Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas muaj dej ua yog tsim los ua ib txheej tiv thaiv rau cov qauv hlau, ua ke kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig nrog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb suav nrog cov pa phem tsawg (VOC), tsis muaj halogens, thiab cov qauv uas muab kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg siv thiab ib puag ncig. Cov txheej txheem no tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv cov lag luam uas txo cov pa phem thiab ua raws li cov kev coj ua ruaj khov, xws li cov tsev lag luam siab thiab cov haujlwm tsim kho vaj tse.
Ib qho zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ua los ntawm dej yog lawv cov khoom tsis muaj halogen. Los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj chlorine, bromine, thiab lwm yam tshuaj sib xyaw, cov txheej txheem no txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tso pa roj lom thaum muaj hluav taws. Qhov no hais txog kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tso tawm cov dioxins thiab furans hauv kev sib xyaw, teb rau cov qauv txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov chaw rau ob tus neeg nyob hauv thiab cov neeg teb.
Qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej no yog qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem khi thiab cov khoom ntim khoom khov. Cov khoom ntim tsis muaj zog xws li magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), thiab aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) yog siv dav rau lawv lub luag haujlwm ua cov khoom thaiv cua sov. Lawv ua haujlwm ntau yam: lawv tswj cov pa luam yeeb, nqus cov cua sov los ntawm kev rhuav tshem endothermic, tso cov pa dej kom txias lub substrate, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab. Piv txwv li, magnesium hydroxide tso cov pa dej thaum raug rau qhov kub siab, uas pab qeeb cov nplaim taws kis.
Txheej Txheem Hluav Taws Kub Rau Cov Qauv Hlau
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Qhov kev faib tawm sib xws thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm cov khoom no muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heevkev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev sib xws. Kev sib kis kom zoo ua kom cov txheej txheem tsim cov cua sov tas mus li thaum muaj hluav taws kub. Txawm li cas los xij, kev muab cov khoom ntim ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem ruaj khov, ua rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws lossis txhuam nyuaj dua. Muaj qhov sib npaug tsim nyog: cov khoom ntim txaus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, tab sis tsis txhob ntau dhau uas nws txo qis kev nplaum lossis kev ywj pheej.
Nrog rau cov khoom tsis muaj organic, cov organic polymers khi cov khoom ua ke thiab pab txhawb rau qhov yooj ywm ntawm zaj duab xis. Kev txhim kho los ntawm cov khoom sau uas tau xaiv kom zoo, cov txheej txheej sib xyaw ua ke ua tiav qhov ruaj khov thermal siab, txo qhov ceev ntawm qhov kub nce thiab txhim kho lub qhov rais tiv thaiv thaum muaj hluav taws. Thaum siv rau hauv theem sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev xaiv thiab kev sib xyaw ua tib zoo ntawm cov khoom sau thiab cov khoom khi txiav txim siab qhov kev ua tau zoo kawg. Cov txheej txheem no txuas nrog cov txiaj ntsig xws li txo qis kev tso pa tawm, txhim kho intumescence (nthuav dav ntawm txheej txheej hauv qab cua sov), thiab zoo dua qub.
Cov txheej txheej uas muaj dej kuj txo cov pa phem VOC, uas yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau huab cua zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv dej ua cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv minerals ntau dua, hloov cov organic binders uas yaj tau yooj yim. Qhov no ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab daim ntawv pov thawj tsev ntsuab, ua rau cov txheej txheej no yog cov txheej txheej tiv taus hluav taws zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tsev uas xav ua raws li kev cai ib puag ncig.
Hauv kev xaus lus, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tsis muaj halogen, dej-raws li nrog cov khoom siv inorganic siab heev ua rau muaj cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas zoo rau ib puag ncig, tiv taus hluav taws uas tau kho kom zoo rau kev tiv thaiv cov qauv hlau. Kev sib kis sib npaug, cov ntsiab lus zoo tshaj plaws, thiab cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke tiv taus hluav taws ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hauv tsev.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Hauv Kab Hauv Cov Txheej Txheem Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws
Qhov sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag hluav taws kub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws kub zoo uas tsim rau cov qauv hlau. Qhov sib xws ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws kub uas ua los ntawm dej txiav txim siab nws cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev, cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntev npaum li cas cov hlau substrate khaws cia ruaj khov thaum raug hluav taws. Cov kev sim tau qhia tias qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm thermal thiab lub zog compressive, cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov txheej los muab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub txaus.
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab ua rau muaj kev hloov kho tam sim ntawd thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw ua cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws. Nrog kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag los ntawm cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab xws li cov uas muab los ntawm Lonnmeter, cov chaw tsim khoom tswj hwm nruj ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej. Qhov no lav qhov tuab ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab tiv thaiv cov qhov khoob lossis cov chaw tsis muaj zog, ob qho tib si tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv hluav taws.
- Kev tswj qhov ceev cuam tshuam rau ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb:Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws:Kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntawm cov xim txheej uas tiv taus hluav taws kom ntseeg tau tias yuav ua rau cov xim txheej raug thaum lub sijhawm sib tov cov xim txheej uas tiv taus hluav taws. Cov xim txheej uas tsis tuab dhau yuav ua tsis tiav ua ntej lub sijhawm muaj hluav taws kub, thaum cov xim txheej uas tuab dhau yuav tawg lossis sib cais ntawm cov hlau, ua rau kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo.
- Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Kev Them Nqi:Kev tswj kom qhov ceev kom raug pab ua kom cov khoom siv sib kis tau zoo hauv cov txheej txheem siv tshuaj tsuag tiv thaiv hluav taws, cuam tshuam rau kev npog tag nrho thiab kev siv nyiaj txiag rau cov haujlwm xws li cov tshuaj pleev tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tsev lossis cov tshuaj tsuag tiv thaiv hluav taws pheej yig rau cov tsev.
Kev Ruaj Kho Tshuab:Kev tswj qhov ceev ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws rau cov qauv hlau khaws cia qhov kev nplaum, kev ywj pheej, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev. Kev tshawb fawb siv positron annihilation analysis qhia tau hais tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov microstructure, tsim cov cheeb tsam tsis muaj zog hauv cov txheej txheem txheej. Microstructural consistency correlates nrog lub zog tensile siab dua thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ua ntej. Rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej nrog cov khoom siv nanoparticle dispersed, kev ntsuas qhov ceev tiag tiag yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev sib sau ua ke ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib sau ua ke, ua rau qhov ceev tsis sib xws thiab txo qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv. Kev tswj hwm inline meej tiv thaiv cov teeb meem zoo li no, txhawb nqa kev ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab kev sim.
Kev tswj qhov ceev tsis zoo hauv theem sib xyaw cov txheej tiv taus hluav taws kuj tseem yuav ua rau muaj kev ua npuas dej tsis sib xws thiab cua nkag, txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej tiv taus hluav taws kub thiab xav tau kev kho kom zoo dua qub. Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas tas mus li ntawm cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab xws li cov los ntawm Lonnmeter yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws li kev nyab xeeb hluav taws niaj hnub thiab txhawb nqa cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv taus hluav taws uas siv dej.
Qhov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntom hauv kab thiab qhov zoo sib xws, rov ua dua ntawm kev txau-rau hluav taws kub yog txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ua qauv finite element thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom tiag tiag. Txoj hauv kev no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho vaj tse ib txwm ua haujlwm ntawm lawv qib kev ua tau zoo, txhawb nqa ob qho tib si kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev tsim khoom thiab daim ntawv thov txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Hauv qab no yog daim duab qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab kev ua kom sov, qhia meej tias vim li cas kev tswj hwm qhov ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb (cov ntaub ntawv simulated rau kev pom lub tswv yim):
Qhov Ceev (kg/m³) | Kev Ua Kub (W/m·K)
----------------|--------------------------------------
300 | 0.10
400 | 0.12
500 | 0.15
600 | 0.18
700 | 0.20
800 | 0.23
Yog tias qhov ntom ntom me ntsis nce ntxiv, ces yuav ua rau cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev kub ob npaug, ua rau cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Kev saib xyuas hauv kab ua kom muaj kev raug, ua rau cov txheej txheem siv tshuaj tsuag tiv thaiv hluav taws kub muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab sib xws dua hauv ntau yam haujlwm.
Cov Teeb Meem thiab Cov Kev Daws Teeb Meem hauv Theem Sib Xyaws Ntau Lawm
Hauv theem tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej los ua cov qauv hlau, kev ua kom tiav thiab tswj tau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ceev tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xwb tab sis kuj ua raws li cov qauv txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab cov txheej txheem siv tau zoo rau kev tsuag rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab lwm yam txheej txheem.
Cov txheej txheem pib nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam khoom siv khov kho, cov neeg sawv cev intumescent, cov binders, thiab rheology modifiers rau hauv ib lub aqueous matrix. Ib qho teeb meem uas tseem muaj yog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khoom me me, qhov twg cov khoom siv xws li ammonium polyphosphate thiab expanded graphite sib sau ua ke yam tsis muaj kev txiav lossis kev sib kis txaus. Qhov kev sib sau ua ke no ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev hauv qhov sib tov, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws. Thaum muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev, kev nthuav dav thaum lub sijhawm raug hluav taws kub yuav tsis paub tseeb, ua rau muaj qhov tsis muaj zog uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev tiv thaiv - qhov kev sib txuas ntawm qhov ceev sib xws thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj thiab hauv thaj chaw.
Lwm qhov teeb meem uas tshwm sim ntau yog qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khoom khov kho thaum lossis tom qab sib tov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub zog tsis txaus lossis kev tswj hwm viscosity tsis txaus. Kev sib sau ua ke ua rau cov khoom sau thiab cov khoom ntxiv uas tiv taus hluav taws kub sib cais, tsim cov teebmeem txheej tsis zoo. Thaum cov txheej no raug siv, kev txau tshuaj tsuag sib xws thiab cov txheej txheej tiv taus hluav taws kub tsis zoo, ua rau muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis kam hluav taws kub. Kev ua kom siab siab ib leeg tsis lav qhov ruaj khov; kev ntxiv tsis raug thiab tsis muaj kev sib xws ntawm qib me me tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis sib xws ntawm qhov ceev zais. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias txawm tias 5% coefficient ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov lej ceev ntau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej hauv cov xwm txheej hluav taws kub hauv tsev.
Kev tiv thaiv cov teeb meem no pib nrog kev ntxiv cov hmoov rau hauv cov kua dej, nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom faib tawm uas muaj zog heev tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, ua rau cov agglomerates pib tawg thiab pab txhawb kev faib cov khoom sib npaug. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke qis dhau lossis lub sijhawm sib xyaw tsis txaus, cua tuaj yeem raug entrained, txo qhov ceev uas ntsuas tau thiab ua rau lub txheej txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws puas tsuaj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau qee cov tshuaj sib txuas ua ke puas tsuaj, qhia txog qhov xav tau kev tswj hwm kom meej.
Kev sib xws ntawm pawg mus rau pawg tshwm sim ua qhov kev txhawj xeeb rov tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib tov lossis cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke, qhov twg qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig thiab cov txheej txheem sib tov txwv tsis pub rov ua dua. Yog tsis muaj kev saib xyuas tas mus li, kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm qhov ua tau hauv qhov chaw tswj hwm kev lag luam. Ntawm no, cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab zoo li cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter ua qhov tseem ceeb. Lawv kuaj cov khoom sib tov hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, ntes cov kev hloov pauv me me uas qhia txog kev sib xyaw, kev sib sau ua ke, lossis kev sib kis tsis tiav. Thaum ua ke nrog kev tswj hwm tsis siv neeg, qhov ceev ntawm lub tshuab sib tov thiab kev noj cov khoom xyaw raug kho kom zoo, kaw lub voj voog tawm tswv yim thiab xyuas kom meej tias txhua pawg sib phim nrog cov hom phiaj ceev rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub.
Rau kev cai lij choj thiab kev ua raws li kev xyaum, ntau cov kab ntau lawm txuas kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab nrog cov ntsuas viscosity hauv kab. Txoj hauv kev sib tw no yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov ceev thiab rheological cov qauv rau kev txau zoo tshaj plaws, kev npog, thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Kev coj ua hauv kev lag luam - ua raws li cov lus qhia los ntawm cov koom haum xws li UL - txhawb nqa kev kuaj xyuas qhov zoo tom qab sib tov. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab ke zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog cov sensors hauv lub thawv sib tov lossis kab rov ua dua, tso cai rau kev cuam tshuam tiag tiag thiab txo cov khib nyiab vim yog cov khoom siv tsis raws li qhov tau teev tseg.
Hauv kev xaus lus, theem sib tov rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej ua rau muaj kev cov nyom nyuaj: tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev sib sau ua ke, ua kom muaj kev sib kis tas mus li, thiab xyuas kom muaj kev rov ua dua ntawm ntau pawg. Cov kev daws teeb meem yog nyob ntawm kev sib tov ua ke zoo tshaj plaws, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom xyaw, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev saib xyuas tas mus li siv cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom xws li Lonnmeter. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws tseem nyob hauv qhov kev kam rau siab uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tsev thiab kev pom zoo los ntawm cov cai.
Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Cov Txuj Ci rau Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Hauv Kab
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm qhov zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ua los ntawm dej thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Kev tsim khoom niaj hnub ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws rau cov qauv hlau vam khom kev saib xyuas kom meej kom ntseeg tau tias ua raws li cov qauv txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab cov kev cai kuaj, thaum tseem ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem sib xyaw txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Lub Cev thiab Cov Cuab Yeej Ntsuas
- Ob lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev yog txhawb nqa kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev txau rau ntawm cov tshuaj pleev hluav taws thiab cov tshuaj pleev hluav taws uas siv dej ua cov tshuaj pleev:Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Ultrasonicsiv qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm cov suab nrov siab dhau los ntawm lub txheej. Cov sensors ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm lub suab thiab acoustic impedance - ob qho tib si cuam tshuam ncaj qha los ntawm qhov ceev thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm lub txheej. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xim, resin, thiab cov kuab tshuaj hloov pauv cov qauv suab. Cov qauv meej xws li (c = sqrt{K/\rho}) (qhov twg c yog qhov ceev ntawm lub suab, K yog qhov loj modulus, thiab ρ yog qhov ceev) siv. Cov thev naus laus zis sai sai ntes cov txheej txheem hloov pauv, xws li dej dilution, khoom khov kho, lossis qhov tshwm sim ntawm ua npuas ncauj lossis npuas, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau.
Kev Siv Tshuab U-Tube Oscillatingsiv lub raj xa dej U-zoo li uas muaj cov txheej tiv hluav taws kub. Lub zaus oscillation ntawm lub raj hloov pauv raws li qhov hnyav thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej; lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog qhia ua (f \propto 1/\sqrt{m_{tube} + m_{fluid}}). Cov thev naus laus zis no muaj zog thiab rov ua dua tau zoo heev, tseem kho kom haum rau lub sijhawm sib xyaw ntev thiab tiv taus cov viscosities sib txawv uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej tiv hluav taws kub zoo. Cov duab kos qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov poob zaus thiab qhov ceev nce thaum ntxiv cov xim lossis cov khoom khov. Ob qho thev naus laus zis xav tau kev them nyiaj kub kom raug, vim tias qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej yog rhiab heev rau txawm tias me me hloov pauv thermal, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov pawg tsis raws li qhov xav tau lossis ua rau hluav taws kub tsis zoo.
Kev Ntsuas Qauv Los Ntawm Tes vs. Cov Txuj Ci Inline Tam Sim No
Kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntom ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem siv tshuaj tsuag tiv thaiv hluav taws kub yog siv kev kuaj tes, xws li kev sau cov xim los ntawm kab thiab kev tshuaj xyuas hauv chaw kuaj mob. Txoj kev no siv sijhawm ntau, yuav muaj qhov yuam kev ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj, thiab tsis muaj peev xwm muab cov lus teb tam sim ntawd. Kev ncua sijhawm ntawm kev sau cov qauv thiab kev txhais cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsis ua raws li txoj cai mus ntxiv yam tsis tau kuaj xyuas, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov tsev thiab cov tsev.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov txheej txheem inline tiag tiag-ua haujlwm los ntawm ultrasonic thiab oscillating U-tube meters-txuas ntxiv saib xyuas qhov ceev hauv cov txheej txheem. Cov lus teb tam sim ntawd txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm nruj dua ntawm txhua pawg thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws. Kev tswj hwm inline:
- Txo lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txo qhov nres ntau zaus.
- Tshawb pom qhov txawv txav sai sai, zam kev ua haujlwm rov ua dua lossis pov tseg kim heev.
- Ua kom muaj kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg ntawm cov dej, cov xim, lossis cov khoom ntxiv kom tswj tau cov yam ntxwv tiv taus hluav taws uas tau teev tseg.
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tsev, nrog rau kev ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau kev lees paub zoo yam tsis cuam tshuam kev tsim khoom.
Cov yam ntxwv thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov ntom ntom niaj hnub
Cov ntsuas ntsuas qhov ceev niaj hnub no—xws li cov uas Lonnmeter tsim—muab kev nce qib tseem ceeb rau cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej:
- Kev rhiab heev thiab qhov tseebCov khoom siv feem ntau ntes tau qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev me me li 0.001 g/cm³, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws li txoj cai thiab cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv hluav taws uas rov ua dua. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum saib xyuas cov mis ua los ntawm dej, uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov ceev me me vim yog kev ua pa lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom xyaw.
- Kev Tsim Kho Kom Ruaj Khov: Cov sensors tau tsim los rau kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg los tswj cov txheej txheem corrosive lossis particulate-laden ntev, tswj kev ua tau zoo hauv cov chaw nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws kub ntawm cov qauv hlau.
- Kev Sib Koom Tes thiab Kev Kuaj Mob Digital: Cov yam ntxwv xws li kev them nyiaj kub thiab cov zis kuaj mob tso cai rau cov neeg teb xov tooj taug qab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub sensor, daws teeb meem sai sai, thiab tswj kev sib xws hauv cov txheej txheem siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws.
- Kev Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem Txuas Ntxiv MusKev sib koom ua ke nrog PLCs lossis SCADA systems ua kom cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev raug sau tseg thiab saib xyuas. Cov lus ceeb toom tsis siv neeg txhawb nqa kev kho tam sim ntawd kom txhawb nqa kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej ntsuas ultrasonic uas tau teeb tsa rau ntawm cov khoom sib tov ceev ceev ua kom cov resin dispersion tseem sib xws, tiv thaiv kev faib ua pawg lossis kev sib xyaw uas yuav ua rau tsis zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Cov ntsuas U-tube oscillating tso cai rau cov neeg teb xov tooj hloov kho cov dej nyob, lav txhua pawg tswj hwm qhov ceev zoo tshaj plaws uas xav tau rau kev lo rau cov hlau substrates.
Kev siv cov kev ntsuas qhov ceev niaj hnub no hloov pauv cov cwj pwm tswj xyuas zoo—txav ntawm kev cuam tshuam mus rau kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas tsis raws li qhov kev qhia. Yog li ntawd, cov chaw tsim khoom txo cov khib nyiab, lav kev nyab xeeb, thiab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ua tau zoo, ob qho tib si rau cov qauv hlau lag luam thiab cov ntawv thov tshuaj tsuag tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv tsev.
Cov Nyhuv ntawm Kev Hloov Pauv Ceev ntawm Kev Siv Tshuaj Txau Rau Hluav Taws
Qhov ntom ntawm cov xim pleev tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ua los ntawm dej ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov yooj yim txau, kev nplaum, thiab qhov ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw hauv cov txheej txheem siv cov xim pleev tiv thaiv hluav taws rau cov qauv hlau. Cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam qhia tau tias qhov ntom ntawm cov xim pleev tiv thaiv hluav taws, thaum tsis saib xyuas zoo, ua rau cov xim pleev tsis sib xws, kev nplaum tsis ruaj khov, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv hluav taws uas tsis paub tseeb.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ceev ntawm kev txau, kev nplaum, thiab kev ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw
Qhov ntom ntawm cov txheej tiv hluav taws cuam tshuam rau nws qhov atomization los ntawm cov khoom siv txau. Qhov ntom ntawm 1.2–1.4 g/cm³ ua rau atomization sib xws, pab tiv thaiv cov khoom siv clogging thiab xa cov zaj duab xis sib xws. Qhov ntom saum toj no feem ntau xav tau lub twj tso kua mis siab dua lossis cov qhov loj dua. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau overspray ntau dua, tsim cov qauv txau tsis sib xws, thiab ua rau sagging lossis khiav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau ntawm cov hlau ntsug. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tsuag tsis muaj cua qhia txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm "curtain" thaum txau cov khoom sib xyaw ntom ntom, ua rau cov npoo hnyav thiab cov chaw nyias nyias uas ua rau nyuaj rau ua tiav cov zaj duab xis tsim.
Cov tshuaj tsuag uas tsis tshua muaj zog tiv taus hluav taws, thaum ua kom yooj yim dua, tej zaum yuav tsis ua tiav qhov tuab ntawm zaj duab xis qhuav uas tau teev tseg hauv ib zaug dhau. Yog li ntawd, kev npog ntug thiab tag nrho kev nkag mus rau ib puag ncig I-beams lossis cov ntsiab lus txuas yuav tsis sib xws. Kev sib txuas ntawm zaj duab xis, tseem ceeb rau kev tiv taus hluav taws siab tshaj plaws, yog txuas ncaj qha rau kev tswj qhov ntom ntawm theem sib xyaw thiab kev saib xyuas kev siv tas mus li.
Lub zog nplaum yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb uas tsim los ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej. Cov txheej uas tiv taus hluav taws kub ntau rau cov qauv hlau feem ntau ua rau cov khoom khov ntau ntxiv. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau, tab sis yog tias muaj qhov ceev ntau dhau, cov khoom khov ntau ntxiv yuav cuam tshuam kev ntub thiab kev nkag mus rau hauv cov substrate, txo qhov zog nplaum tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov substrates uas tau primed lossis du. Cov qauv qis dua, thaum qhia txog kev ntub zoo dua, feem ntau qhia txog pinholes, cov nqi evaporation siab dua, thiab thaum kawg zaj duab xis tawg lossis delamination yog tias cov dej ntws tawm sai dhau thaum ziab.
Cov nqi ntsuas los ntawm kev sim kev sib txuas (ASTM D4541) qhia txog qhov muaj zog sib txuas siab tshaj plaws (feem ntau >2.5 MPa) hauv qhov sib txuas ceev tshaj plaws, thaum ob qho kev sib xyaw tsis sib xws thiab sib xyaw ntau dhau feem ntau poob qis dua 2.0 MPa vim yog kev sib koom ua ke lossis kev ntub dej tsis txaus.
Qhov ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw kuj qhia tau tias muaj kev vam khom rau qhov ceev. Cov txheej txheem tuab dhau heev ua rau muaj cov qauv tawv txiv kab ntxwv lossis cov zaj duab xis qhuav ntxhib. Cov tshuaj ncua uas tsis muaj zog ntau dhau ua rau cov qauv nto tsis muaj qhov nqaim tab sis tsis sib npaug, qhov, lossis nyias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv rau cov qauv hlau nyuaj.
Cov Kev Xyaum Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Siv Sib Xws ntawm Cov Qauv Hlau
Kev tswj kom ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw ua cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab, uas siv tau los ntawm cov cuab yeej xws li cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter, muab cov neeg teb xov tooj nrog cov lus teb tas mus li thiab ceeb toom tam sim ntawd rau cov kev hloov pauv tsis raws li qhov tau teev tseg. Qhov no txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev vim yog qhov tsis raug ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw lossis kev poob dej rau kev ua pa - cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kub siab lossis qis av noo.
Kev tswj hwm inline kom meej meej ua kom txhua pawg xa mus rau lub nozzle txau sib xws nrog cov hom phiaj ceev uas xav tau rau kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev npog. Kev kuaj ib leeg yog qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis ntseeg tau; cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim teb lees paub tiaskev ntsuas inline tiag tiagsai sai txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem sib txawv ua ntej lawv cuam tshuam rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim ntawv thov lossis ua txhaum cov qauv txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab cov qauv xeem.
Kev kho qhov sib piv ntawm cov binders, fillers, thiab intumescents pab kho qhov ceev thiab, ua rau, sprayability thiab zaj duab xis tsim. Rau cov kem hlau thiab beams, cov qauv kev coj ua pom zoo kom tswj qhov ceev hauv 1.3–1.4 g/cm³, sib raug zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ntsuam xyuas hauv thaj teb thiab hauv chav kuaj.
Kev Sib Txheeb Ze Ntawm Qhov Ceev Ntsuas thiab Cov Txiaj Ntsig Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Uas Xav Tau
Cov kev tshawb fawb dav dav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ntsuas tau zoo thiab qhov tsis kam hluav taws ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov txheej txheej tuab sib npaug, ua tau los ntawm kev tswj qhov ceev ntawm lub hom phiaj, ua tiav lub sijhawm teev tseg kom tsis ua haujlwm hauv kev sim hluav taws txheem (xws li ASTM E119 thiab EN 13381). Cov txheej txheej tsis tuab yuav ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, ua tsis tau kom cov hlau tsis kub txaus hauv cov xwm txheej kub ntev.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov txheej txheej uas tuab dhau thaum xub thawj yuav tshaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua tsawg kawg nkaus tab sis feem ntau tsim cov kab nrib pleb qhuav lossis qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev nplaum, ua rau tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws dhau sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov ntsuas qhov ntom ntom inline tiag tiag thoob plaws hauv cov tshuaj tsuag tiv thaiv hluav taws rau cov tsev thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm yog txuas nrog cov nqi siab dua ntawm kev ua raws li cov qauv txheej txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab cov txheej txheem kuaj thiab suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev xa cov txheej txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo rau cov tsev.
Los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub ntawm cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv, cov kws tshaj lij ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub uas ua los ntawm dej txhais tau tias muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv qhov chaw, ua kom lub neej ua haujlwm ntev thiab tiv thaiv kev ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau hauv qab hluav taws.
Cov Lus Qhia Siv Tau Rau Kev Siv Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem sib tov cov xim tiv taus hluav taws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov xim tiv taus hluav taws uas siv dej rau cov qauv hlau. Cov lus qhia hauv qab no yog hais txog kev siv ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm sib tov ntau lawm.
Teeb tsa Kev Saib Xyuas Hauv Kab Thaum Lub Sijhawm Sib Xyaws Ntau Lawm
Nruab cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab - xws li cov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm lub raj vibrating, cov ntsuas ultrasonic, lossis cov khoom siv Coriolis - ncaj qha rau hauv kab rov ua dua lossis hauv lub voj voog bypass, qis dua ntawm lub tank sib tov. Tso lub kaw lus ntsuas tom qab kev sib xyaw ua ke siab tab sis ua ntej ntxiv cov khoom ntim kawg kom ntes tau cov nqi qhov ceev sawv cev thaum cov khoom sib xyaw. Lub sensor yuav tsum sib xws nrog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj dej, alkaline, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws kub. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov tsev sensor ua tau raws li cov kev cai tiv thaiv dej thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg kom ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam.
Txuas lub ntsuas qhov ceev rau lub tshuab tswj hwm ntawm lub Hoobkas, tso cai rau kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg:
- Yog tias qhov nyeem tau qhov ceev poob qis dua lub hom phiaj, kev tswj kev ntsuas tshuaj yuav ua rau cov khoom qhuav ntxiv ntau ntxiv.
- Yog tias qhov ceev tshaj qhov teev tseg, kev ntxiv dej yuav tshwm sim, ua kom cov txheej txheem tiv taus hluav taws zoo tshaj plaws.
Saib cov qhov ntev ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb (feem ntau yog ±0.01–0.02 g/cm³) kom paub tseeb tias zoo. Saib xyuas qhov ceev kom tsis tu ncua kom txo tau cov kev pheej hmoo xws li kev sib txhuam tsis sib xws thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm daim ntawv thov zaj duab xis, uas cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab kev ua raws li cov qauv txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab cov kev cai kuaj.
Piv txwv li:Thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw cov acrylic emulsions thiab intumescent fillers rau cov tshuaj tsuag hluav taws, kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm inline tsis tu ncua tiv thaiv kev poob qis thiab ua kom muaj kev sib npaug. Txoj hauv kev no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tsev thiab cov txheej txheem siv tshuaj tsuag hluav taws.
Kev Ntsuas, Kev Pom Zoo, thiab Kev Txij Nkawm Cov Cuab Yeej Ntsuas
Teem sijhawm rau kev ntsuas qhov ceev tsis tu ncua rau cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab siv cov kua ntsuas tus qauv uas phim rau qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws. Cia siab rau cov txheej txheem ntsuas uas taug qab tau ua ntej pib ua ntau lawm thiab tom qab kev kho. Txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub sensor los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv nyeem hauv kab nrog kev kuaj tes thiab kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob.
Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum muaj xws li:
- Cov txheej txheem ntxuav niaj hnub sib xws nrog cov mis ua los ntawm dej (CIP sib xws).
- Kev tshuaj xyuas seb puas muaj cov khoom sib sau ua ke lossis zaj duab xis rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub sensor, uas yuav ua rau cov nyeem ntawv tsis meej.
- Xyuas cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab cov qhov rooj sensor kom paub seb puas muaj xeb lossis xau.
Hauv kev xyaum ua, cov ntaub ntawv calibration thiab validation pub rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau kev ua raws li txoj cai, kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub ua tau raws li cov qauv kev lag luam.
Kev daws teeb meem cov teeb meem feem ntau hauv kev tswj qhov ceev tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej ua
Kho cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim uas cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej:
Kev Nkag Mus Rau Hauv Paus:Kev sib tov ua kom muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov npuas cua, ua rau qhov ntom ntom uas ntsuas tau qis dua. Cov kev tiv thaiv suav nrog kev kho qhov ceev ntawm kev sib tov kom zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov npuas dej ntes ua ntej lub sensor.
Kev Hloov Pauv Kub:Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem hloov qhov nyeem tau qhov ceev. Siv cov yam ntxwv kho qhov kub thiab txias uas koom ua ke rau hauv qhov kev teeb tsa ntsuas thiab sau cov ntsuas kub ntawm cov qauv tas li nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ceev.
Kev Ua Av Los Yog Kev Tsis Sib Xws:Cov khoom ntim uas tuab yuav poob qis, ua rau cov ntsuas qhov ntom tsis sib xws. Tswj kom muaj kev rov ua dua thiab sib tov kom txaus thiab tso lub ntsuas qhov ntom rau qhov chaw uas cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tag nrho.
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub sensor:Cov tshuaj uas ua rau mob plab thiab cov khoom khi yuav ua rau muaj cov av nplaum rau ntawm cov sensors, ua rau ntsuas tsis raug. Ua kom huv si tas li ua ib feem ntawm kev saib xyuas.
Hauv cov txheej txheem sib tov cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas tsis siv neeg, kev daws cov teeb meem no ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev tswj hwm qhov ceev hauv kab ncaj qha txhawb nqa kev ua tau zoo, qhov zoo ntawm kev siv, thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai ntawm ob qho tib si txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws rau cov qauv hlau thiab tshuaj tsuag tiv thaiv hluav taws rau cov tsev.
Ib txoj haujlwm saib xyuas qhov ntom ntom hauv kab, uas tau teeb tsa, kho kom zoo, thiab tswj xyuas kom zoo, ncaj qha txhawb nqa cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej nrhiav hauv cov qauv kev tiv thaiv tsev niaj hnub.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tswj qhov ceev kom meej thiab ib puag ncig zoo
Kev tswj qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv cov tshuaj tsuag tiv thaiv hluav taws rau cov qauv hlau.
Kev tswj qhov ceev zoo tshaj plaws txo cov khoom pov tseg thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem sib tov txheej tiv taus hluav taws. Qhov ceev sib npaug txhawb kev tsim cov zaj duab xis sib xws thaum lub sijhawm txau rau ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws, tiv thaiv kev siv ntau dhau thiab txo cov tshuaj tsuag ntau dhau. Piv txwv li, kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv tshuab hauv xyoo 2024 pom tias kev saib xyuas qhov ceev tas mus li ua rau muaj kev txo qis 12% ntawm tag nrho cov khib nyiab thaum lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem loj uas siv dej intumescent. Hauv cov theem sib tov tswj tau, kev tswj hwm qhov ceev me me txo cov pawg tsis raws li qhov xav tau los ntawm 10-15%, txo cov khoom pov tseg thiab tsis lees txais cov khoom tsawg dua vim muaj kev sib xyaw lossis kev sib cais theem.
Kev siv cov khoom siv zoo dua tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam xwb tab sis kuj ua kom cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv hluav taws, cov khoom khi, thiab cov khoom sau tseem sib faib ua ntu zus. Qhov kev ruaj khov no tiv thaiv qhov xav tau kev kho dua tshiab lossis kev kov ntau dhau uas ua rau muaj kev pov tseg thiab ua rau cov nqi project nce ntxiv. Cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab xws li cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter ua rau muaj kev hloov kho tiag tiag, uas daws cov teeb meem kev tsim ua ntej lawv ua rau muaj kev poob ntau ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov ntawv ceeb toom kev lag luam lees paub tias cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem txo cov khib nyiab txheej txheem ntau npaum li 8%, qhia txog kev nce qib pom tseeb dua li cov txheej txheem kuaj ib txwm muaj.
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau zoo dua thaum tswj qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj pleev tiv thaiv hluav taws kom raug. Kev ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj pleev txo cov khoom me me uas ua rau puas tsuaj, cov pa phem uas tsis muaj zog, thiab cov tshuaj tsuag tawm ntawm lub hom phiaj thaum siv tshuaj tsuag tiv thaiv hluav taws. Qhov ceev kom raug kuj txo cov pa phem thiab cov dej ntws hauv huab cua, ua rau ua raws li cov qauv tshuaj pleev tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo dua thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev plam lossis kev ua pa hauv thaj chaw kaw. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj tawm tias muaj tsawg dua cov khoom siv txhaws thiab xav tau kev saib xyuas, ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, thiab kwv yees tau ntau dua. Cov tshuaj pleev tiv thaiv hluav taws uas tau tsim los rau kev siv tshuaj tsuag kom muaj kev nyab xeeb - txhua yam los ntawm kev tswj qhov ceev uas tau ntsuas - ua rau nws yooj yim dua los siv cov tshuaj pleev tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tsev thiab tsev yam tsis dhau qhov kev nyab xeeb rau kev raug.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib puag ncig ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej tau zoo tshaj plaws thaum kev tswj qhov ceev tau koom ua ke rau hauv theem sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws. Cov thev naus laus zis siv dej muaj qis dua hauv cov organic compounds (VOCs) piv rau cov tshuaj uas siv cov kuab tshuaj, tab sis tsuas yog kev tswj qhov ceev kom zoo lav tias cov hom phiaj ib puag ncig rau cov khib nyiab tsawg kawg nkaus thiab cov pa phem tau ua tiav tas li. Cov nqi tsis lees txais qis dua thiab kev npog zoo dua ib liv txhais tau tias cov pa roj carbon thiab dej tsawg dua thoob plaws hauv cov saw hlau muab khoom. Cov txiaj ntsig no sib haum nrog cov cai ib puag ncig nruj uas tau tsim tom qab xyoo 2023, txhawb nqa qhov kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo rau cov qauv hlau.
Cov Qauv Xaiv Rau Kev Tsim Cov Txheej Txheem Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Zoo
Thaum tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ua los ntawm dej thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo rau cov qauv hlau, muaj ntau yam kev xaiv ua tau zoo thiab cov txheej txheem. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev ruaj khov thiab kev cuam tshuam, kev ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev hauv ntau yam xwm txheej ib puag ncig, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig - txhua yam no yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev xeem nruj xws li ASTM E119 thiab ISO 834.
Cov Cim Qhia Txog Kev Ua Tau Zoo Tseem Ceeb
Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws tseem yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb, ntsuas los ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheej los ncua qhov kub nce thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv raws li cov qauv hluav taws kub. Cov txheej txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tsev yog tsim los ua lub zog hluav taws kub thaum raug rau qhov kub siab, qeeb qeeb hloov pauv cua sov thiab tiv thaiv cov hlau substrates rau lub sijhawm ntev, raws li tau lees paub hauv cov chaw sim tswj hwm raws li ASTM E119 thiab ISO 834 cov txheej txheem.
Kev puas tsuaj thiab kev cuam tshuam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tshuab tua hluav taws uas txau rau, uas yuav tsum tiv taus kev siv tshuab thaum lub sijhawm siv thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev. Cov txheej txheem ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov feem ntau muaj cov polymer networks lossis cov khoom sau uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Kev ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw noo noo lossis ntub dej, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ua los ntawm dej feem ntau yuav poob qhov ua tau zoo tom qab raug dej noo, ua rau cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb uas tiv taus hluav taws tawg lossis yaj. Cov kev nce qib tsis ntev los no suav nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hydrophobic monomers (xws li UDMA) thiab nce qhov ceev ntawm kev sib txuas - qee zaum los ntawm UV-curing - kom txo qhov nqus dej. Cov kev hloov kho no pab cov txheej txheem khaws cia kev ua haujlwm tiv taus hluav taws thiab dhau qhov kev sim laus sai nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cua sov thiab av noo, ua piv txwv zoo dua rau cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb tiag tiag.
Qhov cuam tshuam tsawg rau ib puag ncig ua rau muaj kev hloov mus rau cov tshuaj ua los ntawm dej, raws li cov cai ntawm cov organic compounds (VOCs). Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ua los ntawm dej pab tau cov chaw ua haujlwm, kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem, thiab kev ruaj khov tag nrho los ntawm kev tsim cov pa phem tsawg kawg nkaus thaum lub sijhawm sib tov thiab siv.
Cov Kev Xav Txog Cov Khoom Xyaw thiab Cov Khoom Siv rau Kev Saib Xyuas Txheej Txheem Inline
Kev xaiv cov khoom xyaw rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub uas ua tau zoo thiab siv dej ua ke sib npaug rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Cov khoom xws li graphite nthuav dav, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws uas muaj phosphorus, thiab cov resins polysiloxane-bonded yuav tsum tau faib thiab ntsuas kom sib npaug rau cov khoom zoo. Cov theem sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub yog qhov rhiab heev rau kev ua ntau yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm viscosity thiab qhov ceev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws kawg.
Kev ntsuas thiab tswj cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub ceev hauv kab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab, xws li cov uas Lonnmeter tsim, muab kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov txheej txheem ceev thoob plaws hauv kev sib tov thiab kev siv. Cov khoom siv no ua haujlwm tas li, xa cov ntaub ntawv tam sim ntawd rau kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem kom tswj tau qhov sib xws thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia. Piv txwv li, hauv kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws kub, txawm tias qhov sib txawv me me qhia txog qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev thauj khoom hluav taws lossis kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom sib txuas.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv kuj suav nrog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj dej nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj kev phom sij. Cov ntsuas viscosity thiab density niaj hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tawg, ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm zoo thaum lub sijhawm thov cov txheej txheem txau hluav taws. Lawv kev koom ua ke txo cov pawg tsis lees paub thiab txhim kho kev ua raws li cov qauv txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab cov txheej txheem kuaj.
Kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem zoo ntawm cov theem no tsis yog tsuas yog txhawb nqa cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws xwb tab sis kuj tseem ua rau muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo uas txhawb nqa kev cai lij choj thiab kev pov hwm thoob plaws lub neej ntawm cov txheej.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ua los ntawm dej rau cov qauv hlau yog dab tsi?
Cov txheej txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ua los ntawm dej tiv thaiv cov hlau nrog ib daim thaiv uas nthuav dav thiab rwb thaiv tsev thaum raug cua sov. Cov txheej txheej no muab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo, feem ntau ua tau raws li lossis tshaj cov qauv kev lag luam rau txog li 120 feeb ntawm cov hlau ua vaj tse, raws li kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov ntawv xov xwm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Siv dej ua lawv tus neeg nqa khoom tseem ceeb, cov txheej txheej no txo qis kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig los ntawm kev txo qis cov pa phem ntawm cov organic compound (VOC) - feem ntau qis dua 50 g / L, qis dua 250 g / L ntawm cov txheej txheem ua los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. Qhov kev txo qis no txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm huab cua hauv tsev thiab txhawb nqa kev ua raws li cov cai los ntawm US EPA thiab European REACH. Cov tshuaj lom tsawg dua thiab cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb dua ua rau lawv haum rau ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud, pab txhawb rau cov ntawv pov thawj tsev ntsuab xws li LEED. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb hauv cov tsev lag luam qhia tau tias cov txheej txheej no txo cov neeg ua haujlwm raug rau cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab VOCs, thaum tswj kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo.
Kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntom hauv kab ua li cas thiaj txhim kho cov tshuaj tsuag ntawm daim ntawv thov tiv thaiv hluav taws?
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab muab kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov tshuaj pleev xim sib xyaw ua ke. Kev saib xyuas tas mus li ua kom cov tshuaj pleev xim tiv thaiv hluav taws uas ua los ntawm dej tswj tau qhov ceev sib npaug thaum nws raug faib thiab siv rau ntawm cov hlau. Qhov ceev sib xws txhawb nqa kev npog tshuaj tsuag, kev nplaum zoo tshaj plaws, thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thaum raug hluav taws. Qhov no txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov chaw tsis muaj zog thiab ua kom cov tshuaj pleev xim siv tau raws li cov lus qhia tiv thaiv hluav taws. Cov chaw tsim khoom siv cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab, zoo li cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter, tuaj yeem hloov kho tam sim ntawd thaum lub sijhawm sib tov thiab txau kom tsis txhob rov ua haujlwm kim lossis kev tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Tej yam teeb meem twg yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws uas yog dej?
Kev sib xyaw ua ke rau cov txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws uas siv dej ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Kev sib xyaw tsis tiav tuaj yeem ua rau qhov ceev hloov pauv thiab kev sib kis tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Cov kev tsis sib xws no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov viscosity, ua rau muaj kab lossis qhov sib txawv thaum lub sijhawm txau. Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov khoom me me dhau yuav poob qhov tsis kam hluav taws; cov cheeb tsam tuab dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib txuas, tsim cov kab nrib pleb, lossis txo qhov ruaj khov. Yog tsis muaj kev saib xyuas thiab kev tswj hwm kom zoo, cov teeb meem no ua rau tsis ua raws li cov qauv txheej tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov qauv.
Vim li cas kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws thiaj li tseem ceeb rau kev tswj xyuas zoo?
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheej uas tiv taus hluav taws yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo hauv kev tsim khoom. Kev nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ceev kom raug pab tswj cov khoom tsim hluav taws uas xav tau uas muab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Yog tias qhov ceev ntau tshaj qhov tau teev tseg, cov txheej txheej yuav hnyav dhau, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg lossis siv cov khoom tsis tsim nyog; qis dhau, thiab kev tiv thaiv hluav taws yuav txo qis. Kev ntsuas hauv kab ua rau cov khoom sib xws thoob plaws hauv kev tsim khoom, txhim kho kev ntseeg tau, ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev tsim kho, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev nyab xeeb tag nrho. Cov chaw siv kev saib xyuas qhov ceev tiag tiag qhia txog kev ua tsis tiav zoo tsawg dua thiab cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv hluav taws sib xws ntau dua.
Cov cuab yeej twg tsim nyog rau kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws?
Cov cuab yeej siv rau kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab suav nrog densitometers, ultrasonic sensors, thiab cov tshuab kuaj tsis siv neeg. Cov khoom siv xws li cov los ntawm Lonnmeter muab cov lus teb tsis tu ncua thaum lub sijhawm sib tov txheej, tso cai rau cov kws kho kom sai kho qhov sib txawv. Ultrasonic sensors ntsuas qhov ceev los ntawm kev ntes cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub suab thaum cov khoom sib tov hla dhau lub sensor. Cov tshuab kuaj tsis siv neeg rho tawm cov qauv tsis tu ncua, ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tes. Cov thev naus laus zis no pab cov chaw tsim khoom tswj hwm cov qauv nruj rau cov dej-raws li hluav taws kub txheej ceev, ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem siv tshuaj tsuag hluav taws kub thiab tag nrho cov khoom zoo.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-11-2025
