Te Ine i te Matotoru Tonu i roto i te Whakaranu Tīhiera
Ko te tukanga whakaranu te mahi whakamutunga, ā, ko te mahi tino whai hua i roto i tētahi whare whakapai hinu. Ko te whāinga matua o tēnei tukanga uaua ko te hanga i tētahi hua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga katoa e hiahiatia ana e te mākete, engari e tutuki ana i te utu iti rawa, kia nui ake ai ngā hua katoa o te whare whakapai hinu.
Kāore e taea te whakanui rawa i te aro nui ki te taha pūtea o te whakaranu. Mā te koretake, te kore tika rānei o te mahi i tēnei wā whakamutunga ka tere te whakaiti i ngā hua ka puta mai i te arotautanga tupato o ngā waeine o runga. Ka puta tika tēnei ki te ngaronga o ngā moni whiwhi, ā, e whakaatu ana i te nui o te pānga o te haumi rautaki ki te hangarau whakaranu ki te hua o te whare whakarewa.
Ngā Wero me ngā Mōrearea i roto i te Whakaranu Tīhiera Tuku Iho
Te Utu Pūtea o te Ine Hē
Ko tētahi o ngā mōrearea pūtea nui rawa atu, ā, e warewarehia ana i te nuinga o te wā, ko te mahi "tuku noa." Ki te kore he raraunga tonu, ā-wā tonu mō ngā āhuatanga o te ranunga, me whakawhirinaki ngā kaiwhakahaere ki ngā tauira taiwhanga wā-poto me ngā tauira matapae hei whakahaere i te tukanga. Hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o te whakaputa i tētahi hua kāore i te tino tika, he hapa utu nui, he hapa roa hoki, me hanga he tawhā haumaru mā te tāpiri atu i ngā wāhanga ranunga utu nui atu i te mea e tino hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga iti rawa.
Ngā ngoikoretanga o te whakahaere me ngā utu huna
Ko ngā pānga o te ine hē ka horapa atu ki tua atu i te waeine whakaranu tonu. Ko te whakawhirinaki ki ngā tikanga kāore i te tino tika, pērā i te ine i ngā taumata tāke, ka hua ake he whakaritenga koretake me te whakahaere taonga. Ka hua ake pea tēnei i ngā utu nui mō te hekenga—he whiu ka puta ina whakaroahia te kaipuke utanga nā te korenga o te kaha rokiroki e wātea ana.
Ka horapa haere ngā pānga ki runga ake: ko te koretake o te kounga o ngā rauemi kai e puta mai ana i te ngoikore o te whakahaere ranunga ka arahi pea ki te kore pumau o ngā mahi i roto i ngā wāhanga o runga ake, ka tūpono pea te whakaputanga o ngā hua taha kore e hiahiatia pērā i te "shot coke" i roto i te coker, ka puta he wero nui ki te haumaru me te whakahaere.
Te Mōrearea Ōhanga o te Whakaranu Nui mō te Whakatutukitanga Ture
Nā te nekehanga o te ao ki ngā otinga pūngao tauwhiro ake, kua piki ake te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie koiora, e whakaranua pinepinetia ana ki te tīhiera tikanga hei whakatutuki i ngā ture taiao. Ahakoa he painga taiao ēnei wahie koiora, he nui te utu ōhanga. Hei tauira, ko te pūngao e tukuna ana e te tīhiera koiora ka taea te utu 70% ki te 130% te nui ake i te tīhiera tawhito. Hei tāpiri, he nui ake te matotoru o te tīhiera koiora i tōna hoa tawhito.
He wero motuhake, he wero utu nui hoki tēnei mō ngā kaiparapara. Ki te kore e taea te manatoko tonu i ngā āhuatanga o te ranunga whakamutunga, inā koa tōna matotoru, me whakaranu rawa e rātou te wahie koiora utu nui kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga ture iti rawa, kia kore ai hoki e whiua he whiu. Ko te kore o te ine wā-tūturu ka huri i te whakaritenga ture hei tuku tonu, whakahaunga, i tētahi wāhanga utu nui.
Te Tukanga me te Whakaurunga o te IpurangiNgā Mita Matotoru
Ngā Tikanga o te Ine i te Kiato Tonu
Ngā mita mātotoru ā-roto, inā koa ko ērā e ahu mai ana i te hangarau marau whakahāngai, e mahi ana i runga i te kaupapa matua o te ahupūngao hei whakarato i te ine tonu, i te wā tūturu. Ko te uho o te taputapu he marau whakahāngai iti, he kowiri tira, e meinga ana kia wiri i tōna auau ā-taiao e te karaihe piezoelectric. I te rere o te wai e inehia ana huri noa i ngā kōhao wiri, ka "utaina" e tōna papatipu te marau, ka puta he huringa i roto i tōna auau wiri. Ka whakarongo te karaihe piezoelectric tuarua, ka ine i tēnei auau kua whakarerekētia. Ka whakamaoritia e te tukatuka whakauru, ma te whakamahi i te pūoko pāmahana kua hangaia hei utu, tēnei nekehanga auau ki te uara kiato tino tika.
He taputapu tauira, pērā i te Lonnmeterine mātotoru marau whakarārangi, ka taea te ine i tētahi wai he iti iho i te 2000 henetipoise (CP) te matotoru i runga i te awhe kiato o te 0−2g/cm3me te tika o te ine o te 0.003g/cm3me te taumira o te 0.001. He pakari ēnei taputapu, ā, he mea hanga mō ngā taiao ahumahi uaua, he rauemi mākū i hangaia ki te maitai kore waikura 316 me te whakatauranga ātete-pahū teitei o te Exd II BT6, e pai ai mō ngā mahi whakapaipai kino.
He pātai āu mō te arotau i ngā tukanga whakaputa?
Whakaurunga Māmā ki te Pūnaha Whakahaere Tukanga
He taahiraa nui te whakaurunga o tētahi mita mātotoru ā-roto ki roto i te pūnaha whakahaere o tētahi whare whakapūkara. Ko te tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tino noa, tino pono hoki, ko te whakamahi i tētahi tohu porowhita iahiko 4-20mA, he rite tonu ki te mātotoru i inehia. Ko tēnei tohu anaro he tāuru paerewa mō te nuinga o ngā Kaiwhakahaere Arorau Ka taea te Whakahōtaka (PLC) me ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Tohatoha (DCS).
Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Tāutanga me te Whirihoranga
Te mahi a tētahiroto i te rārangimita mātotoru tīhierahe tino whakawhirinaki ki tōna tāutanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga e karapoti ana. Hei whakarite i te tika rawa, me whai whakaaro ki ētahi āhuatanga matua:
Te whakanohoMe whakanoho te pūoko ki tētahi wāhi e pai ana te whakaranu o te wai, e whakaatu ana i te rerenga o te tukanga. Ko ngā wāhi tino pai ko te nuinga o te wā i raro i te papu, i te mīhini whakaranu pūmau rānei, ā, kia matara atu i ngā waewae mate, i ngā pute hurihanga anō rānei.
Te Rukuhanga o te PūokoMe rumaki katoa te wāhanga pūoko ki roto i te wai i ngā wā katoa. Mō ngā paipa rere iti, ngā paipa kī tonu rānei, me tāuta whakapae, me whakanoho rānei ki roto i te tuke paipa kia mau tonu ai te mākū o te pūoko.
Ngā Ahumahi WaiKa taea e te noho mai o ngā mirumiru hau, te hau rānei e mau ana te whakararuraru nui i ngā pānuitanga mātotoru, nā te mea he iti ake te mātotoru o te hau i ngā wai. Hei whakaiti i tēnei, mā te tāutanga poutū me ngā kōhao e anga ana ki te taha ka taea e te hau te neke atu i te pūoko. Mā te whakanui ake i te pēhanga whakamuri mā te whakamahi i te takirere whakahaere ka taea hoki te pupuri i ngā hau rewa i roto i te wairewa, inā koa i ngā ratonga wera, i ngā ratonga kanapa rānei.
Te wiri me te pokanoaTeKa pāngia pea te mahi a te mita kiato e te wiri ā-pūkaha o waho mai i ngā papu, i ngā mea whakaoho rānei e tata ana. He mea nui te tūnga whenua tika o te taputapu me te whakamahi i ngā taura tohu kua āraia e rere ana i roto i ngā paipa motuhake mō te mahi pumau.
Ako atu mō ētahi atu mita mātotoru
Ētahi atu Mita Tukanga Ipurangi
Ngā Painga Hangarau o te Ipurangi HouNgā Mita Matotoru
Tātaritanga Whakataurite oDkahaMmutunga koreNgā Hangarau
He whakatau hangarau nui te whiriwhiri i te hangarau tika mō te ine i te mātotoru tonu, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakaritenga tono motuhake. Ahakoa he maha ngā hangarau e wātea ana, ko ngā mea tino noa mō te ine ā-roto ko te marau whakarārangi, te Coriolis, me ngā mita mātotoru capacitive.
Temarau whakarārangimita mātotoruHe mea rongonui mō tōna tere urupare, e tuku ana i tētahi pānui mātotoru hou i ia 0.1 ki te 1 hēkona. He iti tōna tapuwae, ā, kāore he wāhanga e neke ana, he tino pono, he ngāwari hoki te whakahoki.
TeMita Coriolis, e kiia ana ko te paerewa koura o te umanga, he taputapu maha ngā whakamahinga e whakarato ana i te ine tika me te ine i te rere papatipu me te mātotoru tuturu. Heoi, nā te nui ake o te utu whakapaipai me ngā take tiaki pea me ngā wai kore-hinuhinu, ka iti ake te whai hua mena kua whakauruhia he mita rere motuhake.
Āwhinangā mita mātotoruhe kōwhiringa pakari anō hoki, e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi pūoko pēhanga rerekētanga kaha. He tino ātete tēnei hangarau ki ngā wiri o ngā tipu, ā, kāore e pāngia e ngā rerekētanga taumata oko. Heoi, ka taea te whakawhāiti i tōna whakamahinga ki ētahi momo wai, ā, me āta whakaaro ki te tāutanga hei ārai i te kohikohinga o ngā toenga.
Te Pono me te Whakaiti i te Tiaki
Ko tētahi painga matua o te hoahoa marau whakarārangi ko te korenga o ngā wāhanga nekeneke ā-mīhini i roto i tōna wāhanga mākū. Nā tēnei ngāwari ā-roto ka piki ake te pono me te iti ake o ngā whakaritenga tiaki ki te whakataurite ki ngā mita rere ā-mīhini tawhito. Nā te pumau o te hangarau, kāore e hiahiatia he whakamātautau auau me te utu nui e hiahiatia ana e ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā mita tāpoi.
Ko te whakamahi i te ine i te matotoru tonu i roto i te whakaranu hinu tīhiera he taahiraa matua ki te whakahou i ngā mahi whakapai hinu. He nekehanga nui tēnei mai i te tukanga tauhohe, ā-ringa, me te ngāwari ki te mōrearea ki tētahi tukanga matatau, aunoa, me te whai hua. Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea e ngā kaihanga whakapai te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea whakahaere me te pūtea, te whakakore i ngā mea ngaro, te whakaiti i ngā utu huna, me te iriti i ngā awa moni hou mā te whakanui ake i te nui o te mahi a te tipu me te tere o te whakahaere. Whakapā atu ki a Lonnmeter inaianei tonu ka tono mo tētahi otinga ine matotoru tonu kua whakaritea.
