ka whakaiti i te para, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te tutuki i ngā ture.
Ka taea te whakaora i te koura me te kore e whakamahia te cyanide?
Āe, kei te wātea ētahi atu tikanga tango koura kore-cyanide. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā tikanga e whakamahi ana i te thiosulfate, ngā pūnaha chloride, te glycine, te waikawa trichloroisocyanuric, me te sodium cyanate ko ngā reiti whakaora koura he nui ake i te 87–90%. Kāore ēnei tikanga i te paitini, ka taea te hangarua, ā, he whai hua hoki mō ngā konganuku me ngā para hiko. Ko tā rātou whakamahinga ka whakawhirinaki ki te āhua o te konganuku, te utu, te uaua o te tukanga, me ngā ture ā-rohe. He rerekē te whakatinanatanga: ko ētahi kaupapa, pērā i te REVIVE SSMB, e whakaatu ana i te pumau me te whai huatanga teitei, ko ētahi e pāngia ana e ngā wero whakahaere me te hapori. Ahakoa he painga taiao ngā tikanga kore-cyanide, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa haumaru pakari ake, ko te whaihua mō te tukatuka tauine ahumahi me whakaaro ki ngā utu konganuku me te hototahi ki ngā hanganga o nāianei.
He aha te mea nui ai te whakahaere i te kukū o te cyanide toenga i te wā e tango ana i te koura, ā, i muri hoki i tēnā?
He mea nui te whakahaere i te kukū o te cyanide toenga mō te tiaki taiao me te haumaru o te tangata. He tūponotanga paitini nui kei roto i te cyanide toenga i roto i te wai rere, ā, me whakahaere kia tutuki ai ngā ture tukunga o te ao. Ka whakamahia ngā tikanga pēnei i te waikura matū, te pirau koiora me ngā moroiti motuhake, te mimiti ki runga i te waro whakahohe, me te photocatalysis hei whakaiti i ngā taumata cyanide i mua i te tukunga o te para. Ka whakanuia te whakaora koura e te whakahaere tika i te wā e tango ana, ā, ka whakaitihia te nui o te cyanide toenga, ka whakaitihia ngā tono maimoatanga o raro. Ka hua ake te poke me ngā tūponotanga hauora pea mō ngā taupori me ngā rauropi tata. Ka hangai te whakahaere cyanide kawenga ki ngā mahi pai hei whakataurite i ngā hua ōhanga me te tiaki taiao, ā, ka tautoko i te raihana pāpori o te mahi keri.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 26-2025
