Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj leaching (xws li kua qaub, alkali, lossis ntsev) los ua tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov zaub mov tooj liab hauv cov ore (xws li malachite hauv oxide ores thiab chalcopyrite hauv sulfide ores) los hloov cov tooj liab khov kho mus rau hauv cov dej-soluble tooj liab ions (Cu²⁺), tsim ib qho "leachate" (ib qho kua tooj liab). Tom qab ntawd, tooj liab ntshiab (xws li electrolytic tooj liab) yog rho tawm ntawm leachate los ntawm kev rho tawm, electrodeposition, lossis precipitation.
Kev kho kom zoo dua ntawm cov niaj hnub noCov txheej txheem hydrometallurgy tooj liabvam khom rau qhov kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tam sim no. Ntawm cov no, kev txiav txim siab hauv online ntawm qhov ceev hauv cov leach slurries yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tswj hwm kev siv tshuab, ua qhov txuas ncaj qha ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab kev ua haujlwm tom qab.
Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb ntawmCkua txobHkev kho mob ydrometallurgy
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau hydrometallurgy tooj liab yog tsim los ntawm plaub theem sib txawv, sib txuas lus, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tso tawm thiab rov qab tau cov hlau los ntawm ntau lub cev hlau sib txawv.
Kev kho ua ntej thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm cov khoom siv ore
Cov theem pib tsom mus rau kev ua kom cov zaub mov tooj liab nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv lixiviant tau zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov no feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv tshuab los zom - tsoo thiab sib tsoo - kom ua rau thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau nce ntxiv. Rau cov khoom siv oxide qis lossis cov khoom siv oxide loj uas siv rau cov txheej txheem leaching tooj liab, qhov kev tsoo yuav tsawg heev. Qhov tseem ceeb, yog tias cov khoom noj khoom haus feem ntau yog sulfidic (piv txwv li, chalcopyrite, CuFeS2), yuav tsum tau ua ntej ci lossis oxidative kauj ruam. Qhov "oxidative roasting" no hloov cov tooj liab sulfides uas tsis zoo (xws li CuS) mus rau hauv cov tooj liab oxides uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg (CuO), ua rau cov txheej txheem leaching tooj liab zoo dua.
Theem Leaching (Kev Yaj Cov Minerals)
Lub sijhawm leaching sawv cev rau qhov kev hloov pauv tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb. Cov hlau uas tau kho ua ntej lawm raug coj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg sawv cev leaching (lixiviant), feem ntau yog cov kua qaub, nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov kub thiab pH kom xaiv cov zaub mov tooj liab yaj. Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem nyob ntawm qib hlau thiab mineralogy:
Kev lim dej heap:Feem ntau siv rau cov pob zeb tsis zoo thiab cov pob zeb pov tseg. Cov pob zeb uas raug tsoo raug muab tso rau ntawm cov ntaub uas tsis nkag tau, thiab cov tshuaj lixiviant raug txau rau saum lub pob zeb. Cov tshuaj no ntws mus rau hauv qab, ua rau cov tooj liab yaj, thiab raug sau rau hauv qab.
Kev Tshem Tawm Hauv Lub Tank (Kev Tshem Tawm Uas Muaj Kev Kub Ntxhov):Tseg rau cov khoom siv zoo lossis cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke zoo. Cov hlau uas muab faib ua tej daim me me raug sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj lixiviant hauv cov thawv loj, muab kev hloov pauv loj heev thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem nruj dua.
Kev lim dej hauv qhov chaw:Ib txoj kev uas tsis yog rho tawm uas cov lixiviant raug txhaj ncaj qha rau hauv lub cev pob zeb hauv av. Cov txheej txheem no txo qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw tab sis yuav tsum tau kom lub cev pob zeb muaj qhov nkag tau zoo.
Kev Ntxuav thiab Txhim Kho Cov Tshuaj Leach
Cov kua tshuaj Pregnant Leach Solution (PLS) uas tau los ntawm cov kua no muaj cov ions tooj liab uas yaj nrog rau ntau yam tsis huv uas tsis xav tau, suav nrog hlau, txhuas, thiab calcium. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev ntxuav thiab ua kom cov tooj liab muaj xws li:
Kev Tshem Tawm Qhov Tsis Huv: Feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev kho pH kom xaiv cov khoom ua kom qhuav thiab cais cov khoom tsis zoo.
Kev Rho Tawm Cov kuab tshuaj (SX): Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cais uas siv cov tshuaj organic extractant uas xaiv tau zoo heev los sib xyaw cov ions tooj liab los ntawm cov dej PLS mus rau hauv ib theem organic, ua kom sib cais tooj liab ntawm lwm cov hlau tsis huv. Tom qab ntawd tooj liab raug "stripped" ntawm theem organic siv cov kua qaub concentrated, ua rau muaj cov "Rich Copper Electrolyte" (lossis cov kua strip) uas muaj concentrated thiab ntshiab uas tsim nyog rau kev electrowinning.
Kev Rov Qab Tooj Liab thiab Kev Tsim Khoom Cathode
Cov theem kawg yog kev rov qab los ntawm cov tooj liab ntshiab los ntawm cov electrolyte concentrated:
Electrowinning (EW): Cov electrolyte tooj liab nplua nuj raug muab tso rau hauv lub electrolytic cell. Ib qho hluav taws xob raug xa mus ntawm cov anodes inert (feem ntau yog cov hlau lead) thiab cathodes (feem ntau yog cov ntawv pib stainless hlau). Cov ions tooj liab (Cu2+) raug txo thiab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw cathode, tsim cov khoom siv hydrometallurgy tooj liab uas muaj purity siab, feem ntau tshaj 99.95% purity - hu ua cathode tooj liab.
Lwm Txoj Kev: Tsis tshua muaj rau cov khoom kawg, cov tshuaj lom neeg los nag (piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw ua ke siv cov hlau seem) tuaj yeem siv los rov qab tau cov hmoov tooj liab, txawm hais tias qhov kev ntshiab ntawm cov khoom ntawd qis dua.
Cov HaujlwmKev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Hauv Cov Txheej Txheem Hydrometallurgy Tooj Liab
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau tooj liab xav tau kev hloov kho tas mus li hauv cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob qho tib sicov txheej txheem leaching tooj liabthiab cov theem tom qab ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj (SX). Cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ib txwm muaj, uas vam khom kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob qis zaus, ua rau muaj qib latency tsis zoo, ua rau cov txheej txheem tswj hwm dynamic thiab cov qauv Advanced Process Control (APC) tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Kev hloov mus rau kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv online muab cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv mus, ua rau cov kws ua haujlwm txheej txheem xam cov dej ntws tiag tiag thiab kho cov tshuaj reagent proportional rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom khov.
Txhais Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Hauv Online: Cov Khoom Kho thiab Qhov Ceev Ntawm Cov Nqaij
Cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov ceev (ρ), uas tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv cov chav ua haujlwm engineering xws li feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav (% w) lossis concentration (g / L). Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag no sib piv thiab sib xws thoob plaws ntau yam xwm txheej kub, qhov kev ntsuas feem ntau yuav tsum suav nrog kev kho qhov kub tib lub sijhawm (Temp Comp). Qhov tseem ceeb no kho qhov ntsuas tus nqi mus rau tus qauv siv (piv txwv li, 0.997g / ml rau dej ntshiab ntawm 20∘C), kom ntseeg tau tias kev hloov pauv hauv kev nyeem ntawv qhia txog kev hloov pauv tiag tiag hauv kev concentration lossis cov khoom sib xyaw, es tsis yog tsuas yog thermal nthuav dav.
Cov Teeb Meem Uas Muaj Feem Xyuam Rau Kev Ntsuas Leach Slurry
Ib puag ncig ntawmkev siv hlau tooj liab hydrometallurgymuab cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb rau cov cuab yeej siv vim yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov leach slurry heev.
Kev xeb thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom siv
Cov tshuaj lom neeg siv rau hauvcov txheej txheem leaching tooj liab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kua qaub sulfuric uas muaj concentrated (uas tuaj yeem tshaj 2.5mol/L) ua ke nrog qhov kub thiab txias siab (qee zaum ncav cuag 55∘C), ua rau cov khoom siv sensor raug kev ntxhov siab heev. Kev ua haujlwm zoo yuav tsum tau xaiv cov khoom siv uas tiv taus kev tawm tsam tshuaj lom neeg, xws li 316 stainless hlau (SS) lossis cov hlau zoo dua. Yog tsis qhia meej cov khoom siv tsim nyog yuav ua rau lub sensor puas sai thiab ua tsis tiav ua ntej lub sijhawm.
Kev sib txhuam thiab kev yaig
Cov khoom seem khov kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kwj deg uas tuav cov leach residue lossis thickener underflow, muaj cov khoom seem tawv, angular. Cov khoom seem no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau txhua yam khoom siv sensor uas ntub dej thiab cuam tshuam. Qhov kev puas tsuaj no ua rau kev ntsuas tsis meej, cov cuab yeej ua tsis ua haujlwm, thiab yuav tsum tau kho ntau zaus thiab kim heev.
Rheological Complexity thiab Fouling
Cov txheej txheem leaching ntawm tooj liabCov slurries feem ntau ua rau muaj kev coj cwj pwm rheological nyuaj. Cov slurries uas yog viscous (qee lub vibrating fork sensors yog txwv rau <2000CP) lossis muaj cov av noo lossis cov neeg sawv cev scaling tseem ceeb xav tau kev teeb tsa tshuab tshwj xeeb kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib cuag tas mus li thiab ruaj khov. Cov lus pom zoo feem ntau suav nrog kev teeb tsa flange hauv cov thoob dej cia khoom lossis cov yeeb nkab ntsug kom tiv thaiv cov khoom khov kho lossis txuas ncig lub ntsiab lus sensing.
Kev Tsim Kho ntawm Inline DensityKuvcov neeg
Kev xaiv cov thev naus laus zis ntsuas qhov ntom ntom tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej rau kev ua tiav qhov tseeb thiab kev ntseeg siab mus sij hawm ntev hauv qhov chaw muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev tsis zoo ntawmhydrometallurgy ntawm tooj liab.
Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm rau Kev Ntsuas Slurry
Kev Siv Tshuab Vibrational (Tuning Fork)
Cov ntsuas kev co, xws li Lonnmeter CMLONN600-4, ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tias cov kua dej qhov ceev sib piv nrog lub zog resonance ntuj ntawm lub vibrating element (lub tuning fork) immersed hauv nruab nrab. Cov cuab yeej no muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov tseeb siab, nrog rau cov lus qhia feem ntau teev qhov tseeb nruj li 0.003g / cm3 thiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm 0.001. Qhov kev ua kom raug zoo li no ua rau lawv tsim nyog heev rau kev saib xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov ntawv thov slurry qis-viscosity. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov qauv tsim ua rau lawv yooj yim hnav thiab xav tau kev ua raws li kev teeb tsa nruj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws viscosity txwv (piv txwv li, <2000CP) thaum tuav cov kua viscous lossis settling.
Kev Ntsuas Radiometric
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm radiometric yog ib txoj kev tsis sib cuag siv gamma-ray attenuation. Cov thev naus laus zis no muaj qhov zoo dua hauv kev siv slurry hnyav. Txij li thaum cov khoom sensor raug clamped sab nraud rau ntawm cov kav dej, txoj kev no tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov qhov mob ntawm kev sib txhuam, kev yaig, thiab kev xeb tshuaj. Qhov cwj pwm no ua rau muaj kev daws teeb meem tsis cuam tshuam, tsis tas yuav saib xyuas uas muab kev ntseeg siab zoo heev rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv cov txheej txheem tsis zoo.
Coriolis thiab Ultrasonic Densitometry
Cov ntsuas dej ntws Coriolis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov loj ntawm cov dej ntws, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab qhov ceev tib lub sijhawm nrog qhov tseeb siab. Lawv qhov kev ntsuas qhov tseeb heev, raws li qhov loj feem ntau yog tseg rau cov dej tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj nqi siab, cov khoom tsis muaj zog lossis cov voj voog bypass meej, vim yog tus nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov raj hauv cov dej pub uas muaj zog heev. Xwb,cov ntsuas ntom ntom ultrasonic, uas siv kev ntsuas acoustic impedance, muab kev xaiv ruaj khov, tsis yog nuclear. Tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov slurries minerals, cov cuab yeej no siv cov sensors uas tsis yooj yim puas, muab kev saib xyuas qhov ceev txawm tias nyob hauv cov khoom thauj siab hauv cov kav dej loj. Cov thev naus laus zis no ua tiav txo qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev cai lij choj cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsuas nuclear.
Cov Qauv Xaiv Sensor rau Cov Txheej Txheem Leaching Tooj Liab
Thaum xaiv cov cuab yeej siv rau cov kwj deg uas muaj zog ntawmkev siv hlau tooj liab hydrometallurgy, txoj kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm thiab kev muaj cov nroj tsuag dua li kev txhim kho me ntsis hauv qhov tseeb. Cov cuab yeej cuam tshuam, qhov tseeb siab (Coriolis, Vibrational) yuav tsum raug txwv rau cov kwj dej tsis-abrasive lossis yooj yim cais tawm, xws li cov tshuaj pleev xim reagent lossis kev sib xyaw tshuaj, qhov twg qhov tseeb ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hnav thiab lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm. Ntawm qhov tod tes, rau cov kwj dej muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, kev sib txhuam siab zoo li cov khoom siv thickener underflow, cov thev naus laus zis tsis-intrusive (Radiometric lossis Ultrasonic) yog qhov zoo dua. Txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm muab qhov tseeb qis dua me ntsis, lawv qhov xwm txheej tsis sib cuag ua kom muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab txo qis kev siv nyiaj ua haujlwm (OpEx) ntsig txog kev saib xyuas, ib qho tseem ceeb uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li tus nqi ntawm kev ntsuas tsis meej me ntsis, tab sis ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom siv yog qhov tseem ceeb: cov lus qhia tiv thaiv corrosion pom zoo Nickel Alloys rau kev ua tau zoo dua hauv kev siv erosive hnyav, dhau tus qauv 316 SS feem ntau siv hauv cov chaw tsis abrasive.
Rooj 1: Kev Tshawb Fawb Sib Piv ntawm Cov Tshuab Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Hauv Online rau Cov Kua Tooj Liab Slurry
| Kev Siv Tshuab | Txoj Cai Ntsuas | Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv Abrasive/Khoom Kho | Kev Tsim Nyog Rau Cov Khoom Siv Corrosive | Kev Ntsuas Tseeb (g/cm3) | Cov Chaw Tseem Ceeb rau Daim Ntawv Thov |
| Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob (Gamma Ray) | Kev Txo Qhov Hluav Taws Xob (Tsis cuam tshuam) | Zoo heev (Sab nraud) | Zoo heev (Sensor Sab Nraud) | 0.001−0.005 | Cov Khoom Siv Ua Kom Thickener Underflow, Cov Kav Dej Uas Muaj Kev Sib Txhuam Heev, Cov Slurry Uas Muaj Viscosity Siab |
| Kev co (Tuning Fork) | Zaus Resonance (Wetted Probe) | Ncaj Ncees (Kev soj ntsuam cuam tshuam) | Zoo (nyob ntawm cov khoom siv, piv txwv li, 316 SS) | 0.003 | Kev Siv Tshuaj, Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Uas Tsis Muaj Khoom Noj, Viscosity <2000CP |
| Coriolis | Kev Nqus Loj/Kev Nqus Tsis Tau (Lub Raj Dej Uas Muaj Dej) | Nruab Nrab (Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yaig/kev txhaws) | Zoo heev (nyob ntawm cov khoom siv) | Siab (Raws li pawg neeg coob) | Kev Siv Tshuaj Reagent Uas Muaj Nqis Heev, Kev Hloov Pauv, Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Ntsuas |
| Ultrasonic (Acoustic Impedance) | Kev Xa Xov Tooj Cua (Wetted/Clamp-on) | Zoo heev (Cov sensors uas tiv taus kev sib txhuam) | Zoo (nyob ntawm cov khoom siv) | 0.005−0.010 | Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv Av, Kev Pub Av (Tsis Yog Nuclear)
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Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Kev Sib Cais Khoom Khob thiab Kua (Kev Ua Kom Tuab thiab Kev Lim Dej)
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab rov qab tau dej hauv cov chav sib cais khoom khov-kua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom ua kom tuab thiab cov lim dej.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ceev Hauv Cov Khoom Siv Thickener Underflow: Tiv Thaiv Kev Dhau Torque Thiab Plugging
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom tuab yog kom ua tiav qhov ruaj khov, siab underflow density (UFD), feem ntau tsom mus rau cov khoom khov ntau tshaj 60%. Kev ua tiav qhov kev ruaj khov no tseem ceeb heev tsis yog rau kev ua kom dej rov qab siv dua mus rau hauv.Cov txheej txheem hydrometallurgy tooj liabtab sis kuj rau kev xa cov dej ntws sib xws mus rau cov haujlwm downstream. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo yog rheological: kev nce UFD sai sai ua rau cov slurry nce siab. Yog tsis muaj qhov tseeb, cov lus teb ceev ceev tiag tiag, kev sim mus txog qhov ceev ntawm lub hom phiaj los ntawm kev twj tso kua dej tuaj yeem thawb cov slurry dhau nws cov yas txwv, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntau dhau, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tshuab, thiab kev thaiv cov kav dej tseem ceeb. Kev siv Model Predictive Control (MPC) siv kev ntsuas UFD tiag tiag ua rau muaj kev hloov kho dynamic ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub twj tso kua dej hauv qab, ua rau muaj cov txiaj ntsig sau tseg, suav nrog 65% txo qis qhov xav tau rov ua dua thiab 24% txo qis hauv kev hloov pauv ceev.
Ib qho kev nkag siab tseem ceeb yog qhov kev sib txuas ntawm UFD thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Solvent Extraction (SX). Cov thickener underflow feem ntau sawv cev rau Pregnant Leach Solution (PLS) feed stream, uas tom qab ntawd xa mus rau SX circuit. Kev tsis ruaj khov hauv UFD txhais tau tias kev nkag tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom me me hauv PLS. Cov khoom khov entrainment ncaj qha ua rau cov txheej txheem hloov pauv SX nyuaj tsis ruaj khov, ua rau muaj crud tsim, kev sib cais theem tsis zoo, thiab kev poob nyiaj ntau ntawm cov extractant. Yog li ntawd, kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ceev hauv thickener yog lees paub tias yog ib kauj ruam ua ntej-conditioning rau kev tswj hwm cov khoom noj khoom haus siab-purity uas xav tau los ntawm SX circuit, thaum kawg khaws cia qhov zoo cathode kawg.
Txhim Kho Kev Pom thiab Kev Tshem Tawm Dej Zoo
Cov txheej txheem lim dej, xws li lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis lub lim dej siab, ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws tsuas yog thaum qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom noj sib xws heev. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom khov ua rau cov khoom lim tsis sib xws, cov khoom siv tsis pom kev ua ntej, thiab cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom qab zib sib txawv, xav tau kev ntxuav ntau zaus. Cov kev tshawb fawb lees paub tias kev ua haujlwm lim dej yog qhov rhiab heev rau cov khoom khov. Kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem ua tiav los ntawm kev saib xyuas qhov ceev tas mus li ua rau kev lim dej zoo dua thiab kev ntsuas kev ruaj khov, suav nrog kev txo qis kev siv dej cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxuav lim dej thiab cov nqi tsawg kawg nkaus cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Reagent thiab Kev Txo Nqi hauv Cov Txheej Txheem Leaching Tooj Liab
Kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov tshuaj reagent, uas tau pab txhawb los ntawm kev tswj hwm PD dynamic, muab kev txo qis tam sim ntawd thiab ntsuas tau hauv cov nqi ua haujlwm.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Acid Concentration Hauv Cov Txheej Txheem Leaching Tooj Liab
Hauv ob qho tib si agitated leaching thiabcov txheej txheem leaching tooj liab heap, tswj qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov neeg sawv cev leaching (piv txwv li, sulfuric acid, hlau oxidizing cov neeg sawv cev) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov ntxhia yaj. Rau cov kwj deg reagent uas muaj concentrated, cov ntsuas qhov ceev inline muab qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb heev, ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias. Lub peev xwm no tso cai rau lub kaw lus tswj hwm kom ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj reagent xav tau. Txoj hauv kev siab heev no txav mus dhau qhov ib txwm muaj, kev txuag dej-proportional dosing, uas ua rau muaj kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau thiab nce OpEx. Qhov cuam tshuam nyiaj txiag yog qhov tseeb: qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub Hoobkas hydrometallurgical yog qhov rhiab heev rau kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw, qhia txog qhov tsim nyog ntawm qhov ceev-enabled precision dosing.
Kev Txhim Kho Flocculant Los Ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Concentration Feedback
Kev siv cov tshuaj flocculant yog tus nqi hloov pauv loj heev hauv kev sib cais cov khoom khov thiab kua. Cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj yog nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom khov uas yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke. Los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov dej ntws, lub kaw lus tswj hwm xam cov khoom khov uas ntws tam sim ntawd. Kev txhaj tshuaj flocculant ces raug kho kom sib npaug raws li qhov sib piv rau cov khoom khov, kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws tau ua tiav txawm tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom noj lossis qib ore. Qhov no tiv thaiv ob qho tib si tsis txaus (ua rau kev poob qis) thiab ntau dhau (pov tseg cov tshuaj kim). Kev siv cov kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ruaj khov los ntawm MPC tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig nyiaj txiag ntsuas tau, nrog rau kev txuag nyiaj sau tseg suav nrog a9.32% txo qis hauv kev siv flocculantthiab ib qho sib xwsTxo kev siv txiv qaub ntsuab 6.55%(siv rau kev tswj pH). Muab hais tias kev leaching thiab cov nqi adsorption / elution cuam tshuam tuaj yeem pab txhawb kwv yees li 6% rau tag nrho cov nuj nqis ua haujlwm, cov kev txuag no ncaj qha thiab txhim kho qhov txiaj ntsig.
Rooj 2: Cov Ntsiab Lus Tswj Xyuas Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Ntsuas Kev Txhim Kho Qhov Ceev hauvKev Tshawb Fawb Txog Tooj Liab Hydrometallurgy
| Chav Txheej Txheem | Qhov Ntsuas Qhov Ceev | Kev Hloov Pauv Tswj | Lub Hom Phiaj Txhim Kho | Qhov Ntsuas Kev Ua Tau Zoo (KPI) | Kev Txuag Nyiaj Uas Tau Pom Tseeb |
| Cov Txheej Txheem Leaching Tooj Liab | Cov Tshuaj Reactors Leaching (Pulp Density) | Qhov Sib Piv ntawm Khoom/Kua (PD) | Txhim kho cov kinetics ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv; ua kom qhov kev rho tawm zoo tshaj plaws | Tus nqi rov qab tau tooj liab; Kev siv cov tshuaj reagent tshwj xeeb (kg/t Cu) | Txog li 44% Leaching Rate nce los ntawm kev tswj hwm PD zoo tshaj plaws |
| Kev Sib Cais Khoom Khob-Kua (Cov Khoom Ua Kom Thickeners) | Kev Tawm Dej Tsis Txaus | Qhov Ntswg Ntsws Hauv Qab (UFD) & Qhov Ntswg Loj | Ua kom cov dej rov qab los ntau tshaj plaws; tswj cov khoom noj kom ruaj khov rau SX/EW hauv qab dej | UFD % Cov Khoom Khoob; Tus Nqi Rov Siv Dej; Rake Torque Stability | Kev siv cov tshuaj flocculant txo qis los ntawm 9.32%; kev hloov pauv UFD txo qis los ntawm 24% |
| Kev Npaj Tshuaj Reagent | Kev pleev xim rau kua qaub/cov kuab tshuaj | Kev Ntsuas (% w lossis g / L) | Kev siv tshuaj kom raug; txo kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau | Kev Siv Tshuaj Reagent Ntau Dhau %; Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Cov Tshuaj | Kev txo qis hauv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg OpEx los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov sib piv dynamic |
| Kev Tshem Dej/Kev Lim Dej | Kev Pub Lim Ceev | Khoom khov thauj mus rau lim | Ua kom ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv; txo qis kev txij nkawm | Lub Sijhawm Lim; Cov Dej Nqus ntawm Ncuav Mog Qab Zib; Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Kev Lim | Txo cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxuav lim thiab lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm |
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Soj Ntsuam Qhov Kawg
Kev tawm tswv yim ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb stoichiometric tej yam kev mob uas tsim nyog los tsav cov hlau yaj thiab hloov pauv zoo thoob plawsCov txheej txheem hydrometallurgy tooj liab.
Kev Soj Ntsuam Lub Sijhawm Tiag Tiag ntawm Pulp Density (PD) thiab Leach Kinetics
Qhov piv ntawm cov khoom khov-kua (PD) yog qhov tseem ceeb txuas nrog qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau yaj thiab tus nqi siv ntawm tus neeg sawv cev yaj. Kev tswj hwm qhov sib piv no ua kom muaj kev sib cuag txaus ntawm cov lixiviant thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av. Cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm qhia tau tias PD yog qhov tseem ceeb tswj hwm, tsis yog tsuas yog qhov ntsuas kev saib xyuas xwb. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib piv zoo tshaj plaws muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev rho tawm. Piv txwv li, hauv chaw kuaj mob, ua tsis tau kom muaj qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom khov-kua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 0.05g / mL ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv kev rov qab tooj liab los ntawm 99.47% mus rau 55.30%.
Kev Siv Cov Tswv Yim Tswj Xyuas Siab Tshaj Plaws
Qhov ceev yog siv ua tus thawj coj hloov pauv hauv Model Predictive Control (MPC) ntawm leaching thiab separation circuits. MPC zoo rau cov txheej txheem dynamics ntawmhydrometallurgy ntawm tooj liab, vim nws ua tau zoo tswj kev ncua sijhawm ntev thiab kev sib cuam tshuam tsis yog kab uas muaj nyob hauv lub kaw lus slurry. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov nqi ntws thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv tau raug kho kom zoo tas li raws li cov lus teb PD tiag tiag. Thaum kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv yog qhov tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg dav dav, nws daim ntawv thov txuas mus rau cov kauj ruam hydrometallurgical tshwj xeeb, xws li kev saib xyuas kev npaj cov khoom noj khoom haus kom paub tseeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus txog qhov hloov pauv zoo tshaj plaws, yog li ua kom cov hlau tsim tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev huv si.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Khoom Siv thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Rheological
Cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev hauv online muab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem kev saib xyuas ua ntej, hloov pauv qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom siv mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem hloov pauv uas tswj tau.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Slurry Rheology thiab Viscosity
Qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev uas cuam tshuam rau qhov sib txhuam sab hauv ntawm cov slurry (viscosity) thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev uas tsis tswj tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev nce sai, tuaj yeem hloov cov slurry mus rau hauv qhov dej ntws uas tsis yog Newtonian heev. Los ntawm kev saib xyuas qhov ceev tas li, cov kws ua haujlwm txheej txheem tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm rheological (xws li kev nce mus txog qhov txwv ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub twj tso kua mis) thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov dej dilution lossis hloov qhov ceev ntawm lub twj tso kua mis. Kev tswj hwm ua ntej no tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej kim xws li cov yeeb nkab scaling, cavitation, thiab kev puas tsuaj loj heev ntawm lub twj tso kua mis.
Txo Kev Hnav Uas Ua Rau Muaj Kev Xeb
Qhov txiaj ntsig nyiaj txiag tiag tiag ntawm kev tswj qhov ceev ruaj khov feem ntau tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev txuag nyiaj me me, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev txo qis ntawm lub sijhawm tsis tau teem sijhawm uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom. Kev saib xyuas lub twj tso kua mis Slurry thiab kev hloov pauv cov kav dej, uas tsav los ntawm kev hnav hnyav heev, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm OpEx. Kev yaig yog qhov nrawm heev los ntawm kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov dej ntws, uas feem ntau yog los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev. Los ntawm kev tswj qhov ceev, lub kaw lus tswj hwm tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov dej ntws mus rau qhov ceev tseem ceeb, ua kom zoo txo ob qho tib si kev tso dej thiab kev puas tsuaj ntau dhau. Qhov kev ncua sij hawm ntawm Lub Sijhawm Nruab Nrab Ntawm Kev Ua Tsis Tau Zoo (MTBF) rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab muaj nqis siab, thiab kev zam kev ua tsis tiav ntawm ib qho xwm txheej, ntau dua li kev nqis peev hauv cov ntsuas qhov ceev lawv tus kheej.
Txoj Kev Npaj Siv thiab Cov Kev Xyaum Zoo Tshaj Plaws
Ib txoj kev npaj ua tiav yuav tsum tau xaiv, teeb tsa, thiab kho kom zoo uas daws tau cov teeb meem kev lag luam ntawm kev xeb thiab kev puas tsuaj.
Txoj Kev Xaiv: Sib phim Densitometer Technology rau Slurry Cov Yam Ntxwv
Txoj kev xaiv yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj raws cai los ntawm kev sau tseg qhov hnyav ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov slurry (xeb, qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me, viscosity, kub). Rau cov kwj deg uas muaj cov khoom khov kho, cov kwj deg uas muaj kev sib txhuam ntau, xws li cov kab tailings, qhov kev xaiv yuav tsum muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kev xaiv uas tsis cuam tshuam, cov kev xaiv uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg, xws li cov khoom siv radiometric. Txawm hais tias cov sensors no yuav muaj qhov yuam kev loj dua me ntsis dua li cov khoom siv cuam tshuam siab, lawv qhov kev ntseeg siab mus sij hawm ntev thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau cov seem uas muaj kua qaub ntau, kev teev cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, xws li Nickel Alloys, dhau ntawm tus qauv 316 SS rau cov khoom ntub dej ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam hnyav thiab ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua.
Cov Kev Xyaum Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Kev Teeb Tsa: Kev Xyuas Kom Tseeb thiab Siv Tau Ntev Hauv Cov Chaw Ua Haujlwm Nyuaj Siab
Cov txheej txheem teeb tsa kho tshuab thiab hluav taws xob kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub teeb liab thiab xyuas kom lub cuab yeej siv tau ntev. Cov sensors ntub dej yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau hauv cov kav dej uas lav tag nrho kev nkag mus thiab tshem tawm cov cua nkag. Rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj cov kua nplaum lossis cov av uas yooj yim rau cov av, cov lus qhia teeb tsa pom zoo kom cov flanges tank lossis cov yeeb nkab khiav ntsug kom tiv thaiv kev poob lossis kev tsim cov qauv ntom ntom tsis sib xws nyob ib puag ncig lub sensor. Hluav taws xob, kev rho tawm kom raug yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua: lub plhaub densitometer yuav tsum tau grounded zoo, thiab cov kab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau siv los txo qhov cuam tshuam electromagnetic los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab, xws li cov motors loj lossis cov tsav tsheb hloov pauv zaus. Ntxiv mus, lub foob hluav taws xob (O-ring) yuav tsum tau nruj kom ruaj ntseg tom qab kev saib xyuas kom tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau hauv dej thiab tom qab ntawd tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Tsim Nyog Nyiaj Txiag
Yuav kom tau txais kev pom zoo rau kev siv cov txheej txheem tswj kev ceev ceev, yuav tsum muaj lub moj khaum kev ntsuam xyuas zoo uas txhais cov txiaj ntsig kev siv tshuab mus rau hauv cov ntsuas nyiaj txiag uas ntsuas tau.
Lub moj khaum rau Kev Ntsuas Cov Txiaj Ntsig Kev Lag Luam ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ceev Siab
Ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas kev lag luam dav dav yuav tsum soj ntsuam ob qho tib si kev txuag nyiaj ncaj qha thiab cov tsav tsheb tsis ncaj qha. Kev txo qis OpEx suav nrog kev txuag nyiaj uas tau los ntawm kev tswj hwm reagent dynamic, xws li kev txo qis 9.32% ntawm kev siv flocculant. Kev txuag nyiaj hauv kev siv hluav taws xob yog los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm lub twj tso kua mis thiab txo qis qhov yuav tsum tau rov ua dua. Qhov tseem ceeb, tus nqi kev lag luam ntawm kev ncua Lub Sijhawm Nruab Nrab Ntawm Kev Ua Tsis Tau Zoo (MTBF) ntawm cov khoom siv hnav siab (twj tso kua mis, kav dej) yuav tsum tau suav, muab tus nqi pom tseeb rau kev tswj hwm rheological ruaj khov. Ntawm sab nyiaj tau los, lub moj khaum yuav tsum ntsuas qhov kev rov qab los ntawm tooj liab uas tau ua tiav los ntawm kev tswj hwm PD thiab kev siv reagent zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Kev Txo Qhov Ceev ntawm Kev Hloov Pauv rau Tag Nrho Cov Nyiaj Tau Los ntawm Cov Nroj Tsuag
Cov txheej txheem nyiaj txiag kawg rau kev ntsuam xyuas APC hauvkev siv hlau tooj liab hydrometallurgyyog qhov txo qis ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov pauv (σ) hauv kev ntsuas qhov ceev tseem ceeb. Kev ua lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa ua haujlwm xav tau (variance). Piv txwv li, kev ua tiav 24% txo qis hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev txhais tau ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem nruj dua. Qhov kev ruaj khov no tso cai rau cov nroj tsuag ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau ze rau cov kev txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm yam tsis ua rau muaj kev kaw kev nyab xeeb lossis pib tswj kev tsis ruaj khov. Qhov kev ua haujlwm nce ntxiv no sawv cev rau kev txo qis ncaj qha ntawm kev pheej hmoo nyiaj txiag thiab kev tsis paub tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas yuav tsum tau ntsuas kom meej meej hauv kev suav NPV.
Rooj 3: Lub Rooj Sib Tham Txog Kev Lag Luam rau Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ceev Siab
| Tus Tsav Tsheb Muaj Nqis | Txoj Cai ntawm Kev Pab | Kev Cuam Tshuam rau Kev Lag Luam Cog Qoob Loo (Kev Ntsuas Nyiaj Txiag) | Kev Cai Tswjfwm |
| Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Reagent | Kev ntsuas cov kua qaub/flocculant raws li lub sijhawm tiag tiag. | Txo OpEx (Kev txuag nqi khoom ncaj qha, piv txwv li, txo 9.32% flocculant). | Kev tawm tswv yim ruaj khov rau cov voj voog tswj kev ntws (MPC). |
| Kev Tsim Khoom | Kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa PD zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov reactors. | Cov Nyiaj Tau Los Ntau Ntxiv (Kev rov qab tau Cu ntau dua, kev hloov pauv loj ruaj khov). | Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ceev/kev sib sau ua ke rau kev saib xyuas qhov kawg. |
| Muaj Cov Nroj Tsuag | Kev txo qis ntawm kev pheej hmoo rheological (clogging, siab torque). | Txo OpEx thiab CapEx (Kev txij nkawm tsawg dua, txo lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm uas tsis tau teem tseg). | Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm lub twj tso kua mis raws li cov qauv viscosity UFD. |
| Kev Tswj Xyuas Dej | Kev ua kom siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov thickener underflow density. | Txo OpEx (Kev xav tau dej tshiab tsawg dua, tus nqi rov ua dua dej ntau dua). | Kev xaiv cov thev naus laus zis ntsuas qhov ceev uas ruaj khov thiab tsis cuam tshuam. |
Kev ua lag luam tau zoo thiab lub luag haujlwm ib puag ncig ntawm niaj hnub nokev siv hlau tooj liab hydrometallurgykev ua haujlwm muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv online hauv cov leach slurries.
Cov thev naus laus zis cuam tshuam xws li lub ntsuas Vibrational lossis Coriolis tej zaum yuav raug tseg rau cov kev siv tshwj xeeb, tsis yog abrasive qhov twg qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke (piv txwv li, kev ua kom cov tshuaj reagent) yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tiv tauj Lonnmeter thiab tau txais cov lus qhia tshaj lij txog kev xaiv lub ntsuas qhov ceev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Cuaj hlis-29-2025
