Ịghọta Anodizing Sulfuric Acid nke Profaịlụ Aluminom
Usoro anodizing nke sulfuric acid bụ usoro dị mkpa maka nhazi elu nke profaịlụ aluminom, nke a na-adabere na ya nke ukwuu iji melite iguzogide nchara, mee ka ike elu dịkwuo elu, ma nye ohere ka aluminom rụọ ọrụ nke ọma site na ịcha agba ma ọ bụ mechie. Usoro a na-arụ ọrụ site n'itinye profaịlụ aluminom n'ime bat anodizing nwere sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) dị ka electrolyte. A na-etinye isi iyi ike DC mpụga, yana aluminom na-eje ozi dị ka anode na ihe dị ka ndu ma ọ bụ aluminom dị ka kathode.
Mmeghachi omume Electrochemical na Nhazi Ihe Nkiri Oxide
Usoro anodize nke sulfuric acid na-emepụta oyi akwa aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) site na oxidation electrochemical controlled. Na anode, elu aluminum na-emeghachi omume dịka mmeghachi omume dị mfe si dị:
2 Al (s) + 3 H₂O (l) → Al₂O₃ (s) + 6 H⁺ (aq) + 6 e⁻
Nke a na-emepụta ihe nkiri oxide nwere nhazi abụọ. Nke mbụ, ihe mkpuchi mgbochi na-abụghị oghere, dị gịrịgịrị na-etolite ozugbo na metal aluminum, na-enye ihe onwunwe dielectric na nchebe mbụ nke nchara. Ka anodizing na-aga n'ihu, oyi akwa oxide dị arọ, nke nwere oghere na-apụta n'èzí, nke a na-amata site na ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ hexagonal na oghere kwụ ọtọ. A na-emepụta oghere ndị a n'ihi mgbasa na-aga n'ihu, nke ihe nkiri oxide ahụ site na electrolyte sulfuric acid na ntọala nke oghere ọ bụla, nke na-ejikọta ya na uto oxide na-aga n'ihu nke evolushọn oxygen na mbugharị ion na njikọ metal/oxide na-akpali. Geometry nke akwa abụọ a dị mkpa maka nnabata agba dị irè, mkpuchi, na ogologo oge ka mma nke profaịlụ aluminum anodized.
Anodizing Aluminom - Mmecha Elu Elu nke Metal
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Mkpa nke Anodizing Kemistri Bath na Njikwa Ntinye Uche
Arụmọrụ na arụmọrụ nke usoro anodizing acid sulfuric maka aluminom nwere njikọ chiri anya na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke bath anodizing, ọkachasị sulfuric acid na mkpokọta aluminom agbazere agbaze. Ijikwa paramita ndị a dị oke mkpa maka imepụta ihe nkiri oxide na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke nwere oke ọkpụrụkpụ, ike, na iguzogide nchara.
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Anodizing Bath Concentration na Njirimara Ihe nkiri Oxide
Ọnụọgụ asịd sulfuric dị n'ime bat anodizing na-ekpebi kpọmkwem ọkpụrụkpụ ihe nkiri aluminom oxide. Na obere mkpokọta asịd sulfuric (n'okpuru 10 wt%), ọnụego uto oyi akwa oxide gafere mgbasa kemịkalụ ya, na-enye ohere ka e nwee akwa oxide aluminom dị arọ karịa, nke yiri ibe ya. Ka ntinye asịd na-abawanye ruo na ụkpụrụ usoro nkịtị (10-20 wt%), ọkpụrụkpụ ihe nkiri oxide na-ebelata n'ihi na mmetụta mgbaze nke asịd ahụ na-apụta ìhè karịa, na-eru nguzozi ebe uto na mgbaze dị mma. Karịrị 20 wt%, mgbaze kemịkalụ na-eme ngwa ngwa - na-ebute ọbụna fim dị gịrịgịrị na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọkpọkọ fim ma ọ bụ ntụpọ nhazi.
Mgbanwe dị na ntinye mmiri ịsa ahụ na-emetụtakwa nhazi na porosity nke oyi akwa oxide. Njupụta dị ala na-emepụta obere oyi akwa nwere obere pores, nke a haziri nke ọma na elu dị nro - nke bụ isi ihe na-eme ka mkpuchi eletriki dị elu na ihe mgbochi dị. Njupụta sulfuric acid nkịtị na-emepụta usoro poros nkịtị dị mkpa maka nnabata agba na mkpuchi ọzọ. Agbanyeghị, ọkwa acid dị elu na-emepụta pores buru ibu, nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na mmụba nke elu, na-emebi otu ihe nkiri na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke igwe.
Aluminom agbazere agbaze, ihe na-esi na anodizing na-aga n'ihu apụta, na-agbanwe kemịkalụ ịsa ahụ ka oge na-aga. Oke aluminom dị elu nwere ike igbochi uto oxide, belata ọkpụrụkpụ ihe nkiri, ma metụta nhazi oghere. Ya mere, njikwa siri ike na iwepụ aluminom agbazere agbaze n'oge dị mkpa maka nhazi usoro.
Mmetụta na Ike Ihe nkiri Anodic Oxide na Nguzogide Nrụgide
Ike siri ike nke ihe nkiri Anodic oxide na iguzogide nchara na-ejikọ kpọmkwem na kemịkalụ ịsa ahụ. Oke kachasị mma nke asịd sulfuric (nke na-abụkarị 10-20 wt%) na-akwalite ihe nkiri nwere porosity kwesịrị ekwesị na mgbidi sel siri ike, nke siri ike, na-eme ka ike igwe dịkwuo elu ma na-enye nnukwu iguzogide nchara. Oke kachasị mma (ma ọ bụ nke dị ala ma ọ bụ nke dị oke elu) na-eduga na oke porosity nke ihe nkiri, nhazi adịghị ike, na mmụba nke ọnụego ntụpọ, ihe niile na-emebi ike ma na-ekwe ka ihe mgbochi siri ike ma ọ bụ ihe na-emerụ ahụ banye n'ime mkpuchi ahụ, na-ebelata nchedo nchara.
Maka ngwa ndị chọrọ oxidation nke aluminom anodic na-adịgide adịgide, dịka ihe owuwu ụlọ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe, iji nlezianya tụọ ya - site na iji mita nchekwa sulfuric acid a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi dị ka Lonnmeter - na mgbanwe nke ọkwa sulfuric acid na aluminom dị mkpa iji nọgide na-enwe njirimara elu a na-achọsi ike.
Nsonaazụ nke ihe mejupụtara ịsa ahụ na-enweghị nhazi
Ọ bụrụ na kemịkalụ anodizing bat ekewapụ na oke akwadoro, ọtụtụ nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma ga-apụta:
- Arụmọrụ anodizing adịghị mma:Nnukwu acid sulfuric ma ọ bụ aluminom nwere ike ime ka mmepụta nke ihe nkiri aluminom oxide ghara ịdị irè nke ukwuu, na-akpata oxidation na-adịghị mma na enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na usoro anodizing sulfuric acid.
- Mbelata ike na arụmọrụ na-adịghị mma nke ihe nkiri ahụ:Oke acid ma ọ bụ metal na-eme ka ihe nkiri anodic ndị na-adịghị ike, nke na-agbanwe agbanwe, nwee ike ịgbawa, na-ebelata ike iyi. Adịghị ike ndị a na-ebelata ndụ na ntụkwasị obi nke akụkụ ụfọdụ kpọmkwem, nke dị oke mkpa na ọgwụgwọ elu aluminom na-eguzogide nchara.
Iji hụ na uru niile dị na anodizing aluminom na sulfuric acid—oke ọkpụrụkpụ ihe nkiri aluminom oxide, ime ka ihe nkiri anodic oxide sie ike, na oke iguzogide nchara ihe nkiri oxide—na-aga n'ihunha ntinye nke sọlfọm acidn'ime bat anodizing na iji nlezianya achịkwa aluminom agbazere agbaze dị oke mkpa. Usoro a na-egbochi mfu arụmọrụ ma na-akwado ụkpụrụ dị elu na usoro anodizing aluminom maka iguzogide nchara na mmecha elu siri ike.
Ụzọ maka nha ntinye H2SO4 na ụlọ ịsa ahụ Anodizing
Ntụle mkpokọta sulfuric acid dị oke mkpa maka njikwa usoro anodizing sulfuric acid dị irè. Ntụle zuru oke nke anodizing bat na-eme ka ọkpụrụkpụ ihe nkiri aluminom oxide na-adịgide adịgide yana nchekwa nchara aluminom anodized a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.
Ụzọ Ntinye Aka: Usoro na Nkọwa Bara Uru
Ntinye nke sodium hydroxidebụ ụzọ kemịkalụ dị mkpa maka ịchọpụta acid sulfuric n'ime bat anodizing. Usoro bụ isi gụnyere:
Nchịkọta na Nkwadebe Ihe Nlereanya:
Jiri iko dị ọcha ma kpọọ nkụ chịkọta ihe nlele ịsa ahụ. Nyocha ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa iji wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị mkpa. Gwakọta ya na mmiri a gwakọtara agwakọta iji mee ka acid sie ike.
Ngwa na Kemịkalụ achọrọ:
- Ngwọta sodium hydroxide (NaOH) a na-ahazi nke ọma: nke a na-ahụkarị bụ 0.1 N ma ọ bụ 0.5 N
- Ihe ngosi: methyl oroma maka ịsa ahụ agba/adịghị ọcha (njedebe na pH ≈ 4.2); phenolphthalein maka ịsa ahụ doro anya (njedebe na pH ≈ 8.2–10)
- Burette, pipette, karama kọnịk, iko volumetric a na-agbanwe agbanwe
Usoro nhazi:
- Tinye olu ihe nlele a maara (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 10 mL) n'ime karama
- Tinye ntapụ 2-3 nke ihe ngosi
- Jupụta burette ahụ na NaOH, dekọọ olu mmalite ya
- Titrated sample, na-agbagharị mgbe niile, na-ahụ mgbanwe agba ihe ngosi
- Methyl oroma na-agbanwe site na ọbara ọbara gaa na odo na njedebe; phenolphthalein site na enweghị agba gaa na pink
- Dekọọ olu NaOH ejiri
Ihe ịma aka dị na Nnwale aka na Ndabere Nsonaazụ:
Nnwale aka na-ewebata mgbanwe dị iche iche. Nhicha na-ezighi ezi nwere ike imerụ ihe nlele, na-ebute ịgụ ihe na-ezighi ezi. Baths anodize nwere agba dị elu ma ọ bụ nke ruru unyi na-eme ka nlele njedebe sie ike. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú a, titration potentiometric (iji mita pH) nwere ike ime ka izi ezi dịkwuo mma. Titration efu dị mkpa iji chọpụta ihe ndị na-adịghị mma nke reagent. Enwere ike ikpuchi ọdịdị nke njedebe n'ime baths nwere ọla, agba, ma ọ bụ sludge, na-emetụta ọgwụgwọ elu nke profaịlụ aluminom na iguzogide corrosion film oxide. Burettes akpaaka na ọdụ titration ọgbara ọhụrụ (dijitalụ ma ọ bụ potentiometric) na-akawanye mma maka nsonaazụ a na-emegharị na ọrụ mmepụta dị elu.
N'ịntanetịMita Ntinye Uche H2SO4 Akpaka
Mịnịstrị ngụkọta acid sulfuric dị n'ịntanetị—dịka ndị sitere na Lonnmeter—na-eme ka nlekota na-aga n'ihu n'ime ebe a na-asa ahụ anodizing na-aga n'ihu. Ngwaọrụ ndị a na-atụ kpọmkwem ọkwa H₂SO₄ n'ime bat ahụ, na-ewepụ njehie na igbu oge nlele.
Otu Nha In-Situ Si Eme Ka Nhazi Usoro Dị Mma:
Data oge a na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere idobe paramita usoro anodizing sulfuric acid n'ime oke kachasị mma. Nsochi na-aga n'ihu na-egbochi ọdịiche nke nwere ike ibute mgbanwe na ọkpụrụkpụ ihe nkiri aluminom oxide ma ọ bụ ike siri ike nke ihe nkiri anodic oxide. Nke a na-ebelata ihe egwu nke mkpuchi dị nro, nke na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ oxidation siri ike gabiga ókè, na-erite uru na oxidation aluminom anodic na-adịgide adịgide.
Njikọta na Njikwa Usoro Oge na Nzaghachi:
Mita njupụta nke sọlfọric acid nke oge a na-ejikọta ya na sistemụ njikwa osisi. Enwere ike itinye ebe ntọala, na-akpali mgbakwunye asịd akpaka ma ọ bụ ịgbaze mmiri ma ọ bụrụ na ntinye nke anodizing bath agbada. Laps nzaghachi na-eme ka ọnọdụ ọrụ sie ike - isi ihe dị mkpa maka imeziwanye kemịkalụ bat anodizing na imeziwanye nchedo nchara aluminom anodized. Nlekota na-aga n'ihu na-akwado usoro anodizing aluminom maka iguzogide nchara ma na-ahụ na iguzogide nchara ihe nkiri oxide kwụsiri ike.
N'ebe dị oke ibu, nha ntanetị na-eme ka njikwa bat sulfuric acid anodizing sie ike, na-ebelata ntinye aka ma na-akwado ọgwụgwọ elu mgbe niile nke profaịlụ aluminom. Nke a na-eduga n'ịdị mma ngwaahịa na mmụba arụmọrụ.
Nlekota oge nke ihe ndị e ji eme ka mmiri saa Anodizing
Nlekota oge niile nke ịsa ahụ anodizing dị oke mkpa maka ijikwa paramita ndị dị mkpa na usoro anodizing acid sulfuric. Imezu ihe nkiri oxide dị elu chọrọ njikwa ziri ezi na mkpokọta acid sulfuric na aluminom agbazere agbaze.
Usoro Nyocha Na-aga n'ihu maka Sulfuric Acid na Aluminom Agwakọtala
Osisi anodizing nke oge a na-eji ọtụtụ usoro nyocha na-aga n'ihu iji nọgide na-enwe nhazi ịsa ahụ kacha mma:
Ihe mmetụta dị n'ime na nyocha dijitalụ maka nha ntinye uche H2SO4
Ihe mmetụta dị n'ime ahịrị—gụnyere pH dijitalụ na nyocha conductivity—na-enye nzaghachi na-aga n'ihu na mkpokọta H2SO4. Ụfọdụ sistemụ nwere algọridim dị elu na-ejikọta data mgbaàmà ozugbo na ọkwa sulfuric acid. Ngwaọrụ dị ka mita concentration acid sulfuric, gụnyere ngwaahịa Lonnmeter na-enye, bụ maka njikwa bath sulfuric acid anodizing. Enwere ike itinye ha ozugbo na loop ma ọ bụ tank iji mepụta ọgụgụ ozugbo, na-enye data a pụrụ ime maka ndozi bat ma na-ahụ na ha na-agbaso paramita usoro anodizing acid sulfuric.
Ike nchọpụta ngwa ngwa a na-agbatị ruo na aluminom agbazere agbaze. Ihe mmetụta ndị na-eji nha potentiometric na-enyocha ọdịnaya aluminom site na mmeghachi omume electrochemical kpọmkwem nke jikọtara ya na kemịkalụ ịsa ahụ anodizing. Ijikọta nyocha ndị a na sistemụ njikwa osisi na-enye ohere maka nhazi akpaghị aka, na-emetụta kpọmkwem izi ezi na nha nha nke ihe nkiri aluminom oxide.
Uru nke nlekota oge n'oge maka ọrụ ịsa ahụ siri ike
Iji ngwaọrụ nlekota na-aga n'ihu na-enye uru dị mkpa maka usoro sulfuric acid anodize:
Mgbochi nke Ndagharị Paramita
Asịd sulfuric na aluminom agbazere agbaze nwere ike ịkwaga ebe dị iche iche n'èzí n'ihi oriri ma ọ bụ mkpokọta nwayọ nwayọ. Ịtụle mkpokọta sulfuric acid na-aga n'ihu site na iji ihe nyocha ịntanetị ma ọ bụ mita inline na-egbochi ntụgharị dị jụụ, nke ga-emetụta ọkpụrụkpụ na ike nke ihe nkiri anodic oxide. Kemistri ịsa ahụ kwụsiri ike na-eme ka aluminom anodized sie ike ogologo oge na nchedo nchara.
Nchọpụta ozugbo nke ọdịiche ndị na-emetụta usoro Anodizing
N'oge a na-eme ihe, ndị na-enyocha ihe na ihe mmetụta na-achọpụta ihe ọ bụla na-adịghị mma n'ime ịsa ahụ—dịka mbelata na sulfuric acid ma ọ bụ spikes na aluminom agbazere agbaze—nke na-eyi ịdị mma nke ihe nkiri oxide egwu. A na-akpali ịdọ aka ná ntị ozugbo, na-ekwe ka ihe ndozi mee tupu ntụpọ dị oke ọnụ apụta. A na-echekwa otu usoro ọgwụgwọ elu aluminom, na-eme ka nchebe nchara aluminom anodized dịkwuo mma ma na-emepụta nsonaazụ na-aga n'ihu na otu ọ bụla.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na aluminom agbazere agbaze gafere ọkwa akwadoro, oke mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ịkpalite mmụba ma ọ bụ belata iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke ihe owuwu ahụ. Nlekota oge a na-ahụ na mgbanwe ngwa ngwa, na-echebe iguzogide nchara ihe nkiri oxide ma na-akwado mmepụta nke oyi akwa oxidation anodic aluminom na-adịgide adịgide. Nri njikwa akpaaka na-enyere ndị nrụpụta aka imezu ihe achọrọ siri ike maka ọkpụrụkpụ na ike nke ihe nkiri anodic oxide, na-eme ka ọdịdị na arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma ozugbo.
Njikọta oge niile nke ndị na-enyocha titration n'ịntanetị na mita ntinye H2SO4 na-ewepụ enweghị obi ike nke nlele ogbe na nha nkeonwe. Sistemụ siri ike a na-eduga na mmụba a na-ahụ anya na njikwa ntinye nke anodizing bath, arụmọrụ oriri kemịkalụ, na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa n'oge usoro anodizing aluminom maka iguzogide nchara.
Ijikọta Mita Mkpokọta Sulfuric Acid na Ọrụ Anodizing
Usoro maka ịhọrọ mita nchịkọta Sulfuric Acid
Usoro anodizing nke sulfuric acid dabere na njikwa ziri ezi nke mkpokọta H₂SO₄. Nhọrọ nke mita ntinye nke sulfuric acid gụnyere inyocha ihe atọ dị mkpa nke ọma: izi ezi, ndakọrịta, na ihe achọrọ maka mmezi.
Izi ezidị oke mkpa. Bath anodizing na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ime 150–220 g/L H₂SO₄, ihe ndị dị na fim oxide—dịka ọkpụrụkpụ, iguzogide nchara, na ike—na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọdịiche dị na mkpokọta acid. Mita kwesịrị iru izi ezi kacha nta nke ±2–4 g/L maka ọrụ nkịtị. Maka usoro dị elu, ọkachasị na nhazi elu ikuku ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ elu nke profaịlụ aluminom, chọọ ngwaọrụ ma ọ bụ usoro nwere ike idobe njikwa ±1–2 g/L. Mita dabere na conductivity bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, mana ha na-aghọ ihe a na-apụghị ịtụkwasị obi ka aluminom na-agbakọta; mita njupụta (hydrometer) na ụzọ ntụaka dabere na titration na-enye nkenke ka mma na ngwa dị oke mkpa.
Ndakọrịta na gburugburu ebe ọrụ kpọmkwemdị oke mkpa. Igwe a ga-anagide ọnọdụ kemịkalụ nke bat anodizing, gụnyere nnukwu acidity na oke ion aluminom. Ngwaọrụ kwesịrị ịdị na sistemụ nkwụghachi okpomọkụ, ebe ọ bụ na mgbanwe okpomọkụ bat nke 2–3°C nwere ike ibute njehie nha gafere 5 g/L ma ọ bụrụ na emezighị ya. Mita ndị na-enweghị ike ịkwụghachi okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ aluminom agbazere nwere ike ibute njirimara ihe nkiri anodic oxide na-adịghị mma na iguzogide nchara a na-atụghị anya ya.
Ihe gbasara mmezigụnyere ịdị mfe nke nhicha, iguzogide mmetọ ihe mmetụta, na nnweta usoro nhazi siri ike. Maka nlekota n'ịntanetị, họrọ mita nwere atụmatụ nhicha akpaka ma ọ bụ nhazigharị iji belata mbugharị. Sistemụ aka, dị ka hydrometers, chọrọ ịsacha mgbe niile na mmiri deionized iji gbochie mkpụkọ ihe fọdụrụ. Nye mita ndị nwere ndekọ egwu maka sensọ ogologo ndụ na ohere dị njikere ịnweta akụkụ ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro Lonnmeter na-enye nha oge n'ezie ma emebere ya maka kemịkalụ usoro siri ike.
Njikọta na Sistemụ Njikwa Usoro Dị Aa ga-enyocha ya. Ahịrị usoro anodize sulfuric acid nke oge a na-erite uru site na mita ndị nwere ike ijikọ na ndị njikwa dijitalụ, PLCs, ma ọ bụ sistemụ SCADA. Chọọ ngwaọrụ ndị na-enye usoro mmepụta ọkọlọtọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 4-20 mA ma ọ bụ Modbus) maka nlekota na njikwa paramita ịsa ahụ sulfuric acid anodizing na-enweghị nsogbu. Njikọ a na-enye ohere maka mgbanwe dose akpaka iji nọgide na-enwe njupụta bat anodizing kacha mma ma hụ na mmepụta a na-emegharị nke ihe nkiri aluminom oxide nwere ọkpụrụkpụ ebumnuche na iguzogide nchara.
Ndụmọdụ maka Oge Nhazi na Njikwa Ogo Omume Kachasị Mma
Nnwale ntinye nke sọlfọric acid dị elu chọrọ usoro nhazi siri ike na njikwa. Omume kacha mma gụnyere:
- Oge nhazi:A ga-ahazi mita conductivity na njupụta site na titration ụlọ nyocha ma ọ dịkarịa ala kwa izu n'okpuru ibu mmepụta nkịtị. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nso oke usoro ma ọ bụ mgbe mgbanwe bat na-eme ugboro ugboro, a na-atụ aro nhazi kwa ụbọchị. Usoro nhazi kwesịrị ịkọwa mmụba nke aluminom agbazere agbaze na bat ahụ, nke na-emetụta ọgụgụ sensọ.
- Nkwenye zuru oke:Jiri titratọ akpaka dịka ọkọlọtọ ọla edo iji tụnyere ma gbanwee ọgụgụ ihe mmetụta dị n'ịntanetị. Na-elele nsonaazụ site na mita ntanetị site na titraịn aka iji chọpụta ntụgharị mmiri, ọkachasị mgbe mmezi ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ ihe mejupụtara aluminom gafere 15–20 g/L.
- Njikwa Ogo:Mee nyocha nyocha kwa ụbọchị ma ọ bụ kwa ọrụ - nyocha ihe nlele ebe, nyocha ahụike sensọ, na nyocha nke ndekọ okpomọkụ bat. Detuo ihe niile e mere maka nhazi na nsonaazụ nnwale maka ịchọpụta ihe dị na ya. Gbaa mbọ hụ na mita niile na-arụ ọrụ n'ime oke akọwapụtara ha na izi ezi ha n'okpuru ọnọdụ usoro n'ezie.
Aluminom Anodizing
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Nzọụkwụ Maka Mmezu Ọgwụgwọ Elu Elu nke Profaịlụ Aluminom
Ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo: Ịsacha na Ịkpụcha ihe maka nsonaazụ Anodizing otu otu
Ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ elu dị elu nke profaịlụ aluminom n'ime usoro anodizing sulfuric acid. Usoro a na-amalite site na nhicha zuru oke (iwepụ mmanụ, mmanụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ). A na-emekarị nke a site na iji ihe nhicha alkaline na 50–70°C maka nkeji 2–10, mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma site na iji ultrasonic arrest maka profaịlụ nwere geometries dị mgbagwoju anya. Ịsacha nke ọma na mmiri e gwepịara egwepịa ma ọ bụ mmiri dị nro na-egbochi mbugharị nke ala ma na-akwadebe elu maka usoro ndị ọzọ.
A na-eji ihe ngwọta sodium hydroxide (NaOH) eme ihe mgbe e tinyere ihe nchacha na 30–100 g/L na 40–60°C, nke na-abụkarị maka nkeji 2–10. Nzọụkwụ a na-ewepụ obere oyi akwa nke aluminom, na-ehichapụ ntụpọ elu, ahịrị extrusion, na ihe nkiri oxide ọ bụla dịbu adị. Njikwa nhazi bat na oge etch na-ezere oke mfu ígwè na ịgbaze, na-eme ka profaịlụ ahụ doo anya. Ihe mgbakwunye dị ka ihe mgbochi nwere ike ibelata mmetụta ndị a na-achọghị dị ka pickup hydrogen. Mgbe e tinyere ihe nchacha, elu aluminom na-anọgide na-ejigide intermetallics na-anaghị agbaze - nke a maara dị ka smut - nke a ga-ewepụ maka nsonaazụ kacha mma.
A na-eji bat nitric ma ọ bụ sulfuric acid eme desmutting (15–25% HNO₃; n'ime ụlọ okpomọkụ maka nkeji 1–3). Enwere ike itinye Ammonium bifluoride maka alloys nwere nnukwu silicon ma ọ bụ ọla kọpa. Nzọụkwụ a na-eme ka elu dị ọcha ma dị otu. Nchacha ikpeazụ dị oke mkpa tupu anodizing iji zere mmetọ nke bat anodizing na-esote.
Nleba anya mgbe niile gbasara ihe mejupụtara bat ahụ, okpomọkụ, na oge usoro dị oke mkpa maka nsonaazụ a na-emegharị emegharị na igbochi ntụpọ elu dị ka strike ma ọ bụ pitting. Ahịrị ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eji ihe mmetụta oge na ihe nhicha mechiri emechi iji mee ka mma dịkwuo mma ma belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi. Ebumnuche kachasị bụ profaịlụ aluminom dị ọcha nke ọma, nke a kpụchara akpụcha nke na-enweghị nsị fọdụrụ ma dị njikere maka usoro anodize sulfuric acid.
Ịme ka Anodizing: Ịnọgide na-enwe Paramita Bath zuru oke n'oge uto ihe nkiri Oxide
Njikwa zuru oke nke ịsa ahụ anodizing dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ihe nkiri aluminum oxide nke nwere ike siri ike na iguzogide nchara. Usoro anodizing sulfuric acid dabere na ịnọgide na-enwe paramita siri ike:
- A ghaghị idobe mkpokọta asịd sulfuric n'ime bat anodizing n'ime oke akọwapụtara, nke na-abụkarị 150–220 g/L. Ntụle ntinye asịd sulfuric na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka a na-edozi mgbanwe ndị na-adịghị mma ozugbo.
- Ngwaọrụ dịka mita ngụkọta acid sulfuric Lonnmeter na-enye nha ngụkọta h2so4 ngwa ngwa na nke a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, na-akwado ma mgbanwe ịsa ahụ aka na nke akpaaka.
- A na-enwekarị okpomọkụ ịsa ahụ n'etiti 18°C na 22°C. Mgbanwe ndị a nwere ike imetụta ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe nkiri aluminom oxide, otu ha si dị, na ọdịdị ha.
- A na-agbanwe njupụta ugbu a, nke na-abụkarị 1–2 A/dm² maka anodizing ọkọlọtọ, dịka ụdị alloy na ọkpụrụkpụ oxide achọrọ si dị.
- Mgbali mmiri ịsa ahụ na-eme ka nkesa ion dị otu ma na-eme ka okpomọkụ gbazee.
Iji nlezianya na-achịkwa bat sulfuric acid anodizing na-eme ka ihe nkiri anodic oxide too nke ọma. Nke a na-enye ohere maka nhazi ziri ezi nke ọkpụrụkpụ ihe nkiri aluminom oxide (ọtụtụ mgbe 5-25 μm maka profaịlụ ụlọ na ruo 70 μm maka anodizing siri ike) ma na-eme ka ike ihe nkiri anodic oxide na iguzogide nchara ihe nkiri oxide dịkwuo elu. Ntụle sulfuric acid n'oge a na-atụ na bat anodizing na-enyekwa aka izere ntụpọ ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọkụ, ihe nkiri dị nro, ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume agba na-adịghị mma, na-eme ka ọtụtụ uru nke anodizing aluminum na sulfuric acid dị.
Nhazi kachasị mma nke ịtinye anodizing n'ime bat dị oke mkpa maka oge mmepụta dị ogologo, ebe ịdọrọ mmiri ịsacha ma ọ bụ mkpokọta ion ígwè nwere ike imebi ma ọ bụ mebie bat ahụ. Mgbanwe kemịkalụ anodizing ngwa ngwa na nke ziri ezi, nke dabere na nha ntinye h2so4 ugboro ugboro, dị oke mkpa iji hụ na mkpuchi oxide dị otu, nke na-adịgide adịgide.
Ọgwụgwọ mgbe emechara: Usoro Mkpuchi Iji Kpochie Ike Ihe Nkiri na Mgbochi Nrụrụ
Mgbe emechara anodization, ọgwụgwọ mkpuchi na-emechi usoro oghere nke oyi akwa aluminom oxide ọhụrụ, na-enye nchebe na-adịgide adịgide megide nchara ma na-eme ka ike nke ihe nkiri anodic oxide dịkwuo elu. Usoro mkpuchi bụ isi maka aluminom anodized gụnyere:
- Mkpuchi mmiri ọkụ: Imikpu n'ime mmiri dị nso na-esi (96–100°C) ruo nkeji 15–30 na-eme ka oxide ahụ dị mmiri mmiri, na-emepụta boehmite kwụsiri ike.
- Mkpuchi Nickel acetate: Site na iji ngwọta nickel acetate na 85–95°C, usoro a na-eme ka iguzogide nchara na nkwụsi ike agba dịkwuo mma, ọkachasị maka mkpuchi agba.
- Mkpuchi oyi: Ọ na-agụnye ihe ndị e ji eme mkpuchi nkeonwe na okpomọkụ dị ala dịka 25–30°C, a na-ahọrọkwa ya maka ịchekwa ike na mmepụta ngwa ngwa.
Nhọrọ nke usoro mkpuchi ahụ dabere na arụmọrụ oxide achọrọ, ebumnuche ọnụ ahịa, na ihe achọrọ iji mechaa. A ga-enyocha usoro ọ bụla nke ọma maka oge, okpomọkụ, na nhazi bat iji hụ na mkpuchi zuru oke. Mkpuchi na-adịghị mma nwere ike ibute mbelata nchebe nchara na mbelata ike fim, na-emebi ma mma na ndụ ọrụ nke profaịlụ aluminom a kpuchiri ekpuchi.
Imeziwanye mma mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị abụghị naanị na ọ na-eme ka nchebe nchara nke anodized aluminom dịkwuo mma kamakwa ọ na-akwado oxidation nke aluminom anodic na-adịgide adịgide maka ngwa ndị siri ike. Nyocha ịsa ahụ mgbe niile na njikwa usoro na-akpali nsonaazụ na-aga n'ihu n'ọtụtụ mmepụta.
Site n'ịgbaso usoro kachasị mma na nzọụkwụ ọ bụla - nhicha na ịcha ihe, njikwa usoro sulfuric acid anodize ziri ezi, na mkpuchi mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị - ndị nrụpụta nwere ike ịmepụta profaịlụ aluminom n'ụzọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke nwere ịdị mma elu dị elu, ike ihe nkiri kachasị mma, na iguzogide nchara pụrụ iche.
Ajụjụ Ndị A Na-ajụkarị
Kedu ihe bụ H2SO4 kachasị mma n'ime mmiri ịsa ahụ nke nwere sulfuric acid?
Oke kachasị mma nke sulfuric acid maka usoro anodizing sulfuric acid na-abụkarị n'etiti 150 na 220 g/L, nke nhata 15-20% site na olu. Uru kachasị mma e kwuru okwu ya bụ 180 g/L ma ọ bụ 18% site na olu. Oke a dị oke mkpa n'imepụta ihe nkiri anodic oxide nwere ike siri ike na iguzogide nchara. Ịsa ahụ na-agba ọsọ na windo a na-akwalite ọkpụrụkpụ oyi akwa oxide na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ofe profaịlụ aluminom, na-akwado nnabata agba, ma na-ebelata ihe egwu nke mkpuchi ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị ike. Oke dị n'okpuru 150 g/L na-eto nwayọ nwayọ ma nwee ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri dị nro, oghere, ebe oke dị n'elu 220 g/L na-eme ka mgbasa dị ngwa ma nwee ike ime ka mkpuchi ahụ dị nro nke ukwuu. Maka usoro pụrụ iche, dị ka anodizing siri ike, enwere ike iji obere oke dị elu (ruo 240 g/L) na obere okpomọkụ mana ha adịghị mma maka mmepụta ọkọlọtọ.
Kedu ka njupụta nke mmiri ịsa ahụ si emetụta ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe nkiri aluminum oxide?
Ịhazi ihe n'ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ nwere mmetụta kpọmkwem, nke a pụrụ ịtụle na ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe nkiri aluminom oxide. Ọnụọgụ acid sulfuric dị elu na-eme ka mgbasa oxide dịkwuo mma, na-eduga na oyi akwa dị gịrịgịrị ma na-emebi emebi. N'aka nke ọzọ, obere ọkwa acid na-emepụta ihe nkiri dị arọ mana ọ na-eme ka porosity dịkwuo elu, na-ebelata ike na nchedo nchara. Ịchọta ntinye kwesịrị ekwesị dị oke mkpa: 180 g/L na-emepụta oyi akwa oxide dị oke arọ, nke na-adịgide adịgide nke dabara adaba maka ojiji ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ịhapụ ntinye a ga-agbanwe ihe nchekwa na ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgba ọsọ na 220 g/L na-ebutekarị pores dị ntakịrị obere mana ọ na-etinye ihe nkiri ahụ n'ihe ize ndụ ngwa ngwa n'oge anodizing.
Kedu ihe bụ mita njupụta sulfuric acid na gịnị mere o ji dị mkpa?
Igwe nhata nke sulfuric acid na-atụ ọkwa H2SO4 n'ime bat ndị na-eme ka anodizing dịgide. Ọ dị mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe kemịkalụ ịsa ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ elu aluminom. Site na mita ntinye, ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịgbanwe dose sulfuric acid n'oge, na-egbochi mmejọ aka ma hụ na mmepụta ahụ kwụsiri ike. Nke a na-ejigide paramita ịsa ahụ kwesịrị ekwesị ma na-akwado nhazi ihe nkiri oxide kacha mma. Ngwaọrụ dịka Lonnmeter na-enye nlekota a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, akpaka nke ahaziri maka usoro anodize sulfuric acid, na-ebelata ugboro ole a na-eji aka atụ ihe na nyocha.
Gịnị mere nha njupụta h2so4 n'oge dị mkpa n'usoro anodizing?
Nha nha njupụta h2so4 n'oge dị mkpa maka ijikwa njupụta nke mmiri ịsa ahụ anodizing. Nzaghachi ozugbo na-eme ka o kwe omume idozi ihe ndị na-adịghị mma ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka kemịkalụ mmiri saa ahụ kwụsie ike. Ọ bụrụ na njupụta agbanwee, ọkpụrụkpụ oyi akwa oxide, ike, na nguzogide nchara nwere ike ịda. Sistemụ nha a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi na-enyere aka hụ na ogbe ọ bụla na-emezu nkọwapụta, na-akwado arụmọrụ dị elu na mmiri ịsa ahụ aluminom maka nguzogide nchara na nguzosi ike n'elu. Ụzọ a dị oke mkpa karịsịa na nnukwu olu ma ọ bụ ọrụ akpaaka, ebe aka mmadụ pere mpe.
Ngụkọta ịsa ahụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ọ nwere ike ibute ntụpọ na aluminom anodized?
Ee, ịgba ọsọ usoro anodizing sulfuric acid n'èzí windo ntinye akwadoro nwere ike ibute nnukwu ntụpọ. Ndị a gụnyere njikọ siri ike nke ihe nkiri oxide, agba elu na-adịghị mma, ike siri ike belatara, na mbelata iguzogide nchara. Iji mita ntinye nke sulfuric acid maka nha ntinye nke h2so4 na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata ihe egwu ntụpọ nke ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, oke ọdịnaya acid nwere ike ịgbaze oxide etolite ọhụrụ, na-ebute mkpuchi na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ dị gịrịgịrị, ebe enweghị oke acid na-emepụta ihe nkiri pores, nke na-emebi ngwa ngwa. Nleba anya mgbe niile dị mkpa maka oxidation aluminum anodic na-adịgide adịgide.
Oge ozi: Disemba-03-2025
