He mea tino nui te ine i te rere o te wai i roto i te tapahi waea taimana anga silicon, nā te mea ka whakarite kia tika te tuku o ngā wai tapahi ki te atanga waea-anga—he mea nui mō te pupuri i te whakamatao pai, te whakahinuhinu, me te tango paru.RMā ngā raraunga rere ā-wā tonu ka ārai i te koretake, te nui rawa rānei o te wai e tukuna ana, ka wera rawa pea, ka whati te waea, ka hē te mata, ka maumau rānei. Mā te ine tika ka whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te tukanga, ka tiaki i te papatahi o te anga me te pumau o te mata, ka roa ake te roa o te ora o te waea, ā, ka arotau i te whai huatanga o ngā rauemi.
He Tirohanga Whānui mō te Tapahi Wafer Silicon me te Tūranga o ngā Wai Tapahi
Ko te tapahi waea taimana te tikanga matua mō te tapatapahi i ngā poro silicon monocrystalline me te multicrystalline ki roto i ngā anga mō ngā mahi semiconductor me te photovoltaic. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka pania he waea maitai—ko te nuinga he 40–70 μm te whānui—ki ngā konganuku taimana whakakoi. Ka neke te waea i ngā tere teitei, ā, ka hurihia e ngā taimana kua whakauruhia te silicon mā te whakakoi, ka whakaiti i ngā hapa o te mata, ka whakatairanga i te ōritetanga o te anga. Ko ngā waea kua whakaitihia te whānui i whakaurua mai i ngā tau tata nei ka whakaiti i te ngaronga kerf, e pā ana ki te rauemi e maumauria ana hei matūriki silicon pai i te wā o te mahi tapatapahi. Ka whakatauhia te ngaronga kerf e te whānui waea me te teitei o ngā konganuku whakakoi e puta mai ana i te mata waea.
Te Tapahi Waea Taimana
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He maha ngā mahi nui a ngā wai tapahi i roto i te mira waea taimana. Ko tā rātou mahi matua he whakamatao i te ingot me te waea, hei ārai i te wera nui ka kino pea te silicon, ka whakaiti rānei i te roa o te waea. Ka horoia hoki e rātou ngā matūriki silicon pai i puta i te wā tapahi, e āwhina ana ki te pupuri i te atanga ma, te ārai i te whakatakotoranga anō o ngā paru, me te whakaiti i ngā kapiti moroiti o te mata o te wafer. Hei tāpiri, ka whakahinuhinuhia e ngā wai tapahi te tukanga, ka whakaiti i te waku i waenga i te waea me te silicon, ā, ka roa ake te roa o te waea me te whakapai ake i te kounga tapahi. Me whakahaere marie te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ngā wai tapahi wafer silicon—pērā i te matotoru me te mātotoru—kia pai ai te whakamatao, te tango maramara, me te tiaki waea.
He maha ngā momo wai tapahi wafer, tae atu ki ngā wai wai-wai me ngā tāpiringa hei whakarei ake i te hinu whakahinuhinu me te whakatārewatanga matūriki. Ko te kōwhiringa ka whakawhirinaki ki te hoahoa taputapu, ngā whakatakotoranga wafer, me ngā here taiao. Hei tauira, ko te wai whakakore iona me ngā surfactants, ngā glycols rānei, i hangaia hei whakataurite i te pai o te whakamatao me te iti o te hanganga toenga.
Ko te whanaketanga ki ngā waea taimana tino angiangi i roto i ngā tipu wafer hou ka whakanui ake i ngā wero o te tuku wai me te whakahaere tukanga. I te mea ka heke te diameter o te waea i raro i te 40 μm, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te whati waea, ā, ka whakawhāitihia te manawanui ki te piki haere o te tukanga. Ko te ine tere rere tika—e tautokona ana e ngā hangarau pēnei i ngā mita rere wai tapahi, ngā pūoko ine rere tino tika, me ngā pūoko rere papatipu Coriolis—he mea nui kia mau tonu te whakamatao me te tango paru. Mā ngā pūoko aroturuki wai tapahi me ngā otinga ine rere wai tapahi ahumahi ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whai me te whakatika i ngā tere rere i te wā tūturu, kia tutuki ai te hinu whakahinuhinu me te kounga mata tino pai. He mea tino nui te tika o ngā mita rere Coriolis mō te whakahaere i ngā wai me ngā matotoru me ngā matotoru rerekē, kia mau tonu ai ngā āhuatanga ahakoa ka piki ake ngā tere tapahi me ngā taumahatanga waea.
Nā te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō te tika kua nekehia te arotahi ki te aroturuki i ngā tawhā wai hihiri pēnei i te tere rere, te mātotoru, me te matotoru. Ko ngā taputapu pēnei i a Lonnmeter e whakarato ana i ngā inenga pono, wā-tūturu e tino hiahiatia ana mō te whakapūmau kounga me te arotau tukanga i roto i ngā mahi tapahi waea taimana matatau. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau waea, ko te whakaurunga o ngā hangarau ine rere pakari he mea nui ki te pupuri i te kaha o te wafer, te whakaiti i te ngaronga kerf, me te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga whakaoti i raro iho mō te rāngai hanga wafer silicon.
Ngā Wero Tukunga Wai i roto i te Tapahi Waea Taimana Tika
I te tapahi waea taimana o ngā anga silicon tino angiangi—ina koa ko ērā kei raro iho i te 40 µm—he wero nui te tuku i te nui tika o te wai tapahi anga silicon ki te atanga tapatapahi. I te hekenga o te matotoru o te waea, ka heke hoki te wāhi mō te rere o te wai. He mea nui te pupuri i te tukunga pumau o te wai tapahi kia pai ai te whakahinuhinu, te whakahaere pāmahana, me te tango paru i te pūwāhi pa.
Ko te rere koretake o te wai, te kore rānei e tika ana, ka arahi tika ki te mimiti o te wafer, ka piri kino te wafer ki ngā taputapu nā te kore e ranea te hinu whakahinuhinu. Ehara i te mea ka whakararu noa i te tukanga tapahi engari ka whakanui ake hoki i te tūponotanga o te pakaru, te kino rānei o te wafer. Ka piki ake te taratara o te mata ina kore te waea me te wafer e whiwhi hinu whakahinuhinu me te whakamatao tonu mai i te wai tapahi waea taimana. Ko ngā mata kua pakaru me ngā hapa iti ka whakaiti i te kounga me te hua o te wafer, ka waiho hei arai nui mō ngā ahumahi semiconductor me te photovoltaic.
E toru ngā āhuatanga matua e pā ana ki te urunga o te wai ki roto i te āputa kani moroiti: te āhua o te waea, te tere tapahi, me te mahi a te capillary. Ko te āhua o te waea—ina koa ko te diameter waea me te tohatoha o ngā kongakonga taimana—ka pā tika ki te ngāwari o te rere me te piri o te wai tapahi wafer silicon ki te rohe pa. Ina whakamahia ngā waea i raro i te 40 µm, ka aukati te iti o te mata i te nekehanga noa o te wai. Ka whakaitihia e ngā tere tapahi teitei te wā e wātea ana mō te wai ki te tae atu me te whakamatao i te atanga, ka hua ake te wera nui me te ngoikore o te hinu whakahinuhinu. Ko te mahi a te capillary, te kaha tūturu o te wai ki te kume ki ngā wāhi whaiti, ka tino whakatau i te pupuri wai. Heoi, ko ngā piriti wai e whakarei ake ana i te kawe wai ka taea te whakauru i te piri capillary i waenga i ngā waea tata, ka puta te taumahatanga kore-taurite me te piki haere o te rerekētanga o te matotoru o te wafer.
Mā te whakaurunga mai o ngā momo wai tapahi wafer matatau—tae atu ki ngā otinga whakarei ake i te nanoparticle—ka puta he whakapainga ka taea te ine. Ko ngā wai i hangaia ki ngā nanoparticle SiO₂, SiC rānei, ka uru pai ake ki ngā āputa whaiti nā te matotoru me te taunekeneke mata kua pai ake. Ka whakarei ake ēnei wai i te whakahinuhinu me te kawe i te wera atu me te whai hua ake, ka hua ake he iti ake te taratara o te mata me te papatahi o te wafer. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mā te whakamahi i ngā wai kapi i te nanoparticle ka whakarerekē i te mara pāmahana i te wā e tapatapahia ana, ka whakaiti ake i ngā ahotea e whakararu ana i te pumau o te wafer. Ko tēnei, me ngā tikanga pēnei i te wiri ultrasonic hei whakanui ake i te kawe capillary, ka taea te tuku wai tapahi waea taimana kia ōrite ake.
Me aroturuki me te whakatikatika tika i te tukunga wai i te wā tonu. He mea nui te ine i te rere o te wai tapahi ahumahi tino tika, inā koa i roto i ngā tukanga e tino whakahaeretia ana. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi mita rere wai tapahi—pērā i tētahi pūoko ine rere papatipu Coriolis tino tika—ka taea te whakahaere tika i te tere tuku. Ko ngā mita kiato me te matotoru ā-roto o Lonnmeter, ina honoa ki ngā taputapu ine tere rere tika, ka whai wāhi ki te arotau i te tuku wai kia maeneene te tapahi i ngā angiangi rawa, me te iti o te mōrearea hapa.
Te Ine i te Rere Wai i roto i ngā Mahi Tapahi Wafer
He mea nui te ine tika i te tere rere mō te arotau i te tuku wai tapahi i roto i te tapahi waea taimana o ngā papa silicon. Ko te whai huatanga o te wai tapahi papa silicon ka hanga tika i te whakamatao, te whakahinuhinu, me te tango paru i te atanga pa, ka pā ki te kounga o te mata o te papa, te ngaronga o te kerf, me te hua whakaputa whānui. Ko te kore e ranea, te nui rawa rānei o te rere ka whakarerekē i te whai huatanga o te karawarawa, ka whakanui ake i te kakahu taputapu, ā, ka puta he kounga papa koretake, he utu rauemi teitei ake rānei. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau wheako ka taea te whakaiti i te taratara o te mata (Ra) me te kino o raro i te mata mā te pupuri i te tere rere o te wai tapahi i roto i te awhe pai rawa atu o te 0.15–0.25 L/min mō ngā mīhini waea kotahi noa, nā te mea ko te kore e ranea te rere ka arahi ki ngā kapiti moroiti me te kohikohi paru, ko te rere nui ka puta he pōrearea me te paunga koretake.
Ngā Hangarau mō te Whakaiti i te Ine i te Rere o te Wai
Ka whakauruhia ngā mita rere wai tapahi ki roto i ngā raina tuku wai, ka ine i te nui o te wai tapahi waea taimana i tukuna i te wā tonu. Ko ngā hangarau mita rere noa ko ngā momo miihini, hiko, me te ultrasonic:
- Ko ngā mita rere ā-mīhini, pērā i ngā hoahoa tāpine me te wira hoe, ka whakamahi i ngā wāhanga hurihuri kua nekehia e te rere o te wai. He māmā, he pakari hoki, engari he ngāwari ki te pakaru mai i ngā wai e mau ana i te kirikiri.
- Ko ngā mita rere hiko, inā koa ko ngā hoahoa hikohiko, ka ine i te tere o te wai mā te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono o te whakapūngao hikohiko, kia taea ai te whakahaere pono, māmā hoki mō ngā wai kawe hiko.
- Ka whakamahia e ngā mita rere ultrasonic ngā ngaru oro auau teitei e tukuna ana, e whiwhihia ana puta noa i te paipa. Mā te ine i te rerekētanga wā o te whakawhiti oro me te rere me te rere ki te taha, ka whakaratohia e ēnei taputapu he ine tika, kāore e pokanoa, e tika ana mō ngā momo wai tapahi wafer rerekē.
Ko te ine i te rere o te papatipu Coriolis he mea tino kitea i roto i ngā tono e hiahiatia ana te whakahaere tika i te papatipu wai, ahakoa te matotoru, te huringa pāmahana rānei. Ka ine tika ngā pūoko rere papatipu Coriolis i te tere rere papatipu i runga i te pānga Coriolis, e whakarato ana i te tino tika me te pai mō ngā wai tapahi waea taimana e hangai ana ki te wai me te hinu. Ka hangaia e Lonnmeter ngā mita matotoru me te matotoru ā-roto, e āhei ai te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga wai mō te ōritetanga me te whakahaere tukanga tino pai i roto i te tapahi anga silicon.
Ngā Tawhā Ine Hiranga me te Tūnga Pūoko
Ko te ine tika i te rere o te wai tapahi i roto i te tapahi wafer me aro ki ētahi tawhā matua:
- Te tere rere (L/min): Ko te ine matua mō te arotautanga tukanga me te whakapūmau kounga.
- Te mātotoru me te matotoru: He pānga nui ēnei e rua ki te mahi whakamatao, te kawe i ngā mea whakakoi, me te tango i ngā paru.
- Te pāmahana: Ka pā ki te matotoru me te whanonga o te wai i te wāhi i tapahia.
He mea nui te whakatakotoranga o ngā pūoko. Me whakanoho tika ngā pūoko ine rere ki roto i te raina tuku wai, kia tata ki te rohe tapahi kia iti ake ai ngā rerekētanga nā te ātete o ngā paipa, te turuturu, te mimiti rānei i mua i te atanga tapahi. Mā te ine ā-roto tūturu ka whakarite kia ōrite te uara rere kua pūrongohia ki te tuku tuturu ki te rohe tapahi waea taimana.
Te Mahi a te Ine Rere hei Pupuri i ngā Taiao Tapahi Tino Pai
He mea nui ngā pūoko ine rere mō te aroturuki i te wā tūturu me te whakahaere urutau o te tuku wai i roto i te tapahi anga silicon ahumahi. Mā te pupuri i te tere rere pai ka tika te marara o te wera, ka tangohia tonutia ngā paru, ka ōrite te hinu whakahinuhinu i te waea taimana. Ki te kore tēnei, ka heke te pumau o te tukanga, ka poto te ora o te waea, ā, ka pāngia te hua nā te nui haere o te mōrearea o ngā hapa mata, te ngaronga nui rānei o te kerf.
Mā te whakauru i te ine tere rere tino tika me ētahi atu tawhā urupare (hei tauira, te tere waea, te tere whāngai), ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakatinana i te mana whakahaere urutau o te paepae tukanga, me te hono tika i ngā whakatikatika tere rere ki te mahi tapahi kua kitea. Nō reira, ko tetahi pekanga mai i te takai rere kua whakaritea ka whakaoho i ngā mahi whakatikatika tonu, ka tiaki i te kounga tukanga me te whai huatanga o ngā rauemi.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te ine i te rere o te wai tapahi ahumahi—e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā pūoko ine rere pakari me ngā raraunga wā-tūturu—he tūāpapa mō te hanga anga silicon hua nui, utu iti hoki i te wā tapahi waea taimana.
Te Ine i te Rere Papatipu o Coriolis: Ngā Mātāpono me te Whakamahinga
Ko te ine i te rere o te papatipu Coriolis e hangai ana ki te kite i te kaha e puta mai ana i te wai e neke ana i roto i ngā ngongo wiri. I te rere o te wai—pērā i te wai tapahi waea taimana, i te wai tapahi wafer silicon motuhake rānei—ka pāngia ngā ngongo e te nekehanga āhua iti, ka taea te ine. He rite tonu tēnei nekehanga ki te tere rere papatipu, e whakarato ana i te ine tika, wā-tūturu o te papatipu o te wai tapahi i tukuna. Mā te mātāpono kotahi anō ka taea te ine i te mātotoru wai i te wā kotahi, e tautoko ana i te tino tika puta noa i ngā momo wai e huri haere ana, ngā hanganga, me ngā pāmahana—he whakaritenga nui i roto i te hanga wafer silicon me ngā tono tapahi waea taimana.
He nui ngā painga o tēnei huarahi mō ngā momo wai tapahi wafer, inā koa ka whakamahia ngā wai tapahi waea taimana mahi teitei. Kāore te ine rere Coriolis e pā ki te matotoru o te wai me ngā huringa hanganga, ā, he tino tika tonu i waenga i te aroaro o ngā matūriki whakakoi, ngā nano-tāpiri, ngā ranunga rerekē rānei e kitea pinepine ana i roto i ngā wai tapahi mō ngā wafer silicon. Nā tēnei pakari ka pai ake i ngā tikanga rere rōrahi tuku iho, ka pāngia pea e ngā mirumiru, ngā matūriki iri, me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana e rerekē ana o ngā wai tapahi matatau.
Ko te tapahi i ngā papa whakarewa hiko-haurua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hangarau pūoko rere wai matatau hei whakarite i te aroturuki pono o te wai tapahi mō ngā papa whakarewa hiko. Ka whakatinanahia ngā pūoko rere papatipu ā-roto o te mita Lonn, e whakamahi ana i te pānga Coriolis, ki roto i ngā raina tukanga. Mā tēnei ka taea te tuku me te aroturuki tika i te wai tapahi nano-wai me te waea taimana i te wā e tapatapahia ana ngā papa whakarewa. Ka kitea wawetia ngā tohu o te pirau wai, ngā rerekētanga o te ranunga, ngā nekehanga mātotoru rānei, ka taea ai te whakahaere tonu i ngā wawaotanga whakahaere hei pupuri i te hua tukanga me te kounga o te mata.
Mā te whakataurite i ngā pūoko rere papatipu Coriolis ki ētahi atu pūoko aroturuki wai tapahi—pērā i ngā pūnaha rere wera, hikohiko, ultrasonic rānei—e whakaatu ana i ētahi kaha. He tino pai ngā pūoko rere papatipu Coriolis ki te ine rere tino tika, ā, ka tukuna ngā pānui papatipu e pā ana ki te kore e pāngia e ngā rerekētanga matotoru, ngā āhuatanga aukume rānei. He uaua ki ngā mita hikohiko me te ultrasonic ngā ranunga wai tapahi kei roto ngā matūriki nano, ngā pute hau, ngā rerekētanga mātotoru meneti rānei, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hua ake he ine rere kore pono me te pikinga o te auau tiaki.
Ka mau tonu te tika o te mita rere Coriolis i raro i ngā hanganga wai e rerekē ana, nā te mea ka tātari pai ngā kaupapa tukatuka tohu me te whakatikatika pāmahana i te haruru me te rerekētanga o te taiao. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakamahi i ngā raraunga wā-tūturu hei arotau i te whakamatao, te whakahinuhinu, me te tango matūriki, me te aro ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā momo wai tapahi wafer me ngā ranunga nanofluid.
Ko te urutaunga o te ine rere papatipu Coriolis ki ngā wai kani me te tapahi waea tino angiangi me ngā matūriki nano e tohu ana i tētahi panonitanga i roto i te aroturukitanga ahumahi. Ka ine pono ngā pūoko i te rere papatipu me te mātotoru pono, ahakoa te nui o te matūriki, te rerekētanga rānei o te wai, ka taea ai te whakahaere porowhita kati me te whakahaere wai aunoa kua whakaritea mō te tapahi wafer. Ko tēnei taumata o te ine rere tino tika te mea nui ki te pupuri i te pumau o te tukanga, te whakaiti i te ngaronga rauemi, me te whakarite i te kounga o te mata i te wā e hanga ana i te wafer silicon me ngā tukanga tapahi waea taimana.
Te Whakauru i ngā Raraunga Ine Rere ki roto i te Mana Tukanga
Kua hurihia te whakahaerenga wai tapahi e te ine rere ā-tūturu mā te whakamahi i ngā pūoko rere papatipu Coriolis i te wā e tapahi ana i ngā waea taimana o ngā papa silicon. Mā ngā mita kiato me te matotoru ā-roto, pērā i ngā mea i hangaia e Lonnmeter, ka taea te aroturuki tonu i ngā āhuatanga wai me te tere rere, e tautoko tika ana i te whakahaere tukanga tika.
He mea nui te pupuri i ngā reiti rere tino pai mō te whakamatao, te horoi, me te whakahinuhinu pai o te waea taimana me ngā anga silicon. He tino pai ngā mita rere papatipu Coriolis i tēnei taiao mā te whakarato urupare tino tika, wā-tūturu mō te rere papatipu me ngā āhuatanga wai. Mā ēnei raraunga, ka taea e ngā pūnaha aunoa te whakarite i ngā tere papu, ngā tūranga takirere, ngā reiti hangarua rānei kia tika ai te tuku i te rahinga me te hanganga e hiahiatia ana o te wai tapahi anga. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā huringa tapahi tere, ka taea e ngā raraunga pūoko te whakaoho i te nui ake o te tuku wai hei whakapai ake i te tango paru me te whakamatao, ko ngā huringa puhoi ake me whakaiti pea te rere kia kore ai e maumauria.
He mea nui anō hoki ngā urupare mai i ngā pūoko ine rere hei whakautu ki ngā āhuatanga wai e huri haere ana. I te nekehanga o te matotoru, te mātotoru rānei o te wai—nā ngā huringa pāmahana, nā te poke rānei—ka kitea tonutia ēnei rerekētanga e ngā mita ā-roto o Lonnmeter, ā, ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakahaere te whakatikatika mā te whakarerekē i ngā tere rere, te tīmata rānei i te tātari wai. Mā tēnei huarahi matatini, e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga, ka noho tonu te wai i roto i ngā whakaritenga pakari mō te mahi tapahi tino pai.
I roto i ngā taiao nui te rahinga, mā te kaha ki te aroturuki me te whakahaere i te rere o te wai tapahi i te wā tonu ka tautoko i te matotoru ōrite me te whakaiti i te putanga mai o ngā hapa utu nui, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā raina hanga matatau i Āhia me Ūropi. Ka tautoko hoki te whakahaere wai matatau i te tiaki matapae, ka roa ake te roa o te waea taimana.
He nui ngā painga mō ngā mahi ahumahi mai i ngā pūnaha wai tapahi e whakahaerehia ana e te rere. Ka whakaitihia e te whakahaere wai whai hua ngā utu whakapaunga me te whakakorenga mā te whakarite kia nui te wai e whakamahia ana mō ia papa, hei tautoko i te pumau me te tutuki i ngā ture. Ko te whakaiti i ngā para wai—e āhei ana mā te urupare tonu me te whakatikatika i runga i ngā raraunga pūoko—ka hua ake he iti ake ngā whakapaunga whakahaere me te whakaiti i te tapuwae taiao.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te whakaurunga o ngā raraunga ine rere wā-tūturu, e whakahohea ana e ngā otinga ā-roto a Lonnmeter, ehara i te mea he tūāpapa mō te whakapūmau kounga o te wafer engari he painga whakahaere hoki mō te tukanga tapahi waea taimana. Ka tukuna he whakapainga ine i roto i te whakaotinga mata, te pono o te miihini, te hua whakaputa, me te whai huatanga utu.
Ngā Māramatanga Whakamātautau me te Aratohu Ahumahi
Kua hurihia e ngā rangahau whakamātautau tata nei ngā tikanga pai rawa atu mō te tuku wai mō te tapahi waea taimana o ngā papa silicon. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ko te tuku wai tapahi tika te whakahaere, inā koa mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga matatau, he hononga tika ki te iti o te mimiti o te papa me te kounga o te mata pai ake.
Kua puta te whakamahinga o te pānga o te uaua orooro i roto i te tuku wai hei huringa nui. Ka panaia e ngā ngaru orooro te wai tapahi kia hohonu ake ki roto i ngā kōhao tino angiangi—ina koa i ngā rohe whaiti iho i te 50 μm—ka kore e angitu ngā tikanga tuku iho. Mā tēnei urunga nui ake ka whakaitihia te mimiti o ngā matūriki me ngā paru ki runga i te mata o te papa. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau wheako he iti ake ngā hapa o te mata o ngā papa i tukuna ki te tuku wai āwhina-orooro, nō reira he nui ake te hua me te pono i roto i ngā tukanga o muri.
He mea nui te arotau i ngā tawhā hei whakanui ake i ngā painga o te whakarei ake i te ultrasonic me ngā hangarau nano-flu i roto i te tapahi i te tuku wai. Ko ngā tawhā matua ko:
- Te tawhiti o te pereti: Me whakaiti te āputa i waenganui i te puna wai me te rohe tapahi kia pai ai te pikinga o te wai.
- Te tūnga me te whakatakotoranga whakarara o te transducer ultrasonic: Mā te āhuahanga kua tautuhia mārama ka ōrite te tuku ngaru me te mahi capillary.
- Te pāmahana wai: Mā te whakamahana whakahaere ka piki ake te nekenekehanga o te wai me te pai o te mahi a ngā uaua toto.
- Te roa me te auau o te tono ultrasonic: Mā te wā tika ka ārai i te wera nui me te whakanui ake i te urunga.
- Kōwhiringa momo wai: He rerekē ngā momo wai turanga me ngā tāpiringa e aro atu ana ki te whakaohooho ultrasonic.
Ko te hangarau Nanofluid tētahi atu whanaketanga nui. Ko ngā wai tapahi kua whakakīia ki ngā nanoparticles pēnei i te SiO2 me te SiC e whakaatu ana i te kawe wera me te hinu whakahinuhinu pai ake. Mā tēnei whakarerekētanga ka hua ake he whakamatao pai ake, he tango paru pai ake, ā, ka whakaitihia te taratara o te mata o te wafer. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ko ngā hanganga nano-particle whakauru he whakapainga mahi tahi, ka whakaiti ake i te whanoke me te whakaputa i te āhua wafer pai ake i ngā wai tapahi momo kotahi, i ngā wai tapahi tikanga rānei.
Ka taea e ngā kaihanga e hiahia ana ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ā rātou wai tapahi te whakatinana i ēnei aratohu whakahaere e whai ake nei:
- Whakamahia ngā mita mātotoru ā-roto me ngā mita matotoru (pērā i ērā a Lonnmeter) hei aroturuki me te whakahaere i te ōritetanga o te wai tapahi, kia mau tonu ai ngā āhuatanga rere mō te āwhina ultrasonic me te āwhina nano.
- Aroturukihia me te whakarerekē i ngā tere rere o te wai tapahi mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūoko ine rere tino tika. He tino whai hua te ine rere papatipu Coriolis mō te ine rere o te wai tapahi ahumahi, e tuku ana i te tika wā-tūturu mō te mātotoru me te rōrahi.
- Whakatikatikahia ngā pūoko ine rere i ia wā kia mau tonu ai te pono o ngā pānui, he mea nui tēnei mō te tukatuka wafere ōrite.
- Tīpakohia ngā momo wai tapahi wafer me ngā kukū matūriki nano e ōrite ana ki te rahi o te wafer, ngā āhuatanga o te waea taimana, me te taiao whakahaere.
E whakaū ana ngā rangahau whakatairite he hononga ngā huringa tawhā kotahi-tauwehe—pērā i te whakanui ake i te tere o te waea, te whakarerekē rānei i te tere whāngai—ki ngā panonitanga o te kakahu waea, te taratara o te mata, me te rerekētanga matotoru katoa (TTV). He mea nui te pupuri i te tika o te rere me te tuku wai tere, urupare hoki, hei whakaiti i ngā hapa me te whakaroa i te ora o te waea.
Ngā Pātai Auau
Me pēhea te whakapai ake a te wai tapahi angiangi silicon i te mahi tapahi waea taimana?
He hinu whakahinuhinu, he whakamatao hoki te wai tapahi wafer silicon i roto i te tapahi waea taimana. Ko tana mahi matua he whakaiti i te waku me te whakamarara i te wera e puta mai ana i te hononga waea-wafer. Mā te waku me te pāmahana iti ka whakaitihia ngā kapiti moroiti me ngā karawarawa mata, ka arahi pea ki te kino o te wafer me te iti o te hua katoa. Ka haria atu hoki e te wai ngā paru mai i te wāhi tapahi, ka noho ma te waea taimana me te mata wafer. Mā tēnei tango tonu i ngā matūriki ka hua ake he mata wafer maeneene ake, ā, ka tautoko i te hanga kounga teitei, pumau. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā wai tapahi nano whakarei ake me ngā matūriki nano SiO₂ me SiC te uru hohonu ki roto i te kerf, ka whakaiti i te taratara o te mata me te piko o te wafer, ka whakapai ake i te putanga wafer mo te whakamahinga semiconductor.
He aha te mita rere o te wai tapahi, ā, he aha i hiranga ai i roto i te raka wafer?
Ka ine te mita rere wai tapahi i te nui tika o te wai e tukuna ana ki te rohe kani. He mea nui te pupuri i te rere tika mō te hinu whakahinuhinu tika, te whakamarara wera, me te tango paru. Mena he iti rawa te rere, ka wera rawa te waea, ka kohia rānei ngā paru, ka puta he karawarawa me he whati. Ka taea e te rere nui te moumou wai me te hanga i ngā taurite kore o te pēhanga, ka pā ki te papatahi o te wafer me te roa o te ora o te taputapu. Mā ngā mita rere wai tapahi, pērā i ngā mita kiato ā-roto me ngā mita matotoru i hangaia e Lonnmeter, ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te aroturuki me te whakatika i te tuku i te wā tūturu. Mā tēnei ka noho tonu te tukanga i roto i ngā tawhā tino pai, ka whakanui ake i te hua o te wafer me te whakaiti i te kakahu o te taputapu.
He aha ngā painga o te ine rere papatipu Coriolis ki te whakahaere wai tapahi anga silicon?
He mea tino nui te ine i te rere papatipu Coriolis mō te ine rere tino tika i roto i te hanga wafer silicon. Kāore i rite ki ngā mita rere tuku iho, ka ine tika ngā pūoko Coriolis i te rere papatipu ahakoa te matotoru o te wai, te mātotoru, te rerekētanga rānei o te pāmahana. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka taea te aroturuki tika i ngā momo wai tapahi wafer, tae atu ki ērā he nanoparticles. Ko te hua he tuku tonu o te wai tapahi i te tere tika, me te pupuri i te hinu whakahinuhinu me te whakamatao pumau ahakoa ngā rerekētanga o te tukanga. Ka whai wāhi tika ēnei painga ki te kounga wafer pai ake i roto i ngā tono tapahi waea taimana uaua, ka whakaitihia e te mana tika ngā hapa me te arotau i te hua.
He aha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te ine i te tere rere i roto i ngā tono kani waea taimana?
Ko te ine tika i te tere rere e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi taurangi honohono. He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te pūoko; hei tauira, ka whakaratohia e ngā pūoko rere papatipu Coriolis ngā raraunga pono ahakoa mō ngā wai matotoru, ngā wai kī tonu i te matūriki. Ko te hanganga wai—pērā i te noho mai o ngā matūriki nano—tērā pea ka whakarerekē i te matotoru me te mātotoru, ā, ka pā ki ngā whakaritenga whakatikatika pūoko. Ka pā hoki te whānui o te waea me te tere tapahi ki te nui o te wai e hiahiatia ana mō te whakamatao me te tango paru whai hua. He mea nui te whakatikatika mō ia tukanga motuhake kia tino pānuihia e te pūoko ngā uara pono, kia tika ai te nui o te wai tapahi e whakamahia ana mō ia puranga.
Ka taea e ngā wai-nano me ngā tikanga ultrasonic te whakarei ake i te urunga o te wai i te wā e tapahia ana te papa silicon?
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka whakapiki ake ngā nano-wai, inā koa ko ērā he SiO₂ me ngā matūriki nano SiC, i te pai o te tuku wai ki te atanga waea-wafer nui. Ka āwhina ēnei matūriki i te wai kia tae atu ki ngā āputa moroiti, kia pai ake ai te whakamatao me te whakahinuhinu. Hei tāpiri, ka whakarei ake ngā tikanga pānga capillary ultrasonic i te nekehanga me te urunga o te wai, inā koa i roto i te tapahi waea tino-angiangi. Ko te tikanga he iti ake te wai tapahi e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i te mahi tino pai, ā, ko ngā hua ko te whakaiti i te mimiti wai, te whakapai ake i te āhua o te mata, me te iti ake o ngā reiti hapa. Ka tautokohia e ēnei whanaketanga te nekehanga ki ngā wafer angiangi, nui ake te diameter i roto i ngā ahumahi semiconductor me te photovoltaic, me ngā pūoko aroturuki wai tapahi e whakarite ana kia mau tonu te whakahaere me te ōrite o te tukanga puta noa i ia huringa whakaputa.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-25-2025
