ContinuousgNha nha viscosity uar chịngọm na-eme ka a na-enyocha mgbanwe viscosity nke ejikọtara na ntinye. Nhazi rheological na-enye aka ịchọpụta ntinye kpọmkwem achọrọ maka oke viscosity achọrọ, nke dị oke mkpa maka imeziwanye nhazi tankị ngwakọta na ịhụ na rheology mmiri na-agbawa agbawa na-agbanwe agbanwe. Mmekọrịta ntinye na viscosity a na-enyere ndị injinia aka n'ịdepụta viscosities a na-achịkwa maka mkpa ọrụ dị iche iche.
Ịghọta Guar Gum na Mmiri Mgbawa Hydraulic
Ọrụ nke Guar Gum dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike
Mkpụrụ osisi polymer dịka guar gum dị mkpa n'ime mmepụta mmiri mgbawa n'ihi ikike ha nwere ime ka viscosity dịkwuo elu, nke dị mkpa maka nkwụsịtụ propant na njem dị irè. E si na agwa guar nweta ya, usoro polysaccharide nke guar gum na-amịkọrọ mmiri ngwa ngwa iji mepụta mmiri viscous - dị oke mkpa maka ibu ájá ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-etinye n'ime olulu mmiri n'oge mgbawa hydraulic.
Usoro nke Viscosity na Stability:
- Mkpụrụ ndụ chịngọm guar na-abanye ma na-agbasa n'ime mmiri, nke na-eme ka esemokwu dị n'etiti molekul na ọkpụrụkpụ mmiri dịkwuo elu. Oke viscosity a na-ebelata ọsọ nke propant na-agbawa na mmiri hydraulic, na-eme ka nkwụsịtụ na itinye propants ka mma.
- Ihe ndị na-ejikọ ihe dị ka boric acid, organoboron, ma ọ bụ organozirconium na-eme ka viscosity dịkwuo mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri organozirconium-crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) na-ejigide ihe karịrị 89.7% nke viscosity mbụ ha na 120 °C n'okpuru oke nkụcha, na-arụ ọrụ karịa sistemụ ọdịnala ma na-enye ikike ibufe ihe siri ike na mmiri mgbawa.
- Mmụba njupụta njikọ, nke a na-enweta site n'ịkwalite mkpokọta ihe siri ike, na-eme ka nhazi gel sie ike ma na-enye ohere maka nkwụsi ike ka mma, ọbụlagodi n'ọnọdụ nchekwa mmiri siri ike.
Nhazi jel ngwa ngwa nke Guar gum na-eme ka o kwe omume ịhazi tankị ngwakọta mmiri gbawara agbawa nke ọma. Agbanyeghị, ọ na-enwe mmetụta maka mwakpo nke ajị na nje; ya mere, a chọrọ nkwadebe nke ọma na ihe mgbakwunye kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịrụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu.
Ntụ ntụ Guar Guar
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Isi ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ọrụ mgbawa
Ịkwụsi Ike n'Okpomọkụ
Mmiri Guar gum ga-anọgide na-enwe ọdịdị viscosity ha n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu nke ebe nchekwa. Guar gum a na-agbanwebeghị agbanwe na-amalite ịla n'iyi karịa 160°C, na-ebute mfu viscosity na mbelata nkwụsịtụ propant. Mgbanwe kemịkalụ - dịka sulfonation na sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonate - na-eme ka ntachi obi okpomọkụ ka mma, na-enye ohere ka mmiri dịgide viscosity karịa 200 mPa·s na 180°C ruo awa abụọ (ịkpụcha 170 s⁻¹).
Njikọta bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ sie ike:
- Njikọta Orgazirconium na-egosi njide viscosity dị elu na okpomọkụ dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere sistemụ borate.
- Gel ndị a na-ejikọta na borate na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'okpuru 100°C mana ha na-ebelata ike ha ngwa ngwa karịa oke a, ọkachasị na obere mkpokọta biopolymer.
Ihe mgbakwunye ngwakọ na ihe ndị e ji kemịkalụ mee ka ha dịgide na-eme ka ebe nchekwa mmiri dị omimi nke ukwuu, na-eme ka a hụ na mmiri mmiri na-agbaji agbaji na njikwa viscosity n'ofe oke okpomọkụ sara mbara.
Nguzogide Nzacha
Mgbochi nzacha dị oke mkpa maka igbochi mfu mmiri n'ime usoro ndị na-adịghị agafe agafe. Mmiri chịngọm guar, karịsịa ndị jikọtara ya na nanoparticles dị ka nano-ZrO₂ (zirconium dioxide), na-egosipụta nkwụsịtụ ájá ka mma ma belata mfu nzacha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbakwunye nano-ZrO₂ 0.4% na-ebelata ndochi propant nke ukwuu, na-eme ka ihe ndị ahụ kwụsie ike n'okpuru ọnọdụ nrụgide siri ike.
Guar gum na-akacha mma karịa ọtụtụ polima sịntetik n'ihe gbasara ịcha na nzacha, ọkachasị n'ebe okpomọkụ dị elu na ebe nnu dị elu. Agbanyeghị, ihe ịma aka nke ihe fọdụrụ mgbe gel gbawara ka dị ma a ga-ejikwa ya iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma.
Ntinye nke ihe mgbakwunye dịka thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs)—methanol na PEG-200—nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ mgbochi nzacha dịkwuo mma, ọkachasị na sedimenti ndị na-ebu hydrate. Mmezi ndị a na-eme ka mgbake gas ka mma ma na-enye aka na ọrụ tankị ngwakọta kachasị mma maka mmiri mgbawa.
Mmetụta Mgbochi Akụ
Mgbochi ụrọ na-egbochi ọzịza na ịkwaga ụrọ, na-ebelata mmebi nke mmepụta n'oge mgbawa hydraulic. Mmiri guar gum na-eme ka ụrọ kwụsie ike site na:
- Ọ na-eme ka viscosity dịkwuo mma na nkwụsịtụ propant, na-egbochi mmegharị propant nke nwere ike imebi ụrọ.
- Mkpọbata ozugbo n'elu shale, nke nwere ike igbochi mbugharị nke ihe ndị dị n'ụrọ.
Ihe ndị e ji guar gbanwee—dị ka maleic anhydride-grafted anionic guar—na-ebelata ọdịnaya mmiri na-anaghị agbaze, na-ebelata mmebi nhazi ma na-eme ka nkwụsi ike ụrọ dịkwuo mma. Ụdị guar cationic guar cationic fluorinated hydrophobic variants na polyacrylamide–guar copolymers na-eme ka absorption dịkwuo elu, na-enye mma iguzogide okpomọkụ na mmekọrịta siri ike nke mmiri na ụrọ.
N'ime ebe nchekwa mmiri jupụtara na mmiri, ojiji nke THIs ndị nwere hydroxyl group (dịka ọmụmaatụ,methanol, PEG-200) na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe àgwà mmiri na-agbaji, na-enyere ụrọ aka ịkwụsi ike n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè ma na-eme ka ọnụego mmepụta zuru oke dịkwuo elu.
Site na ijikọta mgbanwe kemịkalụ dị elu na ihe mgbakwunye ezubere iche, mmiri mgbawa nke guar chịngọm ọgbara ọhụrụ na-enye mmụba viscosity, iguzogide nzacha, na njikwa ụrọ, na-akwado mbugharị propant kacha mma na obere mmebi nhazi.
Isi ihe dị mkpa nke Guar Gum Viscosity na Concentration Dynamics
Mmekọrịta: Ọdịiche Guar Gum vs Ịta Uche
Ọbara ọbara nke Guar gum na-egosipụta njikọ kpọmkwem, nke na-abụkarị nke kwụ ọtọ na ntinye ya na mmiri mmiri. Ka njupụta guar gum na-abawanye, njupụta nke mmiri ahụ na-arị elu, na-eme ka ikike mmiri ahụ nwere ịkwụsị ma bufee ihe ndị na-akpali akpali na ọrụ mgbawa hydraulic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịhazi mmiri nwere njupụta guar gum site na 0.2% ruo 0.6% (w/w) ka ọ dị ka nectar ma ọ bụ ụdị mmanụ aṅụ, nke dị irè maka nkwụsịtụ propant na ma ebe nchekwa mmiri dị ala ma dị elu.
Njupụta chịngọm guar kacha mma na-eme ka ike ibu ihe na-aga n'ihu na ike ịgbapụta ihe dị n'ime ya. Oke mbelata nke ukwuu nwere ike ibute nsogbu nke propant ngwa ngwa na ibelata obosara mgbawa; oke ntinye nwere ike igbochi mmiri ma bulie ọnụ ahịa ọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ibu chịngọm guar 0.5 wt% na hydrogels na-eme ka ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya sie ike site na ihe dị ka 40%. Agbanyeghị, na 0.75 wt%, iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke netwọk ahụ na-emebi, na-ebelata nkwụsịtụ propant na arụmọrụ njem.
Mmetụta nke Ọnụego Ncha na Okpomọkụ na Viscosity
Ngwọta chịngọm Guar na-egosipụta àgwà dị egwu nke ịkpụ akpụ: viscosity na-ebelata ka ọnụego ịkpụ akpụ na-abawanye. Njirimara a dị oke mkpa na mgbawa hydraulic, na-eme ka mgbapụta dị irè n'oge ọnọdụ ịkpụ akpụ dị elu na ibu propant siri ike na obere ọsọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge a na-agba ọgwụ ngwa ngwa, viscosity guar gum na-ada, na-eme ka mmegharị mmiri dị mfe site na paịpụ na mgbawa. Ka mmiri na-ebelata na netwọk mgbawa, viscosity na-agbake, na-eme ka nkwụsịtụ propant dịgide ma na-ebelata ọsọ nhazi.
Okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa oke viscosity mmiri mmiri gbawara agbawa. Ka okpomọkụ na-arị elu, ndị polymer guar gum na-enweta mmebi okpomọkụ, na-ebelata viscosity na elasticity. Nyocha okpomọkụ na-egosi na sulfonated guar gum na-eguzogide mfu viscosity karịa ụdị ndị a na-agbanwebeghị, na-ejigide iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na ikike ibu propant na okpomọkụ ruo 90–100°C. Agbanyeghị, na oke okpomọkụ dị oke elu karịa oke a, ọtụtụ ụdị guar gum (gụnyere hydroxypropyl guar ma ọ bụ HPG) na-egosi mbelata viscosity na nkwụsi ike, nke chọrọ mgbanwe ma ọ bụ atụmatụ mgbakwunye.
Ntinye nnu na ọdịnaya ionic dị na mmiri mmiri (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri mmiri) na-emetụta ma ịchacha ihe na-eme ka ọ dị nro ma na-eme ka okpomọkụ sie ike. Nnukwu nnu, ọkachasị na cations multivalent, nwere ike ibelata ọzịza na viscosity nke ukwuu, na-emetụta arụmọrụ njem propant.
Mmetụta nke Mgbanwe Guar Gum
Mgbanwe kemịkalụ nke guar gum na-enye ohere ịhazi viscosity, ịgbaze, na iguzogide okpomọkụ nke ọma, na-eme ka arụmọrụ mmiri gbawara agbawa dịkwuo mma. Sulfonation—na-ewebata otu sulfonate n'ime guar gum—na-eme ka mmiri gbaze ma na-enye mmụba viscosity 33%, nke IR, DSC, TGA, na nyocha elemental kwadoro. Guar guar nke a na-akpọ sulfonated na-eme ka viscosity na nkwụsi ike dịkwuo mma ọbụlagodi na gburugburu saline ma ọ bụ alkaline, na-arụ ọrụ karịa chịngọm a na-agbanwebeghị agbanwe n'ọnọdụ nchekwa siri ike.
Hydroxypropylation (HPG) na-emekwa ka viscosity dịkwuo elu ma na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgbaze, ọkachasị n'ime mmiri nwere ike ionic dị elu. Gel HPG na-egosipụta viscosity dị elu na elasticity dị n'etiti pH 7 na 12.5, na-agbanwe gaa na njirimara Newtonian naanị na pH >13. Na mmiri mmiri, HPG na guar gum na-ejigide viscosity ka mma karịa ges ndị ọzọ agbanwere agbanwe dị ka carboxymethyl guar (CMG), na-eme ka ha dịkwuo mma maka ọrụ mmiri na saline.
Ịkpọchi ihe, nke a na-ejikarị ihe ndị dị ka boric acid, organoboron, ma ọ bụ organozirconium eme, bụ ụzọ ọzọ isi mee ka usoro netwọk guar gum sikwuo ike. Mmụba njupụta njikọ na-eme ka ike na viscosity nke gel dịkwuo elu, nke dị oke mkpa maka nkwụsịtụ propant na oke okpomọkụ na ọnụego shear. Ịhọrọ ihe nnọchi anya njikọ kacha mma na ntinye dabere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na mmiri dị iche iche. Ụdị amụma na-enye ndị injinia ohere ịhazi ma ibu thickener na cross-linker maka nhazi rheology mmiri fracturing na njikwa viscosity.
Ihe ịma aka na azịza maka njikwa viscosity n'oge na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe
Imeri nha na ngwakọta ihe isi ike
Nhazi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ngwọta chịngọm guar na-eche ihe ịma aka na-aga n'ihu n'ịtụle viscosity n'oge. Mmerụ ahụ ihe mmetụta bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'ihi ọchịchọ guar chịngọm ịmepụta ihe fọdụrụ n'elu viscometer. Mmerụ ahụ na-emebi izi ezi ma na-akpata ịrị elu; dịka ọmụmaatụ, mkpokọta polymer nwere ike ikpuchi mgbanwe viscosity n'ezie, na-eduga na ọgụgụ a na-apụghị ịtụkwasị obi. Atụmatụ mgbochi ọgbara ọhụrụ gụnyere mkpuchi ngwakọta, dị ka ihe nkiri CNT-PEG-hydrogel, nke na-egbochi nkwụnye organic ma na-akwado mmetụta sensọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ viscous. Ndị na-akwalite ọgba aghara 3D nke ebipụtara, nke a na-etinye na tankị ngwakọta, na-emepụta ọgba aghara mpaghara na elu ihe mmetụta, na-ebelata mkpokọta ihe fọdụrụ ma na-agbatịkwu izi ezi ọrụ. Ihe mmetụta RFID-IC ejikọtara na-eme ka nlekota dịkwuo mma, na-ebelata mmezi mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na mmiri siri ike, ọ bụ ezie na ndị a chọkwara usoro mgbochi siri ike maka ntụkwasị obi ogologo oge.
Ọnọdụ tankị dị iche iche, dịka ọnụego mmiri mmiri na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, okpomọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, na nkesa mgbakwunye na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, na-emetụtakwa njikwa viscosity. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, tankị ịgwakọta na-enweghị geometry kachasị mma nwere ike ịhapụ ngwakọta guar gum na-adịghị agwakọta, na-emepụta spikes viscosity mpaghara na hydration zuru oke. Imeziwanye nhazi tankị - site na baffles na igwekota shear dị elu - na-akwalite mgbasa yiri ibe ha ma na-ahụ na nha nha ziri ezi n'oge. Nhazi Gauge ka dị mkpa; nhazi oge niile n'ime ebe site na iji ụkpụrụ ndị a na-achọpụta na-enyere aka igbochi ntụgharị sensọ na mfu arụmọrụ n'elu usoro ọrụ agbatịkwuru.
Atụmatụ maka Viscosity Na-agbanwe agbanwe na Sistemụ Buru Ibu
Inweta viscosity na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ngwọta guar gum n'ofe nnukwu usoro ngwakọta chọrọ sistemụ njikwa agbakwunyere na akpaghị aka. Viscometers n'ime-line jikọtara ya na PLC (onye njikwa usoro mmemme) akpaaka na-enye ohere maka mgbanwe mmechi nke ọsọ ngwakọta, ntinye dose, na okpomọkụ. Usoro IIoT (Internet of Things) na-enye ohere ijide data na-aga n'ihu, nlekota oge n'ezie, na ihe omume amụma - ụdị mmụta igwe na-ebu amụma mgbanwe ma na-eme mgbanwe tupu viscosity apụọ na mpụga nkọwapụta.
Sistemụ akpaaka na-ebelata mgbanwe nke otu. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi mgbanwe viscosity na-ebelata ruo 97% na ihe mkpofu ihe na-ebelata site na 3.5% mgbe njikwa oge dị adị. Ntinye ọgwụ akpaghị aka nke ihe ndị na-ejikọ njikọ - gụnyere boric acid, organoboron, na organozirconium - yana njikwa okpomọkụ ziri ezi, na-enye arụmọrụ rheological ugboro ugboro maka mmiri ndị na-ebu propant. Nyocha na ngwakọta guar gum nke nri na-egosi ụdị IIoT na-eduzi karịrị usoro ndị ọrụ aka, na-ebute nkwụsịtụ propant ziri ezi na obere ọsọ nhazi, dị mkpa maka arụmọrụ hydraulic fracturing.
Atụmatụ iji belata mgbanwe dị iche iche nke otu otu gaa na otu gụnyere nhọrọ na nhazi nke ihe mgbakwunye njikọta na ime ka ihe sie ike. Njikọta nke ndị na-egbochi thermodynamic hydrate (THIs) dị ka methanol ma ọ bụ PEG-200 na-eme ka njigide viscosity na ịdị mma nke gel dịkwuo mma, ọkachasị n'okpuru ọnọdụ nchekwa okpomọkụ dị elu. Agbanyeghị, a ga-emeziwanye njupụta ha - oke dose na-eme ka shear thinning dịkwuo elu ma na-emebi ikike ibu propant, na-achọ nhazi nke ọma na ihe ndị na-eme ka thickener dị mkpa.
Nchọpụta nsogbu: Ịgwọta Njirimara Mmiri Na-anaghị Akọwapụta
Mgbe viscosity mmiri gbawara agbawa na-ada n'èzí oke ọrụ, ọtụtụ usoro dị mkpa maka nchọpụta nsogbu. Mmiri zuru oke na mgbasa nke guar gum na-edugakarị na mmepe nke akpụ, na-ebute ọgụgụ viscosity na-adịghị mma na mbelata nkwụsịtụ propant. Ijikọta guar gum na ihe ndị na-ejikọ ma ọ bụ ịgbasa ntụ ntụ n'ime ihe ndị na-abụghị mmiri dị ka glycol nwere ike igbochi njikọta ma kwalite nkwadebe ngwọta otu. A na-ahọrọ usoro mgbakwunye ngwa ngwa na nke a haziri iji zere mmụba viscosity mberede; usoro a na-eme ka ngwakọta zuru oke ma belata nhazi sedimenti na tankị ngwakọta mmiri hydraulic.
Nkwenye ịdị mma dabere na nleba anya na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe mgbakwunye na nlekota mmebi okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ nke shear kpatara. Usoro microscopic na spectroscopic (SEM, FTIR) na-ekpughe nhazi ihe fọdụrụ na mgbawa gel, nke bụ nsogbu nhazi akara. Mgbanwe nwere ike ịchọ ịgbanwe ihe ndị na-ejikọ njikọ - sistemụ organozirconium, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-ejigide ihe karịrị 89% nke viscosity mbụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị oke njọ (>120°C, shear dị elu), nke dị mma maka mmiri mmiri dị omimi nke ukwuu. Mgbe ị na-eji ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe sie ike dị ka methanol na PEG-200, a ga-ahazi njupụta nke ọma; ọkwa dị ala na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike, mana oke nwere ike ibelata viscosity ma mebie ikike ibu ihe.
Njirimara mmiri na-anaghị adịkarị na-achọ nzaghachi oge site na sensọ dị n'ime na njikwa usoro data. Usoro nhazi na nhicha, yana mmezi amụma, na-edozi esemokwu na-aga n'ihu ma na-eme ka ntụkwasị obi nke nha viscosity dịkwuo elu, na-emeziwanye nhazi tankị ngwakọta ozugbo, na-emeziwanye nhazi mmiri fracturing, na nkwụsịtụ propant ogologo oge na ngwa hydraulic fracturing.
nkwụsịtụ ájá dị elu na ikike nnabata nke guar gum
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Viscometers akpaghị aka n'ịntanetị
N'ọrụ mgbawa hydraulic,ndị na-enyocha ihe ndị dị n'ahịrịetinyere kpọmkwem n'ime paịpụ mmanụ ngwakọta na-enye data viscosity na-aga n'ihu. Ụzọ ndị dị mma—gụnyere viscometers dabere na mmụta igwe na kọmputa—na-eme atụmatụ viscosity efu-ọkpụkpụ site na onyonyo mmiri ma ọ bụ nzaghachi na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-ekpuchi ọnụọgụ site na slurries gbazere agbaze ruo nke na-egbuke egbuke. Enwere ike itinye sistemụ ndị a na njikwa usoro akpaaka, na-ebelata ntinye aka.
Ihe atụ:
- Viscometers nke kọmputa na-eme atụmatụ viscosity site n'inyocha omume nke mmiri dị n'ime vial ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ mmiri na-agbagharị agbagharị, na-enye nsonaazụ ngwa ngwa maka akpaaka ma ọ bụ nzaghachi na-esote.
Nlekota Ntinye Aka Guar Gum n'oge a
Ịnọgide na-enwe njupụta guar chịngọm mgbe a na-agwakọta ya na-ebelata mgbanwe n'ime otu ma na-akwado arụmọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke mmiri mgbawa. Teknụzụ maka nlekota njupụta n'oge a gụnyere:
Teknụzụ SLIM (Ross Solids/Mgbanye Mmiri Mmiri):SLIM na-etinye ntụ ntụ guar gum n'okpuru mmiri mmiri ahụ, na-agwakọta ya ozugbo na mmiri mmiri site na ngwakọta dị elu. Nhazi a na-ebelata mfu nke njikọta na viscosity n'ihi ngwakọta gabigara ókè, na-enye ohere ijikwa njupụta nke ọma n'oge ọ bụla.
Non-Nuclear Slury DensobodoMeter:Mita njupụta dị n'ime nke etinyere na tankị ngwakọta na-enyocha njirimara eletriki na mgbanwe njupụta ka etinyere ma gbasaa chịngọm guar, na-enye ohere maka nleba anya mgbe niile nke ntinye uche na imezi ihe ozugbo.
Foto Ultrasonic nke ejikọtara ya na Rhometry ("Rheo-ultrasound"):Usoro a dị elu na-ejide onyonyo ultrasonic dị oke ọsọ (ruo 10,000 fremu/sekọnd) yana data rheometric viscosity. Ọ na-enye ohere inyocha mkpokọta mpaghara, ọnụego shear, na enweghị ike, nke dị mkpa maka ịchọpụta ngwakọta na-abụghị otu na mgbanwe viscous ngwa ngwa na ngwọta guar chịngọm.
Ihe atụ:
- Ihe mmetụta eletriki na-agwa ndị ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na mgbakwunye ntụ ntụ ahụ ebute mgbanwe n'ọkwa, na-eme ka o kwe omume idozi ya ozugbo.
- Sistemụ Rheo-ultrasound na-ahụ ihe ndị na-eme ka ngwakọta dị iche iche pụta ìhè, na-egosi njikọta mpaghara ma ọ bụ mgbasa zuru oke nke nwere ike imebi ịdị mma nke mmiri mmiri.
Ngwaọrụ Nlekota Bara Uru na nke Oge Nile
Usoro dịkaViscometers ụlọ ọrụ inline nke Lonnmeterna-enye ụzọ dị irè na nke a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi iji tụọ viscosity n'ebe mmepụta. Ngwaọrụ ndị a dabara adaba maka nyocha oge niile n'oge ngwakọta, ma ọ bụrụhaala na usoro ahụ ka dị n'ime paramita akọwapụtara.
Usoro na Njikọta Nkwa Ogo
A ga-enyocha usoro nha viscosity na ntinye uche na-aga n'ihu maka ntụkwasị obi na izi ezi:
- Usoro Nhazi:Nhazi oge niile dabere na ọkọlọtọ ama ama na-eme ka ihe mmetụta ziri ezi na ịdịgide.
- Nnwale Mmụta Igwe:Viscometers nke kọmputa na-enweta ọzụzụ na nhazi netwọkụ akwara iji gosipụta arụmọrụ ha n'ọtụtụ chịngọm guar na viscosities mmiri mmiri dị iche iche.
- Njikọ QA n'oge dị adị:Ijikọta ya na sistemụ njikwa usoro na-enye ohere maka mgbanwe, nchọpụta njehie, na nzaghachi ngwa ngwa maka mgbanwe, na-akwado ma ịdị mma ngwaahịa na nrubeisi iwu.
Na nchịkọta, ikike inyocha viscosity na ntinye guar gum na-adabere na nhọrọ na njikọta nke teknụzụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Viscometers na-agbagharị agbagharị, sensọ dị elu n'ahịrị, teknụzụ ngwakọta SLIM, na rheo-ultrasound na-enye azụ mmetụta uche, ebe ngwaọrụ bara uru na usoro QA siri ike na-eme ka ọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya n'oge usoro ngwakọta ụlọ ọrụ.
Teknụzụ Ntụle maka Nleba Anya Na-aga n'ihu na Tankị Ngwakọta
Ụkpụrụ nke Nha Viscosity
Nnyocha viscosity na-aga n'ihu na tankị ngwakọta dị oke mkpa maka ijikwa usoro mmiri mgbawa nke guar chịngọm. A na-etinye viscometers n'ime usoro mmepụta ihe nke ukwuu iji nye data ozugbo na viscosity guar gum. Ihe mmetụta ndị a na-arụ ọrụ kpọmkwem n'ime ụzọ mmiri na-agafe, na-ewepụ mkpa ọ dị ịnwale aka ma si otú a na-ebelata igbu oge na nzaghachi.
Vibrationalndị na-eji viscometers eme iheỌ na-achịkwa nha mmiri ndị na-abụghị nke Newtonian n'ihi ikike ha nwere ijide nzaghachi mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ngwaọrụ dịka viscometer usoro inline ka emebere maka itinye n'ime ahịrị ma na-enye ọgụgụ na-aga n'ihu dabara adaba maka njupụta na viscosities dị iche iche, dịka a hụrụ na nkwadebe mmiri fracturing hydraulic. Usoro a na-aka mma na ngwọta guar gum n'ihi omume ha na-ebelata viscosity na oke viscosity sara mbara, na-ahụ na nnweta data siri ike na ntụkwasị obi usoro.
Nyocha Ntinye Uche Na-aga n'ihu
Iji nweta arụmọrụ kachasị mma nke mmiri gbawara agbawa chọrọ njikwa ziri ezi na ntinye guar chịngọm. A na-enweta nke a site na iji usoro nha njupụta na-aga n'ihu dịka usoro nha njupụta.ACOMP (Nlekota Ntanetị Na-aga n'ihu na-akpaghị aka nke Polymerization)Usoro ACOMP na-eji ngwakọta nke ọkpọkọ elu, igwekota, na ihe nchọpụta anya dị n'okpuru ala iji nye profaịlụ ntinye aka n'oge na ọgụgụ viscosity dị n'ime ya ka a na-akwadebe ngwọta polima na nnukwu tankị ngwakọta.
Nnwale dị irè na gburugburu ngwakọta na-agbanwe agbanwe gụnyere nhazi usoro nke atọ iji kọwaa mgbanwe ntinye n'oge. Nyocha nzaghachi ugboro ugboro na-eme ka njikọ ziri ezi dị n'etiti ụdị echiche na data nnwale, na-enye nghọta dị irè maka nkwadebe ngwọta guar gum na-aga n'ihu. Teknụzụ ndị a dabara adaba karịsịa maka nkwenye ntinye ngwa ngwa, nhazi dose na-agbanwe agbanwe, na ibelata mgbanwe nke otu-na-otu.
Njikọta na sistemụ nhazi akpaakana-emeziwanye njikwa nguzozi.mita njupụta ultrasonicetinyere ya ozugbo n'ime tankị ma ọ bụ ọkpọkọ ahụ, na-enye nzaghachi na-aga n'ihu; ọkpọkọ akpaaka na-agbanwe ọnụego dose dịka data sensọ dị ndụ si dị, na-ahụ na viscosity guar gum vs njupụta kwekọrọ na rheology mmiri fracturing lekwasịrị anya. Njikọ a na-ebelata ntinye aka mmadụ ma na-enye ohere maka mmezi ozugbo maka otu ndị na-abụghị nke akọwapụtara.
Mmetụta nke ihe mgbakwunye na mgbanwe usoro na viscosity nke guar gum
Mgbanwe Sulfonation
Sulfonation na-ewebata otu sulfonate na guar gum, na-eme ka viscosity na ike ịgbaze nke ngwọta guar gum ejiri mee ihe na hydraulic fracturing dịkwuo mma. Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume kacha mma chọrọ njikwa ziri ezi nke okpomọkụ, oge, na mkpokọta reagent. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonate na 26°C, yana oge mmeghachi omume awa 2, 1.0%NaOH, na 0.5% sulfonate site na guar gum mass, na-eduga na mmụba 33% na viscosity doro anya na mbelata nke ọdịnaya mmiri na-anaghị agbaze site na 0.42%. Mgbanwe ndị a na-eme ka ikike ibu propant dịkwuo mma na mmiri mgbawa ma na-akwado nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ na nzacha ka ukwuu.
Ụzọ ndị ọzọ e si eji sulfonation eme ihe—dịka sulfation na sulfur trioxide–1,4-dioxane complex na 60°C ruo awa 2.9, site na iji chlorosulfonic acid 3.1 mL—na-egosikwa mmụba viscosity na obere akụkụ ndị na-anaghị agbaze. Mmezi ndị a na-ebelata ihe fọdụrụ na tankị ngwakọta mmiri hydraulic fracturing, na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke mkpọchi ma na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịlaghachi. Nyocha FTIR, DSC, na elemental na-akwado mgbanwe nhazi ndị a, yana nnọchi anya kachasị na ọnọdụ C-6. Ogo nke nnọchi na mbelata ibu molekul na-eme ka mgbaze ka mma, ọrụ antioxidant, na mmụba viscosity dị irè—ihe dị mkpa maka njikwa rheology mmiri fracturing dị irè na viscosity.
Ihe Ndị Na-ejikọ Njikọ na Ịdị Mma nke Nhazi
Ọbara chịngọm na mmiri mgbawa na-abara uru nke ukwuu site na itinye ihe ndị na-ejikọ cross-linkers na organozirconium na borate. Ndị kacha ewu ewu bụ:
Njikọta organozirconium:A na-ahọrọkarị ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime ya dị elu maka ebe a na-echekwa ihe ndị dị n'ime ya, ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime ya dịkwuo mma. Na okpomọkụ nke 120°C na 170 s⁻¹, hydroxypropyl guar gum jikọtara ya na organozirconium na-ejigide ihe karịrị 89.7% nke viscosity mbụ ya. Foto SEM na-egosi usoro netwọk atọ dị oke ibu nke nwere oghere dị n'okpuru 12 μm, na-akwado nkwụsịtụ propant ka mma na mbelata ọsọ nhazi propant na hydraulic fracturing.
Borate Cross-linkers:Njikọ boric acid na organoboron ọdịnala na-egosi arụmọrụ ya na okpomọkụ dị ala. Enwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ ya ka mma site na iji ihe mgbakwunye dị ka polyethyleneimine (PEI) ma ọ bụ nanocellulose. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, njikọ nanocellulose-boron na-anọgide na-enwe viscosity fọdụrụnụ karịa 50 mPa·s na 110°C ruo nkeji 60 n'okpuru oke nkụcha, na-egosi okpomọkụ siri ike na iguzogide nnu. Njikọ hydrogen sitere na nanocellulose na-enyere aka n'ịkwado ihe onwunwe viscoelastic dị mkpa maka ikike ibufe ihe na mmiri mgbawa.
Njikọta n'ime mmiri guar chịngọm na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ịchacha akpụkpọ ahụ na njupụta ya, nke dị mkpa maka mgbapụta na nkwụsịtụ propant. Hydrogels ejiri kemịkalụ jikọta na-egosipụta mgbake thixotropic siri ike, nke pụtara na a na-eweghachi viscosity na nhazi ya mgbe a kpụchara ya nke ọma - nke dị mkpa n'oge a na-etinye mmiri na nhicha na ọrụ hydraulic fracturing.
Mmetụta Ntụnyere nke Sistemụ Mmiri Mmiri Na-abụghị Polymeric vs Polymeric
Sistemụ mmiri polymeric na nke na-abụghị polymeric nwere profaịlụ rheological dị iche iche, na-emetụta nke ukwuu arụmọrụ mbufe propant:
Sistemụ Polymeric:Ndị a gụnyere ihe ndị sitere n'okike (guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar) na polymers sịntetik. Mmiri polymer nwere ike ịgbanwe maka viscosity, ebe mkpụrụ, na elasticity. Ndị na-emepụta amphoteric dị elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ATP-I) na-enweta njigide viscosity ka mma na nkwụsi ike rheological na gburugburu okpomọkụ dị elu na nnu dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro cellulose polyanionic ochie. Mmụba viscosity na elasticity na-eme ka nkwụsịtụ proppant dịkwuo mma, na-ebelata ọsọ nhazi, ma na-eme ka nhazi tankị ngwakọta dịkwuo mma maka mmiri mgbawa. Agbanyeghị, viscosity dị elu nwere ike igbochi njem proppant na nhazi obere permeability ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri nlezianya hazie ya.
Sistemụ Ndị Na-abụghị Polymeric (Surfactant Dabere na Ya):Ndị a na-adabere na viscoelastic surfactants kama netwọk polymer. Mmiri ndị dị na surfactant na-enye obere ihe fọdụrụ, mmiri na-agba ọsọ ngwa ngwa, na ibu propant dị irè, karịsịa n'ime ebe nchekwa ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe ebe a na-ebute nhicha na-enweghị ihe fọdụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na sistemụ ndị a na-enye obere viscosity a na-agbanwe agbanwe karịa polima, ha na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nkwụsịtụ propant ma na-ebelata ihe egwu mkpọchi na tankị ngwakọta mmiri hydraulic fracturing.
Nhọrọ dị n'etiti mmiri polymeric na nke na-abụghị polymeric fracturing dabere na nguzozi achọrọ n'etiti viscosity, arụmọrụ nhicha, mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, na ihe achọrọ maka ibu propant. Sistemụ ngwakọ na-ejikọta polymers na viscoelastic surfactants na-apụta iji jiri ma viscosity dị elu na mgbake mmiri ngwa ngwa. Nnwale rheological - site na iji mgbanwe oscillatory linear na sweeps flow - na-enye nghọta n'omume thixotropic na pseudoplastic, na-enyere aka na nhazi nke nhazi maka ọnọdụ olulu mmiri kpọmkwem.
Atụmatụ Nhazi Maka Ịgbaji Mmiri Viscosity na Ike Ibu Ihe Mgbawa
Àgwà Rheological na Njem Nlegharị Anya
Ime ka viscosity guar gum dịkwuo mma dị oke mkpa maka ijikwa ọsọ nhazi propant na hydraulic fracturing. Vislation mmiri dị elu na-ebelata ọsọ nke ihe ndị na-etinye propant na-amịkọrọ, na-eme ka ohere nke njem dị irè dịkwuo n'ime netwọk fracturing dịkwuo elu. Njikọta na-eme ka viscosity dịkwuo mma site n'ịmepụta usoro gel siri ike; dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri organozirconium-crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar na-etolite netwọk dị oke ibu nwere nha oghere na-erughị 12 μm, nke na-eme ka nkwụsịtụ dịkwuo mma ma na-ebelata ọsọ nhazi ma e jiri ya tụnyere sistemụ organoboron.
Ịgbanwe njupụta guar chịngọm na-emetụta kpọmkwem viscosity nke ngwọta guar chịngọm. Ka njupụta polima na-arị elu, otú ahụ ka njupụta njikọta na ike gel na-ebelata, nke na-ebelata sedimentation propant ma na-eme ka ebe ahụ dịkwuo mma. Ihe atụ: mmụba nke njupụta crosslinker na mmiri HPG na-eme ka njide viscosity dị elu karịa 89% n'oge shear dị elu (120°C), na-eme ka ikike ibu propant dịgide ọbụna n'ọnọdụ nchekwa siri ike.
Usoro Nhazi Nhazi
Atụmatụ ndị e ji data mee na-eme ka njikwa oge na-aga n'ihu nke mgbawa mmiri na ntinye uche dị n'ime ya na-eme ka o kwe omume. Ụdị mmụta igwe—ọhịa na-enweghị usoro na osisi mkpebi—na-ebu amụma paramita rheological dị ka ịgụ viscometer ozugbo, na-anọchi ule ụlọ nyocha dị nwayọ, nke oge. N'ọrụ, tankị ngwakọta mmiri fracturing hydraulic nke nwere usoro ndị kwekọrọ na ya na sensọ piezoelectric na-atụ viscosity nke ngwọta guar gum ka ihe ndị dị na mmiri na-agbanwe, yana ndozi njehie site na mmebi ọnọdụ empirical.
Ndị ọrụ na-enyocha viscosity na ntinye uche n'ime ebe ahụ, wee gbanwee dose nke guar gum, crosslinkers, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ihe sie ike dabere na nzaghachi sensọ dị ndụ. Mgbanwe a na-eme n'oge na-adịghị anya na-eme ka mmiri fracturing na-ejide viscosity mmiri fracturing kacha mma maka nkwụsịtụ propant na-enweghị oge nkwụsị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nha viscosity pipe kpọmkwem nke etinyere na sistemụ njikwa na-enye ohere ịgbanwe mmiri active, na-echekwa nkwụsịtụ propant kacha mma ka ebe nchekwa ma ọ bụ paramita ọrụ na-agbanwe.
Mmetụta Mmekọrịta na Ihe Mgbakwunye Ụrọ na Okpomọkụ
Ihe ndị na-eme ka ụrọ sie ike na ihe mgbakwunye okpomọkụ dị oke mkpa n'ichekwa viscosity nke guar gum n'ebe a na-anaghị amị amị na gburugburu okpomọkụ dị elu. Ihe ndị na-eme ka ụrọ sie ike—dị ka ihe ndị e ji sulfonated guar mee—na-egbochi ọzịza na mbugharị ụrọ; nke a na-echebe viscosity nke ngwọta guar gum site na mfu mberede site na igbochi mmekọrịta ya na ụdị ionic n'oge nhazi ahụ. Ihe na-eme ka ọ dịgide nkịtị, sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonate–guar gum agbanweela, na-enye viscosities dị n'ime nke dabara adaba maka mgbawa ma na-eguzogide ọdịnaya mmiri na-anaghị agbaze, na-edobe nhazi gel na nkwụsịtụ propant dị irè ọbụlagodi na nhazi ụrọ bara ụba.
Ihe ndị na-eme ka okpomọkụ sie ike, gụnyere ihe ndị na-eme ka supramolecular dị elu na ihe ndị na-egbochi thermodynamic hydrate (dịka ọmụmaatụ,methanol, PEG-200), na-echebe megide mmebi viscosity karịa 160°C. Na sistemụ mmiri mmiri dabere na brine na nke dị oke elu, ihe mgbakwunye ndị a na-eme ka njide viscosity dị elu karịa 200 mPa·s n'okpuru 180°C shear, nke karịrị ihe ndị na-egosi viscosifiers guar gum ọdịnala.
Ihe atụ gụnyere:
- Guar guar e ji sulfonated meemaka ma ụrọ ma okpomọkụ.
- Njikọta Organozirconiummaka nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ dị elu nke ukwuu.
- PEG-200dị ka THI iji kwalite arụmọrụ mmiri mmiri ma belata ihe fọdụrụ.
Usoro na ngwugwu mgbakwunye ndị dị otú a na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ime ka nhazi tankị ngwakọta dịkwuo mma maka mmiri mgbawa na ịhazi usoro nha viscosity guar gum maka viscosity na-aga n'ihu nanha ntinye ucheIhe si na ya pụta bụ ikike ibu ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma na mgbasa nke mgbawa na-aga n'ihu, ọbụlagodi na gburugburu ebe dị oke njọ.
Ijikọta Guar Gum Viscosity na Proppant, na-edozi ọsọ na arụmọrụ mgbawa
Nghọta Mechanistic n'ime Nkwụsị Proppant
Ọbara ọbara nke guar gum na-arụ ọrụ kpọmkwem n'ịchịkwa ọsọ nke propant n'oge mgbawa hydraulic. Ka viscosity nke ngwọta guar gum na-abawanye, ike drag na-arụ ọrụ na propant ahụ na-arị elu, na-ebelata ọnụego ha na-ada ada nke ukwuu. N'ọrụ, mmiri mmiri nwere nnukwu nchịkọta guar gum na ihe ndị na-eme ka viscous dịkwuo mma - gụnyere ndị ejiri ihe mgbakwunye polymer na eriri gbanwee - na-enye ikike ibu propant ka mma, na-enye ohere ka ihe ndị a kwụsịrị kwụsịtụ na-agbasa nke ọma n'ofe netwọk mgbawa kama ịchịkọta na ala.
Nnyocha ụlọ nyocha na-egosi na, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmiri Newtonian, ihe ngwọta guar gel na-eme ka shear dị gịrịgịrị na-egosi obere ọsọ nhazi propant, nke sitere na mmụba viscosity na mmetụta elastic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, okpukpu abụọ nke ntinye guar gum nwere ike ibelata ọsọ nhazi ahụ, na-eme ka propant ahụ dịgide ogologo oge. Mgbakwunye nke eriri na-egbochi sedimentation site na ịmepụta netwọk dị ka mesh, na-akwalite nhazi propant otu. Emepụtala ụdị na coefficients empirical iji buru amụma mmetụta ndị a n'okpuru mgbanwe mgbawa na ọnọdụ mmiri mmiri, na-akwado njikọta dị n'etiti rheology mmiri na nkwụsịtụ propant.
N'ime ọkpụkpụ gbajiri agbaji ebe obosara ya na dayameta nke propant ahụ dị nso, mmetụta njide na-ebelata ebe obibi, na-eme ka uru nke ngwọta guar dị elu dịkwuo elu. Agbanyeghị, oke viscosity nwere ike igbochi mmegharị mmiri, nke nwere ike ibelata omimi njem propant dị irè ma na-amụba ohere nke ịmepụta ihe fọdụrụ nke na-etinye ike mgbawa n'ihe egwu.
Ịbawanye Obosara na Ogologo Mgbaji
Ịhazi viscosity nke ngwọta guar gum na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na mgbasa nke agbaji n'oge mgbawa hydraulic. Mmiri viscosity dị elu na-emekarị ka agbaji n'obosara n'ihi ikike ha nwere iguzogide nrụgide mmechi ma gbasaa mgbawa site na nkume ahụ. Nlele nke mmiri mmiri (CFD) na nlekota ikuku acoustic na-egosi na viscosity dị elu na-eduga na geometries agbaji mgbagwoju anya na obosara ka mma.
Agbanyeghị, a ga-eji nlezianya jikwaa mgbanwe dị n'etiti viscosity na ogologo mgbawa. Ọ bụ ezie na agbaji agbaji sara mbara na-eme ka ntinye propant dị irè na njikwa ike, mmiri viscous gabigara ókè nwere ike iwepụ nrụgide ngwa ngwa, na-egbochi mmepe nke mgbawa ogologo. Ntụnyere empirical na-egosi na ibelata viscosity n'ime oke a na-achịkwa na-eme ka ịbanye n'ime miri emi, na-enye mgbawa agbatịkwuru nke na-eme ka ohere nchekwa dịkwuo mma. Ya mere, a ga-eme ka viscosity ka mma - ọ bụghị ime ka ọ dịkwuo elu - dabere na ụdị nkume, nha propant, na atụmatụ ọrụ.
Ịgbaji mmiri mmiri, gụnyere ihe ndị na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ gbajie agbaji na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma site na mgbanwe guar gum, na-akpụzi mmalite mgbawa na usoro uto ndị na-esote. Nnwale ubi na ebe nchekwa carbonate na-akwado na ịgbanwe mkpokọta guar gum, itinye ihe ndị na-eme ka okpomọkụ sie ike, ma ọ bụ itinye ihe ndị ọzọ dabere na surfactant nwere ike imeziwanye mgbasa mgbawa, na-eme ka obosara na ogologo dịkwuo elu dabere na ihe mgbaru ọsọ mkpali.
Njikọta na Nha Ọrụ Downhole
A ghaghị ijikwa viscosity nke guar gum n'oge dị adị ka okpomọkụ na nrụgide na-agbanwe agbanwe n'oge mgbawa hydraulic. Okpomọkụ dị elu n'ime omimi nwere ike ibelata viscosity nke mmiri guar gum, na-ebelata ikike nkwụsịtụ ha. Ojiji nke crosslinkers, thermal stabilizers, na ihe mgbakwunye dị elu - dị ka thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors - na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe viscosity kacha mma, karịsịa na ebe nchekwa okpomọkụ dị elu.
Ọganihu ndị a na-enwe n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'usoro nha viscosity, gụnyere viscometrị paịpụ na nhazi regression, na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere inyocha ma gbanwee viscosity mmiri fracturing n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, tankị ngwakọta mmiri fracturing hydraulic na-ejikọta ihe mmetụta oge iji soro mgbanwe viscosity ma na-etinye guar gum ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka ihe kwụsie ike na akpaghị aka dịka ọ dị mkpa, na-ahụ na ikike ibu ihe na-aga n'ihu na-adịgide adịgide.
Ụfọdụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-agbakwunye ma ọ bụ dochie guar gum site na iji ihe na-ebelata esemokwu dị elu (HVFRs) ma ọ bụ polymers sịntetik iji mee ka nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ ka mma na obere ihe egwu fọdụrụ. Sistemụ mmiri ndị ọzọ a na-egosipụta arụmọrụ siri ike pụrụ iche na iguzogide mmebi shear, na-ejigide nnukwu viscosity maka nkwụsịtụ propant ọbụlagodi n'ọnọdụ dị oke njọ na olulu mmiri.
A na-ejikọta paramita ọrụ dịka nha propant, ntinye uche, ọsọ mmiri mmiri, na geometry fractures na atụmatụ njikwa viscosity. Imeziwanye mgbanwe ndị a na-eme ka mmiri fractures nwee ike ịkwado njem propant n'ogologo na obosara nke mgbawa achọrọ, na-ebelata ihe egwu nke mkpọchi, ọwa mmiri, ma ọ bụ mkpuchi ezughị ezu. Mgbanwe viscosity abụghị naanị na-akwado njikwa fracture kamakwa ọ na-eme ka mmiri hydrocarbon na-asọfe site na mpaghara mkpali ahụ.
Ajụjụ Ndị A Na-ajụkarị (Ajụjụ Ndị A Na-ajụkarị)
Q1: Kedu ka njupụta nke guar gum si emetụta viscosity ya na mmiri mgbawa?
Ọbara ọbara nke guar chịngọm na-abawanye ka ọ na-abawanye, nke na-eme ka ikike ibu ihe dị n'ime mmiri dịkwuo mma. Ihe ndekọ ụlọ nyocha na-akwado na mkpokọta ihe dị ka 40 pptg na-enye viscosity kwụsiri ike, ntinye mmeghe mgbawa ka mma, yana obere ihe fọdụrụ karịa mkpokọta dị elu, na-ahazi ma arụmọrụ ọrụ na ọnụ ahịa. Nnu gabigara ókè ma ọ bụ ion multivalent dị na mmiri nwere ike igbochi ọzịza guar chịngọm, na-ebelata viscosity na irè mgbawa.
Q2: Kedu ọrụ nke tankị ngwakọta na-arụ n'ịkwado ịdị mma nke ngwọta guar chịngọm?
Tankị ngwakọta mmiri hydraulic na-eme ka chịngọm guar gbasaa otu otu, na-egbochi ntụpọ na enweghị nkwekọ. A na-ahọrọ igwekota ihe dị elu, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-ebelata oge ịgwakọta ihe, na-agbaji agglomerates polymer, ma hụ na ọ na-adịgide adịgide n'oge niile nke ngwọta ahụ. Ngwaọrụ nha na-aga n'ihu n'oge na-aga n'ihu na tankị ngwakọta na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe njupụta guar gum achọrọ na ịdị mma mmiri zuru oke, na-enye ohere idozi ozugbo ma ọ bụrụ na ihe onwunwe ewepụghị na ụkpụrụ ebumnuche.
Q3: Kedu ka viscosity mmiri gbawara agbawa si emetụta ọsọ nhazi propant?
Ịgbaji mmiri mmiri bụ isi ihe na-ekpebi otú ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya si agbaze ngwa ngwa. Ịgbaji mmiri mmiri dị elu na-ebelata ọsọ ịgbaji, na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya ghara ịdị ogologo oge ma na-enye ohere ịbanye n'ime mgbawa ahụ. Ihe nlereanya mgbakọ na mwepụ na-akwado na mmiri mmiri nwere mmụba mmiri na-eme ka njem kwụ ọtọ dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ọdịdị ala ụlọ akụ ka mma, ma na-agba ume ka e tinye ihe dị n'otu nhata. Agbanyeghị, enwere mgbanwe: oke mmiri mmiri nwere ike ime ka ogologo mgbawa dị mkpụmkpụ, yabụ a ga-ahọrọ oke mmiri mmiri kacha mma maka ọnọdụ nchekwa ụfọdụ.
Q4: Kedu ihe mgbakwunye na-emetụta viscosity nke ngwọta guar gum?
Mgbanwe Sulfonation nke guar gum na-eme ka viscosity na nkwụsi ike dịkwuo mma. Ihe mgbakwunye dị ka boric acid, organoboron, na organozirconium cross-linkers na-eme ka njigide viscosity na nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ dịkwuo elu, ọkachasị n'ọnọdụ siri ike a na-ahụkarị na ọrụ mmanụ. Mmetụta ya dabere na ntinye mgbakwunye: ọkwa cross-linker dị elu na-enye viscosity ka ukwuu mana ọ nwere ike imetụta mgbanwe ọrụ na ọnụ ahịa. Nnu na ọdịnaya ionic dị na ngwọta na-arụkwa ọrụ, ebe ọ bụ na nnu dị elu (karịsịa cations multivalent) nwere ike ibelata viscosity site na igbochi ọzịza polymer.
Q5: Enwere ike ịtụle ma chịkwaa viscosity mmiri mgbe niile n'oge ọrụ mgbawa?
Ee, a na-eji viscometers dị n'ịntanetị na sistemụ nlekota ntinye aka akpaaka na-eme nha viscosity na-aga n'ihu. Viscometers paịpụ na ihe mmetụta oge a na-etinye na algọridim dị elu na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere ịchọpụta, ịhazi, na ime ka viscosity mmiri gbawara agbawa dịkwuo mma ozugbo. Sistemụ ndị a nwere ike ịkwụghachi mkpọtụ sensọ na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-ebute arụmọrụ ka mma nke ibu propant na nsonaazụ fricturing hydraulic kachasị mma. Sistemụ njikwa ọgụgụ isi na-enyekwa aka ịhazi mgbanwe ngwa ngwa na ogo mmiri ma ọ bụ ọnụego mwepụta.
Oge ozi: Nọvemba-05-2025
