He Kupu Whakataki ki te Pēhi Pellet i roto i te Tātari XRF
Ko te pēhi pellet te tikanga matua i roto i te tukanga whakarite tauira mō te X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Ko te XRF he tikanga tātari huānga e whakaatuhia ai te tauira ki ngā hihi-X kaha-teitei, ka puta ai ngā hihi-X fluorescent tuarua, motuhake ki te huānga, mai i ngā ngota. Ka kitea, ka inehia hoki ēnei tukunga e te spectrometer, ka taea ai te aromatawai tere, maha-huānga mō ngā tauira totoka, wai, me te paura.
Mā te whakarite i ngā pirepire kua pēhia ka whakakīia ngā tauira paura ki roto i ngā kōpae matotoru, ōrite. Mā tēnei tikanga ka whakaitihia ngā āputa hau me te taratara o te mata, ka taea e ēnei – ki te kore e whakatikahia – te mimiti, te marara rānei i ngā hihi-X, ka whakararu i te tika o te tātari. Ina pēhia ngā paura ki roto i ngā pirepire, ka pumau, ka taea te whakaputa anō i te ara hihi-X i roto i te tauira, ka taea ai te ine tika ake i ngā huānga me te whakanui ake i te aro, inā koa mō ngā huānga māmā pēnei i te konupora, te silicon rānei.
Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o ngā Tikanga Whakarite Pēreti
Ngā Kōwhiringa i roto i te Whakaritenga Pellet
In te tirotiro hihi-x (XRF), ko te pono me te ōritetanga o te tauira e whakatau tika ana i te tika o te tātari me te āheinga ki te whakaputa anō. He rerekē ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia tikanga whakarite pirepire—te paura ma, te pirepire hanumi, me te pirepire pēhi—e tika ana mō ngā hiahia tātari rerekē.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga pereti pēhi nā te mea ka taurite te tika me te whai huatanga. Mā te whakakīkī i ngā paura tauira kua hurihia kia maeneene, kia kore he āputaputa, ka whakaitihia e ēnei tikanga te rerekētanga me te whakaiti i te marara papamuri, he mea tino nui tēnei ina kitea ngā huānga māmā. E taunaki ana ngā tikanga taiwhanga kia whakamahia ngā rahi matūriki ōrite, he iti iho i te 50 µm te nuinga, hei whakanui ake i te ōritetanga o te tauira i te wā e pēhi ana, hei ārai hoki i ngā rerekētanga o te aro ki te ine. Heoi, mā te kore e tino ōrite ngā matūriki, te pēhi hē rānei, ka raru pea te kounga o te pereti, ka puta te pakaru, te ngoikore rānei o te kaha ki te tāruarua i roto i te tātari huānga iti.
Ahakoa he tere, he iti hoki te utu o ngā tikanga paura ma, he maha ngā wā ka raru rātou ki te wehewehe i ngā matūriki me te maeneene o te mata. Ka puta ēnei wero mā te pikinga o te marara me te iti o te aro, inā koa mō ngā huānga kei roto i ngā kukū iti. Nō reira, ko te pēhi paura ma te nuinga o te wā ka waiho hei tirotiro tuatahi, kaua hei tātari tauanga.
Te Whakakotahitanga Xrf mō ngā Tauira Totoka
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Ka wikitoria te tikanga whariki whakakotahi i ngā pānga maha o te matrix e pā ana ki ngā tauira paura mā te whakarewa i te tauira ki roto i te rerenga—ko te lithium borate te tikanga—me te hanga i tētahi whariki karāhe ōrite. Ka tukuna e tēnei tikanga he pumau matū tino pai me te ōrite, he mea tino pai mō te tātari maha-huānga tika. Ahakoa rā, ko ngā wero mahi pēnei i te poke o te rerenga, te rewatanga kāore i oti rānei me whakahaere pakari i te pāmahana, i ngā ōwehenga rerenga, me ngā āhuatanga whakaranu. Ka taea e ngā taputapu whakakotahi matatau me te whakahaere pāmahana aunoa me te whakamahi i te ipu konukawata te whakaiti i ēnei mōrearea, engari he nui ake te wā me te rauemi e pau ana i te whakarite whariki whakakotahi ki te pēhi i te pereti.
I roto i ngā rangahau tata nei, kua puta ake te pēhi paura tino pai—te whakakotahi i te huri mākū ki raro iho i te 4 µm me te pēhi pēhanga tino teitei—hei huarahi pai mō ngā matrices uaua. E whakaatu ana ēnei pire i te whakahekenga nui o te koretake o te tātari me ngā whakapainga nui ki te kimi huānga iti nā te pai ake o te ōritetanga me te maeneene o te mata.
Ko te whiriwhiri i te tikanga tino pai mō te whakarite i te pirepire ka whakawhirinaki ki ētahi paearu:
- Te hanganga tauira me te uauatanga o te matihiko:Ka whai hua ngā rauemi e uaua ana ki te whakaōrite i te pēhitanga o ngā piripiri hanumi, o te paura tino pai rānei.
- Ngā whāinga tātari:Ko te aro nui ki ngā huānga iti e hiahia ana ki ngā tikanga hei whakaiti i te marara papamuri me te whakarei ake i te taea o te tāruarua, pērā i ngā pirepire kua pēhia, kua hanumi rānei.
- Ngā herenga o te mahi me te utu:Mō ngā tātari ahumahi auau, nui te rahinga, ka tere, ka rite hoki ngā pirepire pēhia, engari kāore e nui te whakaiti i te kounga tātari.
- Te mōrearea o te poke:Mā ngā tikanga e whakaiti ana i te whakahaeretanga o te tauira, e iti ake ai hoki ngā tāpiringa e hiahiatia ana, ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o te poke o te papa me te wawaotanga tātari.
He mea nui te whakapai ake i te pēhi—te kaha, te matotoru, me te nui o te here—mō te kounga o te pirepire puta noa i ngā tikanga katoa.
Te Tūranga me te Kōwhiringa o ngā Here
He mea nui te mahi a ngā here wai i roto i te hanganga o ngā pirepire mō te XRF. Ko tā rātou mahi matua he whakakotahi i ngā tauira paura hei pirepire kaha, piripono, e tu atu ana i te wā e whakahaeretia ana, e tātarihia ana, me te kore e pakaru, e pakaru rānei. Mā te here kua whiriwhiria pai ka whakanui ake i te pono o te tauira, ā, ka ārai i te poke, he mea nui ēnei e rua mō ngā raraunga XRF ōrite, taumira teitei.
Ko te waipiro Polyvinyl (PVA) he mea tino whai hua hei here wai. Ina whakamahia ki ngā ōwehenga tino pai (hei tauira, 7:1 tauira ki te here), ka whakarite te PVA kia taurite te makuku me te tohatoha o ngā matūriki pai, ka puta he pire me ngā tauwehenga rerekētanga i raro i te 2%. Ka whakaatuhia e ēnei pire te kaha miihini teitei, te kaha pumau puta noa i ngā huringa tātari, ā, ka whakakorea te hiahia mō ngā maimoatanga mata tāpiri. Ko te taumaha ngota mete kukū o te PVAka pā ki te kaha me te whakakīkī o te oneone matomato, ka āwhina i te hanganga o ngā pirepire pakari me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea o te poke.
Ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi atu mea here pēnei i te cellulose, i te ware pi rānei, i runga i ngā whakaritenga tātari me te matū o te tauira. Ka hoatu e te cellulose he ātete ā-pūkaha, engari ka taea e ngā ware pi te whakarei ake i te hototahitanga o ngā tauira ki te wai me te whakaiti i te waku i waenga i ngā taputapu pēhi.
He pai ake ngā hononga wai i ngā hononga maroke, paura rānei:
- Ka whakapai ake i te ōritetanga o te pire tauira mā te tohatoha ōrite i ngā wāhanga o te tauira i te wā e whakakīkītia ana.
- Ka pehia e ngā here te wehewehenga o ngā matūriki, ka whakaiti i te kore ōritetanga, ki te kore ka heke te aro ki te kimi me te āheinga ki te tāruarua ine.
- Mā te whakaiti i te pa atu o te tauira ki ngā mata pēhi, ka āraihia e ngā here wai te poke—he mea nui rawa atu mō ngā rangahau huānga iti ina taea e te pokanoa o te mata te whakapē i ngā hua.
- Mā te whakamahinga pai o te here ka whakatauhia ngā take noa o te pakaru o te pire, ka tautoko i te pēhi pire pumau me te whakarei ake i te tika o te tātari.
E whakaatu ana ngā tauira mā te whakamahi i te PVA taumaha ngota waenga i roto i te āhua wai ka puta he pirepire he pai te mākū, he kaha te piri, ā, he iti noa te mōrearea o te poke. Mā te whakatinanatanga angitu o te kawa me te whakamaroke whakahaere ka puta he pirepire pēhi kore-papa, ka kore ai e hiahiatia he maimoatanga mata anō.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te whiriwhiri i te here wai—ko te PVA te mea nui rawa atu, ko ngā huarahi kē atu rānei i whakaritea mō te matū o te tauira—he mea nui kia pai ake ai te kounga o te pire, te tika o te tātari, me te āheinga ki te tāruarua i te tukanga i roto i te tirotiro hihi-X.
Ngā Take Matua e Pā Ana ki te Pūmautanga o te Hanganga Pēreti
Arotautanga o te Kukū o te Here
Te arotau i tete kukū o te hereHe mea nui te whakapūmau i te pumau o te hanganga pellet mō te tirotiro hihi-X. Ko te huarahi e tautokona whānuitia ana ko te pupuri i te ōwehenga tauira ki te here i waenga i te 7:1 me te 10:1 mā te taumaha. Mō ngā tauira noa, he rite tēnei ki te 10–14% here, pērā i te waipiro polyvinyl (PVA) te cellulose rānei, i tīpakohia mō te iti o te pokanoa XRF. I ahu mai tēnei ōwehenga i ngā rangahau arotake-ā-hoa me ngā kawa taiwhanga, e whakaatu ana ka puta he pellet me te ōritetanga ōrite, te piripono pai ake, me te pai ake o te whakaputa ine i roto i te tirotiro hihi.
Ko ngā pire i hangaia i roto i tēnei ōwehenga tino pai e whakaatu ana i te pakari ā-pūkaha, e ārai ana i te pakaru, inā koa i te wā e whakahaeretia ana me te whakawhiti mō te tātaritanga XRF. Heoi, ko te iti rawa o te here, ka arahi ki te pakaru o te pire, ki te wehe rānei i te paura, ka poke te wāhi mahi whakarite tauira me ngā taputapu XRF. Ko te korenga o te here e hono ana ki te iti o te auautanga ine nā te koretake o ngā hanganga pire. I tetahi atu taha, ko te nui rawa o te here ka puta mai he maha ngā ngoikoretanga. Ko te whakamahinga nui rawa (neke atu i te 14% o te taumaha) ka whakaiti i te aro ki te kitenga huānga nā te mea ka waimeha ngā here i te tātaritanga ūnga ka whai wāhi ki ngā pānga matrix kāore e hiahiatia, ka uaua ake te whakapai ake i te tika o te tātari. Ka ārai pea ngā kukū here teitei i te whakakīkī pai o te pire; e whakaū ana ngā rangahau ā-pūkaha i muri i te paepae, ka hua ake he pire ngawari ake, he ngoikore ake te here nui mena kāore e tino whakanuia ngā pēhanga pēhi i te wā kotahi.
He mea nui anō hoki te whiriwhiri i te mea e herea ai. He pai te whakamahi i te waipiro polyvinyl (PVA) i roto i ngā tikanga pēhi pere nā te mea kāore e kitea i te XRF me tōna kaha ki te whakaputa pere pakari, piripono, e tautoko ana i te tātaritanga o ia rā me ngā tātaritanga huānga iti. I ētahi wā ka whakamahia te herenga wai mō te hanga pere hei whakahaere i te whakaranu engari me tino tika te horopeta kia kore ai e tino mākū, ka pā kino pea ki te kounga. Ko ngā tikanga whakarite pere mō te tirotiro matawai e taunaki ana kia tīmata me te ōwehenga 7:1 me te whakatikatika pai i runga i ngā whakamātautau kaha ā-wheako me te whakatikatika tātari ki ngā paerewa.
Mā ngā tūtohi e whakataurite ana i te tere rahunga o te pellet me te ōwehenga here e whakaatu ana i te papatahi pumau i roto i te awhe 7:1–10:1, me te pikinga koi o ngā whati i kitea i raro i te 8% here me te hekenga mārie o te kaha tātari i tua atu i te 14% (tirohia te Tauira 1). E whakaatu ana tēnei i te hiahia mō te taurite i waenga i te pumau miihini teitei rawa atu me te kaha tohu XRF tino pai.
Te Huri Tauira me te Whakaōrite
Ko te whakatutukitanga o te hanganga pirepire pumau me whai hoki i te huri tauira me te whakaōrite. He mea nui te whakaiti tonu i te rahi o te matūriki; ko ngā tauira i hurihia ki raro iho i te 50 μm he iti noa te taratara o te mata, ā, ka whakakī pai i ngā kōhao ina pēhia, ka puta he mata pirepire matotoru, maeneene. Ko ngā matūriki pai ake ka whakaiti i te atarangi i roto i ngā ara hihi-X, ā, ka whakarite kia kore te whakaoho me te tukunga XRF e araia e ngā āputa, e te takai koretake rānei, ka whakapai ake i te tika o te tātari. Ko ngā matūriki nui ake, kāore i te ōrite ka wehea i te wā e pēhia ana te pirepire, ka puta he matotoru rerekē, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te ngoikore ā-rohe, te pakaru rānei o te pirepire.
Mā te whakakotahitanga tauira tino pai ka taurite te tohatoha ā-wāhi o te here me te tātari. Ka tino tutuki tēnei mā te whakaranu ā-ringa, pērā i te mira pōro, te huri roa rānei i roto i te whakaranu. Whai muri i te whakaranu tuatahi o te tauira whenua me te here, ka whakaranua he mira tāpiri, he hurihanga rānei i tētahi here paparanga, kia kore ai he wāhi ngoikore e pakaru ai te pire i raro i te pēhanga. Ka manatokohia te whai huatanga o te whakakotahitanga mā te whakaahua whakawhiti-wāhanga pire me te tātari mō te ōritetanga; ko te tohatoha here kāore i te ōrite ka puta hei rohe o te whakakīkī rerekētanga, te waimeha huānga ohorere rānei i roto i te mahere XRF.
I te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakarite pire mō te tirotiro matawai, he mea nui te pupuri i ngā tikanga whakaranu me ngā tautuhinga huri hei hanga anō i te hua. E taunaki ana ngā tikanga ahumahi kia whakaranua te here me te tātari i muri i te mira tuatahi, kātahi ka whakaroa i te wā mira, ka tāpirihia rānei ngā mahi whakaranu kia ōrite te tauira tohatoha ki te tirohanga, ki te tātari rānei. Ko tēnei wāhanga rua—te huri me te whakakotahitanga maha-taahiraa—ka tino whakaiti i te rerekētanga ine me te whakapai ake i te ārai i te pakaru o te pire, e whakaaturia ana i roto i ngā rangahau i whakaitihia ai ngā reiti pakaru pire mā te haurua mā te whakaranu kua arotauhia.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te kukū o te here me te huri/whakaōritenga tino pai ngā mea matua e pā ana ki te pumau o te hanganga o ngā pire. Ka tautokona e rāua tetahi ki tetahi: kāore e taea e te ōwehenga here pai rawa te whakakapi i ngā tauira kāore i te ōrite, ā, ahakoa te huri pai rawa me taurite ki te ihirangi here tika mō ngā pire pumau, teitei te pono e whakamahia ana i roto i te XRF tātari. He mea nui ēnei mahi mō te whakapai ake i te pono o te pire tauira, te tukanga pēhi pire pumau, me te hanga pire pai ake mō te tātari XRF.
Te Whakapūmau i te Pono o te Pellet Tauira me te Ārai i te Pakaru o te Pellet
Ngā Tikanga me ngā Tikanga Pēhi
Ko te pumau o te pire i roto i te tirotiro hihi-X e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pēhanga pēhi taurite, te wā noho, me te tohatoha here ōrite. Ko te pēhanga tino pai mō te mate 40 mm i te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te 15 me te 35 tana. Ka hangaia e tēnei awhe he pire matotoru, kāore he pakaru e hototahi ana ki te tātaritanga o ia rā me te tātaritanga huānga iti. Heoi, ka taea e te pēhanga nui te pakaru o roto, te kino rānei o te mata, ka whakararu i te tika o te tātaritanga.
Te wā noho—mā te pupuri i te pēhanga ūnga mō te kotahi ki te rua meneti—ka whakarite kia tutuki te piri katoa o te pire kua whakakīia. He mea nui te whakaroa i te pēhanga i muri i te wā noho; ko te tukunga tere o te pēhanga ka arahi ki te hau kua mau me te ahotea o roto, ka hua ake he pire ngatata, he pire kua whakakikoruatia rānei.
Ko te kōwhiringa o ngā mea here, pērā i te waipiro polyvinyl (PVA), me te whakatikatika ōwehenga he mea nui ki te whakapai ake i te āhua o te pire tauira. Mā te tohatoha ōrite o te pire ka ārai i ngā rohe ngoikore me te ahotea o roto. E whakaū ana ngā rangahau ka whakaitihia te poke me te kino o ngā taputapu mai i ngā matūriki wetewete e te mea here me te paura kua konatunatua pai. Ka puta pea he pakaru pire me ngā whati i muri i te pēhitanga o te pire, inā koa i muri i te tukunga tere o te pēhanga. Ko ngā pire i pēhia me ngā ōwehenga pire kua arotauhia me ngā rahi matūriki i raro i te 50 µm e whakaatu ana i te roa me te maeneene ake.
He nui te pānga o ngā wā maroke me te whakahaere i muri i te pēhitanga ki te pumau o te hanganga o ngā pire. Mā te tuku i ngā pire kia maroke rawa ka whakakorea te makuku e toe ana, ka ngoikore ai ngā hononga o roto, ka pakaru ai hoki i ngā wā tātari. Mā te tango tupato i te mate me te iti o te whakahaere ka ārai i te ahotea miihini me te pakaru pea.
Te Whakapai Ake i te Āheitanga ki te Whakaputa Ine
Ko te āheinga ki te tāruarua ine i roto i te tirotiro hihi-X e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te pire-ki-pere. Ko te whakarite i te pēhanga, te wā noho, me te ōwehenga here puta noa i ia puranga he mea nui. Mā te horoi tonu i ngā mate me ngā taputapu pēhi i waenga i ngā tauira ka ārai i te parahanga e mau tonu ana, ka puta ai te pokanoa tātari me te whakaaro pōhēhē.
Ka whakapakaritia te whakahaere poke mā te whiriwhiri i ngā mea here pēnei i te PVA, e whakaatu ana i te iti rawa o te pokanoa ā-tirotiro me te kaha o te piri o ngā pire. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā paura me ngā mea here i ia wā—mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakaranu vortex, i ngā whakaranu hurihuri rānei—ka puta he pire me ngā kōtaha whakakīkī ōrite me ngā waimehatanga tātaritanga.
Hei whakarei ake i te āheinga ki te whakaputa anō, whakamahia tonu te inenga kua whakaritea mō te here me te papatipu tauira. Whakamahia ngā tikanga whakarite paura e whakaputa ana i ngā rahi matūriki i raro i te 50 µm hei whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te tākai. Ko ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā mita mātotoru ā-roto me ngā mita matotoru mai i Lonnmeter ka whai wāhi ki te kounga tauira ōrite mā te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga o te ranunga here-tauira i mua i te pēhi, kia mau ai ngā tukanga hanganga pirepire.
Mā ngā taiao mahi ma, whakahaeretia hoki—kāore he matūriki me ngā paura toenga e rere ana i te rangi—ka ārai i te poke o waho me te pokanoa i waenga i ngā pirepire. Mā te tohatoha here ōrite me ngā mahi tukanga paerewa ka nui ake te aro ki te kitenga i roto i te hihi-X me te tika o te tātari.
Te Whakatutuki i te Tika o te Tātari me te Whakapai ake i te Tairongo Kimi
Te ōritetanga me te ōritetanga
Ko te hanganga ōrite o te pirepire he tūāpapa mō te tirotiro hihi-X, e pā tika ana ki te aro ki te kimi me te tika o te tātari. Ina hurihia ngā paura tauira me te whakakīkīhia ki ngā ōwehenga pai rawa atu, ka puta he hanganga ōrite ki ia rohe o te pirepire ki ngā hihi-X e tau mai ana. Mā tēnei ōritetanga ka noho pūmau tonu ngā pānga mimiti me te marara, kia taea ai te kimi pono ake i ngā huānga iti me ngā huānga iti.
I roto i ngā tatauranga, ka puta he hua whakamiharo i roto i te āheinga ki te whakaputa anō ine i ngā whakapainga o te ōritetanga. Hei tauira, ko ngā tātaritanga tāruarua o ngā pire whenua i pēhia ki te here waipiro polyvinyl (PVA) i te kukū whakahaeretia e whakaatu ana i ngā paerewa rerekētanga i roto i ngā pānui huānga matua i raro i te 2%. I roto i ngā whakamātautau huānga iti, ka whakaitihia e ngā pire kua ōrite pai ngā rerekētanga kaha me te whakaiti i te pokanoa mai i ngā rerekētanga kiato, rahi matūriki rānei. E whakaū ana ngā raraunga whakamātautau he pai ake te mahi a ngā pire i pēhia i ngā paura wetewete, me te whakanui ake i te aro ki ngā huānga iti-kukū (pēnei i te fluorine, te konutai rānei) me ngā ānau whakatikatika tino pumau. I te pikinga ake o te ōritetanga o te pire, ka whakaitihia ngā hapa matapōkere me ngā hapa pūnaha e puta mai ana i te rerekētanga o te tauira, ka whakapiki ake i te maia ki te kimi i ngā huānga nui me ngā huānga iti.
Ko te mahi nui a te whiriwhiri i te here wai he mea nui. Mā te waipiro polyvinyl (PVA) i roto i te ōwehenga tino whakahaere ka whakawhiwhia te pumau ā-mīhini, ā, ka whakarite kia rite te tohatoha o te rauemi tātaritanga. Mā ngā kukū whakahaeretia—ko te tikanga he 20–30% te taumaha mō te here—ka ārai i te pakaru, te pakaru, me te wehewehenga kiato, kia puta ai he whakaaturanga pono o te tauira papatipu i ia pire. Mā te huri pai ki ngā rahi matūriki iti iho i te 10 μm, ā, muri iho ko te whakakīkī pēhanga teitei ka whakakore i ngā āputa hau me ngā hapa hanganga, ka whakarei ake i te kounga o te mata tātaritanga me te āheinga ki te whakaputa anō.
Whakamana Tatauranga
Ko te whakamana i te tika o te tātari me te aro ki te kimi ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā tikanga tatauranga pakari. Ko te tikanga, ka whakawhirinaki ngā taiwhanga ki ngā inenga maha o ngā rauemi tohutoro whaimana (CRM) hei ine i te tika (te auau) me te pono (te whakaae ki ngā uara whaimana). Mō ngā pirepire pēhia e whakaatu ana i te ōritetanga tino pai, ka noho tonu ngā rerekētanga ine i roto i te rā me te rā i raro i te 2% mō ngā huānga matua, e whakaū ana i te pono o ngā hua mō te tātari auau me te tātari tohu. He mea tino kitea tēnei tino tika ina whakamahia ana ngā kukū here PVA kua arotauhia: "Ko te whakapai ake i te pono o te pirepire me te pumau o te tauira kua tutukihia me ngā ōwehenga PVA kua arotauhia ka taea ai ngā inenga XRF tika, auau me te rerekētanga <2%."
Ka toro atu te whakamana tauanga mā te whakamahi i ngā ānau whakatikatika i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi tohutoro maha. Ka tautokohia e ēnei te whakapono ki ngā whakataunga huānga iti me ngā huānga iti, inā koa i roto i ngā matrices wero e hiahia ana ki ngā rohe kitenga iti. Ka aromatawaihia hoki e ngā taiwhanga ngā paearu mahi nui pēnei i te rohe o te ine, te auautanga, te pakari ki ngā pānga matrix, me te whiriwhiri, me te whakarite kia mau tonu te tika tātari o ngā pire kua whakaritea puta noa i te whānuitanga hihiri. Ko te whakamana tonu, me te whakahaere pakari i ngā taurangi hanganga pire, ka tautoko i te tirotiro fluorescence x-ray pono, ka taea te whakaputa anō mō ngā tono aroturuki auau me te rangahau hōhonu.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ko te whakamahinga āta o ēnei tikanga whakarite pire - inā koa i roto i te whakaranu i te here PVA, te rahi o ngā matūriki pai, me te whakapūmautanga ā-wāhanga - ka hua ake he pire ōrite e mau tonu ana ngā taunekeneke hihi-X puta noa i ngā tāruarua maha me ngā wā tātari roa. Ko tēnei ōritetanga, kua whakamanahia e te tatauranga, ka puta he whakapainga mahi i roto i te aro, e tautoko ana i ngā paepae kitenga iti me te whakapono nui ake ki te pūrongo huānga taumata-ira.
Te Inenga Aunoa me te Mana Porowhita-Katia i roto i te Whakaritenga Pellet
Ko te whakahaere inenga aunoa kei te tino huri i ngā tikanga whakarite pire mō te tirotiro ine, inā koa mō ngā taiwhanga hihi-X teitei-whakaputa. I roto i te whakarite tauira XRF, ko te tāpiri tika me te rite o ngā here - ahakoa he here wai mō te hanga pire, he here waipiro polyvinyl (PVA) rānei - ka pā tika ki ngā āhuatanga pumau o te hanganga pire, te pono o te pire tauira, me te tika o te tātari whānui. Ka whakahaerehia e ngā pūnaha inenga aunoa te pauna me te tāpiri here me te tika kua whakaritea, e whakaiti ana i te rerekētanga me te hapa o te tangata. He mea nui tēnei whakahaere mō te aukati i te pakaru o te pire me te pupuri i te kiato ka taea te whakaputa anō me te kounga o te mata, he tohu o te taea te whakaputa anō i roto i te tirotiro ine.
Ka whakapiki ake ngā pūnaha whakahaere porowhita-kati i te paerewa mā te aroturuki me te whakarite i ia wāhanga o te pēhi pere. Ka ine tonu ēnei pūnaha i ngā tawhā tukanga—pērā i te kaha pēhi, te wā noho, me te pāmahana—i te wā e hangaia ana te pere. Ka mahia aunoa ngā whakatikatika i te wā tūturu hei pupuri i ia pere i roto i ngā matapihi whakaritenga tino pakari, ka whakapai ake i te aro ki te kitenga i roto i te hihi-x me te whakaiti i te rerekētanga puranga. Hei tauira, mā ngā porowhita whakahaere e whakahaere ana i te pāmahana piri ka whakarite kia pai te hononga i waenga i ngā matūriki, ka whakanui ake i te roa o te pere me te whakaiti i ngā para here.
Ko te whakauru i ngā mahi pauna aunoa, te inenga, me te pēhi te tūāpapa o ngā tukanga pēhi pirepire pumau, ka taea te whakahoki. I roto i ngā kupu mahi, ka tīmata te tukanga mahi me ngā waeine inenga kua whakaritea i mua i te hōtaka e tohatoha ana i ngā rahinga tika o te here ki runga i te tauira paura. Kātahi ka whakaūhia e ngā papa pauna karetao, e ngā carousel aunoa rānei ngā taumaha whainga i roto i te tika o te mirikaramu, tae atu ki te whakaaro ki ngā rauemi uaua pēnei i ngā here hygroscopic, deliquescent rānei. Mā te tuku tika ki ngā mīhini pēhi waipēhi aunoa, ki ngā mīhini pēhi servo rānei ka oti te huringa, ka tutuki ai ngā kōtaha pēhanga tino ōrite me ngā wā noho mō ia pirepire.
Mā tēnei whakaurunga ka whakarite kia pakari te whakaputa me te kaha o te whakaputa, he mea tino nui tēnei i roto i ngā taiwhanga XRF nui. Mā te whakarite i te pauna, te inenga, me te pēhi i roto i te porowhita maeneene, ka taea e ngā taiwhanga te whakaputa mano tini o ngā pire ia rā me te iti o te wawaotanga a te kaiwhakahaere. Ka tautokohia hoki e te tukanga te whakawhānui i ngā momo rauemi: ka taea e ngā taiwhanga kaha te whirihora i ngā teihana inenga tāpiri, ngā papa pauna, ngā mīhini pēhi whakauru rānei i te tipu haere o te tono.
Te aroturuki tonu—e tautokona ana e ngā taputapu ine ā-roto pēnei i tengā mita mātotoru mai i Lonnmeter—ka taea ai te urupare wā-tūturu. Mā tēnei urupare ka maukati i te hanga pirepire kua arotauhia mō te XRF mā te kite wawe i ngā rerekētanga o te mātotoru, te tohatoha here rānei, me te whakaoho i ngā mahi whakatika tonu i mua i te puta o te rerekētanga tātari.
Mā te mana aunoa ka whakaratohia he taiao taiwhanga haumaru ake, ā, ka pai ake te auautanga ina whakahaere i ngā momo here kanorau, i ngā tauira uaua rānei. Ko te ōritetanga o te kōwhiringa here mō te pumau o te pire, ka tutuki mā roto i ngā rerengamahi aunoa i te wā tūturu, ka puta tika ki ngā hua tātari pai ake me te whakapono nui ake ki te ine i ngā huānga.
E whakaatu ana ngā tūtohi me ngā raraunga tukatuka i roto i ngā mahi arotake-a-hoa tata nei me pēhea te whakaiti a te whakahaere inenga-katia me te whakahaere inenga aunoa i te rerekētanga o te mātotoru o te pirepire ki raro iho i te 1% puta noa i ngā puranga tauira nui. He mea nui tēnei momo pumau mahi mō te kimi taumata-aroturuki me te whakatairite pono i waenga i ngā oma, e whakapūmau ana i ngā hua XRF kounga teitei.
Ko te whakaurunga whānui me te urupare wā-tūturu tēnei e tautuhi ana i te hangarau hou o te pēhi pirepire mō te tātaritanga matawhenua. Ehara i te mea ko te inenga aunoa me te whakahaere porowhita-katia he taputapu whakaora mahi noa iho; he mea nui hoki ēnei mō te kaha ki te whakaputa anō i ngā tātaritanga, te tika o te ine, me ngā rerengamahi taiwhanga whai hua, ka taea te whakawhanui.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha te mātakitaki irahiko-X, ā, he aha te hiranga o te pēhi i te pereti?
Ko te X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) he tikanga tātari e whakamahia ana hei tautuhi me te ine i ngā huānga i roto i tētahi rauemi mā te ine i te tukunga X-ray āhuatanga o ngā ngota ina whakaohokia e tētahi pūtake o waho. He mea nui te pēhi pellet nā te mea ka hurihia ngā tauira paura hei kōpae matotoru, ōrite, kia taurite ai te tohatoha o ngā rauemi. Ko te papatahi me te pono o te pellet kua pēhia ka whakaiti i ngā hapa o te mata ka taea te marara i ngā hihi-X, ka whakaiti i te hapa ine me te rerekētanga. Ko te whakarite pellet ōrite ka whakapai ake i te aro ki te kitenga, ka tika ake, ka taea hoki te whakaputa anō i ngā hua tauanga mai i te XRF.
He pēhea te pānga o te kukū o te here ki te pumau o te hanganga pirepire me te pumau o te tauira?
He mea nui te kukū o te here i roto i te hanganga o ngā pire. Ki te iti rawa te here ka ngoikore ngā pire, ka pakaru rānei, ka pākarukaru rānei, engari ka taea e te here nui te whakaputa i ngā pānga matrix ka whakapōturi i te aro o te kitenga me te tika o te tātari i roto i te XRF. Mā te whakataurite i te ōwehenga here-ki-te-tauira ka whakarite i te kaha miihini me te ōritetanga o te tauira. Hei tauira, mā te arotau i te here māngaro i roto i ngā pire whakakorikori ka whakanui ake i te kaha me te pupuri i te pumau, engari mā te whakakīkī koretake ka whakaiti i te pumau ahakoa i ngā horopeta here teitei ake. Mā te horopeta here ōrite mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha aunoa ka whakaū ake i te hanganga pire, ka tiakina te pumau o te tauira mō te tātari pono.
He aha ngā painga o te whakamahi i te waipiro polyvinyl (PVA) hei here wai i roto i te whakarite pellet?
He pai te here wai mō te hanga pere. Nā tōna wairewatanga wai me ōna āhuatanga mākū teitei ka āwhina i te horapa me te piri o ngā matūriki i te wā e hangaia ana ngā pere. Mā te whakamahi i te PVA ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te poke o te papa, ā, ka tautoko i te hanganga o ngā pere pakari, kāore e pakaru. Mā te PVA taumaha ngota waenga ka whakapai ake i te whakakīkī, ka whakarei ake i te kaha matomato, ā, ka whakarite kia ōrite ahakoa i ngā kukū iti. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau kāore te PVA e whakanui noa i te kaha me te pumau o te pēhanga engari ka pupuri tonu i te ōritetanga o te tauira—he mea nui mō te tirotiro tika. Ko te maha o ngā whakamahinga o te PVA puta noa i ngā momo matrices paura ka pai mō ngā tikanga whakarite pere e hangai ana ki te here wai.
Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te āheinga ki te tāruarua ine me te tika o te tātari i roto i te whakarite pellet?
Ko te āheinga ki te tāruarua ine me te tika o te tātari e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakarite paerewa i ngā mahi matua: te huri tauira kia rite te rahi o te matūriki; te ine tika i te here mō ngā pire pumau; me te pēhi pēhi ōrite kia kore ai e piki haere te mātotoru. Ka whakaitihia e ngā perehi aunoa te rerekētanga i puta mai i te tangata, ko ngā pūnaha whakahaere porowhita-katia ka whakarite kia aroturukitia tonutia me te whakatikatika i ngā tawhā whakarite. Ko te tiaki auau i ngā mate me te piri pono ki ngā kawa ka whakapiki ake i te pono. He mea nui anō te whakangungu kaimahi me te whakarite paerewa tino pai o te reremahi hei pupuri i te āheinga ki te tāruarua i roto i te pēhi pire me te tauira. Ka tino whakapai ake ēnei mahi i ngā putanga tātari i roto i ngā tono XRF.
He aha ngā mahi e taunakitia ana hei ārai i te pakaru o te pellet i te wā e whakarite ana mō te tātaritanga XRF?
Hei ārai i te pakaru, whakamahia he mea here e tika ana pērā i te PVA i te kukū tino pai, ā, kia ōrite te ranunga o te paura me te mea here. Whakahaerehia te kaha pēhi kia kore ai e nui rawa ngā ahotea, ā, kia ōrite te matotoru me te papatipu o te pire kia ōrite te whakakī. Whakakotahitia te tauira i mua i te pēhi, ā, whakamarokehia te pire kia kore ai e puta ngā hapa hanganga e pā ana ki te makuku. Mā te pupuri i te taputapu huri me te pauna ma, ka whakaitihia te poke, ka puta pea ngā wāhi ahotea ka pakaru. Mā te piri ki ēnei tikanga, ehara i te mea ka pai ake te pumau o te hanganga pire engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te pumau o te pire tauira me te kaha ki te whakaputa anō i te ine.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-11-2025
