Te Ine i te Kiato Wai mō te Arotau i te Tukanga Whakakorenga Pūngāwerewere Hau Kore
CKo te tahunga o ngā wahie pūmua ka puta he hua taha taiao nui: te hauhā whanariki (SO₂) hau, me te neke atu i te 95% o te whanariki i roto i te wahie e huri ana heiSO₂i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere noa. He tino parahanga hau tēnei hau waikawa, e whai wāhi ana ki te ua waikawa, ā, he nui ngā tūponotanga ki te hauora tangata, ki te taonga tuku iho, me ngā pūnaha taiao. Ko temitīrate whakatinanatanga ofkua arahina ngā tukunga kino ki te whakatinanatanga ote tukanga whakakorenga whanariki o te hau parungā hangarau.
Te Wehewehe i ngā Tukanga Desulfurization me te Denitration
I roto i te kōrero mō te whakahaere tukunga o ēnei rā, me wehewehe mārama i waenga ite tukanga whakakorenga whanariki o te hau parumetukanga whakakorengaAhakoa he mea nui ngā mea e rua mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao, he rerekē ngā momo poke e arohia ana e rāua, ā, he rerekē ngā mātāpono e whakahaerehia ana. Ko tetukanga whakakorengahe mea hanga motuhake hei tango i ngā waikura hauota (NOx). He maha ngā wā ka tutukihia tēnei mā roto i ngā hangarau pēnei i te Whakaiti Whakakorikori Whiriwhiri (SCR) te Whakaiti Kore-Whakakorikori Whiriwhiri rānei (SNCR), e āwhina ana i te hurihanga o te NOx ki te hauota ngota kore mahi.
The tukanga whakakorenga whanariki, e ai ki te whakahaere i roto iWFGDngā pūnaha, ka mimiti matū i te waikawaSO₂hau mā te whakamahi i tētahi reo kawakore. Ahakoa kua hangaia ētahi pūnaha matatau, pērā i te tukanga SNOX, mō te tango i ngā waikura whanariki me te hauota i te wā kotahi, he ara matū motuhake tonu ō rātou tikanga matua. He mea nui te mārama ki tēnei rerekētanga mō te hoahoa pūnaha me te rautaki whakahaere whai hua, nā te mea he ahurei ngā tawhā ine me te whakahaere mō ia tukanga.
Te Pūtake o te Parai
Te ngākau o teWFGDko te pūnaha te mea mimiti, kei heaSO₂Ka rere ake te hau para ki roto i te kohu matotoru, i te rehu rānei o te paru kawakore, he ranunga o te kōhatu kirikiri me te wai kua hurihia pai. Ko te whai huatanga me te pumau o tēnei taunekeneke matū e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o te paru tonu. He hihiri, he uaua hoki tōna hanganga, kei roto ko ngā matūriki totoka o te kōhatu kirikiri me te gypsum, ngā momo matū rewa pēnei i te konupūmā me te whanariki, me ngā poke pēnei i te hauota. Ahakoa kua whakawhirinaki ngā rautaki whakahaere tuku iho ki ngā tawhā pēnei i te pH hei whakatau i te āhua o te paru, me whai huarahi whānui ake hei whakatutuki i te hiranga whakahaere pono. Koinei te wāhi e puta ai te ine i te mātotoru wai ipurangi hei taputapu tino nui. Ka whakaratohia he ine tika, he ine tauanga o te kukū totoka katoa—he taurangi e pā ana ki te tere o te tauhohenga, te pono o ngā taputapu, me te ōhanga pūnaha i ngā huarahi e kore e taea e ētahi atu inenga. Mā te neke atu i te mana whakatau ngāwari, ka taea e ngā miihini te iriti i te pūmanawa katoa o ā rātoutukanga whakakorenga whanarikimā te whakamahi i te taurangi kore e kitea o te mātotoru o te paru hei kaupapa matua mō te arotau i te tukanga.
He pātai āu mō te arotau i ngā tukanga whakaputa?
Te Hononga Matū me te Hononga Ā-tinana o te WFGD Slurry Dynamics
Te Tauhohenga o te Kōhatu-Gypsum
TeWFGDKo te tukanga e whakamahi ana i te kōhatu-gypsum he tono matatau o ngā mātāpono hangarau matū i hangaia hei whakakore i ngā hau paru waikawa. Ka tīmata te haerenga i roto i te tāke whakarite paru, ka konatunatua te kōhatu kua hurihia pai (CaCO₃) ki te wai. Kātahi ka papua tēnei paru ki te pourewa mimiti, ka rehuhia ki raro. I roto i te mimiti,SO₂Ka mimitia te hau e te paru, ka hua ake he raupapa o ngā tauhohenga matū. Ka hangaia e te tauhohenga tuatahi te konupūmā whanariki (CaSO₃), ka whakapūkaratia e te hau e whakaurua ana ki roto i te tāke tauhohenga. Mā tēnei whakapūkara āki ka hurihia te konupūmā whanariki hei konupūmā whanariki dihydrate pumau, te gypsum rānei (CaSO₄·2H₂O), he hua taha hokohoko e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga hanga. Ka taea te whakangawari i te tauhohenga whānui penei:
SO2(g)+CaCO3(s)+21O2(g)+2H2O(l)→CaSO4⋅2H2O(s)+CO2(g)
He mea nui te hurihanga o tētahi para hei rauemi hei akiaki i te taha ōhanga me te taha taiao, e whai wāhi tika ana ki te ōhanga porowhita.
Parapara hei Pūnaha Maha-wāhanga, Hihiri
Ehara i te ranunga noa o te kōhatu me te wai te paru. He taiao matatini, maha-wāhanga, ko te mātotoru he mahi a ngā totoka iri—tae atu ki te kōhatu kāore i tauhohe, ngā tioata gypsum hou, me te pungarehu rere toenga—me ngā tote rewa me te hau kua mau. Ka rerekē tonu te kukū o ēnei wāhanga, ka pāngia e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te kounga o te waro e haere mai ana, te whai huatanga o ngā tango matūriki o runga pēnei i ngā kaiwhakaoho hiko, me te rere o te wai whakapūmau. Ko tētahi mea nui hei whakahaere ko te ihirangi pūhaumāota, ka puta mai i te waro, te wai whakapūmau, te pupuhi rānei o te pourewa whakamatao. Ka hangaia e ngā pūhaumāota he pūhaumāota konupūmā wairewa (CaCl₂) i roto i te paru, ka taea te pehi i te rewa o te kōhatu me te whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te tango whanariki whānui. Ka tūpono hoki te nui o te pūhaumāota ki te tere ake o te waikura me te pakaru ahotea i roto i ngā wāhanga whakarewa o te pūnaha, me te hiahia kia rere tonu te horoi kia mau tonu ai te taiao haumaru me te pumau. Nō reira, ko te kaha ki te ine tika me te auau i te mātotoru whānui o tēnei ranunga hihiri he mea nui mō te pono o te pūnaha.
Te Hononga Hiranga o te Mātotoru, te pH, me te Rahi o te Matūriki
I roto i tetukanga whakakorenga whanariki, he tino tairongo te tere o ngā tauhohenga matū ki ētahi tawhā honohono. Hei tauira, ko te pai o ngā matūriki o te kōhatu waikura te mea matua e whakatau ana i tōna tere whakarewa. He tere ake te whakarewa o te kōhatu waikura pai i te kōhatu papatahi, ā, ka pai ake teSO₂te tere mimiti. Waihoki, ko te pH o te para he tawhā whakahaere matua, e puritia ana i roto i te awhe whaiti o te 5.7 ki te 6.8. Mēnā ka heke rawa te pH (i raro iho i te 5) ka kore e whai hua te horoi, engari mēnā ka piki rawa te pH (i runga ake i te 7.5) ka puta he unahi whakakoi o te CaCO₃ me te CaSO₄ ka ārai i ngā pūwero me ētahi atu taputapu.
Ko te rautaki whakahaere tikanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tāpiri atu i te kōhatu uku hei pupuri i te pH pumau, engari he huarahi whakangawari tēnei e kore e aro ki te ihirangi totoka katoa o te paru. Ahakoa e whakarato ana te pH i ngā mōhiohio mō te waikawa o te paru, kāore e ine tika i te kukū o ngā matū tauhohe me ngā hua taha. Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te pH me te mātotoru he take whakahihiri mō tētahi kaupapa whakahaere matatau ake. Ko te pH teitei, he mea pai mō te tango SO₂, he mea kino ki te tere o te whakarewanga o te kōhatu uku. Ka hangaia he taumahatanga mahi taketake. Mā te whakauru i te ine mātotoru wā-tūturu ki roto i te porowhita whakahaere, ka whiwhi ngā miihini i tētahi ine tika o te papatipu o ngā matū totoka i whakatārewatia i roto i te paru, tae atu ki te kōhatu uku nui me ngā matūriki gypsum. Mā tēnei raraunga ka taea te mārama ake ki te hauora o te pūnaha, i te mea ko te pikinga o te mātotoru kāore e whakaatahia ana i roto i te huringa o te pH ka tohu pea i te kohikohinga o ngā matū totoka kāore i tauhohe, i tētahi take whakamaroke wai rānei. Mā tēnei māramatanga hohonu ake ka taea te neke mai i te tauhohe noa ki te pānui pH iti ki te whakahaere matatau i te taurite o ngā matū totoka o te pūnaha, kia mau ai te mahi pumau, te whakaiti i te kakahu, me te arotau i te whakamahinga o te matū.
Ako atu mō ētahi atu mita mātotoru
VNgā Atekōkiri o te Kiato TikaMonitōrinig
Te Arotau i te Tukanga me te Whai Hua
He mea nui te ine tika i te kiato i te wā tūturuWFGDte arotautanga tukanga. Mā tēnei tika stoichiometric ka ārai i te maumau nui o te horopeta, ka puta tika tēnei ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga rauemi me te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga whakahaere. Ko te whai huatanga o tetukanga whakakorenga whanarikika inehia mā tōna kaha ki te pupuri i te itiSO₂ngā kukū tukunga, e kore nei e neke ake i te 400 mg/m³ mō te maha o ngā whare hou. Mā te porowhita whakahaere kiato ka whakarite kia mahi te pūnaha i tōna tino pai kia tutuki tonu ai ēnei paerewa tukunga matua.
Te Whakapai Ake i te Pono me te Roa o ngā Taputapu
Ko te āhua kaha o te taiao WFGD he tūmomo mōrearea tonu ki te pono o ngā taputapu. Ka nui te pakaru o te mīhini me te waikura matū o ngā papu, ngā takirere, me ētahi atu wāhanga nā te paru whakakoi me te waikura. Mā te pupuri i te kiato o te paru i roto i te awhe e whakahaeretia tika ana (hei tauira, 1080–1150 kg/m³), ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te ārai i te hanganga o ngā unahi. He mea nui tēnei, nā te mea ko te nui o te konupūmā whanariki (CaSO₄) te tino take o te whakakoi me te whakatakotoranga, ka ārai i ngā pūwero, ngā pane rehu, me ngā tango kohu. Ko te hua tika o tēnei whakakoi ko te wā kore mahi o te tipu mō te horoi me te tango i ngā unahi, he mea utu nui, he mea whakararuraru hoki.
Ko te kaha ki te aroturuki me te whakahaere i te mātotoru o te paru he parepare nui hoki ki te pakū me te waikura. Mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga mātotoru hei whakahaere i te tere o te rere o te paru, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakaiti i te pakaru ā-pūkaha o ngā papu me ngā takirere. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakahaere i te mātotoru ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te kukū o ngā matū kino pēnei i te hauota. Ka taea e ngā taumata hauota teitei te tere ake i te waikura o ngā wāhanga whakarewa, me te hiahia kia nui te utu mō te rere horoi hei tango atu. Mā te whakamahi i te mita mātotoru hei aroturuki i ēnei taumata, ka taea e te tipu te arotau i te tukanga horoi, ā, ka whakaitihia te para wai me te ārai i te pakaru wawe o ngā taputapu. Ehara tēnei i te mea he take noa iho mō te pumau o te mahi; he haumi rautaki ki te roa o te oranga o ngā rawa whakapaipai o te tipu, ka whakaiti tika i te utu katoa o te mana whakahaere.
Te Uara Ōhanga me te Uara Rautaki
Ko te uara ōhanga o tētahi pūnaha ine kiato ipurangi tika e horapa atu ana i tua atu i tōna pānga whakahaere tonu. Ko te whakapaunga whakapaipai tuatahi mō tētahi pūoko mahi-teitei he haumi rautaki e hua mai ai ngā hua tūturu. Mā te arotau i te horopeta matū, ka taea e tētahi tipu te whakaiti nui i tana whakamahinga o te kōhatu kōhatu, he utu whakahaere nui tēnei. Ko te whakaiti i tēnei utu me te whakarite i te tutuki i ngā paerewa tukunga i te wā kotahi he raruraru arotau whāinga-rua kua hangaia e ngā pūnaha whakahaere matatau hei whakaoti.
Hei tāpiri atu, mā te whakahaere tika i te matotoru ka whakarei ake i te uara o te hua taha WFGD. Ko te parakore o te gypsum, e pāngia tika ana e te kukū o te paru, ka whakatau i tōna kaha ki te hokohoko. Mā te whakahaere i te paru hei whakaputa i te gypsum parakore teitei, he ngāwari te tango wai, ka taea e te tipu te whakaputa moni tāpiri, ā, mā reira ka whakakore i ngā utu o tetukanga whakakorenga whanarikime te whai wāhi atu ki tētahi mahi pumau ake. Mā te kaha o ngā raraunga mātotoru wā-tūturu ki te ārai i ngā kati ohorere mai i te tauine me te waikura ka tiakina hoki te rerenga moni whiwhi o te tipu mā te whakarite kia pumau, kia kore e mutu te whakaputa. Ehara i te mea he whakapaunga noa te haumitanga tuatahi ki tētahi pūoko mātotoru kounga; he wāhanga matua o tētahi mahi whai hua, pono, me te aro nui ki te taiao.
Comparisiono ngā Hangarau Ine Matotoru Ipurangi
Ngā Mātāpono me ngā Wero Taketake
Ko te whiriwhiri i te hangarau ine kiato ipurangi e tika ana mō te pūnaha WFGD he whakatau hangarau nui e whakataurite ana i te utu, te tika, me te pakari o te mahi. Ko te āhua tino whakakoi, te waikura, me te hihiri o te paru, me te kaha ki te whakauru hau me te hanganga mirumiru, he wero nui mō te maha o ngā pūoko. He tino raruraru te noho mai o ngā mirumiru, nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakararuraru tika i te kaupapa ine o te pūoko, ka hua ake he pānui hē. Nō reira, me tika te hangarau pai engari me pakari hoki, ā, me hangaia kia tu atu i ngā āhuatanga kino o tete tukanga whakakorenga whanariki o te hau paru.
Te Ine i te Pēhanga Rerekētanga (DP)
Ko te tikanga pēhanga rerekētanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mātāpono wai-pūmau hei whakatau i te mātotoru wai. Ka ine i te rerekētanga pēhanga i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua i te tawhiti poutū e mōhiotia ana i roto i te wai. Ahakoa he hangarau pakari tēnei, ā, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, he iti noa iho tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā para WFGD. He tino ngāwari te aukati me te poke o ngā rārangi nekehanga e hono ana i te pūoko ki te wai tukanga. Hei tāpiri, ko te tikanga o te mātāpono he mātotoru wai pumau hei tatau i te taumata mai i te pēhanga, he whakaaro kāore e tika ana i roto i te para hihiri, maha-wāhanga. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana e ētahi whirihoranga matatau ngā tuku e rua hei whakaiti i ēnei take, kei te mau tonu te mōrearea o te aukati me ngā whakaritenga tiaki.
Te Ine i te Hihi-Kama (Irahiko)
Ko te mahi a ngā ine ine i te mātāpono kore-pā, ka tukuna e te pūtake irahiko (hei tauira, Cesium-137) ngā photon irahiko ka whakaitihia i a rātou e haere ana i roto i te wai tukanga. Ka ine te taputapu kite i te nui o te irahiko e haere ana i roto i te paipa, ā, he rite te ōrite o te mātāpono ki tēnei pānui. Ko te painga matua o tēnei hangarau ko tōna ātete katoa ki ngā āhuatanga whakakoi, waikura, me te werawera o te para, nā te mea kei waho te taputapu kite i te paipa. Kāore hoki e hiahiatia he paipa taha, he whakapā tika rānei ki te wai tukanga. Heoi, he nui te utu o te mana pupuri mō ngā ine irahiko irahiko nā te mea he tino kaha ngā ture haumaru, ngā whakaritenga raihana, me te hiahia mō ngā kaimahi motuhake mō te whakahaere me te whakakorenga. Nā ēnei āhuatanga kua ārahi te tini o ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu ki te rapu kaha i ngā huarahi kē atu kāore i te karihi.
Ine i te Marau Wiri/Resonator
Ka whakamahia e tēnei hangarau he marau whakarārangi, he pūorooro rānei e whakaohooho ana kia wiri i tōna auau pūorooro tūturu. Ina rumakina ki roto i te wai, i teparu, ka rerekē tēnei auau, ā, ka nui ake te mātotoru ka iti ake te auau wiri. Nā te hoahoa pakari, whakauru tika o te pūoko e pai ai mō te ine tonu, wā-tūturu i roto i ngā paipa, i ngā tāke rānei. Kāore he wāhanga neke, e māmā ake ai te tiaki. Heoi anō, ehara tēnei hangarau i te mea kāore he wero. He tairongo ki ngā mirumiru hau e mau ana, ka puta ai he hapa ine nui. He ngoikore hoki ki te paninga me te paru, nā te mea ka taea e ngā putunga ki runga i ngā titi te whakarerekē i te auau haruru me te whakararu i te tika. He mea nui te tāutanga tika me ngā titi poutū hei whakaiti i ēnei take.
Te Ine i te Coriolis
He taputapu maha-taurangi te mita rere papatipu Coriolis e taea ai te ine i te rere papatipu, te mātotoru, me te pāmahana i te wā kotahi me te tino tika. Ko te kaupapa matua e hangai ana ki te kaha Coriolis i puta i te wa e rere ana te wai i roto i te ngongo wiri. Ka whakatauhia te mātotoru o te wai mā te aroturuki i te auau oro o te wiri o te ngongo, ka heke iho i te wa e piki haere ana te mātotoru. Kua puta ake tēnei hangarau hei huarahi kē atu kāore i te karihi mō ngā tono uaua pēnei i te WFGD. E whakaatu ana tētahi rangahau take rongonui i te whakamahinga angitu o te mita Coriolis me te hoahoa ngongo tika kotahi me te ngongo pūoko titanium. Ka aro pai tēnei hoahoa motuhake ki ngā take pakū me te aukati e kitea ana i roto i ngā paru, i te mea ko te tino tika me te putanga maha-taurangi e whakarato ana i te mana whakahaere tukanga pai ake. Ko te nekehanga rautaki ki ngā hangarau kāore i te karihi pēnei i ngā mita Coriolis e tohu ana i tētahi nekehanga nui atu i te tauhokohoko hītori i waenga i te pono me te utu, e tuku ana i tētahi otinga kotahi e pakari ana, e tika ana, e haumaru ana hoki.
Ko te kōwhiringa o tētahi mita mātotoru mō tētahi tono WFGD me whai aromatawai whānui i ngā kaha me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia hangarau i runga anō i te horopaki o ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te paru.
Te Whakataurite i ngā Hangarau Ine Matotoru Ipurangi mō ngā Para WFGD
| Hangarau | Kaupapa Mahi | Ngā Painga Matua | Ngā Huakore me ngā Wero Matua | Te Whakamahinga me ngā Tuhipoka o te WFGD |
| Pēhanga Rerekētanga (DP) | Te rerekētanga pēhanga waipū i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e rua | Kua pakeke, he iti te utu tīmatanga, he māmā noa iho | He ngāwari ki te aukati, kāore he nekenekehanga, me whakaaro kiato tonu mō te taumata | Kāore i te pai mō ngā paru WFGD nā te mea ka āraia. Me nui te tiaki. |
| Hihi-Kama (Irahiko) | Kore-pā, e ine ana i te whakaiti i te irahiko | Ātete ki te waikura, te waikura, me te pH pāwera; kāore e hiahiatia he paipa taha | Te utu nui o te mana whakahaere, te kawenga nui o ngā ture me ngā ture haumaru | I whakamahia i mua nā te mea he ātete ki ngā āhuatanga kino. Ko te utu whakahaere nui kei te akiaki i te neke ki ngā huarahi kē atu. |
| Marau/Resonator Wiriwiri | He rite whakamuri te auau wiri ki te mātotoru | Wā-tūturu, whakaurunga tika, iti te tiaki | Ngāwari ki ngā hapa mai i te hau/mirumiru e piri ana; ngāwari ki te poke me te paninga | Whakamahia mō te ine i te mātotoru o te paru raima me te paru gypsum. He mea nui te tāutanga tika hei ārai i te aukati me te horo. |
| Kōriori | Ine i te kaha Coriolis i runga i te ngongo wiri | Ngā taurangi maha (papatipu, kiato, pāmahana), tino tika | He nui ake te utu tīmatanga i ērā atu mita raina-roto; me whai hoahoa motuhake mō ngā mea whakakoi | He tino whai hua ina whakamahia he hoahoa ngongo-tika me ngā rauemi ātete-paowa pēnei i te titanium. He huarahi kē atu kāore i te karihi. |
| Ngā Hangarau Hou | Ine whakatere, Ine matawai Ultrasonic | Kore-karihi, he ātete nui ki te pakaru, he iti te tiaki | Kāore i te whānui te whakamahinga ahumahi; he herenga tono motuhake | Te whakaatu i tētahi huarahi kē atu whai hua, utu-pai, me te haumaru hoki mō ngā tono paru tino uaua. |
Ngā Otinga Hangarau mō tētahi Taiao Whawhai
Te Kōwhiringa Rauemi hei Raina Tuatahi o te Parenga
Ngā āhuatanga mahi kino i roto i teWFGDe hiahia ana te pūnaha ki tētahi urupare hangarau matatau. Ehara i te mea he mea whakakoi noa te paru engari he tino waikura hoki, inā koa he nui ngā taumata pūhaumāota. Nō reira, ko te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi mō ngā papu, ngā takirere, me ngā paipa te rārangi parepare tuatahi me te mea tino nui. Mō te whakahaere i te tukuruatanga paru nui, ko ngā papu he mea whakakikorua ki te konganuku mārō, ki te rapa rānei te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu, nā te mea ka taea e tō rātou hanganga pakari te tu atu i te kakahu tonu mai i ngā totoka whakatārewatia. Ko ngā takirere, inā koa ko ngā takirere kuaha maripi nui, me tohu ki ngā rauemi kua whakapai ake, pērā i ngā raina urethane ka taea te whakakapi me ngā hoahoa waru pakari, hei ārai i te hanga pāpāho me te whakarite i te roa o te ora. Mō ngā raina iti ake, ko ngā takirere diaphragm me ngā raina rapa matotoru ka tuku i tētahi otinga pono me te ōhanga. Haunga ēnei wāhanga, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā oko mimiti he koranu motuhake, he arai ātete-waikura rānei hei whakahaere i te taiao pukuriri, he nui te pūhaumāota.
Te Tiakitanga Pūoko me te Hoahoa Tāutanga Tino Pai
Ko te whai huatanga o tētahi pūoko kiato ipurangi e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna kaha ki te ora me te mahi i roto i te taiao WFGD kino. Nō reira, he mea nui te hoahoa me te tāutanga o ngā pūoko. Ka whakamahia e ngā pūoko hou ngā āhuatanga matatau hei ārai i te tauine me te pakū. Hei tauira, ko te hoahoa ngongo tika kotahi o ētahi mita Coriolis ka ārai i te aukati mā te mimiti i a ia anō me te karo i te ngaronga o te pēhanga. He maha ngā wā ka hangaia ngā ngongo pūoko mai i ngā rauemi tino pakari pērā i te titanium hei ātete i te kakahu. Ko ētahi hangarau hou, pērā i ētahi pūoko wiri, ka whakauru i ngā "whakahāngai horoi-ake" e whakamahi ana i ngā wiri hei ārai i te whakatakotoranga paru ki runga i te tirotiro, kia tika ai ngā pānui tonu me te kore e hiahiatia he horoi ā-ringa.
He mea nui anō hoki te tāutanga tika. Mō ngā paipa nui ake te diameter (hei tauira, 3-inihi, neke atu rānei), me tāuta he T-Piece hei whakarite i tētahi tauira e tika ana. Me tāuta te pūoko ki tētahi koki e taea ai e ia te mimiti i a ia anō. Hei tāpiri, ko te pupuri i te tere rere pai rawa atu—kia teitei hei pupuri i ngā mea totoka i roto i te whakatārewatanga (hei tauira, 3 m/s) engari kaua e tino teitei rawa kia nui rawa te horo (hei tauira, neke atu i te 5 m/s)—he mea nui mō te pono mō te wā roa me te ine tika.
Te Whakaiti i te Whakararuraru Ine
Haunga te kakahu ā-mīhini, ka taea te whakararu i ngā inenga mātotoru e ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana pēnei i te whakaurunga hau. Ka taea e ngā mirumiru mai i te hau waikura, e whakaurua tonutia ana ki roto i te pūnaha, te whakauru ki roto i te paru, ā, ka arahi ki ngā pānui hē. He āwangawanga nui tēnei mō ngā pūoko wiri, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te papatipu o te wai hei whakatau i te mātotoru. Ko tētahi otinga hangarau māmā engari whai hua ko te whakarite kia poutū te aronga o ngā titi o te pūoko, kia taea ai e te hau kua whakaurua te piki me te puta, kia whakaitihia ai tōna pānga ki te ine. Ahakoa he hua tika o te ahupūngao, e whakaatu ana tēnei whakatikatika māmā i te hiranga o te tāutanga tika hei whakarite i te pono o ngā taputapu tino pakari.
Whakaurunga Matatau me te Whakahaere Tukanga
Te Hanga i te Porowhita Whakahaere
Ka kitea te uara tūturu o te ine i te mātotoru wai ipurangi ina whakauruhia ōna raraunga ki roto i te hoahoa whakahaere o te tipu. Ka whakaputahia e ngā mita mātotoru ngā tohu putanga paerewa, pērā i te putanga anaro 4-20 mA, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero RS485 MODBUS rānei, ka taea te whakauru pai ki roto i te Pūnaha Whakahaere Tohatoha (DCS) o te tipu, i te Kaiwhakahaere Arorau Ka taea te Whakahōtaka (PLC) rānei. I roto i te porowhita whakahaere tino taketake, ka whakamahia te tohu mātotoru hei whakahaere aunoa i te kukū totoka o te paru. Ka tātarihia e te DCS ngā raraunga mātotoru wā-tūturu, ā, ka whakatikatika i te tere o te papu taraiwa auau-rerekē, te tūranga rānei o te takirere whakahaere hei pupuri i te ōwehenga totoka e hiahiatia ana. Mā tēnei ka tangohia te hiahia mō te wawaotanga ā-ringa, ā, ka whakarite i tētahi tukanga pumau, pumau.
Te Huarahi Taurangi Maha
Ahakoa he pai te whakamahi i tētahi porowhita whakahaere mātotoru motuhake, ka whakanuia tōna kaha ina uru atu ki tētahi pūnaha whakahaere whānui, maha-taurangi. I roto i tētahi pūnaha whakauru pēnei, ka honoa ngā raraunga mātotoru ki ētahi atu tawhā nui, ā, ka whakamahia hei tāpiri atu ki ētahi atu tawhā nui hei whakarato i tētahi tirohanga whānui ake mō te tukanga tango-pūkawa. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā ine mātotoru me ngā pūoko pH. Ko te hekenga ohorere o te pH he tohu pea kei te hiahiatia he nui ake te kōhatu, engari ko te hekenga ōrite o te mātotoru e tohu ana i tētahi raruraru whānui ake ki te whāngai kōhatu, i tētahi take whakamaroke wai rānei e hiahia ana ki tētahi mahi whakatikatika rerekē. I tētahi atu taha, ko te pikinga o te mātotoru me te kore he hekenga rite o te pH ka tohu pea i tētahi raruraru ki te waikura o te kai mimiti, ki te tipu rānei o te karaihe gypsum, i mua noa atu i te pānga o te whai huatanga o te tango SO₂.
Hei tāpiritanga, mā te whakauru i te mātotoru ki te ine rere ka taea te tatau i te rere papatipu, e whakarato ana i te pikitia tika ake o te taurite rauemi me te tere whāngai i te rere rōrahi anake. Ko te taumata whakauru teitei rawa e hono ana i ngā raraunga mātotoru me te rere ki ngā tawhā o runga me raro, pērā i te tomokanga.SO₂te kukū me te Pūmanawa Whakaiti-Waikura (ORP), e āhei ai te rautaki whakahaere tino arotau e pupuri ana i te taumata tiketikeSO₂te whai huatanga o te tango me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te matū me te whakapaunga pūngao.
Arotautanga Raraunga me te Tiaki Matapae
Te heke mai oWFGDKei te neke haere te mana whakahaere tukanga ki tua atu i ngā takahuri tauhohe tuku iho. Ko te rere tonu o ngā raraunga kounga teitei mai i ngā mita kiato ipurangi me ētahi atu pūoko e whakarato ana i te turanga mō ngā anga e whakahaerehia ana e ngā raraunga e whakamahi ana i te ako mīhini me te mātauranga horihori. Ka taea e ēnei tauira matatau te tango i te nui o ngā raraunga hītori me te wā-tūturu hei tautuhi i ngā tawhā whakahaere pai rawa atu i raro i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga, pērā i te piki me te heke o ngā tuku waro, ngā kawenga wae rerekē rānei.
Ko tēnei huarahi matatau e tohu ana i tētahi panonitanga matua i roto i te rapunga whakaaro whakahaere. Engari i te urupare noa ki ngā whakaoho e tohu ana kei waho te tawhā i tana awhe kua whakaritea, ka taea e ēnei pūnaha te matapae i te tīmatanga o tētahi raruraru me te whakarerekē i ngā tawhā kia kore ai e puta. Ko te whāinga matua o ēnei tauira he arotau mō ngā whāinga maha, i ētahi wā he taupatupatu, i te wā kotahi, pērā i te whakaiti i tetukanga whakakorenga whanarikite utu me te whakaiti i teSO₂ngā tukunga. Mā te tātari tonu i te "tohu matimati" o ngā raraunga whakahaere a te tipu, tae atu ki te kiato, ka taea e ēnei pūnaha te whakatutuki i te taumata teitei o te pumau me te whai huatanga ōhanga.
E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga me ngā tātari i roto i tēnei pūrongo ehara te ine tika i te mātotoru wai ipurangi i te mea whiriwhiri engari he taputapu nui hei whakatutuki i te hiranga o te mahi i roto i ngā pūnaha whakakorenga hau paru mākū.
