Te Ine i te Kiato o te Pia i roto i te Tukanga Hanga Pia Ahumahi
Tete tukanga hanga pia ahumahikua whanake mai i tētahi toi e rukuhia ana ki ngā tikanga tuku iho ki tētahi pūtaiao matatau, e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga. Kei te ngako o tēnei panonitanga ko te ine i te mātotoru, he inenga takitahi e mahi ana hei reo whānui mō te ine i ngā huringa nui e puta mai ana i te witi ki te karāhe.
Te ine i te mātotoru ā-rotoe tuku ana i te tawhā tino nui hei whakarite i te ōritetanga me te kounga o te hua puta noa i ngā wāhanga katoa. Ko ngā otinga aunoatanga ahumahi B2B, e whakatairanga ana i te whai huatanga utu, te tere o te whakatinanatanga, te hototahi teitei, me te iti o te tiaki, kei te tū motuhake ki te aro atu ki ngā wero ā-roto o te taiao pia, pēnei ite pāmahana teitei, te pōuriuri, ngā mirumiru CO2, me ngā huringa ngawari.
Te Hanga Pia HouTauira
Tete tukanga hanga piaHe tukanga mahi matū koiora me te hangarau matatini, he maha ngā wāhanga, engari ko te pupuri i te ōritetanga he wero tonu mō ngā whare hanga pia arumoni. Ko ngā kai matua e whā—ngā witi, te wai, te hōpī, me te rewena—ka hurihia mā roto i tētahi raupapa o ngā tauhohenga uaua, ia mea he pānga nui ki te reka, te kakara, me te tinana o te hua whakamutunga. Ko te mea nui ki te whakatere i tēnei uauatanga kei roto i te whakahaere tukanga tika, ā, kāore he taurangi kotahi e tohu ana i te ahunga whakamua me te kounga o te pia i tōna matotoru.
Ko te mātotoru he ine tika i te kukū o ngā matū totoka rewa, ko te huka te nuinga, i roto i te wai. Ko te whāinga o tēnei pūrongo he hono i te rerekētanga i waenga i te tohungatanga hanga pia tuku iho me ngā taputapu hou, e whakaatu ana me pēhea te hurihanga o te aunoatanga atamai i tētahi waka tawhito hei mahi tino whai hua, ā-pākihi hoki. Mā te whakaaro ki te mātotoru hei tohu mahi matua (KPI) nui, ka taea e ngā whare hanga pia te neke atu i ngā tikanga tuku iho, kore haere tonu, me te awhi i tētahi tauira hou o te whakahaere matatau, e whakahaerehia ana e ngā raraunga.
He Tirohanga Taipitopito mō te Tukanga Hanga Pia
Tete tukanga hanga pia arumonika taea te wāwāhi ki tētahi raupapa o ngā wāhanga nui, ia wāhanga e hangai ana ki te wāhanga whakamutunga hei waihanga i tētahi hua whakamutunga he rite te kounga me te āhua.
Te Mira me te Kuku
Tete tukanga hanga piaka tīmata mā te whakarite i ngā witi kua whakamā, ka mirahia tuatahitia hei pakaru i ngā kiri, kia kitea ai ngā māngaro i roto i te kākano. Whai muri i tēnei ko te kuru, te wāhi e whakaranua ai te witi kua mira, te "grist" rānei, ki te wai wera (e mōhiotia ana ko te liquor) i roto i tētahi oko nui e kiia nei ko te mash tun.10 Ko te kuru ko te hurihanga whākōkī o ngā māngaro ki ngā huka ka taea te whakapūkara, he tukanga e mōhiotia ana ko te saccharification. Ko te pāmahana o te kuru he pūwāhi whakahaere nui, e puritia ana i waenga i te 60–70°C (140–158°F). Mā tēnei awhe pāmahana e whakatau te kōtaha huka whakamutunga o tewort, he pānga tika ki te reka, te tinana, me te āhua o te waha o te pia kua oti. Mā te iti o te rerekētanga o te pāmahana kuru ka pā kino ki te hua whakamutunga, kāore i te whakaarohia, e whakaatu ana i te hiahia kia aroturukitia i te wā tonu.
Te Whakanui me te Whakaiti
Whai muri i te penupenu, te wai huka, te wai rāneiwort, me wehea mai i te witi kua pau i roto i tētahi tukanga e kiia nei ko te lautering. He taahiraa aro-wā tēnei, e mahia ana i roto i tētahi tātari lauter tun, tātari mash rānei. Ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te mash ki te 75–78°C (167–172°F), he tukanga e mōhiotia ana ko te mashout, hei whakakore i ngā whākōkī me te whakaiti i te matotoru o te wort, e āwhina ana i te tukanga wehenga. He maha ngā wā ka tauhiuhia he wai wera tāpiri, he wai sparge rānei, ki runga i te moenga witi hei horoi i ngā huka e toe ana.
Te Kohua me te Whakamatao
Kātahi ka whakawhitia te wort kua kohia ki roto i te kettle, te "parahi" rānei, ka kohuatia kia kaha, he wā e 60 ki te 120 meneti te roa. He mea nui tēnei wā mō ētahi take: ka whakahoromata i te wort, ka whakaputa i ngā pūmua ka puta ai te kohu, ā, ko te mea nui, ka whakawehewehe i ngā waikawa alpha mai i ngā hops, ka puta ai te kawa. Ko te wā o te tāpiri hop i te wā e kohuatia ana ka whakatau i te kawa, te reka, me te kakara o te pia. Ko te kohua hoki te wā whakamutunga ki te whakatakoto i tete kaha ā-papatipu taketake (OG), i te mea ka whakakīkīhia te wort mā te mimiti i te wai. Whai muri i te kohua, ka tere te whakamatao i te wort mā te whakawhiti wera ki te pāmahana e tika ana mō te whakapūkara, he taahiraa nui hei ārai i te poke mai i te rewena mohoao, i te huakita rānei.
Te Whakapūtanga, te Whakamatao me te Whakahauora
Ka whakawhitia te wort kua whakamatao ki tētahi oko whakapūkara, ka "whakatōngia" te rewena, ka tāpirihia rānei. Koinei te ngākau koiora o tete tukanga hanga pia, te wāhi e pau ai ngā huka whakapūkara i roto i te wort e te rewena, ka puta he waipiro me te hauhā waro (CO2). Nā tēnei mahi pākia ka puta he huringa nui, ka taea te ine, te ine rānei i te mātotoru o te wai. Whai muri i te whakapūkara tuatahi, ka pāngia te pia e te wā pakari, e whakatikatika rānei, kia puta ai ngā reka, kia mārama ai te wai i mua i te tātari me te tākai.
He pātai āu mō te arotau i ngā tukanga whakaputa?
Te Tūranga Hiranga o te Ine i te Kiato
Ko te matotoru te taurangi matua me te tohu mahi matua (KPI) puta noa i te katoate tukanga hanga piaKoinei te reo whānui e whakamahia ana hei aroturuki me te whakahaere i te huringa o ngā kai mata ki te hua kua oti.
Te Tautuhi i te Kiato me ngā Inenga e Pā Ana
I roto i te mahi pia, ka whakaatuhia te mātotorutanga mā te whakamahi i te Taumaha Motuhake (SG), Plato (°P), Brix rānei (°Bx). Ko te taumaha motuhake o te wai parakore he 1.000. Mā ngā huka me ētahi atu matū rewa mai i te penupenu ka whakanui ake i te mātotorutanga o te wort, ka nui ake te pānui SG, i te nuinga o te wā kei waenganui i te 1.030 ki te 1.070. I te wā whakapūtanga, i te mea ka hurihia e te rewena ēnei huka hei waipiro me te CO2, ka heke te mātotorutanga nā te mea he iti ake te mātotorutanga o te waipiro i te huka. Ka āta aroturukihia tēnei hekenga o te mātotorutanga hei aroturuki i te ahunga whakamua o te whakapūtanga.
Ko te uara o te ine i te mātotorutanga he mea nui atu i te aroturuki noa. Koinei te pūtake mō te tatau i ngā tawhā tino nui e rua i roto i te mahi pia:
Te Āhuatanga Taketake (OG):Ko te ine matotoru i tangohia i mua i te whakatōnga o te rewena. Ko te OG he ine i te katoa o ngā huka ka taea te whakatō, ā, he tawhā matua mō te hoahoa tunu kai me te whakahaere kounga.
Te Taumaha Whakamutunga (FG):Ko te pānui mātotoru pumau i tangohia i muri i te otinga o te whakapūtanga. Ko te FG e tohu ana i te nui o ngā huka toenga, kāore i whakapūtangahia i roto i te pia.
Te Tātaitanga o te Waipiro mā te Rōrahi (ABV):Ko te rerekētanga tuturu i waenga i te OG me te FG ka whakamahia hei tatau tika i te nui o te waipiro whakamutunga o te pia. He mea nui tēnei mō te tapanga, te tutuki i ngā ture, me te pupuri i te ōritetanga o te hua puta noa i ngā puranga.
Te Whanaketanga o te Ine: Mai i te Tauhohenga ki te Matatau
Ko te whakawhiti mai i te ine ā-ringa, motuhake ki te ine tonu, aunoa, he panonitanga nui tēnei i roto i te whakahaere pia. Ko ngā tikanga tuku iho, pērā i te whakamahi i te karāheine waihe nui te wā, he nui hoki te mahi e pau ana i te whakamahi i te refractometer. Me tango ā-tinana e te kaiwhakahaere whakangungu ia tauira te wai mai i te tāke, he tukanga e mōrearea ai te poke o te puranga. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaratohia e ēnei tikanga he tirohanga pūmau noa iho i te wā, ka waiho ngā wā nui i waenga i ngā inenga kāore e aroturukitia.
Mā ngā pūoko aunoa, ā-roto, ka whakaratohia he rerenga raraunga tonu, ka hangaia he "tohu matimati" teitei o te tukanga katoa. Mā tēnei aroturuki tonu ka taea te whakarerekē i te wā tūturu me te kite wawe i ngā hapa, ka ārai i ngā hapa puranga utu nui i mua i te puta. Mā tēnei āheinga ka nekehia te kaihanga pia mai i te aratau tauhohe, te wāhi e kitea ai ngā raruraru i muri i te meka, ki te aratau matapae, ka taea te ārai i aua raruraru. Hei tauira, mā te aroturuki i te tere o te huringa mātotoru i te wā whakapūtanga, ka taea e te kaihanga pia te kite i te "whakapūtanga piri" ka uru atu tonu, kia kore ai e pakaru te puranga.
Te Tātari i te Ine i te Kiato me ngā Wero
He rerekē rawa ngā whakaritenga hangarau o te ine kiato puta noa i ia wāhanga o tete tukanga hanga piaKāore e taea te whakamahi i tētahi otinga taputapu kotahi te rahi mō te katoa, nā te mea he huinga wero motuhake kei ia taiao me wikitoria kia tika ai, kia pono ai hoki te kohikohinga raraunga.
Te Tunutunu me te Whakakī
I te wā e kuru ana, ka aroturukihia e te ine matotoru te whai huatanga o te huringa whākōkī me te hua katoa o te tango mai i ngā witi. Ko ngā wero matua i tēnei wāhanga ko tepāmahana teitei(tae atu ki te 78°C) me te aroaro opōuriurime ngā totoka iri. Ko ngā taputapu tuku iho pēnei i ngā hydrometer, kua whakatikatikaina ki tētahi pāmahana motuhake, he iti iho, ka puta he pānui hē i roto i tēnei taiao wera. Ka taea hoki e ngā matūriki witi me ngā totoka iri te whakararuraru i ngā pānui, ā, ka kino pea ngā taputapu tairongo.
Te koropupū
Ko te ine i te matotoru i te wā e kohuatia ana ka whakamahia hei manatoko i te kaha o te wai i mua i te kohua me te whakarite i te rōrahi o te wort kia pā ki te ūnga.Te Kaha Taketake. Kei roto i tēnei wāhanga te wero o ngā pāmahana tino tiketike me te noho mai o te mamaoa kohua, ka pā kino atu pea ki te mahi me te roa o te pūoko.
Te whakapūkara
Koinei te wāhanga tino nui mō te aroturuki i te mātotorutanga. Ka whakamahia hei aroturuki i te huringa huka, hei aroturuki i te hauora o te rewena, me te tohu i te wā tika e oti ai te whakapūtanga. Heoi, koinei anō te taiao tino uaua mō te ine. Ko te kaha o te mahi a te rewena ka hua ake he kukū teitei oNgā mirumiru CO2, ka taea e tēnei te whakararuraru nui i ngā pānui a te pūoko, ā, ka hua ake he raraunga hē. Hei tāpiri, ko te rere o te rewena me ngā huringa tere o te mātotoru me whai taputapu he tere urupare teitei, me te kaha ki te tu atu i tētahi taiao hihiri, whai matūriki.
Te Whakamaotanga me te Tātaritanga
Whai muri i te whakapūtanga, me manatoko te matotoru o te pia hei whakaū i teTe Taumaha Whakamutunga (FG)kua tutuki te whāinga. I te wā e pakari ana, me te wāhanga tākai whakamutunga, ka uaua te ine i te mātotorutanga o te CO2 mō te whakapūnga waro, nā te mea ka whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te wai. Me whakamahi taputapu tino tika mō tēnei wāhanga, ka taea te kite i ngā huringa mātotoru ngawari, me te wehewehe i aua huringa mai i ngā pānga o te CO2 rewa.
Ko ngā wero ā-roto o ia wāhanga hanga pia e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mō ngā hangarau pūoko kua hangaia motuhake hei whakahaere i ō rātou āhuatanga tukanga ahurei. Ko te taputapu e mahi pai ana i roto i te taiao mārama, matao o te tāke kanapa, tērā pea kāore e tino pono i roto i te taiao wera, pōrearea, me te pōuri o te pūmua. Nā tēnei ka puta he hiahia mārama ki te mākete mō ngā taputapu pakari, tino pono, kua hangaia me te whai whakaaro ki ēnei wero motuhake.
Ako atu mō ētahi atu mita mātotoru
Ētahi atu Mita Tukanga Ipurangi
Tātaritanga Whakataurite o ngā Hangarau Pūoko Kiato
Te kōwhiringa o tētahimita mātotoru o te whare piaHe whakatau rautaki tēnei e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tauine, te tahua, me ngā wero o te tukanga pia. He mea nui te māramatanga taipitopito ki ngā hangarau maha e wātea ana hei whakatau whai whakaaro.
Ngā Tikanga Tuku Iho
Ko ngā taonga puoro tuku iho tino rongonui ko teine waime te refractometer. He iti te utu o ēnei, ā, he ngāwari hoki te whakamahi mō ngā mahi iti. Heoi, he iti noa iho ēnei i roto i te horopaki arumoni. Me whakamahi ā-ringa, ā-tuwhera, he mea e pau ana te wā, ā, he ngāwari ki te hapa tangata. Hei tāpiri, kāore e pai mō te ine tonu, ā-roto, me teine waikua whakatikatikaina mō tētahi pāmahana motuhake, ā, kāore e pai mō te whakamahi i roto i te wort wera.
Ngā Pūoko Ā-Rārangi Hou
He whakahoutanga nui tā ngā pūoko ā-roto hou, e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga tonu, ā-tūturu mai i te awa tukanga.
Ngā Mita Kiato Marau Wiriwiri
Ka whakamahia e tēnei hangarau he pūorooro rua-poro e wiri ana i tētahi auau pūorooro motuhake. I te huringa o te mātotoru o te wai e karapoti ana, ka whakarerekētia te kawenga papatipu i runga i ngā poro, ka huri ai te auau wiri. Kātahi ka honoa e te mita tēnei nekehanga auau ki tētahi uara mātotoru. Ko ngā mita marau wiri he pakari te nuinga, kāore he wāhanga e neke ana, ā, he iti ake te utu i ētahi atu hangarau matatau. Heoi, ka taea e rātou te aro ki ngā mea e mau ana.Ngā mirumiru CO2, ka taea e tēnei te whakararuraru i te wiri, ā, ka hua ake he pānui hē.
Ngā Mita Rere Papatipu Coriolis
Ka whakamahia e ēnei mita te pānga Coriolis hei ine i te rere me te mātotorutanga o te papatipu tūturu. Ka whakamahia he ngongo wiri hei ine i te nui o te takahuri a te wai i te ngongo i a ia e rere ana. E pā tika ana te auau o te wiri ki te mātotorutanga o te wai. He tino tika ngā mita Coriolis, ā, ka taea te ine i ngā taurangi rua (rere papatipu me te mātotorutanga) i te wā kotahi. He tino pono ēnei mita, ā, kāore e tino pāngia e ngā mirumiru. Ko tō rātou ngoikoretanga matua ko te utu nui o mua, he mea pea he nui rawa atu mō ngā mahi iti ake.
Ngā Mita Kiato Ultrasonic
Ka whakatauhia e tēnei hangarau te mātotoru mā te ine i te tere o te oro i roto i te wai. Ko te tere o te oro i roto i tētahi reo he pānga o tōna mātotoru me te pāmahana. Ko ngā mita orooro, pērā i teIne Matotoru Pia Lonnmeter, he huinga painga ahurei kei a rātou e tino pai ai mō te mahi pia. Kāore he matū karihi, kāore he wāhanga neke, ā, kāore e pāngia e te kawe hiko, te tae, te māramatanga rānei o te wai. He painga nui tēnei i roto i te mahi pia, ina pōuri, ka kapua hoki te wort. Ko te hangarau auau teitei motuhake e whakamahia ana e teMita Rona alkātahitawhitoensitēnā koetermō te bpū ka whakarei ake i te pono o te ine, ahakoa i roto i ngā wai he nui te kukū o ngā mirumiru hau, he wero nui i te wā whakapūkara.
Ripanga 1: Tātaritanga Whakataurite o ngā Hangarau Pūoko Kiato
| Hangarau | Kaupapa | Utu (Whārite) | Te tika | Te Whai Hua mō ngā Mirumiru/Te Pōuriuri | Taupānga Pai rawa atu |
| Ine wai | Pupuhi | Tino Iti | Iti | Korekore (ngā mirumiru, ngā matūriki) | Te Hanga Pia Iti/Kāinga |
| Marau Wiriwiri | Auautanga Āhuarangi | Waenga | Teitei | Āhua pai (ka pāngia pea e ngā mirumiru) | Mana Tukanga Whānui |
| Mita Coriolis | Pānga Coriolis | Tino Teitei | Tino pai | Tino pai | Ngā Tukanga Tino Tika/Hiranga |
| Mita Ultrasonic | Te Tere o te Oro | Iti ki te Waenga | Teitei | Tino pai (kāore e pāngia e ngā mirumiru, te tae, te pōuri) | Ngā Wāhanga Hanga Pia Katoa, inā koa te Whakapūtanga |
Ngā hangarau pēnei i teIne Matotoru Pia Lonnmeter, e whakamahi ana i ngā mātāpono ultrasonic pakari me te pono, he tino pai ki te wikitoria i ngā wero ahurei o te taiao hanga pia, mai i te pāmahana teitei o te penupenu ki te nui o te CO2 o te whakapūtanga.
Mō ngā whare hanga pia me ngā kaiwhakauru, ko te taunakitanga rautaki kia whakatairangahia te whakamahi i te ine i te kiato tonu, ā-roto. Ko te haumitanga tuatahi ki tētahi umanga matataumita matotoru mō te piaka tere te whakakorengia e ngā painga kitea o te whakaiti i te mahi, te whakapai ake i te ōritetanga o te hua, te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te puranga, me te whai i te kounga katoa. Ehara i te mea ka tiakina noa e tēnei huarahi te pono o ia pia engari ka whakaratohia hoki ngā raraunga taketake e tika ana mō te whakapai tonu i ngā tukanga. Ehara i te mea ngaro te heke mai o te pia; he tukanga e whakahaerehia ana e ngā raraunga, e tino whakahaerehia ana mai i te molt ki te hua kua oti. Tikina tētahi ka whakamātauria inaianei tonu.
