Potash yog ib lo lus siv rau ntau yam ntsev uas muaj potassium nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yaj hauv dej, feem ntau yog potassium chloride (KCl) thiab sulfate ntawm potash (SOP). Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm potassium - ib qho ntawm peb yam khoom noj tseem ceeb uas cov qoob loo xav tau. Potassium yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzyme, txhawb nqa photosynthesis, tswj kev txav mus los ntawm dej hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv kev qhuav thiab kab mob. Nws txoj kev koom tes ua rau cov qoob loo ntau ntxiv, txhim kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo, thiab muaj zog dua los tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm ib puag ncig, txhawb nqa kev ua liaj ua teb ruaj khov thoob ntiaj teb.
Hauv kev lag luam tsuas, cov txheej txheem khawb potash hloov cov zaub mov uas muaj potassium uas muaj nyob hauv ntuj tsim mus ua cov chiv uas muaj cov khoom huv siab uas tseem ceeb rau kev pub rau cov pej xeem uas tab tom loj hlob tuaj. Cov txheej txheem pib nrog kev rho tawm cov potash ore, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev khawb av hauv av, kev khawb cov tshuaj, lossis kev khawb saum npoo av nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm cov khoom tso thiab geology. Cov ntawv qhia txog kev ua kom zoo feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem potash flotation, qhov twg cov ntsev potassium raug sib cais los ntawm cov av nplaum thiab cov ntsev, ua raws li kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus hauv kev ua cov zaub mov thiab cov kauj ruam thermal crystallization kom mus txog qhov huv uas xav tau.
Kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim cov potash yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag tsim tawm, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab cov khoom zoo. Qhov no yog qhov uas kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm potash slurry ua qhov tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov ceev kom raug rau slurry hauv kev khawb av pab cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj cov txheej txheem, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm sib cais ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm slurry zoo tshaj plaws, cov chaw tuaj yeem txhim kho kev rov qab los ntawm kev sib xyaw hauv kev khawb av potash, ua kom zoo tshaj plaws potash crystallization rau kev ntshiab, thiab siv cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus hauv kev khawb av. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov zoo ntawm cov concentrate thiab kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog.
Kev khawb av potash
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Nkag Siab Txog Cov Txheej Txheem Mining Potash
1.1 Hom Kev Tso Potash thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Khawb Av
Cov potash yog los ntawm cov av uas tsim los ntawm kev ua pa ntawm cov dej ntsev thaum ub. Cov hom av tseem ceeb yog sylvinite, carnallite, thiab cov khoom thib ob los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua pa.
- Cov nyiaj tso cia ntawm Sylvinite:Cov no feem ntau muaj cov potassium chloride (KCl, hu ua sylvite) sib xyaw nrog sodium chloride (NaCl, lossis halite). Lawv tswj hwm kev tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb vim lawv cov tuab, qib siab, thiab kev ua tiav yooj yim. Cov piv txwv tseem ceeb suav nrog Saskatchewan Basin hauv Canada thiab Permian Basin hauv Russia.
- Cov nyiaj tso cia ntawm Carnallitite:Cov no muaj cov pob zeb hydrated carnallite (KMgCl₃·6H₂O) nrog rau halite. Kev ua cov txheej txheem nyuaj dua vim muaj magnesium. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb pom muaj nyob rau hauv Zechstein Basin (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees / Poland), Solikamsk (Russia), thiab thaj tsam Dead Sea.
- Cov dej ntws los ntawm cov pas dej ntsev (Salt Lake):Hauv cov pas dej ntsev thiab cov chaw ua si - xws li cov nyob rau ntawm Qinghai-Tibet Plateau - potash tsim los ntawm kev ua pa ntawm cov dej ntsev. Cov chaw ib puag ncig no tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam minerals, suav nrog sylvite, carnallite, polyhalite, thiab langbeinite.
Cov Txheej Txheem Mining Piv Txwv
Kev rho tawm potash feem ntau yog siv ob txoj hauv kev: kev khawb av hauv av thiab kev khawb cov kua.
- Kev Khawb Av Hauv Av:Siv feem ntau rau cov txaj zeb uas tsis tob, tuab, thiab zoo li sylvinite. Cov hlau raug rho tawm los ntawm kev siv chav thiab ncej, ua rau muaj kev rov qab tau cov khoom siv zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb.
- Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Daws Teeb Meem:Siv rau cov pob zeb uas tob dua lossis nyuaj dua, suav nrog ntau cov pob zeb carnallitite. Dej lossis dej ntsev raug txhaj rau kom yaj cov potash, uas tom qab ntawd raug thawb mus rau saum npoo av kom ua rau muaj crystallization.
- Kev rho tawm ntawm Salt Lake:Kev siv lub hnub ci ua kom qhuav yog siv rau hauv thaj chaw qhuav kom rov qab tau cov potash los ntawm cov dej ntsev.
Cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws siv kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm siab heev, kev xaiv cov av, thiab kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw ua ke rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev nyab xeeb. Cov haujlwm niaj hnub feem ntau sib xyaw ua ke cov av hauv av thiab cov kua dej; cov chaw sib xyaw siv ob qho tib si, xaiv txoj kev raws li qhov tob ntawm cov khoom tso thiab cov mineralogy. Kev tsim cov potash siab heev tam sim no suav nrog cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv ntawm kev khawb av thiab kev rho tawm kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo.
1.2 Kev Txheeb Xyuas Txog Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Potash Ore
Thaum rho tawm lawm, potash ore dhau los ntawm ntau theem ua tiav kom ua tiav cov khoom muaj purity siab.
1. Kev rho tawm thiab kev tawg
- Cov hlau yog khawb (yog tshem tawm ntawm hauv av lossis yaj thiab pumped ua cov kua).
- Kev rhuav tshem cov pob loj kom yooj yim dua rau kev tuav.
- Cov hlau tawg raug xa mus los ntawm lub tshuab xa khoom lossis cov kav dej slurry mus rau cov chaw ua khoom.
- Kev tsim cov slurry ua rau muaj kev txav mus los thiab kev tuav cov khoom me me zoo.
- Cov tshuab tsoo thiab cov tshuab zeb txo cov hlau kom me me.
- Qhov loj ntawm lub hom phiaj ua rau kev sib cais cov ntxhia hauv qab av zoo dua thiab cov nqi rov qab tau cov concentrate.
- Kev ntab dej:Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau sylvinite thiab ntau cov carnallitite ores. Cov zaub mov potash raug xaiv cais tawm ntawm halite thiab lwm yam gangue. Desliming txhim kho kev rov qab thiab kev ntshiab, nrog rau cov voj voog flotation ib txwm ua tiav 85-87% tus nqi rov qab thiab 95% desliming efficiency.
- Kev Sib Cais Ntawm Lub Zog:Siv qee zaum; tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov hom ore tshwj xeeb nrog cov qhov sib txawv, txhawb kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev sib cais cov minerals.
- Kev Rho Kub thiab Crystallization:Siv rau cov pob zeb uas muaj carnallite ntau thiab kev ntxuav zaum kawg. Cov potash uas yaj lawm raug rov ua dua kom cov khoom huv si, feem ntau ncav cuag 95–99% KCl cov ntsiab lus.
- Kev Koom Tes Ua Haujlwm:Yuav luag 70% ntawm cov nroj tsuag potash thoob ntiaj teb vam khom rau kev ua npuas dej ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev yaj thermal - thiab - crystallization rau qib purity siab tshaj plaws.
2. Kev Thauj Mus Los
3. Kev Sib Tsoo thiab Kev Sib Tsoo
4. Cov Txheej Txheem Sib Cais Cov Khoom Siv
5. Kev Tswj Xyuas Slurry thiab Kev Tswj Qhov Ceev
Thoob plaws hauv kev ua cov txheej txheem, lub tswv yim ntawm slurry - ib qho sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom khov uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov kua - yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm potash slurry ua rau muaj kev sib cais zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov ceev kom raug rau slurry hauv kev khawb av yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho cov nqi ntws, ua kom zoo dua qhov rov qab los ntawm kev ntab, thiab txhim kho cov nqi rov qab los ntawm kev sib xyaw. Cov sensors thiab cov tshuab tsis siv neeg saib xyuas thiab tswj qhov ceev kom ntseeg tau tias kev rho tawm thiab ua cov potash zoo.
Lub Luag Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev ntawm Slurry
2.1 Txhais Slurry hauv Potash Mining Context
Hauv kev khawb potash, cov slurry yog cov sib xyaw ntawm cov potash ore uas raug zom zoo thiab dej lossis brine. Cov tshuaj no kuj tseem yuav muaj cov ntsev yaj thiab cov tshuaj ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm potash flotation, crystallization, lossis cov kauj ruam sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom khov kho sib txawv ntau nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, los ntawm cov slurries dilute hauv cov voj voog sib cais mus rau cov slurries tuab hauv kev tuav pov tseg. Cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm cov slurries no hloov pauv ntau zaus, cuam tshuam los ntawm ore geology thiab cov txheej txheem kev hloov kho.
Slurry density—qhov hnyav ib chav ntawm cov khoom sib tov no—feem ntau ntsuas ntawm ntau theem tseem ceeb:
- Tom qab tsoo thiab sib tsoo, los tswj kev pub rau cov voj voog flotation
- Tom qab flotation, los ua kom zoo dua cov thickener thiab clarifier ua haujlwm
- Thaum lub sijhawm crystallization, qhov twg qhov ceev meej qhia txog cov khoom purity thiab rov qab los
- Hauv kev thauj mus los ntawm cov kav dej, kom txo cov kav dej hnav thiab cov nqi twj tso kua mis
Kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntawm cov slurry kom raug yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tswj hwm cov kauj ruam ua potash thiab xyuas kom meej tias txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm tau txais cov khoom noj uas muaj qhov sib xws zoo tshaj plaws.
2.2 Cov Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev ntawm Slurry
Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev kom raug ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov nroj tsuag hauv cov txheej txheem khawb potash. Cov twj tso kua mis thiab cov kav dej raug ntsuas raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov ceev. Cov slurries uas tuab dhau tuaj yeem ua rau hnav ntau dhau, txhaws, lossis ua tsis tiav ntawm lub twj tso kua mis, thaum cov slurries uas yaj ua rau lub zog pov tseg thiab txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib cais cov zaub mov.
Tus Nqi Rov Qab Los Ntawm Cov Tshuaj Concentrate thiab Qhov Zoo ntawm Cov Khoom
Kev tswj qhov ceev hauv cov voj voog flotation yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev rov qab flotation hauv kev khawb potash. Qhov ceev slurry siab lossis qis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ruaj khov ntawm cov npuas, txo qhov kev xaiv, thiab txo cov nqi rov qab KCl. Piv txwv li, kev tswj hwm qhov ceev pub rau flotation ua rau 85-87% rov qab thiab cov khoom qib siab dua 95% KCl. Ib yam li ntawd, hauv cov txheej txheem crystallization potash, qhov ceev tsis raug ua rau cov siv lead ua tsis huv thiab txo cov khoom tsim tawm, ua rau kev lag luam ntawm cov nroj tsuag puas tsuaj.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntab thiab kev ua kom muaj crystallization
Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cais xws li potash flotation thiab crystallization xav tau qhov rais ceev nruj. Qhov ceev qis dhau ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom me me thiab cov npuas thaum lub sijhawm flotation, thaum qhov ceev ntau dhau ua rau gangue entrainment thiab cov txheej txheem tsis ruaj khov. Hauv crystallization, qhov ceev raug yog synonymous nrog kev tswj supersaturation, crystal loj hlob, thiab thaum kawg purity ntawm cov khoom kawg.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Teeb Meem Kev Ua Haujlwm
Qhov ceev sib xws kuj tiv thaiv cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm xws li cov yeeb nkab txhaws, cov twj tso kua mis hnav ntau dhau, thiab cov qib tsis sib xws hauv cov khoom potash kawg. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev uas lub hom phiaj tuaj yeem ua rau cov kav dej poob lossis faib ua pawg, ua rau cov thoob dej ua qias tuaj, thiab tsim cov qib sib txawv - ua rau rov ua dua, lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm, lossis cov khoom tsis raws li qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb.
2.3 Cov Qauv Kev Lag Luam thiab Cov Txuj Ci Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Niaj Hnub
Kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntawm cov potash slurry kom raug yog nyob ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ib txwm muaj thiab cov thev naus laus zis siab heev uas tsim los rau cov txheej txheem:
1Cov Ntsuas Coriolis Mass Flow
Cov ntsuas Coriolis ntsuas qhov hnyav thiab qhov ceev los ntawm kev ntes cov kev hloov pauv oscillation hauv cov raj sensor. Lawv ua tau zoo hauv qhov tseeb thiab tuaj yeem tswj cov slurry sib txawv, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem precision. Txawm hais tias tus nqi peev siab thiab kev cuam tshuam rau hnav hauv cov slurries abrasive, lawv nyiam rau cov ntawv thov uas muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua qhov rov qab tau zoo thiab kev koom ua ke digital. Lawv cov zis digital ncaj qha tso cai rau kev sib txuas seamless rau cov nroj tsuag automation thiab analytics systems.
2Cov Ntsuas Ceev Ultrasonic
Siv lub suab nrov hauv cov slurry, cov ultrasonic meters muab kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab yam tsis muaj qhov txav mus los. Txawm hais tias zoo nkauj los ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev saib xyuas, lawv qhov tseeb tuaj yeem raug sib tw los ntawm qhov loj me lossis qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom me me uas hloov pauv - feem ntau hauv cov kwj deg potash.
3Kev Kuaj Xyuas Phau Ntawv Qhia thiab Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Hauv Chaw Kuaj Mob
Kev ntsuas hauv chav kuaj—txawm tias yog gravimetric lossis via pycnometry—teeb tsa tus qauv rau kev ntsuas thiab kev lees paub zoo. Lawv muab qhov tseeb siab tab sis tsis haum rau kev tswj hwm lub sijhawm tiag tiag vim yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm thiab kev ncua sijhawm kuaj.
Cov Qauv Xaiv
Kev xaiv cov thev naus laus zis ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kev ua cov pob zeb potash yuav tsum sib npaug:
- Kev tseeb (kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem, qhov zoo)
- Cov kev xav tau txij nkawm
- Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov chaw ntsuas hluav taws xob)
- Kev sib koom ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem tiag tiag
Ntau yam kev ua haujlwm txuas cov ntsuas online tas mus li nrog kev kuaj xyuas hauv chaw kuaj mob tsis tu ncua rau kev tswj hwm ruaj khov thiab taug qab tau.
Cov Qauv Kev Siv Digital
Cov nroj tsuag niaj hnub no tab tom txav mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg, txuas cov ntsuas qhov ceev ncaj qha nrog cov kab ke tswj hwm faib tawm (DCS) rau kev hloov kho sai. Qhov no txhawb nqa kev siv hluav taws xob zoo dua, cov khoom zoo sib xws, thiab txo qhov yuam kev ntawm tib neeg.
Cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov ceev niaj hnub no thiab kev tswj hwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tsim cov potash zoo, ua kom zoo dua qhov sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus hauv kev ua cov khoom siv minerals, thiab ua tau raws li cov khoom lag luam thiab cov kev cai ib puag ncig.
Cov Txheej Txheem Potash Flotation: Kev Ua Kom Zoo Dua Nrog Kev Tswj Qhov Ceev
3.1 Cov Txheej Txheem Potash Flotation: Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb
Kev siv cov potash flotation feem ntau yog siv los cais cov sylvite (KCl) ntawm cov halite (NaCl) thiab cov insolubles. Cov txheej txheem no nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov zaub mov. Sylvite yog hydrophobic siv cov khoom xaiv, uas tso cai rau kev sib cais ua npuas, thaum halite thiab av nplaum raug tswj nrog cov tshuaj depressants.
Kev tshem tawm cov roj avyog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej kev sib xyaw ua ke. Nws tshem tawm cov av nplaum zoo thiab cov silicates, uas yog tias tsis yog li ntawd, txheej cov pob zeb hauv av, cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj reagent, thiab txo qis kev xaiv. Kev tshem tawm cov roj av zoo tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo txog li 95%, txhawb nqa kev rov qab zoo hauv lub voj voog sib xyaw. Kev ua haujlwm tas li ua tiav 61–62% K₂O qib sib xyaw nrog txoj hauv kev no, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm cov roj av hauv kev sib cais ntsev potash.
Cov voj voog flotation yog tsim los ntawm kev faib cov khoom noj ua cov feem loj thiab cov feem me me tom qab desliming. Txhua feem yuav dhau los ntawm kev siv tshuaj reagent thiab kev kho mob tshwj xeeb kom ua kom sylvite rov qab tau zoo tshaj plaws. Cov tshuaj reagents tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- Cov khoom siv los sau ntsev(rau sylvite),
- Cov tshuaj ua kom cov polymer depressants(xws li KS-MF) los tswj cov halite thiab cov insolubles uas tsis xav tau,
- Cov tshuaj surfactants thiab cov tshuaj dispersantslos txhawb kev xaiv thiab txo cov teebmeem slime.
Cov kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm xws li cov nqi ntws, qhov ceev ntawm cov cell agitation, thiab cov tshuaj reagent raug kho kom zoo tshaj plaws. Thoob ntiaj teb, kwv yees li 70% ntawm cov potash tsim tawm vam khom kev ua npuas dej, nrog rau cov khoom purity siab tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem thermal dissolution-crystallization.
3.2 Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Hauv Lub Voj Voog Flotation
Qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry hauv lub voj voog flotation yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tswj tau. Nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov npuas thiab cov khoom me me, cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm sylvite, kev siv cov reagent, thiab kev sib cais thaum kawg.
Cov teebmeem ntawm Slurry Ceev:
- Qhov Ceev Tsawg:Kev sib cuag ntawm cov npuas thiab cov khoom me me zoo dua, tab sis kev rov zoo tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem vim yog qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov npuas thiab kev nqa dej ntau ntxiv.
- Kev Ceev Siab:Muaj ntau qhov kev sib tsoo tshwm sim, tab sis cov khoom khov ntau dhau ua rau cuam tshuam kev xaiv, xav tau cov tshuaj reagent ntau dua, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau qhov zoo ntawm cov concentrate tsis zoo.
Yuav tsum tau kho qhov ceev kom zoo tshaj plaws rau ob qho tib si cov feem loj thiab cov feem me me kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib cais cov ntxhia thiab txo qhov poob. Cov neeg ua haujlwm siv cov ntsuas ceev, cov ntsuas nuclear, thiab cov sensors hauv kab los muab cov lus teb tam sim ntawd, uas tso cai rau kev hloov kho tas mus li uas txhim kho qib concentration thiab rov qab tau.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Desliming:
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev tshem cov roj av tawm kom huv si—uas tau saib xyuas los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ceev—ua rau muaj kev rov qab los ntawm 85–87% rau sylvite thiab tswj tau qhov kev xaiv flotation siab. Kev tshem tawm cov insolubles ua ntej kauj ruam flotation txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov reagent thiab ua kom cov khoom zoo dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog kev tswj qhov ceev.
Piv txwv li, ntawm cov chaw siv cov tshuaj ua kom lub zog poob qis, kev ua kom qhov ceev zoo dua tom qab kev tshem cov roj av tau pom tias ua rau cov nqi rov qab los ntau dua 2% - qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ua cov pob zeb potash loj.
Cov Txheej Txheem Crystallization Potash: Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Qhov Ceev ntawm Pub Noj
4.1 Kev Txheeb Xyuas Txog Cov Kauj Ruam Crystallization Potash
Kev siv lead ua los ntawm potash yog ib qho txheej txheem thermal tom qab kev sib xyaw thiab kev tshem cov roj hauv cov txheej txheem khawb potash. Tom qab kev sib xyaw - qhov twg sylvite (KCl) sib cais ntawm halite (NaCl) thiab lwm yam gangue - cov concentrate raug kub leaching. Qhov no suav nrog kev sib xyaw cov sylvinite ore uas tau sib tsoo nrog cov brine kub, feem ntau ntawm 85–100 ° C, yaj ntau KCl dua NaCl vim lawv cov solubilities sib txawv ntawm qhov kub siab.
Cov dej ntws uas muaj KCl ntau ntxiv, raug cais tawm ntawm cov khoom khov uas tsis tau yaj. Tom qab ntawd nws raug txias, ua rau KCl crystallize tawm vim nws cov solubility poob qis nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Cov KCl crystals no tau rov qab los ntawm kev lim lossis centrifugation, ntxuav, thiab ziab. Cov txheej txheem no - flotation, hot leaching, thiab crystallization - ua rau ob qho tib si potash rov qab los thiab cov khoom purity siab tshaj plaws, tsim cov khoom kawg nrog 85-99% rov qab los thiab 95-99% KCl cov ntsiab lus.
4.2 Yuav ua li cas Slurry Density cuam tshuam rau Crystallization Efficiency
Qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem crystallization ntawm potash. Nws hais txog qhov loj ntawm cov khoom khov uas raug dai rau hauv cov kua thiab cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov nrawm ntawm nucleation, kev loj hlob ntawm crystal, thiab kev huv.
- Cov Nqi ntawm NucleationCov slurry density ntau dua ua rau muaj crystal nucleation, ua rau muaj ntau dua tab sis me dua crystals. Cov density ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau lub kaw lus nyiam nucleation dua li kev loj hlob, ua rau muaj cov khoom me me es tsis yog cov crystals loj dua, uas rov qab tau.
- Kev Faib Tawm Qhov Loj ntawm CrystalFeem ntau, cov khoom siv KCl uas muaj cov kua qaub ntau dua yuav ua rau cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub tsis zoo, uas yuav ua rau cov dej lim thiab ntxuav nyuaj dua. Cov kua qaub tsawg dua yuav ua rau cov kua qaub tsawg dua thiab ua rau cov kua qaub loj dua loj hlob, ua rau kev rov qab zoo dua.
- Kev dawb huvYog tias cov slurry ntom dhau, cov khoom tsis huv xws li NaCl thiab cov khoom me me uas tsis yaj tau tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke, ua rau cov khoom zoo tsis zoo. Kev tswj qhov ceev kom zoo yuav txo cov khoom no, ua rau qhov huv huv zoo dua.
- Kev Ua Haujlwm DewateringCov siv lead ua zoo dua los ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj cov khoom noj ntau yuav ntim nruj nreem, ua rau cov dej ntws tsis zoo thaum lub sijhawm lim lossis centrifugation. Qhov no ua rau cov dej noo ntau ntxiv hauv cov khoom kawg thiab ua rau cov kev xav tau zog ziab ntau dua.
Qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry sib tshuam nrog cov nqi rov qab tau cov concentrate, qib khoom, thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev sib cais cov minerals. Kev tswj tsis txaus tuaj yeem txo qis KCl cov qoob loo thiab kev huv, ua rau puas tsuaj rau kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem crystallization potash.
4.3 Kev Saib Xyuas thiab Cov Ntsiab Lus Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ceev Thaum Lub Sijhawm Crystallization
Kev ntsuas thiab tswj qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev rho tawm potash zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm crystallization. Kev kuaj qhov ceev hauv kab yog kev coj ua tus qauv, siv cov vibrating tube densitometers, Coriolis meters, lossis nuclear density gauges. Cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas tas mus li thiab kho sai sai thaum muaj kev hloov pauv.
Cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog:
- Kev Tso Chaw Zoo ntawm Cov SensorsNrhiav cov cuab yeej kuaj hauv cov kab pub nkag mus rau hauv lub tshuab crystallizer thiab hauv cov voj voog rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntawv nyeem raws sijhawm thiab raug uas cuam tshuam rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem.
- Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Lus Teb Tsis Siv Neeg: Sib txuas cov teeb liab ceev nrog cov programmable logic controllers (PLCs) lossis distributed control systems (DCS). Cov systems no kho cov slurry flow, recycle rates, lossis brine addition kom tswj tau qhov ceev ntawm cov dej.
- Kev Sib Koom Tes Cov Ntaub Ntawv nrog Cov Txheej Txheem FlotationVim tias qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry tawm ntawm lub voj voog flotation teeb tsa qhov xwm txheej pib rau crystallization, kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ua rau kev ua haujlwm crystallizer ruaj khov. Kev nyeem cov ntom ntom los ntawm ob qho tib si flotation thiab crystallization units yuav tsum txuas nrog hauv lub voj voog rov qab, tso cai rau kev hloov kho sib koom ua ke uas txhim kho qhov nrawm rov qab concentrate thiab kev sib cais minerals.
Piv txwv li suav nrog cov voj voog tawm tsam, qhov twg kev tswj qhov ceev hauv txhua theem txhawb nqa kev loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov siv lead ua thiab kev tshem dej tawm hauv qab. Cov nroj tsuag feem ntau siv cov tswb ceeb toom qhov ceev thiab cov txheej txheem sib txuas kom tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej ntau dhau lossis tsawg dhau, tiv thaiv ob qho tib si khoom zoo thiab cov khoom siv.
Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim cov potash niaj hnub no, muab cov hau kev los ua kom zoo dua crystallization rau kev huv, nce kev rov qab, thiab txo cov zog thiab dej siv los ntawm kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem ua cov pob zeb potash.
Kev Sib Cais Ntawm Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus hauv Kev Ua Cov Khoom Siv Mineral: Kev Ntxiv Potash Rov Qab Los
5.1 Kev Taw Qhia Txog Cov Txheej Txheem Sib Cais Ntawm Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus uas cuam tshuam nrog Potash
Kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog ib txoj kev ua cov khoom siv uas siv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom me me thiab qhov ceev ntawm kev sib cais kom ua tiav kev sib cais. Hauv cov txheej txheem khawb potash, kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus muaj cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, ntxiv rau lwm cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb xws li kev ntab, kev tshem cov roj av, thiab kev siv lead ua. Cov txheej txheem sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus uas cuam tshuam rau potash suav nrog kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom siv hnyav (HMS), kev sib txuas, thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, txawm hais tias kev ntab tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv ntws potash.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog nyob ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv thiab qhov loj me sib txawv thaum dai rau hauv cov kua dej. Hauv cov nroj tsuag potash, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no yog siv los cais cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke xws li av nplaum, cov zaub mov tsis yaj, lossis sodium chloride (halite) los ntawm cov feem ntawm sylvite (potash ore). Cov txheej txheem no zoo tshaj plaws thaum muaj qhov sib txawv txaus ntawm cov zaub mov ntom ntom - sylvite (KCl) muaj qhov ntom ntom ntawm kwv yees li 1.99 g / cm³, thaum halite (NaCl) yog 2.17 g / cm³. Txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntom ntom yog me me, hauv qee theem ntawm cov dej ntws, nws yog siv los ua kom potash sib xyaw thiab tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv nrog rau cov kauj ruam flotation thiab crystallization.
Feem ntau kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog siv tom qab thawj zaug tshuaj ntsuam thiab tshem cov roj av, feem ntau ua ke nrog lwm cov txheej txheem ua cov pob zeb potash. Nws ua haujlwm ua ib kauj ruam ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev huv si lossis kev rov qab los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab muab txoj hauv kev pheej yig rau kev sib cais loj / me thaum kev xaiv flotation tsis txaus. Piv txwv li, kev tshem tawm cov av nplaum tsis yaj hauv cov khoom noj rau flotation, lossis kev txhim kho cov feem me me los ntawm kev ntxuav screen, ob qho tib si tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Hauv qee cov nroj tsuag, cov voj voog hnyav qub tseem nyob rau kev tswj cov khib nyiab tshwj xeeb lossis cov feem ntsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov twg kev ua haujlwm flotation tsis zoo rau cov khoom loj lossis hauv cov dej ntsev uas cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj reagent.
Kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tsis yog ib qho kev hloov rau cov txheej txheem flotation potash, tab sis nws ua kom tiav nws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas kev txhim kho kev rov qab los ntawm kev flotation hauv kev khawb potash lossis kev nce tus nqi rov qab los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum xav tau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev sib cais cov zaub mov tshwj xeeb - xws li kev ua tiav cov khoom huv si heev lossis tshem tawm cov kab mob uas nyob ntev - kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li txoj hauv kev thib ob.
5.2 Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Slurry Density thiab Gravity Separation
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus hauv cov txheej txheem crystallization potash thiab lwm txoj hauv kev tsim potash yog khi ncaj qha rau qhov ceev ntawm slurry. Qhov kev sib raug zoo tseem ceeb ntawm no yog ntawm qhov ceev ntawm slurry, qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom me me, thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib cais.
Raws li Stokes Txoj Cai tau txhais, hauv kev ntws laminar, qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom me me nce nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom me me thiab cov kua dej thiab thaum qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me nce. Hauv cov txheej txheem khawb potash, kev tswj cov slurry density tso cai rau cov neeg teb xov tooj los kho cov khoom nruab nrab kom sylvite lossis cov zaub mov cuam tshuam tau nqis lossis ntab ntawm qhov nrawm zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov ceev ntawm slurry siab dhau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam - cov khoom me me cuam tshuam kev txav mus los ntawm ib leeg - txo qis kev ua haujlwm sib cais cov zaub mov thiab ua rau cov qib tsis zoo. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov ceev qis heev tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib cais thiab ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw zoo, txo qis kev rov qab.
Kev ua kom qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws, ntsuas los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov potash slurry, yog lees paub tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus hauv kev khawb av:
- Cov Slurries Ceev:
- Ua rau muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom me me (kev cuam tshuam kev sib xyaw)
- Qhov sib cais qis dua
- Kev nplua nyiaj ntau ntxiv
- Cov Slurries Uas Tsis Muaj Qhov Ceev:
- Kev siv dej ntau ntxiv thiab lub zog rau kev tswj cov slurry
- Txo cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm
- Muaj peev xwm poob cov zaub mov zoo muaj nqis
Feem ntau cov khoom siv ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj li ntawm 25% txog 40% ntawm cov khoom khov raws li qhov hnyav, nyob ntawm seb lub tshuab sib cais thiab cov mineralogy siv li cas. Cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau kho cov theem no thaum lub sijhawm pib thiab ntxuav, sib npaug cov kev xav tau sib tw rau qhov nrawm rov qab tau cov concentrate thiab cov khoom huv.
Piv txwv li, hauv lub voj voog potash, kev kho qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom noj hauv qhov ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws no cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais ntawm KCl hauv cov khoom siv huv piv rau cov nruab nrab thiab cov tw. Kev tshem tawm cov av nplaum thiab cov xuab zeb zoo heev, yog ib kauj ruam tswj hwm tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom noj mus rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tseem nyob hauv qhov rais ceev. Cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov ceev zoo rau cov slurry hauv kev khawb av, xws li cov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm nuclear lossis Coriolis meters, ua rau cov tshuab tswj hwm tsis siv neeg tswj hwm cov hom phiaj no, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev rho tawm potash zoo.
Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry ntawm theem no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntab lossis crystallization xwb tab sis kuj hais txog cov hau kev los ua kom cov concentrate rov qab los ntawm kev ua cov minerals los ntawm kev txo qis kev poob thaum lub sijhawm sib cais nruab nrab. Qhov kev saib xyuas kom meej txog qhov ceev ntawm slurry hauv cov voj voog gravity yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem ua cov minerals potash niaj hnub no thiab txhawb nqa cov tswv yim dav dua rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm potash crystallization rau kev ntshiab thiab cov txiaj ntsig.
Kev Rov Qab Los Ntawm Cov Dej Khib Nyhiab Potash
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Los ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv mus rau Kev Txiav Txim Siab: Kev Saib Xyuas Txheej Txheem thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Tsis Siv Neeg
6.1 Kev Sib Koom Tes ntawm Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev rau hauv Kev Tswj Thoob Plaws Cov Nroj Tsuag
Kev siv tshuab thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem khawb potash yog nyob ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntawm cov slurry kom raug thoob plaws SCADA (Kev Tswj Xyuas thiab Kev Txais Cov Ntaub Ntawv), DCS (Cov Tshuab Tswj Kev Faib Tawm), thiab cov tswj hwm uas sawv cev. Cov kab ke no tswj cov txheej txheem tiag tiag, ua rau muaj kev teb rov qab rau cov txheej txheem sib txawv uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab cov nqi rov qab.
Kev Xyuas Kom Cov Ntaub Ntawv Muaj Kev Ntseeg Tau thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Tus Neeg Ua Haujlwm:
- Kev Ntsuas thiab Kev Pom Zoo:Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis tu ncua siv cov qauv paub thiab kev kuaj xyuas niaj hnub daws teeb meem kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cuab yeej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov chaw uas muaj cov khoom siv abrasive lossis cov khoom siv khov kho uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim potash.
- Kev lim teeb liab:Kev lim dej digital siab heev ua rau cov cim qhia ceev ceev du, txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa npuas entrained, sensor fouling, lossis cov txheej txheem luv luv thaum tswj kev teb sai rau cov kev hloov pauv tiag tiag.
- Kev Pom Zoo Txog Cov Ntaub Ntawv:Cov SCADA/DCS interfaces muaj cov cim qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag, cov cim qhia kev ntseeg siab, thiab cov qauv keeb kwm yav dhau los. Qhov no ua kom cov neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov cim qhia ua tau thiab cov teeb meem tsis zoo, ua rau cov lus teb ntawm cov neeg teb xov tooj ntseeg siab dua.
Piv txwv li, thaum lub ntsuas hluav taws xob pom tias muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov slurry hauv lub cell flotation, lub kaw lus tswj hwm tuaj yeem ceeb toom rau tus neeg teb xov tooj, qhib lub tswb ceeb toom, lossis kho qhov kev siv tshuaj reagents kom tswj tau cov ntsiab lus teeb tsa - kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm cov concentrate thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshem dej.
6.2 Kev Txhim Kho Txuas Ntxiv Mus: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Rov Qab Zoo Thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab lub sijhawm tiag tiag los txheeb xyuas cov qauv, kwv yees cov teeb meem, thiab tsav kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev Ua Kom Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Kev Rov Qab Los ntawm Cov Tshuaj Concentrate:
- Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Cov Ntaub Ntawv:Los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem potash flotation yav dhau los thiab tam sim no, cov kws ua haujlwm hauv cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem taw qhia qhov teeb meem lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cwj pwm xav tau - xws li kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov tailings qhia txog cov xwm txheej flotation tsis zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev siab pub rau cov dashboards analytics uas cuam tshuam cov kev hloov kho txheej txheem (xws li qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom sib tsoo, cov nqi reagent, lossis cov cua ntws hauv cov cell) nrog kev txhim kho hauv KCl concentrate yield.
- Kev Txhim Kho Qhov Chaw Teeb tsa:Cov ntaub ntawv tswj kev xav tau tuaj yeem hloov kho cov ntsiab lus rau qhov ceev ntawm ntau theem txheej txheem, kom ntseeg tau tias txhua chav tsev (piv txwv li, cov khoom ua kom tuab, cov hlwb flotation) ua haujlwm ntawm nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, txo qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv crystallization thiab txhim kho kev huv.
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov ntom ntom nrog cov tshuab automation thoob plaws hauv cov nroj tsuag - ua ke nrog kev tshuaj xyuas - tso lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho tas mus li thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem mining potash. Txoj hauv kev no txhawb nqa ob qho tib si txhim kho kev rov qab los ntawm kev sib xyaw hauv kev mining potash thiab ua kom zoo dua potash crystallization rau kev ntshiab thaum tsav tsheb ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev tswj hwm cov cuab tam ua ntej.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ib puag ncig, kev lag luam, thiab kev ua haujlwm
7.1 Cov Txheej Txheem Ncaj Qha thiab Kev Txhim Kho Zoo ntawm Cov Khoom
Kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntawm cov potash slurry kom raug ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem flotation potash. Kev tswj hwm qhov ntom ntawm cov slurry zoo tshaj plaws ua rau muaj kev sib cais zoo dua ntawm sylvite (KCl) thiab cov zaub mov gangue, ua rau muaj cov khoom siv concentrates zoo dua. Piv txwv li, cov voj voog flotation tuav cov slurry density hauv cov qib uas tau teem tseg ib txwm tswj hwm K2O qib ntawm 61-62% nrog rau kev ua haujlwm desliming ze li ntawm 95%. Qhov kev sib xws no txhais tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv tsawg dua, vim tias kev pub slurry sib xws txhawb nqa kev tsim cov npuas ruaj khov thiab kev sib cuam tshuam reagent tswj hwm.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo vim tias kev tswj qhov ceev tau zoo dua txhais tau tias cov potash kawg ua tau raws li cov lus qhia nruj ntawm kev ua lag luam - ob qho tib si rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qib concentrate, cov dej noo, lossis qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me raug txo qis, ua rau cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab thiab ua raws li daim ntawv cog lus. Kev ua tau raws li cov qauv khoom meej yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev ua lag luam xws li kev tsim cov chiv, qhov twg cov neeg yuav khoom xav tau txiav txim siab txog cov khoom me me thiab kev huv.
7.2 Tus Nqi Kev Lag Luam ntawm Kev Ntsuas Slurry Kom Tseeb
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev kom raug muaj cov teeb meem loj rau kev lag luam. Kev tswj qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry kom ruaj khov txhim kho cov nqi rov qab tau - cov voj voog flotation tuaj yeem thawb kom muaj kev sib cais cov ntxhia zoo dua, ua pov thawj los ntawm 85–87% cov nqi rov qab tau qhov twg qhov ceev tau tswj hwm nruj. Qhov kev ua tau zoo no txhais tau tias muaj ntau potash rov qab tau ib tuj ntawm cov hlau uas tau khawb, txo cov khib nyiab thiab txhawb kev ua lag luam.
Kev siv zog kuj poob qis thiab. Qhov ceev kom raug ua rau cov twj tso kua mis thiab cov khoom sib tov nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, thiab tiv thaiv kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau. Kev siv tshuaj reagent poob qis, vim tias qhov ceev kom raug ua kom muaj kev sib cuag zoo ntawm cov tshuaj reagent thiab cov khoom me me, yog li tsawg dua pov tseg rau cov zaub mov tsis yog lub hom phiaj. Cov nqi kho kom tsawg dua vim muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem; qhov ceev sib npaug ntawm cov slurry txo qis kev hnav thiab rhuav tshem ntawm cov twj tso kua mis, cov kav dej, thiab cov hlwb flotation los ntawm kev zam kev thaiv thiab kev sib txhuam.
7.3 Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Txo Cov Khib Nyhiab
Kev ua kom cov slurry ntom zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem khawb potash ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib puag ncig. Yog tias tswj tau qhov ntom, cov hlau, dej, thiab cov peev txheej hluav taws xob raug siv tau zoo - tsuas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sib cais zoo xwb thiaj li siv tau. Qhov no ua rau cov tailings tsawg dua thiab txo qhov xav tau dej tshiab.
Kev tswj cov tailings kuj zoo dua. Kev sib cais cov minerals zoo dua txhais tau tias cov tailings huv dua nrog cov potash seem tsawg dua, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig thiab ua kom yooj yim pov tseg. Qee qhov kev ua haujlwm sib xyaw cov khib nyiab flotation rau hauv cov cemented paste backfill (CPB) systems—siv tailings los sau cov chav mined-out thiab ua kom ruaj khov cov haujlwm hauv av. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias lub zog thiab kev ntws ntawm CPBs tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev tswj cov slurry ntom ntom, sib npaug kev yooj yim tuav nrog kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv thaum zam kev rho tawm ntau dhau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.
Kev siv cov peev txheej raug txo kom tsawg dua los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis backfill raws li cov khib nyiab flotation, ua ke nrog cov koob tshuaj lime kho kom zoo. Kev koom ua ke no tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom cov qauv hauv av muaj zog xwb tab sis kuj txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev khawb av mus sij hawm ntev. Ua ke, cov kev ntsuas no sawv cev rau cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua cov pob zeb potash.
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem khawb potash, uas tswj kev ua tau zoo los ntawm kev rho tawm ore mus rau kev tsim cov concentrate. Kev saib xyuas thiab tswj cov slurry density tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev sib cais thaum lub sijhawm flotation, kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus hauv kev ua cov minerals, thiab cov kauj ruam tom ntej ntawm potash crystallization. Cov kev ntsuas no ncaj qha tswj hwm seb sylvite thiab lwm yam minerals muaj nqis raug cais tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis huv, tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev sib cais minerals xwb tab sis kuj tseem ua rau qhov huv thiab qib ntawm cov concentrate. Qhov ceev tsis raug feem ntau ua rau poob rov qab, nce cov tailings, thiab kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm, qhia txog qhov xav tau kev ntsuas kom raug ntawm txhua kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem ua cov minerals potash.
Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tswj cov slurry ceev thiab kev txhim kho cov concentrate rov qab tau zoo dua yog pov thawj los ntawm ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim teb thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, kev tswj cov ceev zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub voj voog flotation txhim kho kev rov qab flotation hauv kev khawb potash los ntawm kev ua kom cov npuas-particle sib cuag ntau tshaj plaws thiab txo qis kev nkag ntawm cov zaub mov gangue. Qhov no ua rau muaj cov nqi rov qab KCl siab tas li - feem ntau yog 85–99% raws li cov neeg tsim khoom ua ntej tau hais. Hauv kev siv crystallization, kev tswj cov ceev tso cai rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov qib supersaturation, txo kev siv zog, thiab kev ruaj ntseg cov hom phiaj purity ntawm cov khoom, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav lossis kev muag khoom ncaj qha. Txhua theem, los ntawm kev sib tsoo mus rau kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus hauv kev khawb av, tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tswj cov ceev - txo cov khoom siv downtime, txhim kho kev txuag dej, thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov nroj tsuag tsim khoom.
Kev tsim kho tshiab tas mus li hauv cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov ceev rau cov slurry hauv kev khawb av yog ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam. Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev siv tes, kev tshuaj xyuas qeeb hauv chaw kuaj mob thiab cov ntsuas nuclear mus rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ultrasonic thiab Coriolis-based technologies txhais tau tias cov neeg ua haujlwm teb sai dua rau cov txheej txheem hloov pauv, txo ob qho tib si lub cev thiab kev poob nyiaj txiag. Kev koom ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem tswj hwm txheej txheem siab heev ntxiv lav qhov kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg, txo qis kev ua yuam kev ntawm tib neeg thiab txhawb nqa kev nyab xeeb, kev tsim cov potash ruaj khov. Raws li cov cai nruj dua thiab kev lag luam dynamics hloov pauv, cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws tam sim no hais txog kev saib xyuas qhov ceev ntawm sensor, kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm tas mus li, thiab kev hloov kho cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau nce ntxiv thiab cov qib ore txo qis. Kev siv cov ntsiab cai no yuav ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, nce kev rov qab los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem los nce kev rov qab los ntawm kev ua cov ntxhia, thiab xa cov khoom potash qib siab tas li.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-02-2025
