Te Matotoru o te Parai Bentonite
1. Te Whakarōpūtanga me te Mahi o te paru
1.1 Whakarōpūtanga
Ko te Bentonite, e mōhiotia ana ko te toka bentonite, he toka uku kei roto he ōrau nui o te montmorillonite, he maha ngā wā kei roto he iti noa te illite, te kaolinite, te zeolite, te feldspar, te calcite, me ētahi atu. E toru ngā momo o te Bentonite: te bentonite konutai (oneone kawakore), te bentonite konupūmā (oneone kawakore) me te whenua mātotoru (oneone waikawa). I roto i ēnei, ka taea te whakarōpū i te bentonite konupūmā ki ngā bentonite konupūmā-konutai me te konupūmā-konupora.
1.2 Te Mahi
1) Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana
He mā, he kōwhai mārama te Bentonite i te taiao, ā, he hina mārama anō hoki, he māwhero kakariki mārama, he whero parauri, he mangu, me ētahi atu. He rerekē te pakari o te Bentonite nā ō rātou āhuatanga ā-tinana.
2) Te Hanganga Matū
Ko ngā wāhanga matū matua o te bentonite ko te hauhā silicon (SiO2), te waikura konumohe (Al2O3) me te wai (H2O). He nui hoki te nui o te waikura rino me te waikura konupora i ētahi wā, ā, he maha ngā wā kei roto i te bentonite te konupūmā, te konutai, me te pāhare pāporo i roto i ngā momo ihirangi rerekē. Ko te nui o te Na2O me te CaO i roto i te bentonite he rerekētanga ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū, tae atu ki te hangarau tukatuka.
3) Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana me te Matū
He tino pai te Bentonite mō tōna āhua pai rawa atu mō te wai, arā, te whakawhanui i muri i te mimiti wai. Ka eke te maha o te whakawhanui e uru ana ki te mimiti wai ki te 30 ngā wā. Ka taea te whakamarara ki roto i te wai hei hanga i tētahi wairewa matotoru, thixotropic, me te whakahinuhinu. Ka huri hei mea ngohengohe, hei piri hoki i muri i te whakaranu ki ngā paru iti pēnei i te wai, te paru, te onepu rānei. Ka taea e ia te mimiti i ngā hau, ngā wai, me ngā matū waro, ā, ko te kaha mimiti mōrahi ka eke ki te 5 ngā wā o tōna taumaha. Ka taea e te oneone whakama waikawa mata-kaha te mimiti i ngā matū tae.
Ko ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te bentonite e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo me te nui o te montmorillonite kei roto. I te nuinga o te wā, he pai ake ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te bentonite konutai me te mahi hangarau i te bentonite konupūmā, konupora rānei.
2. Te Ine Tonu i te Parai Bentonite
TeMita Ronaroto i te rārangibentōniteslurrymatotorumitahe ipurangimita mātotoru penupenue whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi. Ko te mātotoru o te paru e pā ana ki te ōwehenga o te taumaha o te paru ki te taumaha o tētahi rōrahi wai kua tohua. Ko te rahi o te mātotoru paru e inehia ana i te papaanga ka whakawhirinaki ki te taumaha katoa o te paru me ngā tapahi keri i roto i te paru. Me whakauru hoki te taumaha o ngā ranunga mēnā he mea.
3. Te Whakamahinga o te Parapara i raro i ngā Āhuatanga Ā-Ao Rerekē
He uaua ki te keri i tētahi kōhao i roto i te mīhini oro, te kirikiri, ngā paparanga o ngā kōhatu me ngā rohe pakaru hei āwhina i te hononga iti i waenga i ngā matūriki. Ko te kī o te raruraru kei roto i te whakanui ake i te kaha hononga i waenga i ngā matūriki, ā, ka whakamahia te paru hei ārai tiaki i roto i aua paparanga.
3.1 Te Pānga o te Matotoru o te Para ki te Tere o te Keri
Ka heke te tere o te keri i te pikinga o te mātotoru o te paru. Ka tino heke te tere o te keri, inā koa ka nui ake te mātotoru o te paru i te 1.06-1.10 karamu/cm3. Ka nui ake te matotoru o te paru, ka iti ake te tere o te keri.
3.2 Te Pānga o te Ihirangi Oneone i roto i te Para ki te Keri
He mōrearea te nui o ngā para toka i roto i te paru i te wā e keri ana, ka hua ake he poka purenga kore tika, ā, ka piri. Hei tāpiri, ka puta he momi me te pēhanga, ka puta he turuturu, he hinga rānei te puna. He nui te nui o te onepu, ā, he matotoru te paru i roto i te poka. Ka hinga te pakitara o te poka nā te makuku, ā, he ngāwari te taka o te kiri paru, ka puta he aituā i roto i te poka. I taua wā anō, ka nui te pakaru o ngā paipa, ngā mata keri, ngā ringaringa rango papu wai, me ngā tokotoko piston nā te nui o te paru, ā, he poto te roa o te wā mahi. Nō reira, i raro i te kaupapa o te whakarite i te taurite o te pēhanga hanganga, me whakaiti te matotoru o te paru me te nui o te onepu i te mea ka taea.
3.3 Te Matotoru o te Para i roto i te Oneone Ngāwari
I roto i ngā paparanga oneone ngohengohe, ki te iti rawa te matotoru o te paru, ki te tere rawa rānei te tere o te keri, ka hinga te poka. He pai ake te pupuri i te matotoru o te paru ki te 1.25g/cm3i roto i tēnei paparanga oneone.
4. Ngā Tātai Parapara Noa
He maha ngā momo para i roto i te hangarau, engari ka taea te whakarōpū i ēnei momo kia rite ki te hanganga matū. Ko te tikanga whakataurite penei:
4.1 Parai Na-Cmc (Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose)
Ko tēnei parapara te parapara whakarei matotoru tino noa, ā, he mahi tā te Na-CMC ki te whakanui ake i te matotoru me te whakaiti i te ngaronga wai. Ko te tātai: 150-200 karamu o te uku parapara kounga teitei, 1000ml o te wai, 5-10kg o te pungarehu houra, me te 6kg o te Na-CMC. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te parapara: te mātotoru 1.07-1.1 karamu/cm3, te matotoru 25-35 hēkona, te ngaronga wai iti iho i te 12ml/30 meneti, te uara pH tata ki te 9.5.
4.2 Parai Rino Chromium Tote-Na-Cmc
He kaha te whakanui ake i te matotoru me te pumau o tēnei para, ā, he mahi nui tā te tote rino chromium ki te aukati i te whakapūpū (te waimeha). Ko te tātai: 200 karamu o te uku, 1000 miririta wai, tāpirihia te 20% o te otinga kawakore parakore i te 50% te kukū, tāpirihia te 0.5% o te otinga tote ferrochromium i te 20% te kukū, me te 0.1% Na-CMC. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te para: te mātotoru 1.10 karamu/cm3, te matotoru 25 hēkona, te ngaronga wai 12 miririta/30 meneti, te pH 9.
4.3 Parai Lignin Sulfonate
I ahu mai te lignin sulfonate i te wai para penupenu whanariki, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana me te kaihoko waro alkali hei whakaoti i te aukati-totoka me te ngaronga wai o te paru i runga i te pikinga o te matotoru. Ko te tikanga he 100-200kg uku, 30-40kg wai para penupenu whanariki, 10-20kg kaihoko waro alkali, 5-10kg NaOH, 5-10kg whakakore pahuka, me te 900-1000L wai mō te 1m3 paru. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te paru ko: te matotoru 1.06-1.20 g/cm3, te matotoru o te hāpara 18-40s, te ngaronga wai 5-10ml/30min, ā, ka taea te tāpiri i te 0.1-0.3kg Na-CMC i te wā keri hei whakaiti ake i te ngaronga wai.
4.4 Parai Waikawa Humic
Ka whakamahia te kaiārahi waro, te humate konutai rānei hei whakau i te parai waikawa humic. Ka taea te whakamahi tahi me ētahi atu kaiārahi maimoatanga pēnei i te Na-CMC. Ko te tikanga mō te whakarite i te parai waikawa humic ko te tāpiri i te 150-200kg kaiārahi waro (taumaha maroke), 3-5kg Na2CO3, me te 900-1000L wai ki te 1m3 o te parai. Ngā āhuatanga o te parai: te mātotoru 1.03-1.20 g/cm3, te ngaronga wai 4-10ml/30min, te pH 9.
Wā tuku: 12-Pepuere-2025
