I. Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Ntsuas Viscosity ntawm Roj Hmab hauv Kev Tsim Khoom SBR
Kev tsim cov roj hmab Styrene Butadiene (SBR) zoo nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab kev saib xyuas nws cov khoom rheological. Viscosity, uas ntsuas qhov tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv, yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws physicochemical parameter uas qhia txog ob qho tib si processability ntawm cov roj hmab nruab nrab thiab qhov kawg zoo index ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Nyob rau hauv lubroj hmab ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtawstxheej txheem tsim khoom, viscosity muab ib qho kev sawv cev ncaj qha, ntsuas tau rau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polymer, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws qhov hnyav molecular (MW) thiab qhov hnyav molecular faib (MWD). Tsis sib xwskev ntsuas viscosity ntawm roj hmabncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev tuav cov khoom siv thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov khoom tiav. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas muaj viscosity siab dhau ua rau muaj kev txwv loj heev rau kev ua haujlwm downstream xws li extrusion lossis calendering, ua rau siv zog ntau dua, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv, thiab ua rau cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas muaj viscosity qis heev yuav tsis muaj lub zog yaj uas xav tau los tswj kev ncaj ncees thaum lub sijhawm tsim lossis theem kho thaum kawg.
Styrene-Butadiene Roj Hmab (SBR)
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Tshaj li kev siv tshuab xwb, kev tswj viscosity yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav kev sib kis ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, xws li carbon dub thiab silica. Qhov sib xws ntawm qhov kev sib kis no qhia txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab kawg, suav nrog cov ntsuas tseem ceeb xws li lub zog tensile, kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam, thiab tus cwj pwm dynamic nyuaj tom qabcov txheej txheem ntawm vulcanization ntawm roj hmab.
II. Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Styrene Butadiene Roj Hmab (SBR)
Styrene Butadiene Roj Hmab yog dab tsi??
Styrene Butadiene Roj Hmab (SBR) yog ib qho elastomer hluavtaws uas siv tau ntau yam, siv dav vim nws qhov sib piv zoo heev rau kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj ntau yam khoom siv. SBR yog synthesized ua ib qho copolymer uas tau los ntawm 1,3-butadiene (kwv yees li 75%) thiab styrene monomers (kwv yees li 25%). Cov monomers no tau sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm kev tshuaj lom neeg hu ua copolymerization, tsim cov saw polymer ntev, ntau chav. SBR yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ruaj khov siab thiab kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam zoo heev, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov log tsheb.
Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom Siv Roj Hmab
Kev tsim SBR yog ua tiav los ntawm ob txoj kev sib txawv ntawm kev lag luam polymerization, uas ua rau cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab xav tau kev tswj hwm viscosity tshwj xeeb thaum lub sijhawm ua kua.
Kev Ua Kom Muaj Polymerization (E-SBR):Hauv txoj kev no, cov monomers raug faib tawm lossis emulsified hauv cov kua dej siv cov tshuaj surfactant zoo li xab npum. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog pib los ntawm cov neeg pib dawb radical thiab xav tau cov stabilizers kom tiv thaiv cov khoom puas tsuaj. E-SBR tuaj yeem tsim tau los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem kub lossis txias; txias E-SBR, tshwj xeeb, yog paub txog kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam zoo dua, lub zog tensile, thiab kev ywj pheej tsawg.
Kev Ua Kom Muaj Tshuaj Polymerization (S-SBR):Txoj kev siv tshuab no feem ntau yog siv cov anionic polymerization, feem ntau yog siv cov alkyl lithium initiator (xws li butyllithium) hauv cov hydrocarbon solvent, feem ntau yog hexane lossis cyclohexane. Cov qib S-SBR feem ntau muaj qhov hnyav molecular siab dua thiab kev faib tawm nqaim dua, ua rau muaj cov khoom zoo dua xws li kev ywj pheej zoo dua, lub zog tensile siab, thiab kev tiv thaiv dov qis dua hauv cov log tsheb, ua rau S-SBR yog cov khoom kim dua thiab kim dua.
Qhov tseem ceeb, hauv ob qho txheej txheem, qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav los ntawm kev qhia cov saw hlau terminator lossis tus neeg sawv cev luv luv rau hauv cov reactor effluent. Qhov no tswj qhov ntev ntawm cov saw hlau kawg, ib kauj ruam uas ncaj qha tsim qhov hnyav molecular pib thiab, yog li ntawd, lub hauv pausviscosity ntawm roj hmabua ntej sib xyaw.
Cov Khoom ntawm Styrene Butadiene Roj Hmab
SBR muaj nqis rau qhov muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab:
Kev Ua Haujlwm Txhua Yam:Lub zog tseem ceeb suav nrog lub zog tensile siab, uas feem ntau yog txij li 500 txog 3,000 PSI, ua ke nrog kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam zoo heev. SBR kuj ua pov thawj tias nws tiv taus kev sib txhuam thiab kev cuam tshuam siab. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom siv no yog qhov tsis yooj yim tawg, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tso cai rau kev siv cov khoom siv ntxiv, xws li carbon dub, los txhim kho lub zog thiab tiv taus UV.
Cov Tshuaj thiab Thermal Profile:Txawm hais tias feem ntau tiv taus dej, cawv, ketones, thiab qee cov organic acids, SBR muaj qhov tsis zoo. Nws tsis tiv taus roj av, roj hydrocarbon aromatic, ozone, thiab cov kuab tshuaj halogenated. Thermally, SBR tswj kev ywj pheej thoob plaws ntau yam, nrog rau kev siv tas mus li ntawm kwv yees li 225 ° F thiab qhov kub qis qis txuas mus txog -60 ℉.
Viscosity ua tus Qhia Tseem Ceeb ntawm Qhov Hnyav Molecular thiab Cov Qauv Saw
Cov yam ntxwv rheological ntawm cov polymer nyoos yog qhov tseem ceeb txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv molecular - qhov ntev thiab qib ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov saw polymer - tsim thaum lub sijhawm polymerization. Qhov hnyav molecular siab dua feem ntau txhais tau tias muaj viscosity siab dua thiab qhov qis dua ntawm cov nqi ntws yaj (MFR / MVR). Yog li ntawd, kev ntsuas qhov intrinsic viscosity (IV) tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov tso tawm reactor yog qhov sib npaug rau kev saib xyuas tas li ntawm kev tsim cov qauv molecular npaj tseg.
III. Cov Ntsiab Cai Rheological uas Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua SBR
Cov ntsiab cai ntawm rheological, kev vam khom rau tus nqi shear, kev rhiab heev ntawm qhov kub/siab.
Kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab ntws li cas, muab cov qauv kev tshawb fawb rau kev nkag siab txog tus cwj pwm ntawm SBR nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam. SBR yog tus cwj pwm ua cov khoom siv viscoelastic nyuaj, txhais tau tias nws muaj cov yam ntxwv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm viscous (tas mus li, zoo li kua) thiab elastic (rov qab tau, zoo li khoom khov). Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv no nyob ntawm qhov nrawm thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv.
Cov tshuaj SBR yog cov kua dej uas tsis yog Newtonian. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv pom tseebroj hmab viscositytsis yog tus nqi tas mus li tab sis qhia txog qhov tseem ceebkev vam khom ntawm tus nqi shear; qhov viscosity txo qis ntau thaum qhov shear rate nce ntxiv ib qho phenomenon hu ua shear thinning. Tus cwj pwm tsis yog Newtonian no muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev tswj hwm zoo. Cov nqi viscosity tau txais ntawm qhov shear rates qis, xws li cov ntsuas hauv kev ntsuas Mooney viscometer ib txwm muaj, tej zaum yuav muab qhov sawv cev tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv qhov siab shear rates inherent hauv kev sib tov, kneading, lossis extrusion operations. Tshaj li shear, viscosity kuj tseem rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias; cov txheej txheem cua sov txo cov viscosity, uas pab ntws. Thaum lub siab kuj cuam tshuam rau viscosity, tswj qhov kub thiab txias ruaj khov thiab keeb kwm shear sib xws yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim viscosity tuaj yeem hloov pauv dynamically nrog shear, siab, thiab lub sijhawm ua tiav.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Cov Plasticizers, Cov Khoom Sau, thiab Cov Khoom Pab Ua Haujlwm rau SBR Viscosity
Lubkev ua roj hmabtheem, hu ua compounding, cuam tshuam nrog kev sib xyaw ntau yam khoom ntxiv uas hloov pauv lub hauv paus SBR polymer lub rheology:
Cov khoom yas:Cov roj ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho qhov yooj ywm thiab kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm SBR. Lawv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txo cov viscosity ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, uas tib lub sijhawm ua kom yooj yim rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom sau thiab ua kom cov polymer matrix mos.
Cov khoom sau:Cov neeg sawv cev txhawb zog, feem ntau yog carbon dub thiab silica, ua rau cov khoom siv viscosity ntau ntxiv, ua rau muaj cov xwm txheej nyuaj uas tsav los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom sau-sau thiab cov khoom sau-polymer. Kev ua tiav qhov kev sib kis zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov sib npaug; cov neeg sawv cev xws li glycerol tuaj yeem siv los ua kom cov khoom sau lignosulfonate mos, kho qhov viscosity ntawm cov khoom sau ze rau SBR matrix viscosity, yog li txo cov agglomerate tsim thiab txhim kho qhov sib xws.
Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Vulcanizing:Cov tshuaj no, suav nrog cov sulfur thiab cov tshuaj ua kom nrawm dua, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj tsis tau kho. Lawv cuam tshuam rau cov yam xws li kev nyab xeeb kub hnyiab (kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ua ntej). Lwm cov tshuaj ntxiv tshwj xeeb, xws li fumed silica, yuav siv tau zoo ua cov neeg sawv cev ua kom viscosity nce ntxiv kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, xws li tsim cov zaj duab xis tuab dua yam tsis hloov cov khoom khov tag nrho.
Txuas Rheology rau Vulcanization ntawm cov txheej txheem roj hmab thiab Qhov Kawg Cross-Link Density
Qhov kev kho mob rheological uas tau muab thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw thiab tsim yog txuas ncaj qha rau qhov kev ua haujlwm kawg ntawm cov khoom vulcanized.
Kev sib xws thiab kev tawg:Cov qauv viscosity tsis sib xws thaum lub sijhawm sib tov - feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov zog tsis zoo - ua rau muaj kev sib kis tsis zoo thiab kev faib tawm tsis sib xws ntawm cov pob txuas (sulfur thiab accelerators).
Cov txheej txheem ntawm Vulcanization ntawm roj hmab:Cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg no uas tsis rov qab ua tau yog cua sov cov tshuaj SBR, feem ntau nrog cov leej faj, los tsim cov kev sib txuas mus tas li ntawm cov saw hlau polymer, ua rau cov roj hmab muaj zog, elasticity, thiab durability zoo dua. Cov txheej txheem no muaj peb theem: theem induction (scorch) qhov twg pib shaping tshwm sim; theem cross-linking lossis curing (kev tshuaj tiv thaiv sai ntawm 250 ℉ txog 400 ℉; thiab lub xeev zoo tshaj plaws.
Qhov Ceev Ntawm Qhov Txuas:Cov khoom siv kho tshuab kawg yog tswj hwm los ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas. D siab duaccov nqi cuam tshuam kev txav ntawm cov saw hlau molecular, ua rau lub modulus khaws cia nce thiab cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv cov lus teb viscoelastic tsis-linear (hu ua Payne effect). Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm rheological kom meej hauv cov theem tsis kho, cov txheej txheem ua tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov precursors molecular tau npaj kom raug rau cov tshuaj kho tom ntej.
IV. Cov Teeb Meem Uas Muaj Lawm Hauv Kev Ntsuas Viscosity
Cov Kev Txwv ntawm Kev Ntsuas Offline Ib Txwm Muaj
Qhov kev vam khom dav dav rau cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas zoo ib txwm muaj, tsis tu ncua, thiab siv zog ua haujlwm ntau ua rau muaj kev txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim khoom SBR tas mus li, ua rau tsis muaj kev txhim kho sai.
Kev Kwv Yees thiab Kev Lag Luam ntawm Mooney Viscosity:Ib qho ntsuas qhov zoo tseem ceeb, Mooney viscosity, feem ntau yog ntsuas offline. Vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm lub cev thiab viscosity siab ntawm kev lag luamcov txheej txheem tsim roj hmab, nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas ncaj qha rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag hauv lub tshuab sib tov sab hauv. Ntxiv mus, kev kwv yees qhov tseeb ntawm tus nqi no siv cov qauv kev sim ib txwm muaj yog qhov nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas muaj cov khoom sau. Lub sijhawm qeeb uas cuam tshuam nrog kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob ua rau qeeb cov kev kho, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo nyiaj txiag ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv tsis raws li qhov tau teev tseg ntau.
Keeb Kwm Kho Tshuab Hloov Kho:Capillary rheometry, txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm piav qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntws, xav tau kev npaj ntau yam qauv. Cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau rov ua dua rau hauv cov qhov ntev cylindrical tshwj xeeb ua ntej kuaj, ib qho txheej txheem uas hloov kho keeb kwm kho tshuab ntawm cov tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, qhov viscosity ntsuas tau yuav tsis qhia meej txog qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm cov tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm ua lag luam.kev ua roj hmab.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ib Qho Tsis Txaus:Cov kev ntsuas tus qauv ntawm cov dej ntws (MFR) lossis cov dej ntws (MVR) tsuas yog ua rau muaj ib qho ntsuas dej ntws ntawm cov xwm txheej ruaj khov. Qhov no tsis txaus rau cov SBR uas tsis yog Newtonian. Ob pawg sib txawv yuav ua rau pom cov nqi MVR zoo ib yam tab sis muaj cov viscosities sib txawv ntawm cov nqi shear siab uas cuam tshuam rau extrusion. Qhov sib txawv no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua tsis tiav uas tsis tau kwv yees ua ntej.
Tus nqi thiab kev thauj mus los:Kev siv kev tshuaj xyuas hauv chaw kuaj mob sab nraud ua rau muaj kev siv nyiaj ntau thiab kev ncua sijhawm. Kev saib xyuas tas mus li muab qhov zoo dua rau kev lag luam los ntawm kev txo cov qauv uas xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas sab nraud.
Qhov Kev Sib Tw ntawm Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Sib xyaw SBR Uas Muaj Viscosity Siab Thiab Ntau Theem
Kev siv cov roj hmab sib xyaw ua lag luam muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj viscosities siab heev thiab muaj tus cwj pwm viscoelastic nyuaj, tsim cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb rau kev ntsuas ncaj qha.
Kev plam thiab tawg:Cov roj hmab uas muaj viscosity siab thiab viscoelastic feem ntau yuav muaj teeb meem xws li phab ntsa ntog thiab elasticity ua rau cov qauv tawg thaum kuaj hauv cov rheometers qhib ciam teb ib txwm muaj. Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, xws li lub oscillating die rheometer nrog lub qauv tsim serrated, kaw ciam teb, yog qhov tsim nyog los kov yeej cov teebmeem no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv puv uas muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm polymer-filler.
Kev Txij Nkawm thiab Kev Ntxuav:Cov txheej txheem ntws los ntawm online lossis capillary feem ntau raug kev txhaws vim yog qhov nplaum thiab viscosity siab ntawm cov polymers thiab cov khoom sau. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua cov txheej txheem ntxuav kom huv si thiab ua rau lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm kim heev, qhov tsis zoo hauv kev teeb tsa kev tsim khoom tas mus li.
Qhov xav tau rau lub cuab yeej viscosity intrinsic rau cov tshuaj polymer.
Hauv cov tshuaj thawj zaug lossis theem slurry, tom qab polymerization, qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb yog intrinsic viscosity (IV), uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog qhov hnyav molecular thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm polymer. Cov txheej txheem kuaj ib txwm muaj (piv txwv li, GPC lossis iav capillaries) qeeb dhau rau kev tswj hwm lub sijhawm tiag tiag.
Ib puag ncig kev lag luam xav tau kev siv tshuab thiab muaj zogcov cuab yeej ntsuas viscosity intrinsicCov kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub no, xws li IVA Versa, ua kom tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tau zoo siv lub ntsuas viscosity dual-capillary los ntsuas qhov viscosity ntawm cov kua, txo qhov kev sib cuag ntawm cov neeg siv nrog cov kuab tshuaj thiab ua tiav qhov tseeb siab (RSD tus nqi qis dua 1%). Rau cov ntawv thov inline hauv theem yaj, Side Stream Online-Rheometers (SSR) tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus nqi IV-Rheo raws li kev ntsuas viscosity txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov nrawm shear tas li. Qhov kev ntsuas no tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo uas tso cai rau kev saib xyuas MW kev hloov pauv hauv cov dej yaj.
V. Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Soj Ntsuam Viscosity
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas online ntawm polymerization reactor discharge, mixing/kneading, thiab pre-extrusion forming.
Kev siv kev ntsuas viscosity hauv online yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias peb theem txheej txheem tseem ceeb - polymerization, compounding (sib tov), thiab kev tsim kawg (extrusion) - txhua tus tsim cov yam ntxwv rheological tshwj xeeb, tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau. Kev tswj hwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tiv thaiv cov qhov tsis zoo los ntawm kev dhau mus rau sab qis.
Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm Polymerization Reactor: Kev saib xyuas kev hloov pauv, qhov hnyav ntawm molecular.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm theem no yog los tswj qhov nrawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd thiab qhov hnyav molecular kawg (MW) faib ntawm SBR polymer.
Kev paub txog qhov hnyav ntawm cov molecular uas hloov zuj zus yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim nws txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm lub cev; txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj feem ntsuas MW tsuas yog thaum ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov slurry lossis cov kua viscosity (kwv yees qhov intrinsic viscosity) ncaj qha taug qab qhov ntev ntawm cov saw thiab cov qauv tsim.
Los ntawm kev siv cov lus teb viscosity tiag tiag, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem siv kev tswj hwm dynamic, proactive. Qhov no tso cai rau kev hloov kho qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntws ntawm lub molecular weight regulator lossis tus neeg sawv cev luv luv.ua ntejQhov kev hloov pauv monomer ncav cuag nws qhov siab tshaj plaws. Lub peev xwm no tsa kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas zoo (uas cuam tshuam nrog kev pov tseg lossis rov ua dua cov khoom tsis raws li qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb) mus rau kev tswj hwm tas mus li ntawm cov qauv polymer lub hauv paus. Piv txwv li, kev saib xyuas tas mus li ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov polymer Mooney viscosity raw ua tau raws li cov lus qhia thaum tus nqi hloov pauv mus txog 70%. Kev siv cov khoom siv rugged, inline torsional resonator probes, uas tau tsim los tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab siab ntawm cov reactor effluents, yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no.
Kev Sib Tov/Kev Sib Zom: Kev ua kom cov khoom ntxiv sib xyaw zoo tshaj plaws, kev tswj hwm kev txiav, thiab kev siv zog.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm theem sib tov, feem ntau ua tiav hauv lub tshuab sib tov sab hauv, yog kom ua tiav qhov sib xyaw ua ke, homogeneous dispersion ntawm cov polymer, cov khoom siv txhawb nqa, thiab cov khoom pab ua haujlwm thaum tswj hwm cov keeb kwm thermal thiab shear ntawm cov tshuaj.
Cov qauv viscosity ua haujlwm ua qhov qhia tau zoo ntawm kev sib tov. Cov zog siab uas tsim los ntawm cov rotors ua rau cov roj hmab tawg thiab ua tiav kev sib kis. Los ntawm kev saib xyuas qhov kev hloov pauv viscosity (feem ntau xav los ntawm lub zog tiag tiag thiab lub zog nkag), qhov tseebqhov kawgntawm lub voj voog sib tov tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tau meej. Txoj hauv kev no zoo dua li kev cia siab rau lub sijhawm sib tov ruaj khov, uas tuaj yeem ntev li ntawm 15 txog 40 feeb thiab feem ntau yuav muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj thiab lwm yam sab nraud.
Kev tswj cov viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas tau teev tseg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom zoo. Kev tswj tsis txaus ua rau muaj kev sib kis tsis zoo thiab muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kawg. Rau cov roj hmab uas muaj viscosity siab, kev sib tov kom txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ua tiav qhov kev sib kis tsim nyog. Vim tias qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ntxig lub sensor lub cev rau hauv qhov chaw turbulent, high-viscosity ib puag ncig ntawm lub tshuab sib tov sab hauv, kev tswj hwm siab heev vam khom raucov sensors mosCov qauv no siv cov ntaub ntawv los ua cov txheej txheem hloov pauv (qhov ceev ntawm lub rotor, qhov kub thiab txias, lub zog rub) los kwv yees qhov zoo kawg ntawm pawg, xws li nws cov Mooney viscosity, yog li muab qhov kwv yees tiag tiag ntawm qhov ntsuas zoo.
Lub peev xwm txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm kev sib tov zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov qauv viscosity tiag tiag ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab lub zog. Yog tias ib pawg ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj viscosity dispersion sai dua li lub sijhawm voj voog teem tseg, txuas ntxiv cov txheej txheem sib tov yuav pov tseg lub zog thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ua rau cov saw hlau polymer puas tsuaj los ntawm kev sib tov ntau dhau. Kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem raws li cov qauv viscosity tuaj yeem txo cov sijhawm voj voog los ntawm 15-28%, txhais tau ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov nqi nce.
Ua Ntej Extrusion / Kev Tsim: Xyuas kom meej tias cov dej ntws yaj sib xws, qhov ntev ruaj khov.
Cov theem no suav nrog kev ua kom cov roj hmab sib xyaw ua ke thiab yuam nws los ntawm lub pwm kom tsim tau ib qho profile txuas ntxiv, feem ntau xav tau kev sib xyaw ua ke.
Kev tswj qhov viscosity ntawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim nws ncaj qha tswj hwm lub zog polymer yaj thiab kev ntws. Cov dej ntws qis dua (viscosity siab dua) feem ntau nyiam rau extrusion, vim nws muab lub zog yaj siab dua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm cov duab tswj (kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev) ntawm qhov profile thiab txo qhov o ntawm cov tuag. Cov dej ntws tsis sib xws (MFR / MVR) ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom: cov dej ntws siab tuaj yeem ua rau flashing, thaum cov dej ntws qis tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsis tiav lossis porosity.
Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tswj viscosity hauv extrusion, uas yooj yim rau kev cuam tshuam sab nraud thiab tus cwj pwm rheological tsis yog linear, xav tau cov txheej txheem tswj hwm siab heev. Cov txheej txheem zoo li Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) raug siv los tswj cov kev hloov pauv viscosity, ua tiav kev ua tau zoo dua hauv kev tswj hwm lub hom phiaj viscosity pom tseeb piv rau cov tswj hwm Proportional-Integral (PI).
Qhov sib xws ntawm cov viscosity yaj ntawm lub taub hau tuag yog qhov txiav txim siab kawg ntawm cov khoom zoo thiab kev lees txais geometric. Extrusion ua rau muaj cov teebmeem viscoelastic ntau tshaj plaws, thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev yog qhov rhiab heev rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov viscosity yaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov nqi shear siab. Kev ntsuas online ntawm cov viscosity yaj tam sim ntawd ua ntej lub pwm tso cai rau kev hloov kho sai, tsis siv neeg ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem (piv txwv li, qhov ceev ntawm lub hau lossis qhov kub thiab txias) kom tswj tau qhov viscosity pom tseeb, ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tseeb geometric thiab txo cov khoom seem.
Rooj II qhia txog cov kev cai saib xyuas thoob plaws hauv cov saw hlau tsim khoom SBR.
Rooj II. Cov Kev Cai Saib Xyuas Viscosity Thoob Plaws Cov Theem Ua SBR
| Theem Txheej Txheem | Theem Viscosity | Lub Hom Phiaj Parameter | Kev Ntsuas Tshuab | Kev Tswj Xyuas Ua Haujlwm Qhib Lawm |
| Kev Tso Tawm Reactor | Cov tshuaj/cov dej ntws | Qhov Viscosity Sab Hauv(Qhov Hnyav ntawm Cov Khoom Siv) | Side Stream Rheometer (SSR) los yog Automated IV | Kho qhov luv luv ntawm tus neeg sawv cev lossis tus regulator ntws tus nqi. |
| Sib tov/sib tsoo | Cov Tshuaj Sib xyaw Uas Muaj Viscosity Siab | Mooney Viscosity (Kev Kwv Yees Torque Pom Tseeb) | Soft Sensor (Torque/Energy Input Modeling) | Txhim kho lub sijhawm sib tov thiab qhov ceev ntawm lub rotor raws li qhov kawg ntawm qhov viscosity. |
| Ua Ntej Extrusion / Tsim | Polymer yaj | Pom tseeb yaj viscosity (MFR/MVR kev sib raug zoo) | Inline Torsional Resonator los yog Capillary Viscometer | Kho qhov ceev / kub ntawm cov ntsia hlau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ntev ruaj khov thiab qhov o ntawm cov pwm sib xws. |
Kawm Txog Ntau Cov Ntsuas Qhov Ceev
Ntau Cov Txheej Txheem Online
VI. Kev Siv Tshuab Ntsuas Viscosity Hauv Online
Lonnmeter Kua Viscosity Meter Inline
Txhawm rau kov yeej cov kev txwv ntawm kev kuaj mob hauv chaw kuaj mob, niaj hnub nokev ua roj hmabxav tau cov cuab yeej siv ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha. Cov thev naus laus zis torsional resonator sawv cev rau kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntxiv mus, inline rheological sensing, uas muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw nyuaj ntawm SBR ntau lawm.
Cov khoom siv xws li covLonnmeter Kua Viscosity Meter Inlineua haujlwm siv lub torsional resonator (ib qho khoom siv vibrating) uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov kua dej ua haujlwm. Lub cuab yeej ntsuas viscosity los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub tshuab uas lub resonator ntsib vim yog cov kua dej. Qhov kev ntsuas damping no ces raug ua tiav, feem ntau nrog rau kev nyeem ntawv ceev, los ntawm cov algorithms tshwj xeeb los muab cov txiaj ntsig viscosity raug, rov ua dua, thiab ruaj khov.
Cov thev naus laus zis no tshwj xeeb tsim rau SBR daim ntawv thov vim nws muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hnyav:
Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob:Cov sensors feem ntau muaj cov qauv siv hlau tag nrho (piv txwv li, 316L Stainless Steel) thiab hermetic, hlau-rau-hlau seals, tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau elastomers uas yuav o lossis ua tsis tiav hauv qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
Ntau Yam thiab Kev Sib Tw Ua Kua:Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem saib xyuasviscosity ntawm roj hmabcov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke thoob plaws ntau yam, txij li qis heev mus rau qhov siab heev (piv txwv li, 1 txog 1,000,000+ cP). Lawv zoo ib yam li kev saib xyuas cov kua dej uas tsis yog Newtonian, ib theem, thiab ntau theem, tseem ceeb rau SBR slurries thiab cov polymer melts uas puv.
Cov Xwm Txheej Ua Haujlwm Hnyav:Cov cuab yeej no tau ntawv pov thawj rau kev ua haujlwm hla ntau yam kev nyuaj siab thiab kub.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag, online, ntau qhov ntsuas viscosity (kev ruaj khov, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv)
Kev siv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov khoom siv tas mus li, hloov kev tsim khoom los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas zoo tsis tu ncua mus rau kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem ua ntej.
Kev Saib Xyuas Tsis Tu Ncua:Cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag txo qhov kev cia siab rau kev tshuaj xyuas hauv chaw kuaj mob uas qeeb thiab kim heev. Nws tso cai rau kev kuaj pom tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov txheej txheem lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv raw uas tuaj txog, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov teeb meem zoo tom qab.
Kev Txij Nkawm Tsawg:Cov qauv tsim resonator uas ruaj khov thiab sib npaug yog tsim los rau kev siv mus sij hawm ntev yam tsis tas yuav saib xyuas lossis rov teeb tsa dua, txo qhov tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev Sib Koom Tes Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tsis Muaj Kev Sib Txuas:Cov sensors niaj hnub no muab kev sib txuas hluav taws xob yooj yim rau cov neeg siv thiab cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus hauv kev lag luam, pab txhawb kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv viscosity thiab kub rau hauv Distributed Control Systems (DCS) rau kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg.
Cov Qauv Xaiv rau cov cuab yeej siv los ntsuas viscosity hauv cov theem SBR sib txawv.
Kev xaiv cov khoom tsim nyogcov cuab yeej siv los ntsuas viscositynyob ntawm seb lub cev ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm txhua qhov chaw hauvcov txheej txheem ua roj hmab:
Cov kua/Cov khoom siv ua kua (Reactor):Qhov yuav tsum tau ua yog ntsuas qhov viscosity ntawm cov slurry uas nyob hauv lossis pom tseeb. Cov thev naus laus zis suav nrog Side Stream Rheometers (SSR) uas tshuaj xyuas cov qauv yaj tas li, lossis cov probes torsional uas muaj kev rhiab heev rau kev saib xyuas kua/slurry.
Cov Tshuaj Sib Xyaws Uas Muaj Viscosity Siab (Kev Sib Tov):Kev ntsuas lub cev ncaj qha tsis ua haujlwm tau vim yog siv tshuab. Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws yog siv cov khoom siv ntsuas qhov muag uas sib piv cov txheej txheem nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem raug heev (torque, rub lub zog, kub) ntawm lub tshuab sib tov sab hauv rau qhov ntsuas zoo uas xav tau, xws li Mooney viscosity.
Polymer yaj (Ua ntej Extrusion):Qhov kev txiav txim siab zaum kawg ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov dej ntws yuav tsum muaj lub ntsuas siab hauv cov yeeb nkab yaj. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv torsional resonator probes lossis cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb hauv kab capillary viscometers (xws li VIS), uas tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov viscosity yaj ntawm cov nqi siab shear cuam tshuam rau extrusion, feem ntau sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv rau MFR / MVR.
Txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke no, uas muab cov khoom siv kho vajtse ruaj khov uas qhov kev ntws raug txwv thiab cov khoom siv kwv yees qhov muag muag uas kev nkag mus rau hauv tshuab raug txwv, muab cov qauv tswj hwm siab uas tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm zookev ua roj hmabkev tswj hwm.
VII. Kev Siv Tswv Yim thiab Kev Ntsuas Cov Txiaj Ntsig
Cov Tswv Yim Tswj Xyuas Hauv Online: Siv cov voj voog tawm tswv yim rau kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem raws li qhov viscosity tiag tiag.
Cov txheej txheem tswj tsis siv neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv viscosity tiag tiag los tsim cov voj voog teb rov qab, xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom ruaj khov thiab sib xws zoo tshaj qhov tib neeg muaj peev xwm ua tau.
Kev Siv Tshuaj Tsis Siv Neeg:Hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke, lub kaw lus tswj hwm tuaj yeem saib xyuas qhov sib xws ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cia li muab cov khoom sib xyaw uas tsis muaj viscosity, xws li cov yas lossis cov kuab tshuaj, rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg raws li qhov xav tau. Txoj kev no tswj cov kab viscosity hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas tau teev tseg, tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ntsws Siab Tshaj Plaws:Vim tias SBR yaj yog cov uas tsis yog Newtonian thiab yooj yim raug kev cuam tshuam hauv extrusion, cov txheej txheem tswj hwm Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) feem ntau tsis txaus rau kev tswj hwm viscosity yaj. Cov txheej txheem siab heev, xws li Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC), yog qhov tsim nyog. ADRC kho cov kev cuam tshuam thiab cov qauv tsis raug raws li cov yam ntxwv nquag uas yuav tsum tsis lees txais, muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau kev tswj hwm lub hom phiaj viscosity thiab xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev.
Kev Kho Qhov Hnyav Molecular Dynamic:Ntawm lub reactor polymerization, cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv los ntawmCov cuab yeej ntsuas viscosity intrinsicraug pub rov qab rau hauv lub kaw lus tswj. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov kho sib npaug rau qhov nrawm ntawm cov saw hlau tswj, tam sim ntawd them rau qhov kev hloov pauv me me hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kinetics thiab xyuas kom meej tias qhov hnyav molecular ntawm SBR polymer tseem nyob hauv qhov nqaim specification band tsim nyog rau qib SBR tshwj xeeb.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo & Kev Nqis Tes Ua: Kev ntsuas qhov kev txhim kho hauv lub sijhawm voj voog, txo qis kev ua haujlwm dua, kev siv zog thiab cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev nqis peev hauv online rheology systems ua rau muaj cov nyiaj rov qab ncaj qha, ntsuas tau uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los.cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim roj hmab.
Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws:Los ntawm kev siv qhov kev kuaj pom qhov kawg raws li viscosity hauv lub tshuab sib tov sab hauv, cov chaw tsim khoom tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib tov ntau dhau. Ib qho txheej txheem uas feem ntau vam khom rau cov voj voog ruaj khov ntawm 25-40 feeb tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua kom ncav cuag qhov viscosity dispersion xav tau hauv 18-20 feeb. Qhov kev hloov pauv ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem ua rau 15-28% txo qis hauv lub sijhawm voj voog, txhais tau tias ncaj qha mus rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab lub peev xwm yam tsis muaj kev nqis peev tshiab.
Txo Kev Ua Haujlwm Dua Tshiab thiab Kev Pov Tseg:Kev saib xyuas tas mus li ua rau muaj kev kho tam sim ntawd ntawm cov txheej txheem ua ntej lawv ua rau muaj ntau cov khoom tsis raws li qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Lub peev xwm no txo cov nqi kho dua tshiab thiab cov khoom pov tseg, txhim kho kev siv cov khoom siv.
Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Zoo Tshaj Plaws:Los ntawm kev txo qhov theem sib tov raws li qhov profile viscosity tiag tiag, lub zog nkag tau zoo tsuas yog kom ua tiav kev sib kis kom zoo. Qhov no tshem tawm cov khib nyiab zog parasitic uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tov ntau dhau.
Kev Siv Khoom Siv Yooj Yim:Kev kho qhov viscosity uas tsom mus rau qhov tseem ceeb thaum ua cov khoom noj uas hloov pauv tau lossis tsis yog cov khoom noj uas tsis yog nkauj xwb, xws li cov polymers uas siv rov qab. Kev saib xyuas tas mus li tso cai rau kev hloov kho sai ntawm cov txheej txheem stabilization parameters thiab kev kho qhov viscosity uas tsom mus rau qhov viscosity (piv txwv li, nce lossis txo qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov additives) kom ua tau raws li cov hom phiaj rheological xav tau, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ntau yam khoom siv thiab tej zaum yuav pheej yig dua.
Cov kev cuam tshuam txog kev lag luam muaj ntau heev, raws li tau muab sau tseg hauv Rooj III.
Rooj III. Kev Kwv Yees Txog Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Los Ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Viscosity Online
| Kev ntsuas | Kab pib (Kev tswj offline) | Lub Hom Phiaj (Kev Tswj Xyuas Hauv Online) | Kev Ntsuas Tau/Kev Cuam Tshuam |
| Lub Sijhawm Ua Ib Pawg (Sib Tov) | 25–40 feeb (Lub Sijhawm Teem Tseg) | 18–20 feeb (Qhov Kawg ntawm Viscosity) | Nce 15–28% ntawm Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob; Txo Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob. |
| Tus Nqi Ua Haujlwm Tsis Raws Li Cov Lus Qhia | 4% (Tus Nqi Lag Luam Ib Txwm Muaj) | <1% (Kev Kho Kom Zoo Dua) | Txog li 75% Txo Kev Ua Haujlwm Dua/Khoom seem; Txo kev poob khoom siv raw. |
| Lub Sijhawm Ruaj Khoov Cov Txheej Txheem (Cov Khoom Siv Rov Ua Dua) | Cov Sijhawm (Yuav tsum tau kuaj ntau yam hauv chav kuaj) | Feeb (Kev Kho IV/Rheo Sai) | Kev siv cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws; txhim kho peev xwm los ua cov khoom noj sib txawv. |
| Kev Kho Khoom Siv (Cov Tshuab Sib Tov / Cov Tshuab Extruder) | Kev Ua Tsis Tau Zoo | Kev Saib Xyuas Qhov Sib Txawv Ua Ntej | Kev kuaj pom qhov txhaum thaum ntxov; txo lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm loj heev thiab cov nqi kho. |
Kev Txij Nkawm Ua Ntej: Siv kev saib xyuas tas mus li rau kev kuaj pom qhov txhaum thaum ntxov thiab kev ua tiv thaiv.
Kev tshuaj xyuas viscosity online txuas ntxiv mus dhau qhov kev tswj hwm zoo los ua ib qho cuab yeej rau kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov khoom siv.
Kev Tshawb Pom Qhov Txhaum:Cov kev hloov pauv tsis tau xav txog ntawm cov nyeem viscosity tas mus li uas tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem ua lub cim ceeb toom thaum ntxov rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov tshuab, xws li hnav cov ntsia hlau extruder, rotor puas tsuaj, lossis cov lim dej txhaws. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas ua ntej thiab teem sijhawm tiv thaiv, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj heev.
Kev Txheeb Xyuas Qhov Sensor Mos:Cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus, suav nrog cov teeb liab ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv sensor, tuaj yeem siv los tsim thiab txhim kho cov qauv kwv yees (cov sensors mos) rau cov ntsuas tseem ceeb xws li Mooney viscosity. Ntxiv mus, cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv mus no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua lub hauv paus los ntsuas thiab lees paub qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lwm cov khoom siv ntsuas lub cev hauv kab.
Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv:Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov viscosity muab ib txheej tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov khoom siv raw tsis sib xws uas tsis tau ntes los ntawm cov kev kuaj xyuas zoo yooj yim. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov viscosity profile txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov polymer lossis cov dej noo tsis sib xws lossis qhov zoo ntawm cov fillers.
Cov ntaub ntawv rheological ntxaws ntxaws - ob qho tib si los ntawm cov sensors inline thiab cov sensors soft uas kwv yees tau - muab lub hauv paus ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim kom muaj kev sawv cev digital ntawm cov roj hmab. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm txuas ntxiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab kho cov qauv empirical siab heev uas kwv yees qhov tseeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg, xws li cov khoom viscoelastic lossis kev tiv taus kev nkees. Qib kev tswj hwm no ua rau siab duaCov cuab yeej ntsuas viscosity intrinsiclos ntawm ib qho cuab yeej yooj yim zoo mus rau ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
VIII. Xaus Lus thiab Cov Lus Qhia
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas viscosity ntawm roj hmab.
Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas lees paub tias qhov kev cia siab rau kev sim rheological tsis tu ncua, offline (Mooney viscosity, MFR) ua rau muaj kev txwv tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qhov tseeb siab thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim khoom SBR niaj hnub, ntau. Styrene Butadiene Rubber qhov nyuaj, tsis yog Newtonian, thiab viscoelastic xwm txheej xav tau kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm txoj kev tswj hwm - txav deb ntawm ib qho taw tes, qeeb qeeb mus rau kev saib xyuas tas mus li, lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm viscosity pom tseeb thiab tag nrho rheological profile.
Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv inline sensors uas muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas siv cov thev naus laus zis torsional resonator, ua ke nrog cov tswv yim tswj hwm siab heev (xws li kev kwv yees qhov muag pom hauv cov khoom sib tov thiab ADRC hauv cov extruders), ua rau muaj kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg thoob plaws txhua theem tseem ceeb: xyuas kom meej tias qhov hnyav molecular muaj zog ntawm polymerization, ua kom cov khoom sib xyaw ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thaum sib tov, thiab lav qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev thaum lub sijhawm yaj kawg. Kev piav qhia txog kev lag luam rau qhov kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis no yog qhov txaus nyiam, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev xa khoom (15-28% txo qis hauv lub sijhawm voj voog) thiab kev txo qis ntawm kev siv cov khoom seem thiab lub zog. Tiv tauj pab pawg muag khoom rau RFQ.
