I. Te Hiranga o te Matatini i roto i te Wehenga Warowaihā
Te whakatikatika i te hinu mata mata—he tukanga e kapi ana ite tukanga whakamaroke me te tango tote i te hinu mata(D/D/D)—ko tētahi o ngā mahi tino nui, tino utu nui hoki i roto i te hanga me te whakamahine hauwai. He tino uaua ēnei tukanga, nā te mea ki te kore e wehewehe pai i te wai me te tote ka whakararu tika i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka whakararu i ngā mahi whakamahine o raro mā te tere o te waikura me te whakakorenga o ngā whakakorikori.
E mōhiotia ana te matotoru hei tohu tino nui, ā-wā tūturu mō te tere o te wehenga me tewhakapūkarapumau. He ārai ā-tinana te mahi a te wairewa matotoru-teitei, e aukati ana i te taunga ā-papa me te whakakotahitanga o ngā pata wai kua marara.
Heoi, ko te taiao whakahaere o te D/D/D—e tohuhia ana e ngā pēhanga tino nui, ngā pāmahana teitei, te waikura, me te noho mai o ngā wai matatini, ehara i te Newtonian, he maha ngā wāhanga—ka kore e pono ngā tikanga ine matotoru tuku iho, ā, ka ngāwari ki te rahunga. Ko ngā hangarau tuku iho, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā wāhanga neke, ki ngā ngongo capillary whaiti rānei, ka tere te hinga ki te poke, ki te kakahu, me te pakaru miihini.
Kaiwhakakore hinu mata
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E hiahia ana te mākete ki tētahi panonitanga tauira ki ngā taputapu pakari e āhei ana ki te ine tonu, me te pono-teitei. Mā te Lonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer tēnei pono e tika ana. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi hanganga mīhini pakari, māmā, kāore he wāhanga neke, he hiri, he whāriki rānei, ka tukuna e tēnei hangarau te tika me te pakari tino pai i roto i ngā āhuatanga kino. Mā te whakauru i tēnei porowhita urupare matotoru wā-tūturu ki roto i te Pūnaha Whakahaere Tohatoha (DCS), ka whiwhi ngā kaiwhakahaere i te kaha ki te arotau hihiri i te horopeta demulsifier me ngā kōtaha whakamahana. Ka puta mai i tēnei āheinga he hokinga nui, ka taea te ine i runga i te haumi mā te karo i ngā utu matū nui, te penapena pūngao, te whakatutuki i te kounga hua kua whakarei ake, me te whakapiki ake i te pai o te mahi.
II. Ngā Whakarewa Hinu Mata: Te Hanga, te Pūmautanga, me ngā Whāinga Tukanga
2.1. Te Matū me te Ahupūngao o te Pūmautanga o te Whakarewa Hinu Mata
Ko te whakaputanga o te hinu mata ka hua ake i te hanganga o ngā emulsions pumau, ko te nuinga o te wā ko tewai i roto i te hinu, me te hinu i roto i te waimomo, e marara pai ana ngā pata wai puta noa i te wāhanga hinu tonu. Ko te pumau o ēnei whakamomona he mahi na te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, me wikitoria ēnei kia angitu ai te whakatikatika.
Ko te pumau mō te wā roa o ēnei whakamomona e ahu mai ana i ngā matū hohe-mata tūturu kei roto i te hinu mata. Kei roto i ēnei whakamomona taketake ngā ngota polar matatini pērā i te asphaltene, ngā kapia, ngā waikawa naphthenic, me ngā matūriki totoka kua wehea pai i ahu mai i ngā mahi whakaputa, pērā i te uku,paru keringā toenga, me ngā hua waikura. He mahi nui tā ēnei matū: ka tere te mimiti ki te hononga matua o te hinu-wai, ka whakarite hei kiriata pakari, tiaki. Ka āraihia e tēnei kiriata ngā pata wai kua marara mai i te taunekeneke me te kohikohi, ka whakaiti i te Taumahatanga Atanga (IFT) me te whakau i te pūnaha.
Ko ngā wero ā-tinana me ā-matū e pā ana ki te matū mata ka whakaurua, ā, ka kitea tika i roto i ngā āhuatanga rheological o te wai. Ko te matotoru nui o te hinu mata he mea whakarei tika mō te pumau o te emulsion. Ko te matotoru he arai ā-tinana taketake ki te nekehanga wehenga.
2.2. Ngā Whāinga o te Whakakorenga, te Whakamaroke, me te Tango Tote (D/D/D)
Ko te whāinga o te raupapa tukanga D/D/D whakauru he whakarite i te awa hinu mata mō te kawe me te whakamahine i muri mai, me te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa haumaru me te kounga tino pakari.
2.2.1. Te Whakakorenga me te Whakamaroketanga
Ko te whakakorenga o te hinu mata e uru ana ki te whakamahinga o ngā matū motuhake hei whakakore i te kiriata ā-kanohi e whakau ana. Ka mimiti ēnei ngota whakakorenga i te ā-kanohi, ka nekehia ngā emulsifier taketake, ka whakaitihia te taumahatanga ā-kanohi, ā, ka ngoikore te kaha ā-pūkaha o te kiriuhi tiaki. Kia oti tēnei mahi matū, ka haere tonu te tukanga kite maroke o te hinu mata(wehenga wāhanga).
Ko te whāinga matua ote tukanga whakamaroke hinu mataKo te whāinga matua ko te whakatutuki i te wehenga wāhanga katoa, me te whakarite kia tutuki i te hinu mata te hua o ngā whakaritenga pakari mō te Parapara me te Wai Taketake (BS&W). Ko te tikanga, ko ngā whakaritenga kawe paipa e kī ana me iti iho i te 0.5% ki te 1.0% te BS&W o te hinu mata kua rongoatia. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau me eke ngā hanganga demulsifier tino pai ki te whai huatanga wehenga teitei, me ngā hanganga whai hua e whakaatu ana i ngā reiti wehenga o te 88%, neke atu rānei i te wā whakamātautau. Hei tāpiri, me whakaputa e te tukanga he wai para me te iti o te ihirangi hinu (hei tauira, i raro i te 10 ki te 20 mg/L) hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tukunga taiao, weronga anō rānei.
2.2.2. Te tango tote
He mahi horoi wai nui te tango tote hei whakaiti i te nui o te tote o te hinu mata, e inehia ana i roto i ngā Pauna mō ia Mano Paera (PTB). Ko tēnei tukanga, e mahia ana i te mara whakaputa, i te wāhi hanga hinu rānei, e uru ana kiwhakaranute hinu mata kua werahia me te wai horoi me ngā matū wawahi-whakarewa. Kātahi ka tukuna te ranunga ki tētahi mara hiko-pūmau ngaohiko-tiketike i roto i tētahi tāke whakatau-kaha hei whakahaere i te pakaru o ngā toengate hinu i roto i te wai me te wai i roto i te hinu emulsionme te tango atu i te wāhanga tote.
Kāore e taea te whakahē i te hiahia kia tino tangohia te tote. Ki te kore e tangohia ngā tote me ngā konganuku taumaha, ka waikura ina whakamahanatia i ngā wāhanga whakamahine i muri mai, ka puta he waikawa waikura (pērā i te hauwai pūhaumāota). Ka hua ake i tēnei waikawa te waikura nui o ngā taputapu tukatuka o raro, tae atu ki ngā whakawhiti wera me ngā pou whakatō, ā, ka taea te whakararu i te paihana whakakorikori. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakatutuki i te pai o te wehenga tote tata ki te 99% ki te pono o te mahi me te oranga ōhanga. He mea nui te whakahaere pāmahana i roto i te tango tote, nā te mea ka tutuki te pāmahana tango mā te whakamahana i te ranunga mata, te ranunga hau/kohu rānei, ka tere ake te wehenga o te wai me ngā poke.
III. Te Tūranga Hiranga o te Ine i te Matatini Wā-Tūturu
3.1. Te Matatini hei Tawhā Whakahaere Tukanga Wā-Tūturu
Ehara te matotoru i te āhuatanga whakaahua noa iho; engari ko te tawhā hihiri matua e whakatau ana i te tere o te wehenga. Ko ia mehua whakahaere e whakatinanahia ana i roto i te tukanga D/D/D—ahakoa he werohanga matū, he whakaurunga wera, he whakaranu miihini rānei—ko te whāinga matua he wikitoria, he whakaiti rānei i te arai matotoru hei tere ake i te whakakotahitanga o ngā pata.
Ko te aroturuki i te matotoru te tikanga urupare hihiri nui mō te aromatawai i te mahi a te demulsifier. Ko te pakaru matū angitu o te emulsion kua whakapumautia me whakaputa he hekenga ine me te tere o te matotoru o te wai papatipu. Ka taea te ine i tēnei huringa rheological i roto i tētahi pūnaha porowhita kati, e āhei ai te aromatawai tonu i te whai huatanga o te kaihoko matū. He mea nui tēnei porowhita urupare wā-tūturu nā te mea ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te neke atu i te whakamātautau taiwhanga tūmau, ā-wā, e ngāwari ana ki ngā hapa nā te koroheketanga o te tauira hinu mata me te ngaronga o ngā wāhanga māmā.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he hononga ā-roto tō te matotoru ki te arotautanga o te pūngao. Ko te pāmahana mahi tino pai o te tango para e whakawhirinaki ana ki te matotoru me te mātotoru o te hinu mata, tae atu ki te wairewatanga o te wai i roto i te hinu mata. Ko te hinu mata taumaha, matotoru rānei, me nui ake ngā pāmahana hei whakaiti i te matotoru kia pai ai te nekehanga o te pata wai me te taunga ā-pūngao. Mā ngā raraunga matotoru tonu ka taea e ngā kaihangarau tukanga te whakatū me te pupuri i te pāmahana iti rawa e hiahiatia ana mō te wehenga whai hua, hei ārai i te wera nui rawa me te wehenga kore e ranea nā ngā pāmahana tino iti.
Mā tēnei whanaungatanga ka tū te matotoru ki te hononga o te mana whakahaere. E whā ngā āhuatanga matua e ārahihia ana te mahi a te tango i te wai para: te kounga o te wai, ngā tawhā whakahaere (P/T), te horopeta matū, me ngā āhuatanga ā-ringa. Ko ngā āhuatanga whakahaere me ngā āhuatanga matū ngā pūmau whakahaere matua. Ka hono tika te matotoru i ēnei pūmau. Hei tauira, ki te kitea e te pūnaha aroturuki tonu te pikinga o te matotoru, ka taea e te DCS whakauru te aromatawai hihiri i te āhuatanga me te whiriwhiri i te ara tino whai hua ki te wehenga—he pikinga iti noa iho o te pūngao wera (mō ngā wero kiato, wairewa rānei) he pikinga whai take rānei o te kukū tango i ngā matū para (mō ngā wero pumau matū). Mā tēnei kaha mō te wawaotanga hihiri ka nekehia te mana whakahaere mai i ngā whakatikatika matatika, tauhohe ki te arotau tika, matatau.
3.2. Ngā Huanga o te Ine i te Matatini Hē, te Whakaroa rānei
Ko te kore o ngā raraunga matotoru tika, tonu hoki, ka puta he mōrearea whakahaere nui, ā, ka whakamana i te koretake o te ōhanga.
Te Horopeta Matū Nui rawa me te Pikinga OPEX
Mena ka whakawhirinaki te ine matotoru ki ngā tauira taiwhanga wā-poto, ki te kore rānei e tika ngā raraunga e tukuna ana e te taputapu, kāore e taea te whakapai ake i te horopeta o te tango matū ina whakaritea ki te wero pumau o te awa mata e haere mai ana. Nō reira, ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakahaere te werohanga matū ki te nui atu i te iti rawa e hiahiatia ana hei whakarite i te wehenga. I te mea ko te whakatutukitanga o te wehenga tino pai me whai i te horopeta whakatakotoranga i waenga i te 50 ki te 100 ppm, ko te werohanga nui o ngā tango matū motuhake, utu nui ka hua ake he pikinga nui o ngā Whakapaunga Whakahaere (OPEX).
Te Korekore o te Pūngao
Ki te kore he urupare matotoru tika, ā-wā tonu, me whakatakoto āta te whakamahana tukanga ki tētahi wāhi e kī taurangi ana ka whakaiti i te matotoru o te hinu mata kino rawa atu e matapaetia ana. Mā te whakawhirinaki ki ngā tautuhinga pumau, teitei, ngā raraunga whakaroa rānei ka hua ake te whakamahana tonu i te hinu mata ki tua atu i te iti rawa e hiahiatia ana. Ka hua ake tēnei he nui, he tonu hoki te maumauria o te pūngao wera, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā utu taurangi nui rawa atu ka taea te whakahaere i roto i te tukanga D/D/D.
Te Raru o te Kounga Hua me te Kino o te Ara o raro
Ko ngā inenga hē ka puta he hua koretake o te mahi wehewehe. Mēnā kāore i te tino tika te otinga o te hinu whakapūkara, ka kore te hinu mata kua tukatukahia e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga BS&W, PTB rānei e hiahiatia ana. Ehara i te mea ka pāngia noa te hinu mata kāore i te tino motuhake e ngā whiu arumoni, engari, he mea nui ake, ka tūpono te mahi whakangawari katoa o raro. Ka tere ake te waikura nā te waihanga waikawa e te poke tote e kore e rongoatia, ā, ka arahi ki te purua me te poke o ngā mata whakawhiti wera nui me ngā pourewa tukatuka. Nō reira, ko te korenga e aroturuki me te whakahaere i te matotoru ka whai wāhi ā-korekore ki te tiaki utu nui, ki te kati kore i whakamaheretia, me te whakakapinga taputapu whakapaipai pea.
Te koretake o te mahi
He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia e ngā whakamomona hinu mata he whanonga uaua ehara i te Newtonian, ka rerekē te matotoru o te hinu i runga i te tere kutikuti e whakamahia ana. Mā ngā inenga hē ka uaua te whakatauira me te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga rere maha-wāhanga, ka puta pea he rerekētanga rere pērā i ngā āhuatanga uaua o te ngaru, ngā pupuri pumau, me ngā tohatoha wāhanga kore taurite. Hei tāpiri, ko te koretake o te whakakorenga ka hiahia pea kia roa ake te wā pupuri i roto i te oko taunga, ka taea ai te arahi ki te whakamomona anō, ka whakaiti ake i te pai o te mahi me te whakanui ake i ngā mōrearea.
Ako atu mō ētahi atu mita mātotoru
Ētahi atu Mita Tukanga Ipurangi
IV. Ngā Wero o te Ine i te Matao i roto i te Whakamahere Hinu Mata
4.1. Ko te Taiao Tukanga Whakahē e Whakahau ana i te Pakari
Me kaha te mita viscometer ā-roto i tīpakohia mō ngā tono D/D/D ki te tū atu ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere e nui atu ana i ngā rohe hoahoa o ngā taputapu taiwhanga paerewa, ahumahi rānei.
Ngā Āhuatanga Pēhanga me te Pāmahana Tino Nui
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te tukanga D/D/D ki ngā pēhanga whakahaere teitei me ngā pāmahana teitei. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakakore hinu te hinu mata kua wera, ā, ko ngā inenga motuhake pēnei i te Reservoir Fluid Analysis (RFA) me whai pūoko ka taea te mahi puta noa i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te puna wai puta noa i te ao. Me pakari te taputapu motuhake, me te ātete pāmahana me eke ki te 450 ℃ me ngā whakatauranga pēhanga ka taea te whakahaere i ngā pēhanga whakahaere paerewa (hei tauira, tae atu ki te 6.4 MPa) me ngā otinga kua hangaia kia rite ki te hiahia mō ngā ratonga tino nui atu i te 10 MPa.
Te Waikura, te Para, me te Tauine
He tino kaha te wai e tukatukahia ana. Kei roto i te hinu mata mata ngā wai tote, ngā wāhanga waikawa (pēnei i ngā waikawa naphthenic), me ētahi wā ko te hauwai whanariki (H2S), ka hanga he taiao waikura e tere ai te pirau o ngā rauemi paerewa. Hei tāpiri, ko te noho mai o ngā totoka pakaru pai (uku, onepu, uku) me ngā tote ka arahi ki te paru tonu me te tauine i runga i ngā mata o te pūoko. Me hanga ngā taputapu mai i ngā rauemi tino pakari, pēnei i te 316 Stainless Steel, me ngā kōwhiringa whakaritenga mā te whakamahi i ngā paninga motuhake ātete-waikura, ngā rauemi rānei (hei tauira, ngā paninga Teflon) kia roa ai te wā e pā ana ki te wāhanga waikura.
Te Uauatanga Maha-wāhanga me te Kore-Newtonian
Kāore i te tino ōrite ngā awa hinu mata i te wāhanga whakatikatika. He ranunga matatini, maha-wāhanga kei roto he hau/mirumiru kua piri, he pata wai kua marara, me ngā totoka kua whakatārewatia. Ka nui ake te uaua o tēnei uauatanga nā te rheology kore-Newtonian e rite ana ki ngā emulsions mata taumaha, ngā emulsions uku-teitei rānei. Ko te ine i te matotoru o te wai e whakawhirinaki ana te whanonga rere ki te tere kutikuti inamata, ā, kei roto he maha ngā wāhanga me ngā matūriki kua whakatārewatia, he wero nui ki tētahi hangarau pūoko.
4.2. Ngā Herenga Taketake o te Ine Matawai Tikanga
Ko ngā herenga o ngā tikanga ine matotoru tuku iho e whakaatu ana i te kore e tika mō te whakahaere tukatuka hinu mata tonu, ā-raina.
Ngā Ine Matapōkere Hurihuri
Ko ngā mita hurihuri e whakawhirinaki ana ki te ine i te taipana e hiahiatia ana hei hurihuri i te porowhita i roto i te wai. Ko tēnei mātāpono e hiahia ana ki tētahi hoahoa uaua ā-mīhini e whakauru ana i ngā wāhanga neke, ngā hiri, me ngā peera. I roto i te taiao D/D/D, he tino ngāwari ēnei wāhanga ki te pakaru: ka tere te pakaru me te pakaru o te hiri nā ngā totoka whakakoi me ngā wai tote waikura, ka nui ake ngā utu tiaki me te mahi wā poto. Hei tāpiri, he iti noa ngā taputapu hurihuri i roto i ngā awhe matotoru tino teitei, kāore e taea te whakahaere tika i ngā matūriki nui, ā, he tino tairongo ki ngā huringa pāmahana, ka ngāwari ai te whiwhi hua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaiwhakahaere, kaua ki te urupare tonu pono.
Ngā Tikanga Āpiti me Ētahi Atu Tikanga Tuku Iho
Ko ngā tikanga pēnei i te ine i te uaua o te toto, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te ine i te tere rere mā roto i tētahi ngongo here. Ahakoa he tika i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga, kāore e whai hua mō ngā ratonga ahumahi. He uaua ki te whakarato hua tika mō ngā wai ehara i te Newtonian, ā, he tino ngāwari ki te aukati i ngā matūriki iri me ngā putunga totoka kei roto i ngā awa hinu mata. Me nui te tiaki mō tēnei ngoikoretanga, ka hua ake he maha ngā aukati mahi, ā, ka ārai i te whakamahinga mō te whakahaere tonu, te wā mahi roa i roto i te awa tukanga.
Ko te huihuinga o ngā momo rahunga mō ngā mita tirohanga tuku iho—te ngoikore o te miihini (ngā hiri, ngā peera) me te aro ki ngā āhuatanga rere paru, waikura (te aukati, te pakū)—e whakatū ana i tētahi whakaritenga hangarau mārama. Ko te ine hinu mata inline angitu e hiahiatia ana he hangarau pūoko e whakakore katoa ana i ngā wāhanga neke me ngā ara rere aukati, e neke ana i te taumahatanga o te ine mai i ngā tikanga miihini ngoikore ki ngā mātāpono ahupūngao pakari.
V. Te Ine Matao Wiri ā-Rārangi Lonnmeter: He Otinga Pakari
5.1. Hoahoa Ahurei me te Mātāpono Mahi
Kua hangaia te mita wiri ā-roto Lonnmeter hei aro atu ki ngā āputa nui i mahue mai i ngā hangarau tuku iho i roto i ngā taiao wai kino.
Te Kaupapa Whakahaere
Ko te mahi a te viscometer i runga i te kaupapa o te whakaiti i te wiri tuaka. Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha he huānga pūoko totoka, he maha ngā wā he kōniko, ka akiakihia kia wiri tonu i te auau tika i tōna ahunga tuaka. I te rere o te hinu mata i runga, ā, ka kutikutia e tēnei huānga wiri, ka mimiti te wai i te pūngao nā te tōia matotoru—he pānga whakaiti. Ko te pūngao ngaro e puta mai ana i tēnei mahi kutikuti ka inehia e te ara iahiko hiko, ā, ka honoa tika, ka hurihia hei pānui matotoru hihiri, e inehia ana i roto i te centipoise (cP). Ko tēnei tikanga te tikanga e ine ana i te mana e tika ana hei pupuri i te kaha wiri pumau.
Hanganga Mīhini Māmā
He painga hangarau nui o teIne roa ine ā-rotoko tōna māmā noa iho. Ka tutuki te kutikuti wai mā te wiri anake, e āhei ai te hanganga mīhini tino māmā—he hanganga kāore he wāhanga neke, he hiri, he whāriki rānei. He mea tino nui tēnei hanganga: mā te tango i ngā wāhanga e tino pāngia ana e te kakahu, te waikura, me te pakaru i roto i ngā taiao pēhanga teitei, te taiao whakakoi, ka whakarite te Lonnmeter i te roa o te mau me te iti o ngā whakaritenga tiaki, ka hinga tika i ngā herenga matua o ngā taputapu hurihuri. Ko te whirihoranga paerewa e whakamahi ana i te maitai kowiri tira 316 pakari, me te whakaritenga e wātea ana mō ngā pāpāho kaha, tae atu ki te whakamahinga o ngā paninga Teflon, ngā koranu ārai-waikura motuhake rānei.
5.2. Ngā Tawhā e Aro Ana ki ngā Wero Tukanga Motuhake
Ngā whakaritenga hangarau o te Lonnmeterine wiri ā-rotowhakaatu i tōna ōritetanga mō ngā tono tino nui o te tukanga D/D/D:
Ngā Whakatakotoranga Pakari o te Mita Matao Lonnmeter
| Tawhā | Whakatakotoranga | Te Hiranga ki ngā Wero o te Whakahekenga/Whakahekenga Hinu Mata |
| Awhe Matatini | 1 – 1,000,000 cP | He kapinga whānui mō ngā momo hinu mata rerekē, tae atu ki te hinu taumaha, te uku, me ngā whakaehunga matotoru. |
| Te Tika / Te Whakahokinga | ±2% ~ 5% | He mea nui te tika o te mahi mō te tātai tika i te whakamahinga o te matū demulsifier me ngā tautuhinga arotau pūngao. |
| Ātete Pāmahana Mōrahi | < 450℃ | Ka whakarite i te mahi pono puta noa i ngā mahi whakamahana-mua me te tango-hinu i te pāmahana teitei. |
| Whakatauranga Pēhanga Mōrahi | < 6.4 MPa (Ka taea te whakarite >10 MPa) | Ka whakahaere i ngā pēhanga tukanga paerewa, me te hangarau ritenga mō ngā tono pēhanga teitei rawa atu. |
| Ngā Rauemi | 316 Kowiri tira (Paerewa) | He ātete teitei te hanganga paerewa ki te waikura whānui; he pai te aro o ngā rauemi kua whakaritea ki te tote me te H motuhake2Ngā wero a S. |
| Taumata Tiaki | IP65, ExdIIBT4 | E tutuki ana i ngā paerewa pakari mō te ātete pahūtanga me te taiao mō ngā taiao ahumahi morearea. |
5.3. Ngā Painga Hangarau me te Whakahaere
Mahi Tino Pai i roto i ngā Rere Matatini
Mā te mātāpono wiri ka puta he painga ā-roto mō te whakahaere i te āhua uaua, maha-wāhanga o ngā hinu mata. Mā te wiri auau-teitei tonu ka puta he pānga horoi-ā-koe i runga i te mata o te pūoko, ka ārai kaha i te kohikohinga o te paru, te tauine, me ngā putunga ware pi. Kāore i rite ki ngā hangarau vortex, hurihuri rānei, he iti ake te ngāwari o te pūoko Lonnmeter ki te hapa ine i puta mai i ngā mirumiru hau kua mau, i ngā matūriki totoka kua iri rānei (rere maha-wāhanga). Mā tēnei ātete ki te paru me te kohikohinga totoka ka mau tonu te ine i ngā wāhi ka rahua ngā taputapu tuku iho, ka hiahiatia rānei he ratonga tonu.
Ko te korenga o ngā hiri me ngā whāriki he painga whakataetae nui. Nā te mea ko te taiao D/D/D e tautuhia ana e ōna wai tote waikura me te kaha nui mō te poke o ngā mea totoka, ko te tango i ngā wāhanga miihini tino ngoikore ka tango i te pūtake nui o te wā kore mahi me te tiaki utu nui e pā ana ki te rahunga o te taputapu i roto i te ratonga hinu mata. Mā tēnei whakatau hangarau taketake ka whakamanahia te wā mahi mōrahi mō te porowhita urupare matotoru nui.
Te Ine Tika Kore-Newtonian
Ka whakahaerehia te pūnaha Lonnmeter mā te tuku i ngā tere kutikuti teitei ki runga i te wai mā te wiri. Mō ngā hinu mata uaua, ehara i te Newtonian e kitea ana i roto i te D/D/D, ina whakawhirinaki te matotoru ki te tere kutikuti, he mea nui tēnei ine kutikuti teitei. Ka hopu tika i te "huringa matotoru tūturu" e pā ana ki ngā hihiri rere-teitei tuturu o te raina tukanga, ka ārai i ngā taonga rheological ka puta me ngā taputapu kutikuti iti, pērā i ētahi viscometer hurihuri, ka taea te whakarerekē i te matotoru whai hua o te wai i te wā ine.
Te Kaiārahi Whakauru Mamati Korekore
Hei whakatutuki i te pūmanawa arotau katoa, me whakarato e te mita waikeri ngā raraunga ka taea te whakamahi ngāwari e ngā pūnaha whakahaere. Ka whakaratohia e te mita waikeri ngā putanga ahumahi paerewa (4–20 mADC, Modbus) mō te waikeri me te pāmahana. Mā tēnei rerenga raraunga matihiko korekore ka tere te whakaurunga ki ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Tohatoha (DCS) me ngā tūāpapa SCADA. Ko te whakatinanatanga o tēnei hangarau matatau me whai huarahi whakawhiti matihiko ā-wāhanga, ka tīmata me te whakaurunga o ngā raraunga pūoko hei whakaiti i te uauatanga tuatahi me te whakaatu i te hokinga wawe ki te haumi (ROI). Ko ēnei raraunga whakauru te pūtake o tētahi matihiko tātaritanga, e āhei ai ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te hono tere i ngā rerekētanga waikeri me ētahi atu rerenga raraunga (hei tauira, te pāmahana, te rerekētanga pēhanga) hei ārahi i ngā mahi whakatikatika whai hua.
VI. Te Arotau me te Whakatakotoranga Uara Ōhanga
Te uara ōhanga tuturu o te LonnmeterIne Matawai Wiri ā-RāinaKa tutuki te inenga ngāwari ina hurihia te inenga kore mahi hei whakahaere tukanga kaha, katia. Mā te awa raraunga tika, tino pono, ka whakatūria te tikanga urupare e tika ana hei whakahaere hihiri i ngā whakapaunga whakahaere taurangi nui e rua: te whakamahinga matū me te whakamahinga pūngao wera.
6.1. Te Hononga i te Matatini Wā-Tūturu ki te Whakahaere Tukanga Hihiri
Ko te rautaki arotau e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakauru i ngā pānui matotoru ki ngā rīwhi whakahaere matua—te horopeta o te tango matū me te pāmahana whakamahana—kia mau tonu ai te kaha wehenga tino pai i te utu iti rawa.
Ko te whāinga matua o te whakahaere ko te tautuhi me te pupuri i te pūwāhi o te matotoru wehenga iti rawa. Mēnā ka kitea e te pūnaha he rerekētanga, ka tatauhia te urupare i runga i ngā utu whakahaere o nāianei.
Porowhita Urupare Arotau
| Te Auahatanga o te Matotoru i Kitea (Wā-Tūturu) | Te Tātaritanga Āhua o te Tukanga | Mahi Whakatikatika (Aunoa/Kaiwhakahaere) | Pānga Ōhanga e Matapaetia ana |
| Kei te piki haere te matotoru i muri i te whakaranu/werohanga | Te Whakakorenga o te Whakakorenga, te Reiti Whakakotahitanga rānei Kāore i te Rawaka | Whakanuia te Inenga Whakakore-whakaora (PPM) RĀNEI Whakanuia te Tautuhinga Pāmahana Whakawera | Whakanuia te kaha whakaputa; Ārai i te whakaemulsification anō me te slugging |
| He pūmau, he rite tonu te matotoru, engari e whakaatu ana ngā raraunga o mua he nui ake i te mea e tika ana | Te pāmahana whakahaere iti rawa mō te rheology mata o nāianei | Whakaitihia te Tautuhinga Pāmahana Whakamahana-mua/Whakakore-wai ki te T whai hua iti rawa | Ka whakaiti tika i te whakapaunga pūngao wera; Te penapena OPEX matua |
| Ka tere te heke o te matotoru, ā, ka pumau i te wāhi iti | Kua Tutuki te Wehenga Tata-Pai / Te Tūponotanga o te Tapeke Matū | Whakaitihia te Inenga Whakakore-whakaora (PPM) ki te horopeta iti rawa e whai hua ana | Ka whakaiti tika i ngā utu hoko me te whakakorenga matū |
Arotautanga Inenga Whakakore-whakaora
Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha whakahaere te matotoru wā-tūturu hei inenga mahi hei whakarerekē i te tere werohanga o te demulsifier. Mā tēnei āheinga ka whakakorea te mahi utu nui me te mahi noa o te nui rawa o ngā matū hei utu mō te rerekētanga mata, te whakawhirinaki rānei ki ngā hua taiwhanga kua whakaroa. Mā te whakaiti i te inenga ki te kukū iti rawa e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i te wehenga whainga, ka oati ngā kaiwhakahaere i te whakamahinga pai o ngā matū utu nui me te pupuri tonu i te pai o te mahi (hei tauira, te whakatutuki i te wehenga tote 99%).
Whakahaere Pūngao Wera
I te mea ko ngā whakaritenga pāmahana tango-hinu e whakatau ana i te āhua rheological o te hinu mata, mā ngā pānui matotoru tika ka taea e te pūnaha te pupuri i ngā pāmahana whakamahana-mua me te tango-hinu ki te taumata iti rawa e hiahiatia ana mō te wehenga wāhanga. Mā tēnei āheinga ka ārai i te whakapaunga pūngao nui me te kore e hiahiatia e pā ana ki te whakamahana hinu mata, ka puta he penapena OPEX nui me te pumau.
Mā te pupuri i te mana whakahaere hihiri i runga i ēnei taurangi, ka huri te tipu mai i te mahi tauhohe, e hangai ana ki te pūwāhi tautuhinga ki tētahi pūnaha matatau, e arotau ana ki te rheology. Mā tēnei rerenga raraunga ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te huri ki te rapunga whakaaro tiaki matapae. Hei tauira, ko te pikinga ohorere, kāore i te whakamāramahia o te matotoru, ina whakawhitihia ki te pāmahana pumau me te horopeta demulsifier, ka tohu pea i tētahi raruraru miihini e haere mai ana, pērā i te paru nui, te kakahu papu rānei, e taea ai te wawaotanga ā-mua i mua i te puta o tētahi rahunga mahi kino.
6.2. Ngā Painga Ka Taea te Ine me te Whakatutukitanga ROI
Mā te whakaurunga o te Lonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer ka puta he hua pūtea tūturu, pumau hoki puta noa i te mekameka uara whakaputa.
Ngā Utu Whakahaere kua Whakaitihia:
Penapena Matū: Ka whakaitihia e te whakahaere horopeta hihiri te werohanga o ngā matū whakakore matū utu nui, kia kore ai e utua wawetia.
Penapena Pūngao: Ka tino whakaitihia te nui o te wahie/mamao e pau ana i te whakamahana i te hinu mata e te arotautanga o te pāmahana whakamahana i runga i ngā raraunga rheological wā-tūturu.
Ngā Penapena Tiaki: Mā te hanganga māmā, kāhore he wāhanga neke, he hiri, he whāriki rānei, me te āhuatanga horoi-ake o te pūoko wiri, ka kore e nui ngā utu tiaki me te ratonga e pā ana ki ngā taputapu tuku iho i roto i ngā ratonga waikura, poke hoki.
Te Whakapai Ake i te Kounga me te Uara o te Hua: Mā te whakatutukitanga o ngā whāinga kounga tino pakari, pērā i te whakatutukitanga o te 0.5% BS&W me te tango PTB teitei, ka whakarite kia tutuki i te hinu mata ngā whakaritenga hoko, kia kore ai e whiua ngā whiu arumoni me ngā utu nui e pā ana ki te tukatuka anō, te whakaiti rānei i te waikura.
Te Whakanuia o te Whai Huatanga Whakahaere me te Putanga Whakahaere: Mā te arotau i ngā whakaurunga matū me te wera ka tere ake, ka ōrite ake te tere o te wehenga. Ka whakaitihia te wā taunga me te wā pupuri e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka piki ake te kaha whakaputanga whai hua o te whare.
Haumaru me te Pono Whakapai Ake: Mā te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki te tauira ā-ringa me te whakamātautau taiwhanga ka whakaiti i te pānga o te kaiwhakahaere ki ngā raina tukanga pēhanga teitei, pāmahana teitei, me te waikura. Ko te pono teitei o te hanganga pūoko pakari ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā kati kore whakamahere e pā ana ki ngā taputapu.
Ko te Whakakorenga Pai, te Whakamaroke, me te Tango Tote he tūāpapa mō te angitu pūtea me te pono o te mahi a te umanga warowaihā. Ko te uaua o te tukanga, te rerekētanga o te mata, me ngā āhuatanga mahi tino kaha e hiahia ana ki te taumata o te tika o te ine me te pakari o te pūoko e kore e taea e ngā hangarau tuku iho te whakarato. Ko te uaua o te miihini, te ngawari ki te waikura, me te ngoikore ki te poke ka waiho hei nama mō ngā inenga viscometer tuku iho, ka mōrearea te pai o te tukanga me te tiaki rawa.
Ko te Lonnmeter Inline Vibrational Viscometer te otinga tino tika, i hangaia kia tupu i roto i tēnei taiao ahumahi kino. Ko tōna hoahoa māmā, kāore he wāhanga e neke ana, e whakamana ana i te rere tonu o ngā raraunga pono, me te wikitoria i ngā tikanga rahunga ā-roto o ngā pūnaha hurihuri me ngā pūnaha capillary tuku iho. Mā te ine tika i te matotoru pono, teitei o te hinu mata matatini, ehara i te Newtonian, ka taea e te Lonnmeter te whakamahi i tētahi rautaki whakahaere matapae hihiri. Mā tēnei rautaki ka whakaratohia te turanga hangarau mō te arotautanga porowhita kati o te horopeta demulsifier me ngā kōtaha whakamahana, me te whakarite i te kounga hua rite tonu me te whai huatanga mahi mōrahi.
Mā te whakaurunga o tēnei hangarau matatau ka whakawhitihia te tukanga D/D/D mai i te mahi ātaahua, te mahi karo-mōrearea ki tētahi pūnaha tika, e arotau ana i te utu. Ka tukuna e tēnei huarahi he hokinga mai o te haumitanga tere tonu, ka taea te ine mā te whakaiti nui i te whakamahinga matū me te moumou pūngao.
Tonoa he Kōrerorero Taipitopito mō ngā RFQ.
Me mahi i te taahiraa nui ki te whakapūmau i te kounga o te hinu mata e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga, me te whakanui ake i ngā hokinga mai ohaoha. Tīmata ki te penapena i ngā whakapaunga matū me te pūngao i tēnei rā mā te whakatinana i te otinga ine kounga-ā-roto tino pakari o te umanga. Keremehia tō tuku mō te kōrerorero otinga tukanga ritenga me te Tono Whakataukī taipitopito (RFQ). Whakapā atu ki ā mātou tohunga hangarau inaianei ki te tīmata i tō mahere arotautanga e hāngai ana ki tō rheology hinu mata, ngā herenga whakahaere, me ngā whāinga ROI uaua.
