E rua ngā tukanga e whakahaerehia ai te electrolysis chlorine alkali: te diaphragm me te tukanga membrane, ewai toteHe mea nui te aroturuki i te kukū mō te arotau i ngā tukanga. Ko ngā wai tote, he maha ngā wā kei roto he taumata teitei o te konutai pūhaumāota (NaCl) me ētahi atu katote, ka tukatukahia mā roto i ngā tikanga pēnei i te electrodialysis purenga wai tote me te electrolysis alkali chlorine.
Ka taea e ngā wero pēnei i te ine koretake, te poke o te pūoko, me te nui o te pūngao e pau ana te whakararu i te whai huatanga. Heoi anō, ka pāngia te roa o te ora o te kiriuhi e ngā poke ā-mīhini me ngā tote konupūmā, konupora rānei, e ārai ana i ngā pūwero angiangi o te diaphragma, te kiriuhi rānei i te wā o te electrolysis.
He kaiwhakarato otinga mātau, he kaihanga matua hoki a Lonnmeter mō te mita kukū ā-roto, ā, he maha ngā otinga e tukuna ana e ia ki ngā kaihanga tukatuka, ki ngā kaiwhakahaere mahi, me ngā tohunga whakahaere kounga e rapu ana i ngā pūoko me ngā taputapu kukū tote pono e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te kukū tote hei whakatika i ēnei take. Pānuihia kia kitea ai me pēhea te whakarerekētanga o ō mahi e ngā pūnaha aroturuki matatau.
Te Mārama ki ngā Wero o te Whakamaemae me te Kukū o te Tote
He aha te Whakamaemaetanga i te Wai Tote?
Ko te purenga tote te tukanga rongoā i ngā otinga tote hei tango i ngā poke, pērā i ngā katote takirua (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), ngā mea rauropi, me ngā matū whakapūtā pēnei i te konupūmā whanariki (CaSO₄). He tukanga tino nui tēnei i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te purenga tote chlor alkali me te purenga tote konutai chloride, he mea nui te tote parakore teitei mō te tukanga chloralkali whai hua. Ko ngā hangarau pēnei i te electrodialysis (ED) me te electrodialysis reversal (EDR) e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakapūmau i te tote me te wehe i ngā katote ūnga. Heoi, he mea nui te whakahaere tika i te kukū tote i roto i ngā tukanga chlor alkali hei karo i ngā ngoikoretanga, pēnei i te pikinga o te whakamahinga pūngao, te kounga hua rānei e ngoikore ana.
Ngā Wāhi Mamae i te Ine i te Kukū o te Tote
Te Whakararuraru i te Hanganga o te Tote Matatini
He maha ngā wā kei roto i ngā wai tote mai i te wai moana whakamuri osmosis, i ngā tukanga ahumahi rānei, he ranunga o ngā katote monovalent (Na⁺, Cl⁻) me ngā katote divalent (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻), me ngā mea rauropi me ngā matū tauine pērā i te silica. Ka whakararuraru ēnei wāhanga i ngā pūoko kukū wai tote, ka hua ake he pānui hē. Hei tauira, ko ngā whakamātautau kawe hiko, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te ine kukū wai tote, ka hē pea te whakamārama i ngā tohu nā ngā katote divalent, te poke rauropi rānei, ka uaua ai te aroturuki wā-tūturu i roto i te electrodialysis purenga wai tote.
Te Whakakino me te Tauine i runga i ngā Pūoko
Ko ngā wai tote tote teitei, e tae ana ki te 180–200 g/L o ngā totoka rewa katoa, ka puta te poke me te tauine i runga i ngā aroturuki kukū wai tote pērā i ngā probe kawe hiko, i ngā irahiko whiriwhiri-katote rānei. Ka hangaia ngā matū tauine pērā i te konupūmā kāponāte, te whanariki rānei ki runga i ngā mata o ngā pūoko, ka whakaiti i te tika me te hiahia kia maha ngā tiaki. I roto i te purenga wai tote chlor alkali, ka piki ake te wā kore mahi me ngā utu, ahakoa te whakakorenga o te electrodialysis hei whakaiti i te poke o te membrane.
Ngā Pānga Whakapūmau Kukū
I roto i te electrodialysis purenga tote, ka puta he rerekētanga kukū katote ā-rohe nā te pōraruraru kukū tata ki ngā kiriuhi whakawhiti-katote, ā, ka uaua ki te ine i te kukū tote nui tūturu. He tino raruraru tēnei i ngā kiato iahiko teitei, i te wā e whakanuia ai te pōraruraru e te hekenga katote, ka hua ake he rerekētanga o ngā pānui mai i ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te kukū tote.
Ngā otinga mō te aroturukitanga whai hua o te kukū tote
Te Whakauru i te Aroturuki Kukū Wai Tote ki te Raina Whakaputa
Matataungā aroturuki kukū totete kukū o te tote i te wā tika hei ārai i te poke i mua. Kātahi ka whakaitihia te tauine mai i te konupūmā whanariki, te warowaihā rānei, ka whakaiti i te auau tiaki i roto i ngā tukanga purenga tote.mita kukū ultrasonice pā ana ki te ine kukū wā-tūturu i roto i te hiko dialysis purenga tote.
Mā te ine i te tere o te oro ka kitea te tere o te oro mai i te pūtake tohu ki te kaiwhiwhi tohu. Kāore te kawe hiko, te tae me te mārama o te wai e pāngia e tēnei tikanga ine, ā, ka tino pono te ine. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakatutuki i te tika o te ine o te 5‰, 1‰, 0.5‰.
Ngā Pūnaha Maimoatanga-ā-Rāina
Mā te whakatinana i te maimoatanga ā-roto hei tango i ngā matū tauine (hei tauira, CaSO₄, silica) i mua i te purenga tote, ka whakaitihia te paru o te pūoko, ka whakapai ake hoki i te tika o te ine. Mā ngā pūnaha maimoatanga ā-roto, pērā i te nanofiltration, te matū rānei e whakarite kia uru te tote ma ki te tukanga ED, ā, ka whai hua ngā pūoko me ngā kiriuhi.
Ngā Pūnaha Aroturuki Maamaa
Mā te whakakotahi i ngā pūoko kukū tote-tūturu me te tātari tuimotu ā-wā ka taurite te utu me te tika. Ahakoa he koretake ngā tikanga matatau pēnei i te ICP-OES mō te aroturuki tonu, ka whakaratohia e rātou he raraunga tino tika mō te whakatikatika, kia tika ai te whakahaere kukū tote-tūturu i roto i ngā tukanga waikawa korōra.
Whakahaere Tukanga Matatau me te Tātari
Ka taea e ngā tātari raraunga wā-tūturu me te ako mīhini te whakatika i ngā pānga whakapūmau kukū me te whakapai ake i te pono o te ine. Mā te tātari i ngā raraunga pūoko me ngā tawhā tukanga, ka arotauhia e ēnei pūnaha te aroturuki kukū tote me te kore he taputapu tāpiri, ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā utu.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te Whakamaemaetanga i te Wai Tote?
Ko te purenga tote ko te tango i ngā paru mai i ngā otinga tote hei whakaputa i te tote parakore teitei mō ngā mahi ahumahi pēnei i te purenga tote chlor alkali, te purenga tote rānei mā te electrodialysis. Ka whakarite i ngā tukanga whai hua me ngā putanga kounga teitei mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau pēnei i te ED hei whakatōtika me te purenga tote.
He aha ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te kukū o te tote?
Ko ngā taputapu noa e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te kukū o te tote ko ngā ine kawe hiko, ngā irahiko whiriwhiri-katote, me ngā taputapu tātari matatau pēnei i te chromatography ion. He iti te utu o ngā ine kawe hiko engari he iti ake te whiriwhiri, engari ka tukuna e ngā irahiko whiriwhiri-katote te tika mō ngā ira motuhake i roto i te ine kukū tote.
Me pēhea te whakatika i ngā raruraru kukū tote?
Ka taea te whakatika i ngā raruraru kukū tote pēnei i te poke, te pōraruraru, te pokanoa rānei mā te pūoko kukū ultrasonic, te maimoatanga i mua i te raina, me te whakahurihuri hiko-dialysis. Ka whakarei ake ngā pūnaha aroturuki ranu me ngā tātari matatau i te tika me te whai huatanga o ngā tukanga purenga tote.
He mea nui te aroturuki i te kukū o te tote tote hei whakapai ake i te purenga tote tote i roto i ngā ahumahi tango tote, te chlor-alkali, me te maimoatanga wai para. Mā te aro atu ki ngā āhuatanga uaua pēnei i ngā hanganga tote tote uaua, te poke o ngā pūoko, me ngā pānga whakapūmau kukū, ka taea e ngā pūoko kukū tote tote matatau me ngā rautaki arotau tukanga te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i ngā utu.
Whakapā atu ki te kaiwhakarato pono o ngā aroturuki kukū tote, a Lonnmeter, i tēnei rā tonu, hei tono whakatau utu, hei whakamātautau rānei, hei whakahaere i ō mahi.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-18-2025
