Te Kukū o te Kai me te Inu
Ko te kukū kai ko te tango i tētahi wāhanga o te whakarewa mai i te kai wai hei whakapai ake i te whakaputa, te tiaki me te kawe. Ka taea te whakarōpū ki te kukū mimiti me te kukū tio.
Te Kukū o te Whakamutu
Ka mahi te mimiti i runga i ngā rerekētanga pūngāwerewere i waenga i te matū wairewa me te matū whakarewa. Ina iti te pūngāwerewere o te matū wairewa i roto i te wairewa, ā, he mārama te pūngāwerewere o te matū whakarewa, ka mimiti te matū whakarewa mā te whakamahana hei whakapūmau i te wairewa. Ka whakanohoia te wairewa kai hei whakapūmau ki roto i te mīhini mimiti, ā, ka whakamahanahia e te pūtake wera o waho. I te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka hurihia te matū whakarewa (wai) i roto i te wairewa hei mamaoa, nā te mea he iti te pāmahana koropupū o te wai, ā, he ngāwari ki te mimiti.
I te wā e mimiti ana, ka puta tonu te kohu whakarewa, ko te wairewa (pērā i te huka, te pūmua, ngā kohuke, ngā huaora, ngā tae me ētahi atu wāhanga kore-pupuhi, uaua rānei ki te pupuhi) ka noho tonu ki roto i te toenga o te wairewa nā te mea he teitei ake te pāmahana kohua me te iti ake o te pupuhi. Kātahi ka kohia te kohu whakarewa kua mimiti, ka whakamatao mā roto i te pūwhakamātao hei huri anō ki te āhua wai. Ka taea e tēnei tukanga te whakahoki mai i ētahi pūngao me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao. Ka taea te hangarua, te tuku rānei i te wai kua mimiti.
Ka whakawhāitihia te wairewa taketake ki te rahinga iti iho i muri i te mimiti me te whakatōtō i te mea ka piki haere te kukū o te matū. Ka taea te whakamahi i te wairewa kai kua whakawhāitihia mō ngā tukatuka i muri mai, pērā i te whakamaroke anō, te monamona, te tiamu, te wai hua, hei rauemi mata takawaenga rānei mō te hanga kai.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te pūnaha mimiti me te kukū maha-wāhanga, maha-pānga rānei, i roto i ngā mahi whakaputa ahumahi. E ai ki ngā hiahia o ngā tukanga whakaputa motuhake, me ine tika te kukū kai i te wā tonu kia mau ai te kounga hua me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te kukū. Whakapā maiMita Rona, he kaiwhakarato mita kukū ipurangi, mō ētahi atumita kukū ipurangingā otinga.
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o te Whakamātao me te Kukū
Me whai whakaaro nui ki te pāmahana me te wā whakamahana i roto i te mimiti o te kai me te inu. Ko te "pāmahana iti me te wā poto" he mea nui hei whakarite i te kounga o te kai kia tino pai, ko te "pāmahana teitei me te wā poto" he mea nui hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.
Mā te wera nui rawa ka pirau, ka kōkō, ka whakakākā hoki ngā pūmua, ngā huka me ngā pectin. Ko te rauemi tukatuka e pā tata ana ki te mata whakawhiti wera ka ngāwari ki te kōpeke mō te pāmahana teitei rawa atu, ki te whakaritea ki te pāmahana e karapoti ana i te rauemi. Kia puta te kōpeke, ka pā kino ki te pai o te whakawhiti wera, ā, ka puta hoki ngā raruraru haumaru. Ko te huarahi pai hei whakaoti i te raruraru kōpeke ko te whakanui ake i te tere o te wai. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā wheako mā te whakanui ake i te tere o te wai ka taea te whakaiti i te hanganga o te kōpeke. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ārai-kōpeke hikohiko me te ārai-kōpeke matū hei ārai i te kōpeke pea.
Te matotoru
He nui ngā kai kei roto he pūmua, he huka, he pectin me ētahi atu kai matotoru. I te wā e mimiti ana, ka piki ake te matotoru o te wairewa i te kukū o te wairewa i te hekenga o te wairewa, ā, ka tino ārai i te kawe wera. Nō reira, mō te mimiti o ngā hua matotoru, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga tohanga, te whakaoho rānei e akiakihia ana e te kaha o waho.
Te kaha ki te pahuka
He nui ake te taumahatanga o te mata o ngā kai he nui ake te pūmua. I te wā e mimiti ana, e koropupū ana, ka nui haere ngā pahuka pumau, ka ngāwari ai te wai ki te tomo ki te pūwhakapūmau me te mamaoa, ka ngaro te wai. E pā ana te hanganga pahuka ki te taumahatanga ā-mata. Ka puta te taumahatanga ā-mata i waenga i te mamaoa, te wai wera rawa me ngā mea totoka i whakatārewatia, ā, he mahi nui tā ngā mea totoka ki te hanganga o te pahuka. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā matū horoi hei whakahaere i te hanganga o te pahuka, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu miihini hei whakakore i te pahuka.
Te waikura
Ko ētahi kai waikawa, pērā i te wai huawhenua me te wai hua, ka ngāwari ki te waikura i te wā e waikura ana, e kukū ana hoki. Mō te kai, ahakoa te waikura ngawari, ka pāngia te hua e kore ai e tika. Nō reira, me hanga te waikura e whakamahia ana mō ngā kai waikawa ki ngā rauemi ātete-waikura me te kawe wera, ā, me ngāwari te whakakapi i te hoahoa hanganga. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā ngongo whakamahana graphite ātete-waikura, i ngā waikura hanawiti enamel ātete-waikawa rānei mō te kukū o te otinga waikawa citric.
Ngā wāhanga pūngāwerewere He maha ngā kai wai kei roto ngā wāhanga kakara me ngā wāhanga reka, he nui ake te pūngāwerewere i te wai. Ina mimiti te wai, ka puta atu ēnei wāhanga me te mamaoa, ka pā ki te kounga o te hua kukū. Ahakoa ka taea e te kukū pāmahana iti te whakaiti i te ngaronga o ngā wāhanga reka, he tikanga tino pai ake ko te tango i ngā mahi whakaora, kātahi ka tāpirihia ki roto i te hua i muri i te whakaora.
Te Kukū Whakatio
Ka whakamataohia ngā rauemi mata kai (pērā i te wai huarākau, ngā hua miraka, ngā wai rānei kei roto he nui te wai) ki roto i te taiao pāmahana iti. Ina heke te pāmahana ki raro i te pūwāhi tio, ka taupatupatu ngā ngota wai i roto i te wai hei tioata huka. Nā te mea ka eke te wai ki te taurite totoka-wai i tētahi pāmahana me te pēhanga motuhake. I raro i tēnei pāmahana, ka tio tuatahi te wai kore utu nui, engari ko ngā matū wairewa (pērā i te huka, ngā waikawa waro, ngā tae, ngā kakara, me ētahi atu) kāore e ngāwari ki te tio ki te wai nā te rerekētanga o te wairewa, engari ka noho tonu ki roto i te kukū kore tio.
Te Wehenga o ngā Tioata Hukapapa
Ka wehea ngā tioata hukapapa kua hangaia mai i te wai whakapūmau mā te whakamahi i te centrifugation, te tātari, me ētahi atu tikanga ā-tinana rānei. Kāore tēnei tukanga e uru ki te mimiti o ngā matū wairewa, nō reira ka taea te ārai i te pirau o ngā kai e pāngia ana e te wera me te ngaronga o te kakara. Ko te matū whakapūmau i muri i te wehenga o ngā tioata hukapapa ko te hua kukū tio, he nui ake te kukū o te matū wairewa i te wairewa taketake, me te pupuri tonu i te tae taketake, te reka, te uara kai me te reka o te kai ki te whānuitanga nui rawa atu.
Te Whakahaere i ngā Āhuatanga Hukapapa
I te wā o te tukanga kukū tio, me whakahaere tika ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tere tio, te pāmahana tio me te wā kia pai ai te rahi o te tioata tio, te āhua me te wehenga mai i te kukū kia pai ai te kounga o te hua whakamutunga. He tino pai te hangarau kukū tio mō ngā kai me ngā inu e pāngia ana e te wera, pēnei i ngā wai huarākau me ngā huawhenua hou, ngā hua koiora, ngā rongoā me ngā mea kakara papai. Ka taea e ia te whakanui ake i te kounga taiao o ngā rauemi mata, ā, he āhuatanga penapena pūngao me te tino whai hua. Heoi, he iti anō hoki ngā herenga o tēnei tikanga. Hei tauira, kāore e taea te whakahoromata i te tukanga kukū, ā, me hiahia pea he maimoatanga whakahoromata tāpiri. Hei tāpiri, mō ētahi otinga he matotoru teitei, he kai motuhake rānei kei roto, ka piki ake pea te uaua o te wehewehe i ngā tioata tio mai i te kukū, ka iti ake te whai hua o te kukū me te piki ake o ngā utu.
Te wā tuku: 13-Pepuere-2025
