Ko te matotoru o te paru uku te huarahi matua ki te kounga whakarewa; e whakahaere ana i te tukanga paninga me te hanganga o muri mai o te anga. Hei ine i te ātete rere, ka whakatauhia e te matotoru te taunekeneke hihiri i waenga i te paru me te tauira ware pi, e whakahaere ana i te putanga o te whakatakotoranga paparanga.
I. Te Whakaritenga Tika i roto i ngā Mahi Whakarewa Waihanga
Te Maka Pūtea: Te Whakataki i te Ariā me te Hononga ki te Maka Ware Ngaro
Ko te tikanga hanga e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te whakarewatanga haumi he tūāpapa mō te hanga wāhanga hou e whai kiko ana, e tuku ana i ngā wāhanga me te tino pono o te miihini me te uaua o te āhuahanga. Ko tēnei tikanga ahumahi e ahu mai ana i te mahi tawhito o te whakarewatanga ware pi ngaro, he tikanga e mau ana i ngā mano tau. Ko te kaupapa matua ko te waihanga i tētahi tauira ware pi patunga tapu ka whakarewahia hei hanga i tētahi kōhao mō te konganuku rewa. I roto i ngā kōrero o mua, ko te mahi tuatahi,parai whakarewa ware pi ngaro, he maha ngā pokepokea ai i hangaia ki te ware pi me te uku, he mea hanga mō ngā whakapaipai, mō ngā mahi toi whakapaipai rānei.
Te Maka Pūtea
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Heoi, ko te mahi o nāianei he huarahi tino miihini, he huarahi whakahaere hoki. E whakaata ana te kupu i tēnei panonitanga:he aha te makanga haumitangae wehewehe ana i a ia anō mā te arotahi ki te taahiraa nui o te "whakangao" i te tauira ware pi ki roto i te mea motuhakeparu whakarewa uku, e hanga ana i te anga uku pakari, pāmahana teitei. Ka whakamahia e ngā whare hanga hou tetukanga makanga haumihei whakaputa i ngā waeine he pai ake te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga, he angiangi ake ngā pakitara, ā, he kikī ake ngā manawanui i ngā tikanga tawhito, ā, ka kore e hiahiatia he mīhini whakarewa whānui.
Te Tūtohu i ngā Wero Matua o te Ahumahi e Hiranga Ana te Mana Whakahaere Tika
Ahakoa te tika o te tukanga, he uaua tonu te pupuri i te ōritetanga i roto i te hanga nui-rahi, nui-utu. Mō ngā rāngai e hiahia ana ki ngā paerewa tino tika, ko te rerekētanga i roto i te wāhanga hanga anga ka puta he pakaru kino pea o ngā wāhanga, he tere para kino rānei ki te taha ōhanga.
Ko tētahi wero matua ko te whakarite i te pono o ngā rauemi. I te wā e whakarewaina ana ngā konukōre matatau, me ārai te kounga o te anga uku i ngā tauhohenga ā-mata me te whakaiti i te porosity, e pā tika ana ki te kaha kume me ngā āhuatanga miihini o te wāhanga whakamutunga. Ko tētahi atu wero nui ko te whakahaere i te utu o te uauatanga. He nui te utu taputapu mō ngā wāhanga uaua i te tīmatanga, ā, he nui te utu o ngā rauemi. Nō reira, ko ngā hapa whakarewa i puta mai i ngā anga hapa ka arahi ki ngā whakakorenga pūtea nui me te whakaiti i te hua whānui. Ko te hiahia mō ngā whakaurunga tukanga whai take, e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga, kaua ki ngā tirotiro ā-ringa whaiaro, e akiaki ana i te wero whānui o te umanga ki te whakatutuki i te auautanga me te paerewa, inā koa he roa ngā wā arahi e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga uaua me ngā oma whakaputa nui. Ko te whakahau whakahaere mō ngā whare whakarewa hou ko te whakatutuki i te kore hapa, ā, ko te pono o te anga uku te huarahi kotahi ki taua whāinga.
Nā te whanaketanga o te whakarewanga ahumahi hou—te whakahaere i ngā wāhanga nunui me ngā koranu taumahatanga teitei—kua kaha ake te arotahi ki te tukanga paninga anga. Nā te mea kāore e taea te whakamanawanui i tētahi hapa wāhanga i roto i tētahi whakaurunga hauora, i tētahi mata rānei o te mīhini rererangi, me tino pumau te pumau o te anga uku. Ko te paninga tuatahi oparai uku mō te whakarewanga ware pi ngaronō reira, koia te mea matua e whakatau ana i te kounga o ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei, ā, ko tōna mana whakahaere pea te taurangi tino nui rawa atu i roto i te mekameka whakaputa katoa.
II. Te Pūtaiao o te Parapara Maka Uku
Parai Maka Uku: Te Hanganga me te Tūāpapa Rheological
Teparu uku mō te whakarewanga haumiHe whakatārewatanga korōira tino hangarau te mea nei, i hangaia hei whakawhiti i ngā taipitopito uaua o te tauira ware pi ki roto i tētahi pokepokea uku pakari. He pūnaha matatini, maha-wāhanga, ko ōna āhuatanga mahi—e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te rheology—e tautuhia ana e te taurite tupato o ōna wāhanga wai me te totoka.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua meImportanceof Cerāmic Slurry
He tika, he tonu hoki te whanaungatanga mahi i waenga i ngā wāhanga o te para me te matotoru. Mā ngā panonitanga o te kukū, te hanganga, te taunekeneke rānei i waenga i ngā wāhanga ka huri tonu te whanonga rere o te para.
Ngā Pūwero Ātete (Te Ihirangi o ngā Totoka):Ko ēnei te hanganga hanganga o te anga. Ko ngā rauemi noa, i tīpakohia mō tō rātou pumau wera, ko te Zircon, te Fused Silica, te Alumina, me ngā Aluminosilicates pērā i te mullite, te kyanite kua whakapūkaratia rānei. Ko te kukū o ēnei totoka te mea nui rawa atu te awe ki te whanonga o te pūnaha. Mō ngā paninga mata taipitopito teitei, ko te rahi o te matūriki orauemi uku āteteHe tino angiangi, he maha ngā wā he 600 mata (27 μm) te matotoru, iti iho rānei. Ko te āhua o te mata o ēnei matūriki, pērā i te paura kōrundum āhua-maka, he mea hanga hei whakapai ake i te maeneene o te mata o te paninga mata, hei whakarei ake hoki i te kore e mākū ki ngā konukōre nui, e āwhina ana ki te aukati i ngā tauhohenga ā-mata i waenga i te anga me te konganuku rewa. Ko te matotoru he mahi tika nā tēnei uta totoka angiangi.
Ngā Here (Waenga Wai):Ko ngā mea here, ko te nuinga he wairewa silica colloidal, he wairewa silicate ethyl rānei, hei reo wai me te kaihoko whakapiri. Mā rātou e āwhina te "whakamakuku" o te tauira ware pi, ā, ka maukati i ngā matūriki ātete ki te wāhi i muri i te maroke. Ka aro turukihia te pumau o te mea here mā te nui o ōna totoka me te pH. Ko te matotoru o te para whakamutunga e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki te pumau me ngā āhuatanga o te whakatārewatanga colloidal.
Ngā Tāpiri:Kei roto ngā momo matū hei whakapai ake i te mahi. Ka whakamahia ngā mea whakamarara, pērā i te HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose), hei whakatairanga i te tohatoha ōrite o ngā muka, o ngā matūriki rānei, me te whakanui ake i te pumau me te matotoru o te whakatārewatanga. Ka whakamahia ngā mea whakapūkara me ngā ranunga motuhake o ngā rauemi ātete-pērā i te whakamahi i tētahi rauemi ātete-kikī, pai ake, me tētahi mea māmā ake, kikī-kikī hoki, hei whakarite kia heke iho ngā matūriki kikī ki te hanga i tētahi mata pokepoke maeneene ake, tika ake. E whakaatu ana tēnei hoahoa pūnaha matatau i te uaua o te whakahaere rheological, ahakoa ngā piki me ngā heke iti o ngā ōwehenga wāhanga ka taea te whakararu i te whanonga taunga, te whakatārewatanga rānei kua hoahoatia.
Te Mārama ki te Whanoke Kore-Newtonian o ngā Parapara
He wai matatini, ehara i te wai Newtonian ngā parapara whakarewa, arā, ka rerekē te matotoru i runga i te tere kutikuti (hei tauira, te tere whakaoho) e whakamahia ana. He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia e rātou ngā āhuatanga angiangi kutikuti. Ko te matotoru tonu te ine ine i te ātete ā-roto o te wai ki te rere me te whakarerekētanga.
Ko te take nui o te tukatuka tonu ko te tino pōturi o ngā wāhanga wai (wai, whakarewa rānei). Hei whakaiti i te pōturi, me pupuri e ētahi whare hanga whakarewa te pāmahana para i ngā taumata tino iti, tata rānei ki te tino iti, pērā i te -93 ℃. Heoi, i te nuinga o ngā tono, ko te mimiti he āhuatanga pumau e whakaemi tonu ana i ngā totoka ātete me te mea here, ka hua ake te pikinga tonu o te matotoru. Ko tēnei huringa tonu, me te āhua whakakoi o ngā matūriki uku pai, ka waiho te tāke para hei taiao tiaki nui, kāore e pumau te hihiri, kei reira ngā tikanga whakahaere ā-ringa, ā-wā, kāore e taea te pupuri i te paerewa e hiahiatia ana. Ko te aroturuki tukanga tonu anake te ārai pono ki tēnei pōturi taiao e kore e taea te karo.
III. Te Hiranga o te Matatini Pūmau o te Parai Uku
Te Hononga Matotoru-Matotoru-Makuku-Haere
E rua ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana e tino whakahaeretia ana e te matotoru, he mea nui ki te ārai i ngā hapa:
Te Whakamakuku me te Taupoki:Ka pā te matotoru me te nui o ngā totoka ki te "makuku" o te paru ki te tauira. Mēnā he iti rawa te matotoru, ka tere rawa te rere o te wai, ā, ka kore pea e uru ki ngā kokonga uaua, ki ngā āhua uaua rānei, ka hua ake he kapi kāore i te oti, he kōhao iti rānei. He mea nui te kapi ōrite kia kore ai e piki ake te taratara o te wāhi.
Matotoru o te Paparanga:He ōrite tika te matotoru o te paparanga kua whakatakotoria. Ka puhoi ake te rere o te paru matotoru (he matotoru ake), ka waiho he paninga matotoru ake. Nā te mea ka hangaia te anga mā roto i ngā tukunga maha—he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he paru e piki haere ana te matotoru hei hanga i te kaha e tika ana—ka horapa ngā rerekētanga o te matotoru o tētahi paninga paru kotahi puta noa i te hanganga anga katoa.
Pānga ki te Whakaotinga Mata me te Tika o ngā Ahu
Ko ngā piki me ngā heke i tua atu i ngā ātete matotoru e hiahiatia ana ka hua tika mai ngā hapa kounga:
Whakaotinga Mata (Ra):Ka taea e te whakahaere rheology ngoikore te arahi ki ngā hapa o te mata. Hei tauira, ki te iti rawa te matotoru, ka taea e te makuku kore te puta he kōhao iti, ka nui ake te taratara o te mata, ā, ka taea hoki te uru o te konganuku i te wā e ringihia ana. I tetahi atu taha, ko te kore pumau o te paru, pērā i te nui o te huka, te hanganga microgel rānei, ka taea hoki te arahi ki ngā hapa me ngā hapa o te mata.
Te Tika o te Ahu (Manawanui):Ka ngoikore te kaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā ātete pakupaku, pērā i te 0.1 mm mō te 25 mm tuatahi o tētahi wāhanga, ina rerekē te matotoru. Ko te matotoru kore-ōrite puta noa i te whakarewanga, nā te tere rawa o te rere o te paru (te matotoru iti) te puhoi rawa rānei (te matotoru teitei), ka puta he rerekētanga i roto i ngā rahinga anga whakamutunga. Ka pā tika tēnei ki te wāhanga kua oti.te tika o te āhua, ka whakapiki ake i te mōrearea o ngā wāhanga kāore e tutuki ana.
Te Matatini me te Pūmautanga o te Anga (Kaha Kakariki, Āheinga)
Ko te whakahaere matotoru hoki te mea e whakahaere ana i te hanganga moroiti o roto o te anga. Ina tino teitei rawa te matotoru, ka taea te arahi ki te hanganga o te whatunga tiēre pakari i waenga i ngā matūriki ātete. Ka taea e tēnei hanganga moroiti te whai wāhi ki te hanganga o ngā kapiti moroiti tonu, ka whakaiti i te kaha matomato o te anga, ka whakanui ake hoki i tōna urunga. Ko ngā hapa pēnei i te pakaru i te wā o te tango-ā-whatu, te pakaru rānei i roto i te paninga tuatahi he hua o ēnei ngoikoretanga hanganga. Ko te kore e taea te pupuri i te kounga o te paninga ka pā kino ki te kawe wera o te anga, te tauhohenga matū, me te hanganga.
Hei whakaatu i te hononga matua i waenga i te rahunga o te whakahaere tukanga me ngā hapa hanga, kua whakarāpopototia i raro nei ngā momo rahunga matua e pā ana ki te pekapeka matotoru.
Tauira Ariā o te Mekameka Matotoru-Hapa
| Te rerekētanga o te matotoru | Ngā Huanga Rheological | Putanga Whakahaere | Ngā Koha Maka Matua | Pānga Taumata-Macro |
| He iti rawa te matotoru (paraoa angiangi) | Tere te rerenga; He iti te nui o ngā totoka; Kāore e pai te piri; Te huka/Te mau o te hau. | He angiangi ngā paparanga angiangi; Kāore i te rawaka te taupoki; He mimiti wawe i te wai i mua i te paninga o te stucco. | Ngā Pūwero; Te Whakaurunga o te Mea Whakarewa; Te Pakaru o te Rohe; Te Kaha o te Anga Kua Whakaitihia; Te Kanapa. | Te nui o ngā para; Ngā hapa hanganga tino kino. |
| He nui rawa te matotoru (paraoa matotoru) | Puhoi te mimiti; Te ahotea nui; He uaua te tukunga o te hau; Tere te taunga o ngā matūriki. | Te hono i roto i ngā kōhao/mokowā kikī; Kāore i te ōrite, he matotoru rawa; Ka roa te maroke. | Te urunga honohono/te urunga whakarewa ki ngā āhuatanga; Ngā hapa whakaurunga (te pakaru); Te hē o ngā āhua; Ngā haehae wera/te whakaitiiti. | Ngā hapa ā-ahu; Te utu nui mō te mahi anō/whakatika. |
Ko te pono o te mata ka whakatauhia e te parai paninga tuatahi tuatahi, e mahi ana i raro i ngā mana whakahaere tino kaha. Nā te mea ka kitea tonutia tēnei parai, ā, ka mimiti haere i te roanga o te mahi whakaputa, ka roa te rerekētanga matotoru. Mena ka whakararuhia te paparanga turanga e te whakahaere rheological ngoikore, ka hangaia ngā paparanga whakapakari katoa e whai ake nei ki runga i tētahi turanga kore pumau, ka oati ai te koretake o te kounga puta noa i te puranga whakaputa. Nā tēnei ka waiho te parai tuatahi hei pūwāhi tino kaha mō te wawaotanga kounga.
IV. Ngā Wero i roto i te Ine i te Matotoru o te Parapara Tonu
Ko te hiahia mō te ine tonu me te tika o te matotoru e ahu mai ana i ngā herenga kino o ngā tikanga whakahaere paru tuku iho, e whakauru ana i te kore pumau pūnaha ki roto i te tukanga whakarewanga haumi.
MōNgā Kaihanga Tukanga me ngā Tohunga QC, ko te tikanga ine tuku iho—te kapu rere—he arai hangarau nui. He tikanga ā-kore tēnei, e ine ana i te wā e puta ai te wai, kaua ki te matotoru tūturu, ā, he tino tairongo ki ngā taurangi o waho pērā i te pāmahana, te tikanga a te kaiwhakahaere, me te taumaha motuhake. Kāore tēnei kore o te tika me te auautanga e hototahi ki ngā manawanui pakari e hiahiatia ana e ngā tono whakarewa hou. Hei tāpiri, he wā poto te tirotiro kapu rere, e mahia ana i ngā wā motuhake. I roto i ngā hāora i waenganui i ēnei tirotiro ā-ringa, ka puta te mimiti haere tonu o te matotoru, ko te tikanga he nui te rauemi e pania ana i raro i ngā āhuatanga kāore e rite ana i mua i te taea te whakahaere ā-ringa i tētahi whakatikatika. Mā tēnei wā roa ka huri te mana whakahaere hei tirohanga whakamuri kaua ki te matapae, ka ārai i te wawaotanga tukanga wā-tūturu whai hua.
Ko te mea e whakanui ake ana i tēnei uauatanga ko te taiao ā-tinana o te tāke paru. Ko te noho mai o ngā mea pai, ngā mea mārō, me ngā mea whakakoirauemi uku āteteka tere te pakaru o ngā pūoko me ngā tirotiro tuku iho, ka tere rānei te poke i ngā putunga. Me horoi ā-ringa me te whakatikatika auau tēnei, ka nui ake ngā utu tiaki me te wā kore mahi.
MōWhakahaere (Ngā Mahi Whakahaere me te Pūtea), ka puta tika ēnei āhuatanga uaua hangarau ki te koretake o te pūtea. Ko te kore o te mana whakahaere i te wā tūturu ka hua ake he tere para teitei, kāore e taea te matapae. Ina whakamahia ngā koranu utu nui, ko ngā hapa kāore i te whakahaeretia pērā i te ngatata, te whakaurunga, te hē o te oma, te whakaheke rānei i puta mai i ngā anga koretake ka arahi ki ngā mate pūtea nui, ā, he maha ngā wā kāore e taea te pupuri. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakatikatika ā-ringa i te matotoru he maha ngā wā ka uru ki te koretake, te nui rawa o te horopeta o ngā here me ngā whakarewa utu nui, ka piki ake te para rauemi. Ko te hua kohikohi o ngā tirotiro ā-ringa, te mahi anō, me ngā tere hapa kāore e taea te matapae ka whakararu i te mahi whakaputa, ka roa ake te wā tukanga katoa, ka whakawhāiti i te kaha ki te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga me te whai hua.
Ngā Here o ngā Inenga Whakatau (hei tauira, Te Taumaha/Kōmato Motuhake)
He mea nui kia mārama ki te rerekētanga pūtaiao i waenga i te ine kiato me te ine matotoru, nā te mea kāore e taea te whakakapi pono i tētahi mō tētahi i roto i te whakahaere rheological.
A mita mātotoru parue ine ana i te papatipu mō ia wae rōrahi, e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te kukū o ngā totoka i roto i te whakatārewatanga. Ahakoa ko te ine mātotoru (e aro turukihia ana mā te taumaha motuhake, te whai i ngā totoka here) tētahi wāhanga o tētahi kaupapa whakahaere paru katoa, he tirohanga whakatau noa iho tāna mō te mahi. Ngā taputapu mātotoru, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha matatau pērā i temita mātotoru paru kore-karihie whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te maina, i te keri rānei, kāore e hopu i ngā āhuatanga rere o te wai.
Ko te matotoru, i tetahi atu taha, ka ine i te waku ā-roto, te ātete rānei ki te rere me te whakarerekētanga. Ahakoa ka whakanuia e te mimiti te mātotoru me te matotoru, ka taea e ngā huringa uaua o te paru - pērā i te hanganga microgel, te taunga matūriki, te flocculation, tae noa ki ngā nekehanga pāmahana - te whakarerekē nui i te mahi rere o te wai (matotoru) me te kore he nekehanga ōrite, ngāwari ki te ine i te matotoru whānui. Hei whakahaere i ngā taurangi tukanga hihiri o te matotoru o te paninga, te pai o te makuku, me te tere rerenga - ngā mahi matua o te paru - ko te matotoru te tawhā tika, tino nui. Mā te whakawhirinaki anake ki te tohu matotoru ka waiho te whare hanga kia tūpono ki te kore pumau rheological me ngā putanga paninga e kore e taea te matapae.
Ko tēnei āhua kore pumau i roto i te wāhanga hanga anga he arai nui ki te whakatinanatanga katoa o te aunoatanga ahumahi. Mena he kore pono te whakaurunga taketake (te hanganga anga) nā te matotoru kore e taea te whakahaere, ko te ngana ki te arotau i ngā tukanga o muri iho ka puta he hua kore pono, kāore hoki e taea te matapae.
Ako atu mō ētahi atu mita mātotoru
Ētahi atu Mita Tukanga Ipurangi
V. Te Otinga Ine Matao Lonnmeter i roto i te Tukanga
Ine Matao i roto i te Tukanga: Hangarau me te Mahi
Kua hangaia te hangarau Lonnmeter mō te whakatinanatanga ā-roto pakari i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi, kia puta ai ngā hua tika me te pono i roto tonu i te raina hanga, kia kore ai e mahi anō me ngā hapa ā-ringa.
Ngā Mātāpono Hangarau Matua:Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e ēnei taputapu te hangarau wiri, te hangarau haruru rānei, he tino tika. Ka rumakina he wāhanga pūoko, he tokotoko haruru rānei, ki roto i te wai, ā, ka whakakorikoria. Ka inehia te whakaiti pūngao, te nekehanga auau rānei e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i te wiri, e whakarato ana i tētahi tatau tika, whai take o te matotoru o te wai. He pai ake tēnei huarahi i ngā tikanga rere-ā-roto nā te mea ka ine i te āhuatanga rheological ā-roto ahakoa ngā āhuatanga rere i roto i te tāke.
Te Whakatika i te Whakahāwea me te Parahanga:Ko tētahi rerekētanga nui ko te pakari o te hoahoa pūoko. He mea hanga ngā mita tirohanga roa kia roa te mau, me ngā hanganga miihini ahurei e tu atu ana i ngā āhuatanga uaua o te mahi mara, tae atu ki te pānga ki ngā wai kirikiri me ngā paru kirikiri. Mā te whakauru i ngā āhuatanga e ārai ana i te aukati me te tauine—he rite ki ngā hangarau e whakamahi ana i te wiri whakauru hei ārai i ngā putunga—ka mahi ngā pūoko mō ngā wā roa, ka whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga tiaki me te whakarite kia mau tonu te horoi mō te ine pono. He mea nui tēnei āheinga mō te whakahaere i ngā paura pakari, pai hoki.
Te Tika o te Ine me te Tere o te Urupare:Ka tukuna e te pūnaha ngā pānui matotoru tino tika e tukuna ana i te wā tūturu, kia taea ai te kite tonu i ngā panonitanga hanganga i puta mai i te mimiti, i ngā rerekētanga pāmahana, i te tāpiri kai rānei. Mā tēnei tere urupare ka taea e ngā kaihanga tukanga te neke atu i te mana whakahaere tauhohe (te whakatika i ngā hapa i muri i te puta) ki te whakahaere matatau, ina hangai ngā mahi whakatikatika whai hua ki ngā raraunga pūtaiao me te tika.
Te Pūmautanga me te Pono:Mā te whakauru tika i te ine ki roto i te raina tukanga, ka whakaratohia e te pūnaha Lonnmeter te pumau tonu, ka whakaiti i te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā nekehanga me ngā hapa whaiaro e pā ana ki te whakamātautau ā-ringa. Ko tēnei pono pumau te kaupapa matua mō te whakatinana i ngā pūnaha whakahaere porowhita-kati e tika ana mō ngā taiao hanga matatau. Kua hangaia ngā pūoko kia mahi mō ngā tau maha me te iti o te tiaki, te whakanui ake i te wā mahi me te whakaiti i te mōrearea whakahaere.
VI. Ngā Painga o te Aroturukitanga Tonu o te Matatini
Mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha Lonnmeter ka hurihia te whakarite paru uku mai i te aukati kore e taea te matapae ki tētahi wāhanga pumau, whakahaeretia o te tukanga hanga. Ko te aroturuki tonu, te tika hoki te taahiraa e tika ana hei whakanui ake i te kounga, te ōritetanga, me te aunoatanga i roto i te hanganga anga.
Te Pūmautanga o te Tukanga Whakarei:Mā te kohikohinga raraunga wā-tūturu ka taea te aroturuki me te pupuri tika i te paru i te pāmahana me te matotoru e hiahiatia ana, ka ārai tika i ngā pānga tonu me te haere tonu o te mimiti whakarewa me ngā huringa pāmahana taiao. Mā tēnei pumau tonu o teparai uku mō te whakarewanga ware pi ngarohe mea tino nui mō ngā rāngai hangahanga pono-nui, e whakarato ana i ngā taunakitanga pakari e tika ana mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kounga me ngā tuhinga takenga mai o ngā rauemi.
Te Mahi Whakatikatika Aunoa, Tonu:Mā te aroturuki tonu ka taea te whakauru i te putanga o te pūoko ki roto i tētahi porowhita urupare aunoa. Ka whakaoho aunoa ngā raraunga o te inenga ine i ngā pūnaha inenga kia werohia he nui tika o te whakarewa, o ngā tāpiringa rānei hei pupuri i te pūwāhi kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei āheinga mō ngā mahi whakatikatika aunoa ka whakakorea te hapa tangata, ka tangohia te whakaroa wā kino o ngā tirotiro ā-ringa, ā, ka whakarite kia rite tonu te hua puta noa i ngā huringa whakaputa roa.
Te Whakapai Ake i te Pūmautanga o te Anga:Ko te rheology paru ōrite e whai hua ana ki te whanonga paninga matapae. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia ōrite te matotoru o te whakatakoto paparanga me ngā āhuatanga makuku kua pai ake puta noa i ngā tukunga katoa, ahakoa e whā, e ono, neke atu rānei. Mā te whakatutuki i tēnei ōritetanga ka whakaitihia te putanga mai o ngā hapa anga e pā ana ki te matotoru, tae atu ki te piriti, te whakaurunga uku, te hē o te oma, me te ngatata, he take noa ēnei e pā ana ki te kounga o ngā hua whakarewa whakamutunga. Mā te whakau i te kounga paninga, ka whakarei ake te whare whakarewa i te kaha o te anga, te uruhanga, me te hanganga o te hanganga, ka hua ake he whakarewa kounga teitei ake, ka whakaitihia te wā arahi me te utu whakaputa.
VII. Ngā Painga Whakahaere me te Ōhanga Taumata-Maro
Mā te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere matotoru tonu mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu matatau ka puta he painga nui ki te taumata whānui e toro atu ana ki tua atu i te whakapūmau kounga noa iho, e akiaki ana i te whai huatanga me te hua mā te whakaū i te mea i mua he tawhā tukanga hurihuri.
Te Whakaiti i te Para me te Mahi Anō (Te Whakaiti i te Koha):Ko te painga ōhanga tino tika ko te whakahekenga o ngā reiti hapa. Mā te whakarite i te pumau o te anga me te aukati i ngā hapa i puta mai i te paru koretake (pēnei i te hononga, te koretake o te makuku, te hapa rānei o te rahinga), ka tino whakaitihia e ngā whare hanga whakarewa te nui o ngā para me te hiahia mō te mahi anō utu nui. Ka nui ake tēnei pānga ina mahi ana me ngā rauemi utu nui, mahi teitei pērā i ngā konukōrei-nikara, ngā konukōrei-kobalta rānei. Mā te whakaiti i te auau o ngā hapa pērā i te kati makariri me te whakahekenga ka whakarei ake i te matapae mahi.
Te Arotau i te Whakamahinga Rauemi:Mā te aunoatanga ka whakarite kia ahu mai ngā mahi whakatikatika i ngā hiahia pūtaiao. Mā ngā pūnaha inenga aunoa ka whakauruhia ngā rahinga tika o ngā here me ngā tāpiringa utu nui e ahu mai ana i ngā pānui Lonnmeter wā-tūturu, ka whakakorea te whakarerekētanga nui rawa me te para rauemi e pā ana ki te whakahaere ā-ringa koretake.
Te Whakanui Ake i te Pūmanawa me te Matapae:Mā te whakau i te tukanga hanga anga, kaIne Matawai kei te TukatukaKa whakakorea ngā aukati tukanga kāore i whakaritea, te wā kore tirotiro ā-ringa, me ngā whakaroa i puta mai i te maka atu, te whakatika rānei i ngā anga hapa. Ka whakarei ake tēnei arotau i te pai o te whakaputa, ka whakarite kia pai ake te matapae me te wā poto ake mō te whakaputanga o ngā anga uku kounga teitei. Ko te tere o te mahi ki ngā momo whakaputa he painga whakataetae matua.
Te Whakatutuki i ngā Inenga Kounga Pai Rawa, Pūmau hoki:Ko te tikanga, mā te whakahaere tonu i te matotoru ka taea e ngā whare whakarewa te whakaputa i ngā anga e tutuki ai, e hipa atu rānei i ngā whakaritenga tino pakari mōte tika o te āhua, te kounga o te mata, me te mahi ā-mīhini. Mā tēnei kaha ki te whakaputa tonu i ngā whakarewa pono, ka taea te whakahoki, me ngā whakaritenga teitei, ka whakamanahia ngā kiritaki i roto i ngā rāngai nui ki te auaha, me te māia kei te tiakina te tukanga whakarewa e te whakapumautanga kounga e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga.
Te Mita RonaIne Matawai kei te Tukatukae whakarato ana i te hangarau e tika ana hei whakakī i tēnei āputa, e tuku ana i tētahi pūnaha pakari, iti te tiaki,otinga wā-tūturui hangaia mō te taiao kino, whakakoi o te tāke paru.
Hei tātari i te rerekētanga o tō tukanga o nāianei, hei aromatawai i ngā whai wāhitanga tonu mō te whakaiti i ngā hapa, me te mahere i te whakaurunga o te aroturukitanga matotoru tonu ki roto i ngā mahi o tō rūma anga, ka tono mātou ki ō rōpū hangarau me ngā rōpū whakahaere kiaTonoa he Kōrero Hangarau KoreutuMā tēnei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero motuhake ka whakaratohia he rautaki taipitopito, e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga, kua whakaritea hei whakamahi i te pūnaha Lonnmeter mō ngā hua kounga me te whai hua tonu.
