I te wā e hangaia ana te waikawa malonic, ka kitea i te aroturukitanga o te paepae kiato te wā kua tae te huringa ki te diethyl malonate, ki te monoethyl malonate rānei ki tōna mutunga. Ka tautoko te ine tonu i ngā whakatikatika tika o te tukanga, ka ārai i ngā taupatupatu puranga me te whakaiti i te para o ngā rauemi mata.
Te ine i te mātotoru ā-rotoKa tukuna he aroturukitanga tonu, ā-wā tonu, o te ahunga whakamua o te tauhohenga esterification, me te whakakore i ngā tauira ā-ringa me ngā koretake o te mutunga. Mā te ine i te kiato ā-roto i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū ka taea te whakarerekētanga whakahaere tere, aunoa, me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me te para. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ahumahi ko te whakaurunga o te mita kiato ā-roto mō ngā tukanga matū ka whakapiki ake i te ōritetanga putanga neke atu i te 95%, e ai ki ngā rangahau tukanga tata nei. Mā tēnei arotautanga ka akiaki i te whai huatanga o te pūngao i roto i te hanga matū me te tautoko i ngā whakaritenga kounga tino pakari mō te hanganga diethyl malonate me te hanganga monoethyl malonate.
Te tipu Diethyl Malonate
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Tirohanga Whānui o te Rere o te Tukanga Whakapūtanga
Ka tauhohe te waikawa malonic ki te etanoru anhydrous i raro i te mana whakahaere pāmahana tika, ka puta te diethyl malonate me te monoethyl malonate mā te esterification. Ka whakaatuhia e ia wāhanga ngā huringa matotoru motuhake—ka heke te matotoru o te otinga tauhohe i te haere tonu o te huringa. Ka whakaratohia he aroturuki tonu i ēnei nekehanga mā te ine i te matotoru ā-roto i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū. Ko te kitenga wā-tūturu o te paepae matotoru te tohu i te mutunga o te tauhohenga i roto i te matū.
Mā te aroturuki i te paepae kiato ā-roto ka whakaitihia te tukatuka nui rawa me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata. Mā te ine tonu i te ā-roto ka whakanuia te hua o te hua, ā, ka whakarite kia whai hua te pūngao i roto i te hanga matū. Ka tautokohia e tēnei te hanga diethyl malonate me ngā tono monoethyl malonate, ka whakamahia ngā āhuatanga matū waikawa malonic me te whakahaere tukanga tika.
Ngā Wero i roto i te Ine i te Kiato/Te Kukū ā-Rārangi
Ka rerekē te matotoru me te mātotoru o ngā ranunga tauhohenga i roto i te esterification nā te rerekētanga o ngā tere tahuritanga waikawa malonic. Me tino whakatikatika te pāmahana mō te whakatikatika i te mita mātotoru ā-roto, nā te mea ka taea e ia nekehanga 1°C te whakarerekē i te mātotoru o te otinga mā te 0.15–0.2 kg/m³ pea, ka uaua ake te kimi i te mutunga o te tauhohenga.
Ka whakaitihia te aro o te ine i te pito whakamutunga e te kitea o ngā hua taha, ka pā ki te tika o te aroturuki i te paepae kiato. Ka puta ngā hapa tae atu ki te 3% i roto i te hanga diethyl malonate, me ngā whakaroa e aukati ana i te tohu otinga tauhohenga tonu me ngā whakatikatika tukanga wā-tūturu.
Diethyl malonate
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Ngā Painga o te Whakauru i ngā Mita Matotoru ā-Rāina
Mā te whakatikatika i te mita mātotoru ā-roto ka kitea te mutunga tauhohenga ōrite, ā-wā tonu i te wā e hangaia ana te waikawa malonic me te diethyl malonate. Mā te whakamahi i te mita mātotoru ā-roto mō ngā tukanga matū ka whakaitihia ngā puranga kore-tautuhinga, ka aroturuki tonu i te huringa matū i roto i te esterification mā te whakamahi i te waikawa malonic me te etanoru anhydrous. Mā ngā whakatikatika tukanga aunoa ka mau tonu te mutunga tauhohenga tika i roto i te matū, ka whakaitihia ngā rerekētanga mai i te stoichiometry hua e hiahiatia ana.
Mā te aroturuki i te paepae mātotoru ka taea te tautuhi tere i ngā tohu otinga tauhohenga, ka whakaiti i ngā whakaroa e pā ana ki te tauira ā-ringa. Ka tapahia tika te tukatuka nui rawa e te ine mātotoru ā-roto i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te nui o ngā rauemi mata me te tapahi i ngā ngaronga hua, e whakaaturia ana i roto i te hanganga monoethyl malonate, ka whakaitihia e te aroturuki mātotoru te para neke atu i te 10%. Mā te whakahaere pito mutunga kua arotauhia ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao mā te 8–12% i te wā e whakamahia ana te diethyl malonate mā roto i ngā huringa whakamahana me te whakamatao tika.
Te Uara o te Mita Lonn Ngā Mita Kukū/Rārangi
Ka tukuna e ngā mita mātotoru ā-roto o te mita Lonnmeter te tika ±0.001 g/cm³, he mea nui mō te kimi pono i te mutunga o te tauhohenga i roto i te esterification. Ka tautokohia e te ine mātotoru tino tika, wā-tūturu te whakawhiti waikawa malonic ki te diethyl malonate me te monoethyl malonate, e kapi ana i ngā paearu matua i roto i te hanga diethyl malonate me te hanga monoethyl malonate.
Ka noho pumau tonu ngā waeine i hangaia mō te etanoru waikore i roto i te ahumahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikura, kaha te whakaputa. Mā ngā pūtau rere maitai kore waikura pakari ka mau te kaha; he ātete matū ngā wāhanga kua mākūhia e te pūoko mō ngā whakamahinga waikawa malonic i roto i te hanga me te etanoru waikore.
Tonoa he utu mō ngā mita mātotoru ā-roto Lonnmeter mō ngā tauhohenga matū e hiahia ana kia tino aroturukihia te paepae mātotoru. Whakamahia ngā taputapu matatau anake hei whakatutuki i te kitenga mutunga tauhohenga tika mō te waikawa malonic, te diethyl malonate, me te monoethyl malonate synthesis—kāore he pūmanawa, he pūnaha whakahaere rānei i whakaurua.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-27-2026
