Kev thov thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom zookev tsim ntsev hauv kev lag luamxav tau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo, txuas ntxiv mus, thiab txhim khu kev qha. Ib qho kev sib tw tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev sib cais cov khoom sodium chloride (NaCl) ntawm nws cov kua, yog kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov kua kom tiv thaiv kev crystallization tsis xav tau, ua ntej lub sijhawm.Kev Soj Ntsuam Qhov Ceev Tiag Tiagtshwm sim los ua cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb rau kev txo qhov kev phom sij tseem ceeb no, ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ntws tsis tu ncua thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem evaporation loj.
Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm Kev Soj Ntsuam Qhov Ceev Hauv Lub Sijhawm Tiag Tiag Hauv Kev Tsim Ntshav Hauv Kev Lag Luam
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawmKev Soj Ntsuam Qhov Ceev Tiag Tiagyog los ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd tiv thaiv cov teebmeem tsis zoo ntawmkev ua kom muaj zog ntau dhautshwm sim rau qhov chaw tsis raug lossis lub sijhawm tsis raug hauv kab ua ntsev. Los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov hnyav tshwj xeeb lossis qhov ceev ntawm cov kua sodium chloride tas li, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev pom ua ntej tsim nyog los kho cov txheej txheem.ua ntejQhov ntom ntawm cov kua dej hla qhov txwv ntawm kev yaj hauv cov khoom siv sab saud xws li cov evaporators. Qhov kev tiv thaiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab txo qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev saib xyuas.
Kev Txhais Cov Txheej Txheem Npaj Ntshav
Lub hauv paus ntawm niaj hnub nokev tsim ntsev hauv kev lag luamyog qhov kev sib cais thermal ntawm cov khoom NaCl los ntawmcov kua dej tsis huvrho tawm los ntawm cov chaw xws li cov pas dej ntsev, cov chaw khawb ntsev hauv av, lossis dej hiav txwv. Qhov kev hloov pauv lub cev no, hu ua "kev ua kom qhuav thiab ua kom qhuav - crystallization," yog ua raws li qhov sib law liag, txhua theem txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg thiab lub zog ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Kauj Ruam 1: Kev Ua Pa thiab Kev Sib Sau Ua Ke (Kua → Kua Uas Tsis Muaj Pa)
Theem pib yog kev sib sau ua ke cov kua sodium chloride nyoos uas muaj qhov tsawg tsawg. Cov kua ntsev no, uas muaj dej ntau heev, nkag mus rau hauv cov chav ua kom qhuav loj - feem ntau yog Multi-Effect Evaporators (MEE) lossis Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) systems. Los ntawm kev siv cua sov lossis kev ua kom qhuav hauv qab qhov siab txo qis, cov dej ntau heev raug tshem tawm. Cov kua ntsev qhov concentration nce ntxiv tas li.Kev saib xyuas qhov ceev hauv onlineyog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum lub sijhawm no kom taug qab cov qib kev xav tau nce siab kom zoo. Qhov kev ceev faj no yog tsom rau kev tiv thaivkev ua kom sai thiab crystallization sai nyob rau hauvcov cua sov sib pauv thiab cov evaporator lub cev, ib qho mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev qias neeg thiab kev thaiv sai sai. Qhov tshwm sim xav tau ntawm Kauj Ruam 1 yog kev tsim ntawm ib qhocov tshuaj sodium chloride uas muaj ntau dhau—ib qho kua uas yaj tau yooj yim uas qhov concentration ntawm cov solute tshaj qhov txwv ntawm kev yaj rau qhov kub ua haujlwm, npaj rau theem tom ntej.
Kauj Ruam 2: Kev Siv Crystallization thiab Kev Sib Cais (Cov Kua Uas Tsis Muaj Supersaturated → Cov Crystals Khoom)
Cov kua uas muaj zog thiab supersaturated ces raug xa mus rau hauv lub tshuab crystallizer tshwj xeeb (uas tej zaum yuav yog qhov tshwm sim kawg ntawm MEE system lossis lub tshuab crystallizer txias tshwj xeeb). Kev ua kom dej noo ntxiv lossis kev txo qhov kub thiab txias kom txo qis muab lub zog tsav tsheb tsim nyog - qib supersaturation - uas yuam kom cov sodium chloride solute precipitate. Cov NaCl molecules tawm ntawm theem kua, tsim cov khoom siv NaCl khov. Cov khoom siv no, tam sim no yog cov khoom lag luam, tom qab ntawd raug cais tawm ntawm cov kua seem (niam cawv) siv cov txheej txheem kho tshuab xws li kev sib cais centrifugal lossis kev lim dej. Cov theem kawg suav nrog kev ziab (tshem tawm cov dej noo) thiab sieving (kev ntsuas qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me) kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam, khov.cov khoom siv ntsev rau kev lag luam.
Kev Tsim Ntshav
Cov txheej txheem evaporation crystallization rau kev tsim cov ntsev pov tseg kev lag luam
Cov Kev Phom Sij Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Supersaturation Crystallization
Tsis tswj tau los yog ua ntej lub sijhawmkev ua kom muaj zog ntau dhaunyob rau hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau ua pa tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tsis yooj yim xwb; nws sawv cev rau peb yam kev phom sij loj hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab kev lag luam:
Kev ua qias tuaj thiab kev teeb tsa:Qhov tshwm sim tam sim ntawd tshaj plaws yog qhov tsim ntawm NaCl nplai ntawm cov nplaim hloov pauv cua sov (cov raj, cov phaj, phab ntsa) ntawm cov evaporators. Cov siv lead ua ke no ua haujlwm ua cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev.
Kev thaiv thiab kev txo qis ntawm kev xa khoom:Kev tsim cov nplai loj zuj zus sai sai ua rau cov kav dej, cov qhov dej, thiab cov raj xa cua sov tsis loj txaus, ua rau muaj kev thaiv loj heev. Qhov no ua rau yuav tsum kaw tag nrho thiab kim heev rau kev ntxuav tshuab lossis tshuaj lom neeg, uas cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev tsim khoom.
Kev Poob Zog thiab Cov Nqi Ua Haujlwm Ntxiv:Qhov ua rau cov pa phem ua rau cov coefficient hloov pauv cua sov (U) qis dua qhov qub. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov evaporation rate, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua kom lub qhov kub ntawm lub pa (ΔT), ua rau qhov kub nce ntxiv.kev siv hluav taws xob—tus nqi hloov pauv loj tshaj plaws hauv MEE thiab MVRkev tsim ntsev hauv kev lag luam.
Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab Hauv Kev Tswj Qhov Ceev: Kev Tswj Xyuas Ua Ntej thiab Ua Ntej
Txoj kev mus rau kev tsim cov ntsev zoo tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm kev saib xyuas reactive mus raukev tswj hwm ua ntej, ua tau yooj yim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab,online densimeter cov ntaub ntawv real-time.
Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no nyob hauv kev siv cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev no - tus neeg sawv cev ncaj qha rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj thiab, qhov tseem ceeb, qhovtheem ntawm kev ua kom ntau dhau- pub movcov qauv kwv yees ntse rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm supersaturationCov qauv no tshuaj xyuas qhov nrawm ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev, qhov kub thiab txias, qhov siab, thiab cov nqi ntws los kwv yees qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev siv lead ua kom puas tsuaj ua ntej lawv tshwm sim.
Qhov kev muaj peev xwm kwv yees no ua rau muaj kevcov txheej txheem tswj hwm siab heevuas ua rau muaj kev hloov kho dynamic ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb MVR / ntau yam evaporator:
Kev Ntxiv Dej/Kev Tso Dej Tawm:Kev hloov kho txhua feeb rau qhov dej tshiab nkag los yog qhov dej ntsev uas muaj zog tawm tuaj yeem ua rau qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj sai sai.
Kev Tswj Kub / Siab:Kev hloov me me, xam tau hauv qhov siab ua haujlwm (thiab yog li ntawd qhov kub thiab txias thiab qhov kub thiab txias) hauv cov teebmeem tuaj yeem txo qhov degree ntawm supersaturation me ntsis, tiv thaiv kev nucleation ntawm cov nplai teeb meem.
Lonnmeter Inline Density Meters
Txoj Kev Tiv Thaiv: Tswj Kev Tsim Crystal
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawmkev tswj hwm qhov ceev kom meejnyob rau hauv nws qhov kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm crystallization physics:kev tsim nucleation, kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev, thiabkev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Nucleation:Los ntawm kev ua kom cov tshuaj concentration qis dua qhov txwv concentration tseem ceeb rauua tau yam tsis tau npaj tseg(homogeneous) nucleation, lub kaw lus tswj qhov ceev ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov siv lead ua tsuas yog tsim ntawm qhov chaw xav tau (lub crystallizer) thiab feem ntau ntawm cov noob siv lead ua uas twb muaj lawm (heterogeneous nucleation). Qhov no tiv thaiv kev tsim dav ntawm "fines" lossis scale-forming nuclei hauv lub evaporator.
Kev Loj Hlob Kinetics thiab Morphology:Tswj kev ua kom ruaj khovqis tab sis zootheem ntawm supersaturation ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov nplaim siv lead ua uas twb muaj lawm yog cov chaw nyiam rau NaCl deposition. Qhov no txhawb nqa kev tswj hwmkev loj hlob ntawm cov siv lead uaes tsis yog kev tsim nucleation yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov ntsev loj dua, ua cov pob zeb zoo dua thiab txo qis qhov muaj peev xwm scaling.
Los ntawm kev ua tusinline density meterrau qhov muaj peev xwm supersaturation,kev saib xyuas qhov ceev ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiaghloov cov txheej txheem crystallization los ntawm kev ua haujlwm pheej hmoo, ua haujlwm tsis zoo mus rau hauv kev tswj hwm, kev kwv yees tau. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov chaw uas tsom mus rau kev siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev siv nyiaj tsawg kawg nkaus hauv kev sib tw ntawmkev tsim ntsev hauv kev lag luam.
Tiv taujLonnmeterthov kom tau txais kev hais nqe thiab koom ua ke cov thev naus laus zis tswj hwm tseem ceeb no rau hauv koj cov kab ntau lawm.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Cuaj hlis-30-2025
