ContinuousKev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene yog lub hauv paus rau kev nyab xeeb, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm uas koom nrog kev ntxuav propylene, khaws cia, thiab tuav. Nws yog lub hauv paus rau kev tswj cov khoom muag, kev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab xyuas kom meej tias ob qho tib si cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom kawg - xws li cov rau polymer qib propylene - tau ua tiav raws li qhov ntseeg tau. Rau cov tshuaj volatile thiab pressurized xws li propylene, cov ntaub ntawv ceev tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv tshuab xwb tab sis kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev suav cov tank puv, kev txiav txim siab qhov chaw vapor, thiab kev txo qis kev pheej hmoo hauv kev khaws cia thiab hloov chaw.
Kev Taw Qhia
Cov propylene (PGP) uas muaj qhov huv siab, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam tshuaj niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev tsim cov polypropylene. Nrog rau qhov huv feem ntau siab dua 99.5%, PGP ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov tshuaj polymerization, kev ua haujlwm catalyst zoo tshaj plaws, thiab kev tsim cov polypropylene nrog cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj zoo sib xws. Qhov zoo ntawm PGP cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev lag luam xws li kev ntim khoom thiab cov khoom siv tsheb mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv kho mob, qhov twg txawm tias qhov sib txawv me me hauv cov qauv polymer lossis lub zog kho tshuab tuaj yeem muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tom qab.
Kev Tsim Khoom Propylene
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Kev ntxuav propylene kom ua tiav cov qauv qib polymer suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov cim ntawm propane, dienes, oxygenates, thiab lwm yam khoom tsis huv. Cov khoom tsis huv no, txawm tias ntawm ppm theem, tuaj yeem ua rau cov catalysts rhiab heev xws li Ziegler-Natta thiab Metallocene systems lom heev, ua rau catalyst tsis ua haujlwm, txo cov txiaj ntsig, kev faib tawm qhov hnyav molecular dav dua, thiab hloov pauv cov yam ntxwv kawg ntawm cov khoom. Cov nroj tsuag Polypropylene vam khom cov txheej txheem xws li kev distillation siab heev, adsorption los ntawm cov hlau-organic frameworks (MOFs), thiab kev sib cais membrane kom txo cov khoom tsis huv no thiab khaws cia kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Kev khaws cia kom ruaj ntseg thiab kev tuav cov kua propylene kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb vim nws cov khoom txaus ntshai. Propylene yog cov khoom siv hluav taws kub heev, khaws cia rau hauv qhov siab siab, thiab tsim cov khoom sib xyaw nrog huab cua. Yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem ruaj khov: kev khaws cia yuav tsum tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw muaj cua zoo siv cov thawv siab uas tau ntawv pov thawj uas muaj cov khoom siv txo qhov siab thiab kev saib xyuas pa. Tsuas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm tau kawm tiav thiaj li yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm hloov pauv thiab kuaj raws li kev ua raws li cov cai kev nyab xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm, kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv chaw ua haujlwm.
Lwm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev muab propylene txhim khu kev qha yog qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov kua propylene ceev - ib yam khoom uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj cov txheej txheem, kev tswj cov khoom muag, thiab cov khoom zoo. Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog propylene, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab qhov huv thiab rau kev ntsuas qhov ntws thiab qhov ntsuas loj thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, hloov pauv, thiab cov theem polymerization pub. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj xws li kev ntsuas hydrostatic muab cov nqi siv tab sis tsis haum rau kev siv tas mus li hauv cov chaw lag luam. Cov kev daws teeb meem siab heev - oscillation-hom ceev meters, suav nrog cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter - ua kom muaj kev soj ntsuam inline, lub sijhawm tiag tiag, txhawb nqa ob qho tib si kev lees paub zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov khoom siv no muab qhov tseeb siab thiab tau tsim los ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias nyuaj ntsib hauv propylene logistics thiab polypropylene ntau lawm, ua kom muaj kev sib xws thiab kev taug qab thoob plaws hauv cov saw hlau muab khoom.
Kev nkag siab txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntxuav propylene, kev ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, kev khaws cia kom ruaj ntseg, thiab kev ntsuas qhov ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xa cov propylene polymer zoo thiab ruaj khov rau cov nroj tsuag polypropylene thoob ntiaj teb, txhawb nqa cov qauv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb uas kev lag luam xav tau.
Polymer-Qib Propylene: Kev Txhais, Cov Khoom, thiab Kev Tsim Khoom
Polymer-Qib Propylene Yog Dab Tsi?
Polymer-qib propylene yog ib hom propylene uas huv heev (C₃H₆) uas tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov polypropylene thiab lwm yam polymers. Nws qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm qhov kev thov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj polymerization catalysts xws li Ziegler-Natta thiab metallocene systems. Cov catalysts no muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau cov pa phem xws li sulfur, phosphorus, dej, thiab oxygenates, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov catalyst tsis ua haujlwm thiab ua rau cov khoom polymer tsis zoo. Vim li no, polymer-qib propylene yuav tsum tshaj qhov purity threshold ntawm 99.5%, nrog rau cov lus qhia kev lag luam feem ntau ncav cuag txog 99.7%. Cov ntsiab lus sulfur tsuas yog txwv rau tsawg dua 0.1–0.2 ppm, phosphorus feem ntau qis dua 0.1 ppm, thiab dej qis dua 5 ppm los tiv thaiv cov catalyst ua haujlwm thiab lub neej ntev. Cov thev naus laus zis catalyst sib tw, xws li cov uas siv rau hauv cov khoom loj, cov kua, thiab cov roj-theem polymerizations, sib txawv hauv lawv cov kev kam rau siab, tab sis txhua tus xav tau cov khoom noj khoom haus huv heev rau kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev lag luam. Kev tswj qhov kev huv si no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv catalyst kim thiab lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov khoom noj tshuaj rau kev tsim propylene.
Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb
Propylene yog ib qho roj tsis muaj xim, uas muaj zog heev ntawm cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, uas ua rau muaj kev cov nyom tshwj xeeb rau kev tuav thiab khaws cia. Nws lub ntsiab lus kub yog -47.6 ° C, thiab nws lub ntsiab lus yaj yog -185 ° C. Thaum khaws cia lossis thauj mus los ua kua hauv qab qhov siab, kev nkag siab txog ob qho tib si kua propylene ceev thiab volatility yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Ntawm -48 ° C thiab atmospheric siab, kua propylene ceev yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.51 g / cm³. Hauv qab qhov chaw khaws cia siab (piv txwv li, 8-10 bar, 20 ° C), qhov ceev tuaj yeem nce mus txog kwv yees li 0.49-0.52 g / cm³. Cov kev ntsuas ceev no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem, kev ntsuas lub tank, thiab kev ntsuas theem. Propylene yog li 1.5 npaug denser hauv theem pa dua li huab cua, ua rau muaj kev nyiam rau cov pa dej khiav tawm kom sib sau ua ke hauv thaj chaw qis, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tawg. Kev ntsuas kom raug ntawm cov kua propylene ceev yog ua tiav los ntawm cov ntsuas ceev inline, xws li cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter, tso cai rau cov neeg teb xov tooj kom saib xyuas thiab tswj cov khoom muag thiab ua kom zoo dua cov xwm txheej khaws cia. Qhov kev hloov pauv thiab tus cwj pwm theem xav tau cov kev daws teeb meem tsim los rau kev sib cais theem, kev tswj hwm flash, thiab kev kuaj pom qhov xau thaum lub sijhawm tuav thiab khaws cia.
Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom Tseem Ceeb
Cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov polymer-qib propylene yog steam cracking, catalytic cracking, thiab olefin disproportionation (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog metathesis).
Kev tawg ua pa:Kev tawg ntawm cov hydrocarbons (naphtha, LPG, lossis ethane) feem ntau yog tsim cov ethylene tab sis kuj tsim cov khoom lag luam propylene muaj nqis. Cov khoom pib muaj cov hydrocarbons sib xyaw uas xav tau kev ntxuav ntau kauj ruam, suav nrog cryogenic distillation thiab hydrogenation, kom ua tiav cov qauv polymer-qib. Ib qho kev sib tw yog qhov ze ntawm cov ntsiab lus kub ntawm propylene thiab propane, uas ua rau kev sib cais nyuaj thiab tsav tsheb nce nqi zog thiab khoom siv.
Kev tawg ntawm catalytic:Cov khoom siv Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) hloov cov roj av mus rau hauv cov alkenes sib dua, tsim cov propylene ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. FCC thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam kuj tsim cov olefins siab dua (C₄–C₈), uas tom qab ntawd cracking yuav ua rau cov propylene ntau ntxiv tab sis ntxiv qhov nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem sib cais.
Kev Tsis Sib Piv ntawm Olefin (Metathesis):Cov thev naus laus zis metathesis, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ethylene thiab butenes, ua rau muaj peev xwm tsim cov propylene raws li lub hom phiaj. Cov txheej txheem no zoo nkauj rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom noj thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov kwj deg huv siab nrog cov khoom hnyav tsawg dua, txo cov kev xav tau kev ntxuav hauv qab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom noj thiab cov qauv khoom seem tseem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntxuav.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yeej ib txwm muaj cov khoom seem - xws li hydrogen, methane, thiab ntau yam C₄+ hydrocarbons kom taug qab cov khoom tsis huv - uas yuav tsum tau sib cais kom zoo kom cais cov propylene ntawm qib polymer purity. Txhua txoj kev cov khoom seem txiav txim siab qhov muaj zog thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm kev ntxuav dej ntws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev tshem tawm cov propane, unsaturates, thiab cov tshuaj lom me me. Cov kauj ruam ntxuav, suav nrog kev xaiv hydrogenation, distillation, adsorption, thiab cov txheej txheem membrane siab heev, tau tsim rau txhua txoj kev kom ua tau raws li cov kev cai huv propylene uas xav tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm polymerization.
Kev saib xyuas tas mus li thiab kev hloov kho cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev, xws li qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene thiab qhov kub, thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab khaws cia, yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis ntsuas inline siab heev xws li cov los ntawm Lonnmeter. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev suav qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav thiab rau kev ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev tuav thiab khaws cia cov kua propylene qhov twg yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kom meej.
Hauv qab no yog daim ntawv qhia sib piv uas qhia txog qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej sib txawv:
| Kub (°C) | Siab (bar) | Cov kua Propylene ceev (g/cm³) |
| -48 | 1 | 0.51 |
| 0 | 5 | 0.52 |
| 20 | 9 | 0.49 |
| 40 | 15 | 0.47 |
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev kom raug qhia txog cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv txhua qhov chaw uas ua haujlwm nrog kev khaws cia thiab kev tuav propylene.
Cov Tswv Yim Txog Kev Ntxuav Propylene Rau Cov Khoom Siv Polymer Qib
Cov Txuj Ci Kev Ua Kom Huv Si Hauv Kev Lag Luam
Kev rho tawm tseem yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev ntxuav propylene, cais propylene ntawm propane thiab lwm yam hydrocarbons sib dua kom ua tau raws li qhov siab tshaj 99.5% qhov yuav tsum tau rau polymer qib propylene. Cov txheej txheem siv qhov sib txawv me me hauv cov ntsiab lus kub - propylene ntawm -47.6 ° C thiab propane ntawm -42.1 ° C - xav tau cov kem siab, siab reflux thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb. Qhov kev thov hluav taws xob hnyav no ua rau kev rho tawm ib txwm kim heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov kev xav tau kev huv huv nruj dua thiab cov hom phiaj ua haujlwm nce ntxiv. Cov kev txwv suav nrog kev poob propylene (keeb kwm txog li 2,900 tons ib xyoos hauv cov chaw ua roj ib chav) thiab txo qis cov nyiaj rov qab thaum ntau lub tais lossis ntau dua reflux raug siv rau kev txhim kho kev huv huv me ntsis.
Cov tswv yim distillation siab heev daws qee qhov teeb meem no. Kev siv bottom flash distillation, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem txo qhov poob propylene ntau dua 70%, txhais tau tias yuav txuag tau nyiaj ntau rau cov chaw uas txaus siab nqis peev rau cov qauv tshiab lossis kev hloov kho. Cov chav sib xyaw membrane-distillation ntxiv txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ywj pheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tuav cov khoom noj sib txawv. Cov hybrids no qhia txog kev txo qis 12.6% ntawm cov nqi txhua xyoo los ntawm kev tshem tawm qee qhov kev sib cais rau cov polymeric lossis inorganic membranes xaiv ua ntej kev kho zaum kawg los ntawm distillation. Cov txheej txheem extractive distillation siv cov kua ionic xaiv tshwj xeeb ua entrainers, xws li [BMIM][TFA], ua rau kev txiav hluav taws xob txog li 82% dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab no ua ke txav kev lag luam mus rau kev ua kom huv propylene ruaj khov dua, scalable, thiab pheej yig dua.
Kev ntxuav raws li kev nqus tau muab lwm txoj hauv kev lossis kev ua kom tiav rau kev distillation. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li Cu-MOF-74 (cov hlau-organic frameworks) tau ua pov thawj zoo heev vim lawv cov microporosity tsim ua tib zoo thiab qhib cov hlau qhov chaw. Cov frameworks no ua rau muaj kev xaiv ntau ntawm propylene los ntawm kev sib xyaw molecular thiab kev sib cuam tshuam nyiam ntawm cov hydrocarbons unsaturated thiab cov tooj liab nodes. Kev sim kho-txaj kuaj xyuas lees paub tias Cu-MOF-74 tuaj yeem tsim propylene nrog kev ntshiab tshaj 99.5%, ua tau raws li cov qauv kev lag luam polymer. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov adsorption systems no ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab me me thiab ze-ambient kub, txo qis zog nkag piv rau cov txheej txheem thermal, thiab tuaj yeem rov tsim dua rau kev siv tas mus li.
Cov qauv kev ntxuav tshiab dua ntxiv suav nrog ntau yam thev naus laus zis. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw feem ntau siv thawj theem adsorption siv cov qauv ultra-microporous (xws li azolate-based sorbents) los ua kom propylene sib xyaw, ua raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke kom lav qhov tshem tawm cov pa phem. Cov txheej txheem no ua kom muaj kev tso zis siab heev, txiav kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab ua kom cov haujlwm yooj yim dua. Piv txwv li, ib qho adsorption-desorption voj voog tau tshaj tawm tias xa > 99.7% propylene hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj thiab kev sim. Hybrid hollow-fiber membrane thiab distillation tsheb ciav hlau txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ruaj khov thiab kev hloov pauv sai rau cov khoom siv raw, xa cov khoom polymer-qib sib xws thaum txo cov pa roj carbon.
Ua tiav Ultra-High Purity
Cov propylene qib polymer xav tau cov qib tsis huv feem ntau qis dua 30 ppm propane, 1 ppm ethylene, 1 ppm dej, thiab ppt cov tshuaj lom catalyst (piv txwv li, O₂, CO, amines, sulfur compounds) los tiv thaiv cov catalysts polymerization siab thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom polymer sib xws. Kev ua tiav thiab tswj cov qib purity zoo li no vam khom cov tsheb ciav hlau purification sib xyaw ua ke, sib txuas cov kev sib cais loj nrog cov kauj ruam ua tiav thiab kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag.
Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem ntxuav tau tsim los ua cov nodes hauv cov saw hlau tsim khoom propylene dav dua, sib txuas nrog cov chaw tawg lossis dehydrogenation thiab cov reactors polymerization downstream. Kev tswj hwm zoo yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov khoom siv raw mus rau qhov chaw khaws khoom kawg. Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv inline analyzers thiab cov ntsuas ceev thiab viscosity siab heev - xws li cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter - ua rau kev ntsuas sai, meej ntawm cov khoom siv kua propylene tseem ceeb, xws li qhov ceev ntawm kua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev khaws cia, kev hloov pauv, thiab kev tswj hwm kev noj tshuaj.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav suav nrog:
- Kev lim dej thawj zaug rau kev sib cais ntau thiab txo qhov tsis huv,
- Cu-MOF-74 lossis cov txaj adsorbent zoo sib xws rau kev xaiv cov khoom zoo,
- Kev lim dej zaum kawg lossis kev txhuam daim nyias nyias kom ncav cuag <10 ppm tag nrho cov hydrocarbon impurities.
Cov qauv no txo qis ob qho tib si peev thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm thaum ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom noj propylene ua tau raws li lossis tshaj cov qauv kev huv ntawm kev lag luam.
Kev muab cov propylene ntshiab heev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kab ntau lawm polypropylene thiab copolymer, vim tias qhov kev rhiab heev ntawm catalyst rau cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov txiaj ntsig, cov khoom zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov kua propylene ceev - ntsuas ob qho tib si hauv cov tank thiab ntawm lub reactor pub - tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv pub tsis raug thiab txhawb nqa cov yam ntxwv polymer sib xws. Cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas cov kua ceev, xws li cov ntsuas kev co hauv kab thiab cov ntsuas pycnometers hauv chav kuaj, tau koom ua ke thoob plaws hauv kev khaws cia thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm propylene. Cov thev naus laus zis Lonnmeter, tsim los rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag, kev saib xyuas qhov tseeb siab, pab kaw lub voj voog tswj hwm rau kev lees paub zoo, kev tuav, thiab kev khaws cia cov kua propylene ua cov khoom noj khoom haus npaj txhij.
Kev tuav thiab khaws cia propylene kom ruaj ntseg yog nyob ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev kaw lub cev, kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem, thiab kev tawm tswv yim los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kab. Cov kev ntsuas no, koom ua ke nrog cov tswv yim ntxuav, xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom kawg xa mus rau cov khoom polymer tsis yog tsuas yog ultra-purity xwb tab sis kuj ua tau raws li txhua yam kev qhia txog lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas txuas nrog qhov ceev, cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab cov khoom ua qias tuaj.
Kev Khaws Cia thiab Kev Siv Propylene: Cov Kev Xyaum Zoo Tshaj Plaws thiab Cov Teeb Meem
Kev Khaws Cia Kom Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb Thiab Zoo
Kev xaiv qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau propylene yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov hlab ntsha uas muaj siab, cov thoob dej txias, thiab cov qhov tsua hauv av. Cov hlab ntsha uas muaj siab yog txoj hauv kev feem ntau rau qhov muaj peev xwm nruab nrab, siv cov thoob dej hlau uas tsim los ntawm ASME cov qauv. Cov kab ke no ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tswj propylene ua kua los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov siab tshaj nws qhov kub npau. Lawv qhov ua tau zoo nyob ntawm kev ua raws li cov kev cai nruj ntawm lub hauv paus, kev tiv thaiv xeb, thiab kev siv cov khoom siv txo qhov siab. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb tas mus li.
Cov thoob dej txias yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev khaws cia propylene loj lossis ntev. Cov thoob dej no tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab huab cua lossis cryogenic nrog kev rwb thaiv tsev zoo, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua pa thiab kev poob. Kev kaw tag nrho lossis ob phab ntsa tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv los ntawm kev muab kev rov ua dua yog tias muaj kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev kaw thawj zaug. Kev xav tau kev ua haujlwm rau kev khaws cia hauv tub yees suav nrog kev saib xyuas kev ruaj khov ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov qauv vim muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev hloov pauv thermal. Kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev kaw lossis kev rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem nce mus rau qhov tso pa tawm dav dav thiab cov xwm txheej overpressure.
Cov qhov tsua hauv av, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb ntsev lossis cov pob zeb tsim nyog, yog siv thaum yuav tsum khaws cov khoom loj heev. Cov qhov tsua no tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev tswj hwm kub, txo cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws lossis tawg ntawm qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse nce ntxiv nrog qhov xav tau los xyuas kom meej tias kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj qhov xau, tswj kev rho tawm / kev txhaj tshuaj, thiab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem hauv av lossis kev ua qias tuaj.
Kev khaws cia kom zoo yog nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias, siab, thiab rwb thaiv tsev. Propylene yuav tsum khaws cia rau hauv qhov txwv qis thiab siab kom tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv theem txaus ntshai. Kev nias ntau dhau lossis kub dhau tuaj yeem ua rau pa sai sai, ua rau muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb thiab kev huv. Cov chaw khaws khoom siab heev siv kev ntsuas kub thiab siab tas mus li nrog rau cov qhov tswj tsis siv neeg thiab cov khoom hloov pauv cua sov kom ruaj khov. Kev ua raws li cov kev cai tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab cov kev txwv ntawm cov khoom muag yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua yam khoom khaws cia.
Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom cia thiab kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm yog qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene. Qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene hloov pauv raws li qhov kub thiab txias, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov loj ntawm lub tank thiab kev tswj hwm cov khoom muag. Piv txwv li, kev hloov pauv me me ntawm qhov kub cia tuaj yeem hloov qhov ceev txaus kom cuam tshuam rau cov khoom muag uas tau xam. Txhawm rau tswj qhov no, cov chaw siv cov txheej txheem ntsuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag - xws li cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab, cov khoom xa mus rau qib radar, thiab cov lus kho - los hloov cov ntim ntsuas mus rau hauv cov khoom muag loj. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshaj tawm kev cai lij choj thiab rau kev txo qis qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom muag. Kev siv kev tswj hwm raws li pawg ntau dua li kev taug qab ntim xwb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov kua propylene, xa qhov tseeb uas xav tau rau kev hloov pauv kev saib xyuas thiab kev tiv thaiv kev poob.
Hauv qab no yog daim duab qhia txog qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene hloov pauv li cas nrog qhov kub thiab txias, qhia txog nws cov nyhuv ncaj qha rau kev suav cov khoom hauv lub tank:
Kub (°C) | Qhov Ceev ntawm Cov Propylene Ua Kua (kg/m³) |
|-----------------|---------------------------------|
| -40 | 636 |
| -20 | 608 |
| 0 | 579 |
| 20 | 550 |
| 40 | 520 |
Raws li tau qhia, qhov kub nce ntxiv ntawm -40°C mus rau 40°C ua rau cov kua dej ceev dua 100 kg/m³, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev khaws cia kom ruaj khov thiab kev ntsuas qhov ceev kom raug hauv kev tswj cov khoom muag.
Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm
Kev siv cov kua thiab cov pa roj propylene kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kev muab khoom siv tau zoo. Cov txheej txheem pib nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev xa khoom, kev thauj khoom, thiab kev tshem tawm kom muaj kev nyab xeeb. Txhua txoj kab xa khoom thiab cov hoses yuav tsum sib xws nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj ntawm propylene kom tiv thaiv kev o lossis kev puas tsuaj. Cov kev sib txuas tau kuaj xyuas siab, thiab txhua qhov kev xa khoom raug saib xyuas los ntawm chav tswj hwm hauv nruab nrab. Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm koom nrog kev tuav siv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv hluav taws, cov khoom siv ntes roj tus kheej, thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob kom tshem tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kev hloov pauv ua raws li qhov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws: xyuas kom meej tias lub tank thiab kab sib cais, cov khoom siv hauv av thiab kev sib txuas, maj mam nce qhov siab ntawm kab, thiab kev sib npaug ntawm cov pa dej kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau. Cov kab ke faib cov kav dej muaj cov qhov dej uas ua haujlwm deb thiab cov txheej txheem txo qhov siab. Thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm, cov kab ke hloov pauv pa dej lossis kev rov qab tau cov pa dej kaw-loop yog siv los txo qhov tso pa tawm ntawm cov pa dej uas yooj yim hlawv thiab zam kev nkag mus rau hauv huab cua, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke tawg.
Vim tias propylene muaj qhov tsis ruaj khov thiab yooj yim kub hnyiab, kev txo qhov txaus ntshai yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem raug lees paub rau ob qho tib si xwm txheej ib txwm muaj thiab xwm txheej ceev. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ib txwm txheeb xyuas txhua qhov kev sib txuas rau qhov xau siv dej xab npum lossis cov cuab yeej ntes roj xau tshwj xeeb. Qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau khaws cia kom deb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tsim nyog thiab cov chaw taws teeb, thiab cov qhov kaw thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev tau muab tso rau ntawm cov chaw nkag tau. Cov xwm txheej tsis ua haujlwm - xws li cov yeeb nkab puas tsuaj, cov thoob dej puv dhau, lossis cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tsis zoo - raug daws los ntawm kev kaw lub kaw lus tsis siv neeg thiab kev tswj cov pa roj kom zoo.
Kev rov qab tau cov pa roj thiab kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob xau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Cov txheej txheem rov qab tau cov pa roj niaj hnub—xws li cov khoom siv hauv qab lossis cov khoom siv rov qab tau cov pa roj—txo cov pa tawm hauv huab cua thiab muab cov kev xaiv rov ua dua tshiab rau cov txheej txheem. Cov chaw uas muaj cov txheej txheem zoo li no qhia txog kev txo qis ntau ntawm kev poob ntawm cov pa roj thiab kev ua tau zoo dua ntawm kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv ntes cov pa roj nrog cov sensors roj thiab cov tswb ceeb toom tau koom ua ke rau hauv cov chaw tsim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua rau muaj kev teb sai sai yog tias muaj kev tso tawm tsis raug. Kev ntes cov pa roj tau ntxiv los ntawm cov txheej txheem kaw thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev uas cais cov seem ntawm lub kaw lus thiab ua kom cov pa roj ntau lossis cov ntaub thaiv dej nyab.
Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev siv propylene kom muaj kev nyab xeeb yog kev tswj xyuas cov khoom muag kom zoo. Cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab, xws li cov uas Lonnmeter tsim, txhawb nqa kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene tiag tiag. Cov ntsuas no muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau cov kab ke tswj hwm, pab cov neeg ua haujlwm txheeb xyuas tias cov txheej txheem hloov pauv thiab khaws cia tsis ua rau muaj kev sau ntau dhau lossis tsis txaus, yog li txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nchuav thiab kev ua pa. Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ncaj qha, nrog rau kev nyeem siab thiab kub, tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm khaws cia thiab kev saib xyuas kom ntseeg tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov xwm txheej kub thiab siab hloov pauv.
Tag nrho, cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev khaws cia thiab kev tuav propylene ua ke cov kev daws teeb meem tsim, kev saib xyuas tas mus li, thiab cov txheej txheem ua kom nruj kom daws tau cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb uas cov tshuaj lom neeg no muaj zog heev. Lawv txoj kev siv ua ke tseem tsis tau sib tham rau kev nyab xeeb, ua raws li txoj cai, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv kev tsim khoom, khaws cia, thiab faib cov polymer qib propylene.
Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev ntawm Cov Kua Propylene: Cov Ntsiab Cai thiab Cov Kev Daws Teeb Meem
Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev
Rau kev tswj cov khoom muag, kev txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm cov kua propylene ceev tso cai rau cov neeg teb xov tooj hloov ntawm qhov ntim thiab qhov hnyav nrog qhov yuam kev tsawg kawg nkaus, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev suav nyiaj, kev hloov pauv kev saib xyuas, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev poob. Hauv kev tswj cov txheej txheem, kev ntsuas qhov ceev tiag tiag yog siv los xyuas kom meej tias muaj cov khoom noj sib xws rau cov chav tshuaj tiv thaiv, suav nrog cov neeg muab cov khoom noj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev tsim polypropylene. Txawm tias qhov sib txawv me me hauv cov khoom propylene kua tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm catalyst thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg. Cov pab pawg paub tseeb zoo vam khom qhov ceev ua qhov qhia ncaj qha ntawm cov khoom ua raws li thiab kev dawb huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los lees paub cov khoom siv ua polymer qib propylene. Ntxiv mus, kev paub txog qhov ceev raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb, cuam tshuam kev txiav txim siab txog cov theem tank, qhov chaw txo qhov siab, thiab cov tswv yim teb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev hauv qab cov xwm txheej kub hnyiab thiab volatile feem ntau ntawm kev pabcuam propylene.
Cov Txheej Txheem Rau Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev ntawm Cov Kua
Muaj ntau txoj kev siv los ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua xws li propylene, txhua txoj muaj cov ntsiab cai sib txawv, qhov zoo, thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Txoj kev coj ua qub tshaj plaws yoglub tshuab ntsuas dej, ib lub khob iav uas tau calibrated float immersed nyob rau hauv cov kua uas nws qib ntawm buoyancy ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev. Txawm hais tias siv dav rau kev yooj yim, hydrometers tuaj yeem tsis muaj qhov tseeb uas xav tau rau propylene kev pabcuam, qhov twg qhov sib txawv me me muaj cov txiaj ntsig loj.
Ntau dua yog qhovoscillating U-tube densitometerCov cuab yeej digital no muaj ib lub raj khoob uas txav mus los. Qhov zaus ntawm kev txav mus los sib txawv nrog qhov hnyav ntawm lub raj thiab cov kua hauv, ua rau kev txiav txim siab qhov ceev ncaj qha thiab raug heev, yog tias qhov kub thiab siab raug tswj zoo.
Cov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom siv digital—qee qhov raws li kev siv tshuab oscillating U-tube—ua ke kev nyeem ntawv ncaj qha, kev them qhov kub thiab txias tsis siv neeg, thiab kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Cov no zoo heev rau cov chaw ib puag ncig uas xav tau ntau thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv cov chaw soj nstuam thiab hauv-kab rau kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem. Cov ntsuas ceev inline uas Lonnmeter tsim tawm yog tsim rau cov ntawv thov propylene hauv kev lag luam, muab kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj.
Cov Yam Uas Hloov Cov Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev ntawm Cov Kua
Muaj ntau yam uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene:
- Kev Hloov Pauv Kub:Thaum kub nce siab, qhov kev nthuav dav thermal ua rau qhov ceev ntawm propylene txo qis. Qhov kev hloov pauv me me tuaj yeem muaj cov teebmeem loj vim yog propylene qhov kev nthuav dav siab; yog li, kev tswj kub thiab kev them nyiaj tsis tuaj yeem sib tham tau.
- Kev Hloov Pauv Siab:Tsis zoo li cov pa roj, cov kua, suav nrog propylene, qhia qhov me me tab sis qhov ceev tseem ceeb nce nrog rau qhov siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem lossis cov siab cia khoom uas ib txwm muaj rau cov pa roj ua kua. Cov txheej txheem ntsuas yuav tsum tau ntsuas rau cov xwm txheej no thiab siv cov kev kho kom raug.
- Cov Khoom Tsis Huv thiab Cov Khoom Uas Ua Rau Muaj Kab Mob:Qhov muaj lwm cov hydrocarbons lossis cov pa roj uas yaj hauv dej hloov pauv qhov ceev ncaj qha, cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv pov thawj kev huv rau cov kwj deg muaj nqis xws li polymer qib propylene. Cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas zoo yuav tsum tsis suav nrog lossis suav nrog cov teebmeem no.
Daim Ntawv Thov rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Propylene
Cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw khaws khoom thiab tuav propylene. Hauv kev tswj hwm kev khaws cia, nws tsis yog txiav txim siab tias lub tank puv npaum li cas xwb, tab sis nws tuav tau ntau npaum li cas tiag tiag - qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb thaum cov ntsuas qib tank qhia txog qhov ntim, tab sis cov khoom muag los ntawm qhov hnyav. Rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv, nws ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem ntws tau raug suav ua qhov tseeb, tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm tas mus li thiab ua haujlwm ua pawg.
Hauv kev npaj cov khoom noj rau cov chaw ua tshuaj, xws li cov chaw ua propylene purification lossis polymerization plants, kev paub qhov ceev tseeb ua kom muaj cov khoom noj kom raug thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo ntawm cov zis. Kev ua yuam kev hauv kev ntsuas qhov ceev tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsis raws li qhov tau teev tseg, kev siv catalyst tsis zoo, lossis txawm tias muaj xwm txheej txaus ntshai vim muaj cov hlab dej puv dhau hauv kev pabcuam siab.
Los ntawm kev pom zoo ua raws li txoj cai, cov koom haum tswj hwm yuav tsum tau ntsuas qhov ceev thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv rau cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tsis muaj zog, ob qho tib si kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem thiab los ua kom muaj kev lag luam zoo. Kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam uas tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws vam khom cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog tsuas yog ua raws li cov hauv paus cai xwb, tab sis kuj los ua kom zoo dua kev siv cov khoom siv, nce cov txiaj ntsig, thiab txo qis lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm uas tsis tau npaj tseg - txhua yam uas vam khom rau kev muaj cov nqi ceev ntawm cov kua dej uas ntseeg tau thiab raug muaj nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm hauv cov txheej txheem.
Yog li ntawd, kev ntsuas qhov ceev kom raug rau cov kua xws li propylene tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm niaj hnub, tab sis yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo, zoo, thiab kev nyab xeeb thoob plaws lub neej ntawm kev khaws cia propylene, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev siv.
Cov Ntawv Thov thiab Kev Xav Tau Zoo ntawm Polymer-Qib Propylene
Cov propylene qib polymer, nrog rau qib purity tshaj 99.5%, yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov polypropylene thiab ntau yam polymers siab heev. Nws cov lus qhia txog kev purity nruj tsis yog qhov tsis raug tab sis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ncaj qha los ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm cov catalysts polymerization niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Ziegler-Natta thiab metallocene systems. Txawm tias cov kab mob me me - acetylene, sulfur- lossis nitrogen-muaj cov tshuaj, oxygenates, thiab cov hydrocarbons tshwj xeeb - tuaj yeem lom cov catalysts, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tsis rov qab, thiab txo qis cov txiaj ntsig polymer thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
Lub luag haujlwm ua Reaction Feed rau Polypropylene thiab Advanced Polymers
Kev tsim cov polypropylene nyob ntawm kev muab cov propylene polymer-qib tas li, qhov twg cov khoom tsis huv nyob hauv qab qhov feem-ib-lab, thiab rau qee cov tshuaj lom, hauv qab qhov feem-ib-billion. Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems, lub hauv paus rau isotactic polypropylene ntau lawm, muaj kev phom sij heev rau txawm tias qhov me me ntawm cov tshuaj lom xws li dej, oxygen, carbon monoxide, lossis methylacetylene. Cov khoom tsis huv no tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov chaw ua haujlwm catalyst tsis ua haujlwm tab sis cuam tshuam loj heev rau crystallinity, molecular weight distribution, thiab stereospecificity ntawm cov polymer tsim tawm.
Qhov kev sib raug zoo ncaj qha ntawm qhov tsis huv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev siv cov tshuaj catalyst ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tus nqi. Kev hloov cov tshuaj catalyst ntau zaus, kev nres tsis tau npaj tseg, thiab kev tsim cov khoom loj uas tsis raws li qhov tau teev tseg tuaj yeem yog vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, kev ntxuav propylene tas mus li tsis yog qhov khoom kim heev tab sis yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm txhim khu kev qha thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
Kev Siv Ntxiv Hauv Cov Tshuaj Intermediates thiab Cov Tshuaj Syntheses Tshwj Xeeb
Tshaj li polypropylene, polymer-qib propylene yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ntau txoj hauv kev tsim tshuaj muaj nqis siab. Nws txhawb nqa acrylic acid synthesis los ntawm ob-theem catalytic oxidation thiab cumene ntau lawm los ntawm alkylation ntawm benzene. Ob qho txheej txheem kuj vam khom rau cov khoom noj khoom haus huv siab:
- Hauv kev tsim cov kua qaub acrylic, txawm tias cov tshuaj lom neeg me me xws li sulfur lossis oxygenate kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov catalysts oxidation tsis ua haujlwm, txo cov txiaj ntsig lossis txhawb cov khoom tsis xav tau.
- Kev tsim cov cumene zoo sib xws vam khom kev ntshiab propylene kom ntseeg tau tias cov zeolite catalyst kav ntev thiab kev xaiv hloov pauv, nrog rau cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam uas tau sau tseg ua tiav >99.999% kev hloov pauv thiab >99.97% kev ntshiab ntawm cov khoom thaum siv cov khoom noj uas tau ntxuav kom huv.
Cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, xws li polyol, plasticizer, thiab surfactant manufacturing, ua rau muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom huv ntawm propylene, ua rau cov khoom noj tsis raws li qhov xav tau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev lag luam.
Tus Nqi Lag Luam ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Huv Huv Qib Polymer hauv Kev Khaws Cia thiab Kev Faib Khoom
Qhov kev lag luam tseem ceeb no nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv cov saw hlau propylene. Thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab thauj mus los—feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov hlab lossis cov pob zeb uas muaj siab—cov propylene qib polymer tseem muaj kev phom sij rau kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov dej noo ib puag ncig, kev tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlab, hydrocarbons, thiab oxygen. Txawm tias qhov kev ua qias tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov chaw siv los ntawm cov roj chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS lossis GC-ICP-MS), feem ntau ua rau muaj kev tsis lees txais lossis kev ntxuav kho.
Cov qauv kev lag luam (piv txwv li, ASTM D5273) yuam kom muaj kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis huv ntawm txhua qhov chaw hloov chaw loj. Cov tswv yim ua haujlwm siv kev tswj cov qauv zoo, online gas chromatography, thiab cov thev naus laus zis ntsuas qhov ceev tas mus li los saib xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov chaw saib xyuas xwb tab sis kuj yog lub tshuab tswj xyuas qhov zoo tsis ncaj qha: kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov kua uas xav tau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis huv lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab, xws li cov los ntawm Lonnmeter, muab kev txheeb xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene thoob plaws kev hloov chaw thiab kev khaws cia.
Daim ntawv qhia hauv qab no qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm propylene purity, catalyst lifespan, thiab qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev kaw tsis tau teem sijhawm:
Kev nce qib ntawm propylene purity ua rau muaj kev ncua sijhawm ntawm cov catalyst thiab txo qhov zaus ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem (cov ntaub ntawv tau hloov kho los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no).
Kev tuav thiab khaws cia cov kua propylene zoo—ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov kua propylene ceev thiab cov tshuaj dawb huv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam—yog li ntawd txhawb nqa kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov lus qhia ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, thiab tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig lag luam. Kev tswj hwm nruj thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab faib khoom, qhia los ntawm cov txheej txheem tseeb los ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua thiab kev kuaj pom cov khoom tsis huv siab heev, tiv thaiv kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom thoob plaws hauv cov saw hlau muab khoom.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau
Cov txheej txheem rau kev ntxuav propylene kom ua tau raws li cov qauv qib polymer yog dab tsi?
Cov propylene qib polymer yuav tsum tshaj 99.5% kev huv, nrog rau cov propane thiab cov pa phem tsawg heev. Keeb kwm, kev siv zog ntau hauv kev distillation tau yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ntxuav, cais propylene ntawm cov hydrocarbons zoo sib xws xws li propane. Vim yog cov ntsiab lus kub sib xws, cov txheej txheem no ntsib cov teeb meem thermodynamic thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm siab.
Cov kev nce qib tsis ntev los no muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nqus thiab cov thev naus laus zis raws li daim nyias nyias rau kev xaiv ntau dua thiab txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob. Cov khoom nqus xws li Cu-MOF-74 siv cov qhov loj me ntawm cov qhov thiab qhov chaw qhib hlau los xaiv cov khoom tsis huv - feem ntau yog propane thiab cov alkanes - ua rau muaj kev ntxuav ib kauj ruam. Kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov kab ke zoo li no nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov kub, siab, thiab tus nqi ntws. Kev tshawb fawb hauv chaw kuaj mob thiab kev sim ua pov thawj tias cov khoom nqus no tuaj yeem rov ua dua ntau zaus yam tsis muaj kev poob qis ntawm kev ua tau zoo, txhawb nqa kev lag luam scalability. Cov qauv adsorbent zoo tam sim no kuj tshem tawm ntau yam tsis huv xws li cov tshuaj sulfur thiab alkynes, phim cov kev xav tau catalyst polymerization.
Kev sib cais raws li daim nyias nyias muab lwm txoj hauv kev, nrog rau cov qauv organosilica niaj hnub no ua tiav kev xaiv siab thiab ruaj khov. Cov txheej txheem membrane cais propylene los ntawm kev siv qhov sib txawv me me hauv qhov loj me ntawm molecular thiab cov yam ntxwv permeation, ua rau lawv tsim nyog tshwj xeeb thaum xav tau kev ntshiab siab heev.
Vim li cas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tshuaj tiv thaiv thiaj li tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov polypropylene?
Kev ua tiav thiab tswj kom muaj kev ntshiab siab hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov polypropylene. Cov catalysts siv hauv polymerization yog rhiab heev rau cov khoom tsis huv xws li sulfur, hlau, oxygenates, thiab lwm yam hydrocarbons. Txawm tias cov khoom tsis huv me me tuaj yeem lom cov chaw catalyst nquag, ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsawg dua, nce tus nqi ntawm cov khoom seem, thiab luv lub neej catalyst. Cov khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj kev ntshiab siab ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm catalyst, cov khoom polymer ruaj khov, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws. Cov qauv kev cai lij choj kuj tseem yuam kom muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev tsis huv los tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab qhov zoo ntawm polymer, ua rau kev ntxuav thiab kev saib xyuas cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis tseem ceeb.
Yuav tsum tswj thiab tswj cov propylene li cas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb?
Cov propylene khaws cia rau hauv cov thoob dej uas muaj siab lossis lub tub yees uas tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov pa roj uas yooj yim hlawv. Cov thoob dej no yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov qhov cua siab, cov kev tswj kub, thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev ntes thiab tswj cov xau. Cov chaw khaws khoom xav tau qhov cua zoo thiab tsis txhob muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tso rau. Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xau thiab kev ua tsis tiav. Kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm txog kev tuav thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov polymer qib propylene, suav nrog kev siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv hauv Hoobkas. Ib txwm ua raws li cov cai hauv zos rau kev khaws cov khoom phom sij.
Dab tsi txiav txim siab qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj tseem ceeb?
Qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab siab. Ib yam li kev hloov pauv, qhov ceev uas ntsuas tau kuj tseem ceeb heev - ib yam khoom tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov loj ntawm lub tank, kev xam qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom, kev hloov chaw khaws cia, thiab kev ua qauv txheej txheem. Qhov yuam kev me me hauv kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua propylene tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis sib xws hauv cov khoom muag lossis kev tswj hwm kev ntws, qhia txog qhov xav tau kev saib xyuas kom meej, tas mus li thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab khaws cia.
Koj ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua dej zoo li propylene li cas?
Txoj kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua dej, suav nrog propylene, yog lub oscillating U-tube densitometer. Lub cuab yeej no co lub raj uas muaj cov kua dej kuaj thiab ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov zaus oscillation, uas ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog qhov ceev. Yuav tsum tau calibration kom raug thiab kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias thiab siab kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab. Lwm txoj hauv kev suav nrog cov hydrometers thiab pycnometers, tab sis cov no haum rau cov ntawv thov uas qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev xa khoom lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis nruj heev. Inline digital density meters, xws li cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter, tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem. Kev npaj cov qauv - xyuas kom meej tias nws tau degassed thiab ntawm qhov kub sib npaug - txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas.
Cov kev pheej hmoo thiab cov kev ceev faj tsim nyog thaum siv cov polymer-grade propylene yog dab tsi?
Cov propylene polymer-qib yog cov uas yoo kub heev. Kev kub hnyiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm hluav taws xob, nplaim taws qhib, lossis txawm tias cov chaw kub. Kev tuav yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej, kev kaw cov txheej txheem nruj, thiab kev zam cov chaw kub hnyiab. Kev khaws cia thiab kev hloov pauv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cua zoo. Cov txheej txheem nrhiav kev xau thiab cov txheej txheem ceeb toom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov txaus ntshai thaum ntxov. Txhua cov kav dej thiab cov thoob dej yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua rau kev ntxhov siab thiab xeb. Cov txheej txheem thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev rau kev nchuav lossis xau, suav nrog kev tswj hwm thiab kev npaj tshem tawm, yuav tsum tau sau tseg thiab khawb kom meej.
Vim li cas cov polymer-grade propylene thiaj li nyiam siv rau hauv qee cov tshuaj lom neeg tsim khoom?
Qhov kev ntshiab ntawm propylene uas yog polymer-grade muab qhov zoo sib txawv hauv kev tsim khoom tom qab. Kev ntshiab siab ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo dua, txo cov khoom tsis xav tau, thiab txhawb nqa kev tsim cov polymer zoo tas mus li. Vim tias cov catalysts niaj hnub no yooj yim rau kev ua qias tuaj, tsuas yog propylene ntshiab heev thiaj li ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia nruj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb xws li kev ntim khoom noj thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsheb.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-18-2025
