Ọrụ Ịchụ àjà n'ime ihe e ji achọ mma

Njikwa Mgbakwunye Mmiri: Ime ka arụmọrụ Saccharification ka mma

Ntinye mmiri kpọmkwem dị oke mkpa n'usoro saccharification. Mmiri dị n'ime ya na-emetụta njupụta slurry, mmeghachi omume enzyme, mgbanwe shuga, na arụmọrụ ịgbaze n'ikpeazụ. Enzymes saccharification, dị ka alpha-amylase na glucoamylase, na-adabere na mmiri a na-achịkwa maka ọrụ catalytic kacha mma. Mmiri gabigara ókè na-ebelata ihe ndị dị n'ime ya, na-ebelata kọntaktị enzyme-substrate, na-ebelata mmepụta shuga, ma na-egbochi ịgbaze. Mmiri ezughi oke na-eduga na hydrolysis starch zuru oke n'ihi oke mbufe oke na mgbochi enzyme. Ya mere, njikwa siri ike nke itinye mmiri bụ isi ihe dị mkpa maka njikwa usoro ịme biya na njikwa mma na mmepụta sac.

Ọrụ nke Data Njupụta Oge A

Nlekota oge a nke njupụta osikapa a gwepịara egwepịa agbanweela njikwa mgbakwunye mmiri na usoro mmepụta mmanya nke oge a. Mita njupụta na nyocha n'ime ụlọ na-atụkarị ntinye na njupụta mmiri n'ime tankị na paịpụ. Nzaghachi ozugbo a na-enye ndị na-eme biya ohere inyocha ma mgbakwunye mmiri dị ugbu a na-emezu ihe mgbaru ọsọ njikwa usoro mmepụta mmanya enzymatic. Ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịgbanwe dose iji ruo nhazi slurry kacha mma maka ojiji enzyme na mmepụta mmanya, na-ahụ na gburugburu substrate ka dị mma maka mmeghachi omume enzymatic na njikwa usoro ịgba mmanya nke na-esote. Data njupụta na-aga n'ihu na-enyekwa nguzozi otu otu, na-achọpụta mgbe paramita anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ na-apụ n'èzí nkọwapụta n'ihi ụdị osikapa, ọnụego igwe nri, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ihe atụ: N'oge a na-eme achịcha, onye na-eme biya na-ahụ mbelata njupụta n'okpuru oke kachasị mma site na Spectramatics analyzer. Mgbe ahụ, itinye mmiri na-akwụsị, na-egbochi mmiri a na-achọghị ma na-echebe arụmọrụ enzyme. N'aka nke ọzọ, mmụba na njupụta mberede site na njupụta osikapa na-egosi mkpa ọ dị maka ọgwụ mmiri ọzọ iji nọgide na-enwe mmiri mmiri zuru oke na ohere ịnweta enzymatic.

Mmetụta nke Njikwa Mmiri na Ọrụ Enzyme na Nsonaazụ Ịgba Ọkụ

Nhazi mmiri kachasị mma na-eme ka enzyme saccharification dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu maka ịdị irè nke mmepụta ihe. Ọmụmụ ihe na-egosi na alpha-amylase na glucoamylase na-eru ọrụ kachasị elu na mkpokọta substrate akọwapụtara nke ọma, dị ka 7 g/L starch maka glucoamylase sitere na Candida famata, na-akwado ma mgbanwe ngwa ngwa na zuru oke nke starch-to-glucose. Nnwale nhazi ihe na saccharification biomass na-ekpughekwu na mmiri dị elu - ruo oke dị oke mkpa - na-eme ka mbelata mmepụta shuga na ike ịgbakọ ihe dịkwuo elu.

• Na njupụta na mmiri kachasị mma:
  • Enzymes na-enweta ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ starch n'efu, na-enweta oke hydrolysis dị elu.
  • Mkpụrụ shuga na-abawanye, nke na-eme ka usoro ịgbaze ihe ọṅụṅụ dịkwuo mma.
  • Ọnụego ịgbara mmiri na-eme ngwa ngwa, na-akwado ụdị sake dị ọcha ma na-agbanwe agbanwe.
• Mmiri gabigara ókè/ezughị ezu:
  • Na-ebelata ọkwa shuga ma ọ bụ na-egbochi ọrụ enzyme.
  • Na-akwalite uto na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi sie ike.
  • Ọ na-ebelata mmepụta ethanol ma na-agbanwe nguzozi nke isi ísì ụtọ nke ngwaahịa ahụ.

Ntuziaka Bara Uru Maka Mgbakwunye Mmiri Site na Iji Nyocha Njupụta

Iji mee ka ọrụ saccharification dịkwuo mma n'ịme saccharification site na iji njikwa mgbakwunye mmiri dabere na njupụta na-eso usoro ndị a bara uru:

Tọọ oke njupụta ebumnuche: Chọpụta njupụta slurry kacha mma maka ọrụ enzyme achọrọ, nke a na-adaberekarị na nnwale nnwale ma ọ bụ data ebipụtara (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 7–12° Plato maka osikapa mashes).

Ntụle Njupụta Na-aga n'ihu: Jiri mita njupụta dị n'ime akara ma ọ bụ ihe nyocha n'oge ọkwa dị mkpa - ịsa osikapa, ịchacha ya nke ọma, ịchacha ya, ịchacha ya, na ịgba Koji ọgwụ.

Ntinye Mmiri Kachasị Elu:

• Jiri nwayọ tinye mmiri mgbe ị na-enyocha njupụta nke ihe ndị dị na ya.
• Kwụsịtụ dose ma ọ bụrụ na njupụta erutela oke kachasị mma (iji zere ịgbaze ihe na-enweghị isi).
• Malitegharịa usoro onunu ogwu ma ọ bụrụ na njupụta ebili elu karịa oke elu (iji gbochie njupụta, mmụba viscosity).

Mmekọrịta ya na Mgbakwunye Enzyme:

• Tinye enzyme saccharification maka ịme mmanya naanị mgbe njupụta slurry kwụsiri ike n'ime mpaghara ebumnuche.
• Njupụta nlele na-agbanwe mgbe enzyme gbanyere, n'ihi na mwepụ ngwa ngwa nwere ike ịgbanwe oke kachasị mma.

Nnyocha Nkwa Ogo:

• Dee ụkpụrụ njupụta n'ebe dị mkpa maka ndekọ otu na imeziwanye usoro.
• Kwado njupụta shuga e zubere site na nyocha kemịkalụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, HPLC ma ọ bụ spectrophotometric), ọkachasị maka ụdị osikapa ọhụrụ.

Ntuziaka ihe atụ: Maka osikapa a na-etinye n'ime ihe na-eme ka glucoamylase saccharification dị ngwa ngwa, jiri ihe nyocha LiquiSonic Plato mee ka njupụta dị n'etiti 8-10° Plato, na-agbanwe mmiri kwa nkeji iri na ise dịka ọ dị mkpa. Kwụsị ịgbakwunye ya ozugbo e rutere n'elu ala ma chọpụta mgbanwe enzyme.

Iji nlekota oge a na-eme ka njupụta nke osikapa a gwakọtara agwakọta na-enye ohere ijikwa mmiri nke ọma na mmepụta mmanya, na-eme ka saccharification dịkwuo mma ma na-eme ka mma ngwaahịa ahụ dịkwuo mma.

Ijikọta Njikere Oge N'ezie na Njikwa Usoro Saccharification

Usoro Nzaghachi: Iji Usoro Njupụta eme ihe maka Mgbanwe Usoro Oge

Ịsacha ihe dị irè n'usoro ịmecha ihe ọṅụṅụ na-adabere na ijikwa njupụta nke ihe ọṅụṅụ osikapa. Nlekota oge a na-enye data a pụrụ ime, na-eme ka njikwa nzaghachi dị ike. Sistemụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eji usoro na njupụta ihe ọṅụṅụ iji gbanwee mgbanwe dịka:

• Mgbakwunye mmiri—Ọ bụrụ na njupụta amụbaa karịa ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ntinye mmiri akpaaka na-ebelata viscosity ma na-eme ka nnyefe oke maka enzymes saccharification dịkwuo mma.
• Usoro enzyme—Mgbanwe dị na njupụta nwere ike igosi mgbanwe na nnweta substrate, na-eduzi mgbanwe ozugbo nke enzyme saccharification maka ọnụego ojiji nke rese brew.
• Ọsọ ịgwakọta ihe—Atụmatụ nke viscosity slurry dabere na Torque na-enye sistemụ ahụ ohere ịgbanwe ọsọ nke ihe na-akpali akpali, na-ahụ na nguzozi slurry dị n'otu ma na-egbochi mmechi nke enzyme n'ihi mmụba njupụta mpaghara.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, algọridim dabere na data njupụta (dịka ọmụmaatụ, sitere na in-line photon density wave spectroscopy) na-enye ohere ka mgbanwe usoro dị iche iche ozugbo, na-egbochi nri gabigara ókè ma ọ bụ iri nri na-erughị oke ma na-edobe ọnọdụ kacha mma maka njikwa usoro saccharification.

Ike akpaaka na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta mmanya Sake

Mmepụta ihe n'ime akpaaka na-ejikọ ọdịnala na ihe ọhụrụ n'ime usoro mmepụta ihe n'ime mmiri. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ na-ejikọta sensọ na sistemụ njikwa na-akwado:

• Mkpọchi nzaghachi nke sensọ na-akwalite—Nlekota oge a na-akpali mmeghachi omume akpaka, dịka ịgbanwe njikwa mgbakwunye mmiri na mmepụta mmanya ma ọ bụ nhazi enzyme, nke kachasị mma maka arụmọrụ saccharification.
• Sistemụ anụ ahụ cyber—Data ihe mmetụta sensọ na-ahazi akụrụngwa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọkpọkọ, igwekota, nkeji dose), na-enye njikwa njupụta mgbe niile na mmiri osikapa a na-agbaze ma na-ebelata ntinye aka.
• Algọridim mmụta igwe—Ụdị ML na-enyocha usoro njupụta yana okpomọkụ na pH, na-emeziwanye usoro nzaghachi ma na-enye ohere ijikwa usoro amụma.

Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta mmanya ọdịnala na-eji akpaaka eme ihe n'ụzọ dị iche iche, na-ejikọta ahụmịhe aka ọrụ na ihe mmetụta turbidity ma ọ bụ ihe mmetụta dabere na torque maka mgbanwe amaara ama. Ntọala ọgbara ọhụrụ na-enye ohere ijikọ zuru oke: netwọk sensọ, nzaghachi ML na-akwado, na nlekota anya n'ebe dị anya maka imepụtagharị na arụmọrụ.

Uru maka Njikwa Usoro Sake Saccharification

Nlekota njupụta oge n'ezie na-enye ọtụtụ uru:

• Ndakọrịta—Ịhazi njupụta nke osikapa na-eme ka ọrụ enzyme saccharification dịkwuo mma, na-ebute ọnụego mgbanwe otu otu ma na-eme ka saccharification dịkwuo mma na mmepụta saccharification.
• Nzaghachi—Nchọpụta ozugbo nke ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-eme ka ndozi ngwa ngwa dị mfe, na-ezere mgbanwe ndị na-adịghị mma na paramita njikwa usoro ịgbaze.
• Mmepụtagharị—Mgbanwe ndị na-eduzi ihe mmetụta akpaaka na-eme ka ogbe ọ bụla na-agbaso nkọwapụta, na-akwado nkwenye usoro maka ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa ahụ.

Usoro nha dị elu na usoro nchọpụta n'usoro (dịka PDW spectroscopy ma ọ bụ torque modeling) na-enye ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta mmanya ohere idobe profaịlụ njupụta ezubere iche, na-eme ka mmepụta na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa sake dịkwuo mma ma na-eme ka ọrụ ha ka mma.

Ihe Ize Ndụ na Atụmatụ Mbelata na Njikọta Sistemụ

Ijikọta sistemụ nlekota oge na-eweta ihe egwu teknụzụ na ọrụ, gụnyere:

• Nsogbu ndọda na nhazi sensọ—Ojiji mgbe niile nwere ike imebi izi ezi nke ihe mmetụta. Itinye algọridim mmụta igwe maka nhazi amụma na mmezi njehie na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ọgụgụ a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi.
• Matriks ihe atụ dị mgbagwoju anya—Mgbanwe nhazi nke slurry n'oge ihe ịma aka saccharification ntụkwasị obi nke ihe mmetụta. Iji redundancy (ọtụtụ sensọ) na nkwenye cross-validation na-echebe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke data.
• Ihe mgbochi ọnụ ahịa na mgbagwoju anya—Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta mmanya nwere ike ịta ahụhụ maka ọnụ ahịa na mmejuputa teknụzụ. Ngwugwu sensọ modular na nyocha dabere na ígwé ojii nwere ike ibelata oke nnabata.

Iji belata ihe ndị a, ụlọ ọrụ biya kwesịrị:

• Jiri usoro nhazi akpaaka,
• Hazie nhazi ihe mmetụta mgbe niile,
• Jiri nyocha data ọnụọgụgụ iji chọpụta ọnụọgụ ndị na-abụghị nke ndị ọzọ,
• Jikọta atụmatụ sensọ dị irè maka nlekota na-aga n'ihu.

Site na ijikọta nchekwa teknụzụ na njikwa usoro siri ike, ma ndị na-emepụta ihe eji eme ihe nke oge a ma nke ọdịnala nwere ike iji uru nke nlekota njupụta slurry n'oge dị adị mee ihe, na-eme ka saccharification dịkwuo mma maka ịdị mma ya ma na-eme ka ọrụ ya kwụsie ike.

Ihe Ndị E Ji Eme Ka Enzymatic Dị Mma Maka Ịsa Saccharification Sake

Enzymes Ndị Mbụ Na-etinye Aka na Saccharification Maka Mmepụta Sake

N'usoro ịme mmanya, ime ka arụmọrụ ime mmanya dịkwuo mma dabere na iji ọtụtụ enzymes dị mkpa sitere na Aspergillus oryzae. Enzymes saccharification bụ isi maka ime mmanya gụnyere:

• α-Amylase:Enzyme a nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ime eriri afọ na-eme ka njikọ α-1,4-glycosidic dị n'ime eriri osikapa na-agbaze ngwa ngwa, na-agbaji ya ka ọ bụrụ obere dextrins na oligosaccharides.
• Glucoamylase:N'ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị iche, glucoamylase nwere ike kewaa njikọ α-1,4 na α-1,6, wee gbanwee dextrins ozugbo ka ọ bụrụ glucose, nke dị oke mkpa maka ịgbakọ yist.
• Pullulanase:Pullulanase lekwasịrị anya kpọmkwem na isi ihe alaka α-1,6-glycosidic dị na amylopectin, na-eme ka mmebi starch zuru oke ma na-eme ka glucoamylase rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.
• α-Glucosidases (dịka ọmụmaatụ, AgdA na AgdB):Enzymes ndị a na-eme ka ihe fọdụrụ n'ime glucose sitere na oligosaccharides ghara ịdị irè. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya egosila ọrụ dị mkpa ha na-arụ n'ịchọpụta ihe mejupụtara oligosaccharides na mash sake, na-emetụta ma mmepụta saccharification na njirimara ụtọ ikpeazụ.

Enzymes ndị a na-arụ ọrụ n'otu aka iji kwalite usoro saccharification, na-emetụta nnweta shuga, mmegharị ahụ, na n'ikpeazụ ịdị mma sake.

Ihe Ndị Na-emetụta Ọrụ Enzyme: pH, Okpomọkụ, Mgbali, na Ntinye Ihe Ndị Dị n'ime Ala

Ọrụ enzyme n'ime mmepụta sake na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi:

• pH:Enzyme ọ bụla nwere pH kacha mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mutant pullulanase (PulA-N3) na-enweta ọrụ kachasị elu na pH 4.5, ebe xylanase sitere na A. oryzae na-ahọrọ pH 7.5. Ịrụ ọrụ n'èzí pH kacha mma nwere ike igbochi ọrụ enzyme; obere pH nwere ike ịgbatị oge nkwụsị nje bacteria n'ihi mmụba nke mkpokọta acetic acid.
• Okpomọkụ:Mmetụta okpomọkụ dị iche iche n'etiti enzymes. PulA-N3 na-egosi arụmọrụ kachasị elu na 60°C, mana enzymes ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịpụ apụ ma ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ dị oke elu. Iji nlezianya achịkwa okpomọkụ dị oke mkpa iji hazie ọrụ na nkwụsi ike.
• Mkpali:Ngwakọta a na-achịkwa nke ọma na-eme ka ohere nke enzymes dị na substrate dịkwuo mma ma na-eme ka ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume otu otu dị. Enweghị mkpali zuru oke nwere ike igbochi saccharification n'ihi enweghị njikọ na substrate-enzyme.
• Ntinye Uche nke Substrate:Ọnụọgụgụ nke starch osikapa na mmiri na-emetụta ohere enzyme na ọnụego mmeghachi omume. Ọkwa dị elu nke substrate nwere ike ime ka ọrụ enzyme ju, ebe obere ọkwa nwere ike igbochi arụmọrụ ntụgharị.

Iji njikwa usoro oge dị adị mee ka ihe ndị a ka mma, dịka njikwa njupụta slurry, na-eme ka arụmọrụ enzymatic na njikwa usoro saccharification dịkwuo mma.

Nhazi na Oge nke Enzyme na Data Njupụta Slurry Oge

Mmụba ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-eme ka ojiji enzyme ziri ezi na mmepụta ihe site na nlekota oge nke njupụta osikapa a gwakọtara agwakọta. Ngwaọrụ dịka Spectramatics' SIBA na LiquiSonic Plato analyzers na-enye nha njupụta, nhazi carbohydrate, na okpomọkụ na-aga n'ihu, nke na-enye aka ozugbo na mgbanwe usoro.

• Usoro Ntinye Enzyme Na-agbanwe Agbanwe:A na-agbanwe mgbanwe nke enzyme dịka ọ dị na mgbanwe njupụta oge na mmeghachi omume nke saccharification. Ọ bụrụ na njupụta ahụ adalata nwayọ nwayọ (na-egosi mmepụta shuga na-adịghị ala ala), enwere ike ịbawanye dose ahụ ma ọ bụ tinye ụdị enzyme ụfọdụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ọtụtụ pullulanase maka starch alaka).
• Njikwa Nzaghachi Akpaaka:Ijikọta nlekota njupụta na sistemụ nhazi enzyme akpaaka na-eme ka nhazi usoro mmegharị ahụ dịkwuo mma. Laps nzaghachi na-eji data njupụta na mgbanwe shuga iji gbanwee ọnụego mgbakwunye enzyme na oge n'oge njikwa usoro ịgbaze ahụ.
• Njikwa Mgbakwunye Mmiri:Data oge a na-eduzikwa mgbakwunye mmiri iji nọgide na-enwe oke mmiri dị mma ma hụ na mmekọrịta dị irè na enzyme-substrate.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ọgụgụ njupụta sitere na ndị nyocha dabere na NIR egosi obere mwepụta shuga karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ndị na-eme biya nwere ike ịgbanwe dose glucoamylase ma ọ bụ α-amylase ozugbo, na-eme ka arụmọrụ saccharification dịkwuo elu n'ime mmepụta sac.

Ụzọ Isi Nyochaa ma Nyochaa Ọganihu nke Ịchụàjà nke Ọma

Nlekota nke ọma nke saccharification na sour fermentation dabere na:

• Nyocha Infrared Dị Nso (NIRS):Usoro a na-enye nyocha shuga, mmanya na-aba n'anya, na paramita kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ dị na slurry na-anaghị emerụ ahụ ma na-aga n'ihu. Ngwaọrụ NIRS ndị a na-ebugharị ebugharị, yana nyocha multivariate, na-enye amụma n'oge na-adịghị anya nke ọdịnaya shuga zuru oke ma na-eme ka mmeghachi omume ngwa ngwa nye mgbanwe usoro.
• Teknụzụ Nha Njupụta:Mita njupụta dị n'ime ahịrị dịka mita njupụta mmiri mmiri na-eme mmelite nke abụọ site na sekọnd, na-esochi mgbanwe ka a na-emepụta ma na-aṅụ shuga. Ngwa ndị a anaghị emetụta ìhè sample ma ọ bụ ọdịnaya nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ha.
• Nha Viscositi:Mgbanwe na viscosity slurry, nke a na-ejide site navinwa nwokeayonalndị na-eji viscometers eme ihema ọ bụ nyocha usoro arụnyere n'ime ya, na-ejikọta ya na ọnọdụ hydrolysis nke starch ma nwee ike ịgbakwunye data njupụta maka nlekota usoro siri ike karị.
• Nyocha Kinetic Akpaaka:Ikpo okwu ndị na-enyocha kinetics nke enzyme n'oge, site na iji data sitere na njupụta, njupụta shuga, na NIRS, na-enye ndị na-eme biya ohere imeziwanye usoro nhazi enzyme ugboro ugboro.

Usoro mmepụta mmanya a dị elu na-enye ohere inyocha njupụta nke osikapa a gwakọtara agwakọta na ọganihu saccharification, na-enye ndị na-eme mmanya ohere ijikwa nsonaazụ fermentation, melite mma sake, ma melite ojiji akụrụngwa.