Control of Sodium Sulfate Concentration in the Leather Tanning Process

Iheusoro ịgba akpụkpọ anụna-agbanwe akpụkpọ anụ e ji aka mee ka ọ bụrụ akpụkpọ anụ siri ike ma dị nro, nke a rụchara arụcha kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ ma na-agbanwe agbanwe site na teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ. Isi ihe dị mkpa na usoro a, ọkachasị n'ime usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe.usoro akpụkpọ anụ chromium, bụ njikwa kpọmkwem nke oke kemịkalụ, dịkasodium sulfate, iji hụ na akpụkpọ anụ dị mma ma na-agbaso iwu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ngbanwe dị na mkpokọta ndị a nwere ike imebi ihe onwunwe anụ ahụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ ma mee ka ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dịkwuo elu, ebe ụzọ nlekota ọdịnala anaghị adịkarị mma n'ịgwọ nsogbu nke mgbasa ozi na-emebi emebi na mkpa oge. Isiokwu a na-enyocha ọrụ dị mkpa nkemkpokọta sodium sulfatena chrome tanning, ihe mgbagwoju anya nke usoro ahụ, mmachi nke nlekota ọdịnala, na uru mgbanwe nke mita ntinye aka dị elu, dị ka Lonnmeter, n'inweta nkenke na arụmọrụ.

Mkpokọta Chrome: Isi ihe dị mkpa nke ịdị mma akpụkpọ anụ

Chromium, nke bụ isi n'ụdị chromium sulfate (BCS), bụ isi ihe na-eme ka akpụkpọ anụ agba agba nke oge a, na-akpata 80-90% nke mmepụta akpụkpọ anụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ihi ikike ya imepụta akpụkpọ anụ nwere nkwụsi ike hydrothermal pụrụ iche, mgbanwe, na njirimara agba agba. Ntinye chromium na mmanya agba agba na-emetụta kpọmkwem okpomọkụ mkpụmkpụ akpụkpọ ahụ (Ts), ike nrụgide, na ịdị nro. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nchọpụta na-egosi na mmụba 10.8% na ọdịnaya Cr₂O₃ na akpụkpọ anụ nwere ike ime ka nkesa eriri collagen na njirimara igwe dịkwuo mma. Agbanyeghị, irè nke itinye chromium dabere na kemịkalụ ndị na-akwado ya, ọkachasịsodium sulfate, nke na-eme ka pH nke bat tanning sie ike ma na-enyere aka ịbanye na chromium.mkpokọta sodium sulfatenwere ike imebi nguzozi a dị nro, na-ebute ịgba agba na-adịghị mma, chromium adịghị anabata nke ọma, na mma akpụkpọ anụ mebiri emebi. Ya mere, ịnọgide na-enwe oke kachasị mma abụghị naanị ihe achọrọ na teknụzụ kama ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa iji chọpụta ogologo oge na ịma mma nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.

IheUsoro Ịkpụcha akpụkpọ anụ

Iheusoro ịgba akpụkpọ anụbụ usoro kemịkalụ na usoro igwe dị mgbagwoju anya nke e mere iji gbanwee akpụkpọ anụ ndị na-emebi emebi ka ọ bụrụ akpụkpọ anụ kwụsiri ike, nke nwere ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche. Ọ na-amalite site na ọrụ ụlọ beamhouse - ịgwọ, ịmịnye, ịchacha, iwepụ ntutu isi, ịkpụ akpụkpọ ahụ, iwepụ akpụkpọ ahụ, ịchacha, na ịchacha - ịkwadebe akpụkpọ ahụ maka ịgba ntutu site na iwepụ ntutu isi, abụba, na protein mgbe ọ na-agbanwe pH ya. Oge ịgba ntutu na-esote, ebe a na-agbanwe eriri collagen nke akpụkpọ ahụ site na kemịkalụ iji mee ka ogologo oge na iguzogide ire ere dịkwuo mma. Usoro mgbe agbachara agba, gụnyere ịgba agba, ịgba agba, na ịgba abụba, na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị mma na udidi ya. N'ime usoro ịgba ntutu isi,usoro akpụkpọ anụ chromiumỌ na-achịkwa n'ihi ọsọ na ikike ya imepụta akpụkpọ anụ a na-agbatị agbatị, nke dị elu nke dabara adaba maka ojiji dị ka akpa aka, uwe, na ihe mkpuchi.

Nchịkọta nkeUsoro Chromium nke na-eme ka akpụkpọ anụ tan

Iheusoro akpụkpọ anụ chromiumbụ usoro dị mfe ma dị irè nke na-emecha ịgba ọkụ n'ime otu ụbọchị, nke dị nnọọ iche na izu ma ọ bụ ọnwa achọrọ maka ịgba ọkụ n'ime akwụkwọ nri. Ọ gụnyere ọtụtụ usoro dị mkpa:

Ịmikpu na ỊkwụsịA na-etinye akpụkpọ ahụ n'ime mmiri iji mee ka mmiri dịghachi ma wepụ nnu ka ọ ghara ịcha, wee jiri calcium hydroxide na sodium sulfide mee ka ntutu dị jụụ ma kwadebe collagen matrix.

Ịtụ achịchaA na-etinye akpụkpọ anụ ahụ n'ime mmiri acidic nke nwere sodium chloride (6-8% site na ibu) na sulfuric ma ọ bụ formic acid iji belata pH ruo 2.5-3.0, na-echebe collagen site na ọzịza acid ma na-eme ka chromium banye n'ime ahụ.

Tanning: A na-etinye chromium sulfate (6-8% site na ibu pelt, nke nwere ~25% Cr₂O₃) n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ iji mepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya na collagen. A na-eji sodium bicarbonate eme ka pH ahụ dị elu ruo 3.8-4.0 iji kwalite njikọta, na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ "acha anụnụ anụnụ mmiri mmiri" mara nke agba ya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.

Mgbe Tanning gasịrị: Ịchacha akpụkpọ ahụ, ịcha agba ya, na ịchacha ya na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dịkwuo mma, yanasodium sulfatena-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwụsi ike ngwọta na inyere aka idozi ihe na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị nro.

Sodium sulfatena Ọgwụgwọ Mgbe Tanning gasịrị

Sodium sulfatedị oke mkpa na mgbanye ntutu mgbe agbachara ntutu, ọkachasị na nhazi nke ihe na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị ọcha na nke na-eme ka ọ dị mma, na-ahụ na akpụkpọ ahụ na-adị mma ma na-agbaso iwu gburugburu ebe obibi.

Usoro ỊkwụsịNnu dị elu sitere na pikling, ọkachasị sodium chloride, na-eme ka ihe siri ike agbaze agbaze (TDS) dị elu na ihe ndị na-esi na ya apụta, na-eweta nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.Sodium sulfateA na-eji ya eme ihe n'ịsachapụ mmiri iji belata ọkwa chloride, na-anọchi ihe ruru 80% nke sodium chloride n'ụfọdụ usoro. Ndochi a na-ebelata TDS, ebe ọmụmụ ihe na-egosi mbelata ruru 97% na sistemụ tanning na-adịghị emebi emebi gburugburu ebe obibi, na-ebelata nnu nke mmiri mkpofu a na-awụpụ n'ime mmiri nsị ọha.

Usoro Ndozi Ihe Maka Tanning:Sodium sulfatena-eme ka pH nke bat tanning sie ike ma na-eme ka chromium na-abata site na ịhazi mmeghachi omume nke collagen na chromium complexes. Ọ na-egbochi tanning elu ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ọ banye n'otu ebe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịnọgide na-enwe otu ọnọdụ ahụ.mkpokọta sodium sulfatenwere ike ime ka nnabata chrome dịkwuo mma site na 28.5%, na-ebelata chromium fọdụrụ na ihe ndị na-esi na ya apụta site na 2000-5000 mg/L ruo n'okpuru 300 mg/L, na-agbaso iwu gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike.

Mmetụta nke Mgbanwe Nlebara Anya na Usoro na Ogo

Mgbanwe dị namkpokọta sodium sulfatenwere ike imetụta nke ukwuuusoro ịgba akpụkpọ anụna ngwaahịa a na-esi na ya apụta. Oke oke nwere ike ibute nnu gabiga ókè, na-akpata ọzịza collagen, ọka siri ike, na mbelata nro, ebe oke oke nwere ike ibute enweghị chromium, na-ebute agba na-adịghị mma na akpụkpọ anụ adịghị ike. Enweghị nkwekọrịta dị otú ahụ na-eme ka ọnụego mbenata dịkwuo elu - ọmụmụ ihe na-akọ na mmụba site na 1.3% ruo 5.2% na njikwa nnu na-adịghị mma - ma na-ebuli ọkwa chromium nke na-asọpụta, na-eme ka mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi ka njọ. Ọzọkwa, oke TDS sitere na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu na-adịghị mma, na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa ọrụ. Kpọmkwemnlekota njupụta nke ngwọta tanningYa mere, ọ dị mkpa iji nọgide na-enwe mma akpụkpọ anụ ma na-agbaso ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, dịka oke chromium nke 20 mg/L maka mwepụta mmiri.

Ihe ịma aka dị naNlekota Ntinye Aka nke Ngwọta Tanning

Nlekotamkpokọta sodium sulfaten'imeusoro akpụkpọ anụ chromiumna-enye nnukwu ihe mgbochi n'ihi ọnọdụ siri ike na mmachi nke usoro ọdịnala.

Ihe Ndị Na-adịghị Mma n'Ịtụ Ihe n'Ọdịnala: Usoro ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe, dịka titration ma ọ bụ gravimetric analysis, na-ewe oge, ma na-enwekarị mmejọ mmadụ. Usoro ndị a na-anọghị n'ịntanetị chọrọ nlele na nyocha ụlọ nyocha, na-egbu oge mgbanwe usoro na itinye ọdịiche dị n'ihe ize ndụ nke àgwà.

Mgbasa Ozi Na-emebi Ihe: Ihe ọṅụṅụ na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị ọcha, nke nwere obere pH (2.5-4.0) na nnukwu mkpokọta asịd, nnu, na chromium, na-emebi ihe nke ukwuu, na-emebi ihe mmetụta ọdịnala ma na-achọ mmezi ma ọ bụ nnọchi mgbe niile.

Ihe Ndị A Chọrọ Maka Nlekota Na-aga n'ihu: Ọdịdị mgbanwe nke tanning na-achọ data ozugbo iji gbanwee ntinye kemịkalụ ngwa ngwa. Nnwale otu anaghị ejide mgbanwe ngwa ngwa namkpokọta sodium sulfate, na-eduga n'ịcha akpụkpọ ahụ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na mmụba nke ihe mkpofu.

Nhazi na Izi eziNgwa ọdịnala na-enwekarị nsogbu na nhazi ya n'ihu ọtụtụ ion, nke na-eduga n'agụmakwụkwọ na-ezighi ezi na njikwa usoro a na-apụghị ịtụkwasị obi.

Nrubeisi Gburugburu Ebe ObibiIwu siri ike, dịka ndị na-egbochi TDS na chromium n'ime ihe ndị na-ekpochapu ihe, chọrọ nlekota ziri ezi iji zere ntaramahụhụ dị oke ọnụ ma hụ na ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide.

Mita Ntụnye Ọnụnọ Lonnmeter Dị Elu

Igwe mita Lonnmetermita ntinye kemịkalụna-anọchite anya ọganihu nanlekota njupụta nke ngwọta tanning, nke e mere iji dozie nsogbu nke mgbasa ozi na-emebi emebi na nlekota na-aga n'ihu. Ngwaọrụ inline dị elu a na-eji teknụzụ sensọ siri ike, nke na-eguzogide gburugburu acidic na nnu, iji nye nha ziri ezi n'oge na-adịghị anya nkemkpokọta sodium sulfateN'adịghị ka usoro ọdịnala, Lonnmeter na-ejikọta nke ọma na drum tanning, na-enye data na-aga n'ihu na-enweghị mkpa maka nnwale aka. Ihe mmetụta ya dị elu na-eme ka nhazi a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, ọbụlagodi na mmanya dị mgbagwoju anya, ebe nhazi ya na-adịgide adịgide na-ebelata mmezi, na-ebelata oge nkwụsị na ọnụ ahịa. Site n'inyere aka ijikwa ntinye kemịkalụ nke ọma, Lonnmeter na-eme ka nnabata chromium dịkwuo mma, na-ebelata ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ, ma na-akwado ịgbaso ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

Uru nke Ịtụle Ntụkọta Ọnụnọ n'Intanet

Iji ngwaọrụ dịka Lonnmeter eme ihe iji tụọ njupụta inline na-agbanweusoro ịgba akpụkpọ anụsite n'inye:

Mmezi Usoro Emelitere: Nlekota oge a na-enye ohere ime mgbanwe ozugbo, ibelata mkpofu kemịkalụ na ime ka oge akpụkpọ ahụ ka mma. Ọmụmụ ihe na-egosi na sistemụ inline nwere ike ime ka oge akpụkpọ ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ ruo otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ ebe ọ na-eme ka nnabata chrome dịkwuo mma site na 13.8-28.5%.

Mma Akpụkpọ Akpụ Kachasị Mma: Na-agbanwe agbanwemkpokọta sodium sulfatena-eme ka chromium banye n'otu ebe, na-eme ka ike nrụgide akpụkpọ ahụ dịkwuo mma, na-eguzogide ndọda, na ịdị nro, yana ọnụego mbelata dị ala dịka 1.3%.

Nkwado Gburugburu Ebe Obibi: Site n'ibelata chromium na TDS fọdụrụ na ihe ndị na-ekpochapu ihe, nlekota inline na-akwado tanning na-adịghị emebi gburugburu ebe obibi, na-ebelata BOD, COD, na TDS site na ruo 88%, 89%, na 97%, n'otu n'otu, na usoro dị elu.

Nchekwa Ọnụego: Mbelata ojiji kemịkalụ, mbelata ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ mmiri, na mbelata mmefu mmezi na-eme ka uru ọrụ dịkwuo mma.

Nrubeisi Iwu: Njikwa ziri ezi kwekọrọ na iwu gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike, na-ezere ntaramahụhụ ma na-akwado mmepụta akpụkpọ anụ na-adịgide adịgide.

Mkpebi nke Data Na-akwalite: Ntanetị data na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka mmezi amụma na nhazi usoro dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka arụmọrụ akpụkpọ anụ zuru oke dịkwuo mma.

Maka ụlọ ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ na-achọ ịkwalite hausoro akpụkpọ anụ chromium, Lonnmeter Concentration Mita na-enye ngwọta a nwapụtara iji mara nke ọmamkpokọta sodium sulfatenjikwa. Kpọtụrụ anyị taa ka ị rịọ maka ọnụahịa (RFQ) maka Lonnmeter ma chọpụta otu nha njupụta n'ime ahịrị nwere ike isi gbanwee ọrụ tanning gị. Soro na-ebute ụzọ n'ịmepụta akpụkpọ anụ na-adịgide adịgide site na iji teknụzụ nke na-enye nsonaazụ.

Mee Ihe Ugbu A

Oge ozi: Sep-01-2025