Nkag Siab Txog Cov Txheej Txheem Sib Cais Ntawm Cov Ntiaj Teb Tsis Tshua Muaj
Cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb suav nrog kev rho tawm thiab ntxuav cov khoom tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm cov pob zeb nyuaj. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov txheej txheem zog, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tiv thaiv. Cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj ua ke cov txheej txheem lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, xws li kev sib cais sib nqus, kev sib pauv ion, thiab kev sib cais los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm los cais cov ions tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb raws li qhov sib txawv me me hauv lawv cov cwj pwm tshuaj lom neeg.
Cov txheej txheem sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj neeg pom muaj ntau yam nyuaj. Cov av tsis tshua muaj neeg feem ntau muaj cov ionic radii thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws, ua rau muaj kev cov nyom hauv kev ua tiav qhov huv siab thiab kev xaiv. Cov txheej txheem zoo li kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj - siv dav hauv kev sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj neeg - xav tau cov xwm txheej tswj hwm nruj, suav nrog kev xaiv cov theem organic, kev tswj pH, thiab kev tswj hwm cov piv ntawm theem. Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj av tsis tshua muaj neeg paub tam sim no siv cov resins chelating lossis cov khoom sau zoo rau ib puag ncig uas txhim kho kev xaiv rau cov ions tsom thiab txo cov khoom tsis huv.
Kev kho cov av tsis tshua muaj leachate zoo yog nyob ntawm kev tswj cov tshuaj leaching concentration thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem rho tawm. Kev siv cov tshuaj leaching concentration zoo tshaj plaws rau cov av tsis tshua muaj ua kom cov ions av tsis tshua muaj yaj tas li thiab txo qhov kev leaching ntawm cov khoom tsis xav tau xws li txhuas lossis hlau. Yog tias cov tshuaj leaching dosage tsawg dhau, cov txiaj ntsig rho tawm poob qis, thiab cov av tsis tshua muaj ntau tseem nyob hauv cov seem - qhov no hu ua cov tshuaj leaching tsis txaus hauv kev rho tawm av tsis tshua muaj. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tshuaj leaching ntau dhau hauv kev ua cov av tsis tshua muaj tuaj yeem ua rau kev siv cov tshuaj reagent tsis tsim nyog, kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig, thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom tsis huv.
Kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev rho tawm cov av tsis tshua muaj cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau. Piv txwv li, hauv txoj kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj rau kev sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev rho tawm cuam tshuam rau cov khoom sib xyaw thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj uas pub rau hauv cov theem sib cais. Cov tshuaj leaching ruaj khov thiab zoo tshaj plaws, ua tiav ntawmtas mus licov cuab yeej ntsuas kev ntsuas concentrationlos ntawmLonnmeter, tsis yog tsuas yog txhawb nqa cov nqi rov qab siab xwb tab sis kuj tseem txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tas mus li. Kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj kom raug raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig thiab cov hom phiaj tsim khoom.
Feem ntau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis zoo yog los ntawm kev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev rho tawm thiab kev sib cais. Ib qho teeb meem uas tseem muaj yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm nthuav dav cov txheej txheem rho tawm thiab kev sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj nyob sab nraud thaj chaw uas muaj kev txawj ntse, xws li Tuam Tshoj. Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsim tawm qeeb, txo kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom siv av tsis tshua muaj, thiab ua rau kev vam khom rau cov neeg muab khoom ib leeg. Cov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv no tau ua rau muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev txwv tsis pub ua, ua rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev tswj hwm cov neeg sawv cev leaching tseem ceeb rau kev txaus siab rau cov peev txheej.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev ua tiav kev tswj hwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj leaching concentration thiab cov kev sib cais yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kov yeej cov teeb meem tsim khoom thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov, ruaj ntseg cov khoom siv av tsawg. Kev nce qib hauv kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov tshuaj leaching dosage, kev kho cov av tsawg leachate, thiab cov txheej txheem sib cais meej tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev siv cov peev txheej xwb, tab sis lawv kuj txhawb nqa kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig.
Kev Sib Cais ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Tsis Tshua Muaj
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Kev Sib Sau Ua Ke ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Leaching: Cov Ntsiab Cai Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Teeb Meem
Cov tshuaj leaching yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj. Lawv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev xaiv cov ions tsis tshua muaj los ntawm cov ores thiab cov khib nyiab kev lag luam, ua rau muaj kev sib cais los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj. Cov tshuaj feem ntau suav nrog cov kua qaub hauv av (piv txwv li, nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric acid), cov kua qaub organic (citric acid, methanesulfonic acid), thiab alkaline earth metal carboxylates.
Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Leaching hauv Kev Yaj Cov Ions Ntiaj Teb Tsis Tshua Muaj
Thaum lub sijhawm rho tawm thiab sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj, tus neeg sawv cev leaching cuam tshuam cov lattices minerals lossis ion-adsorbed matrices, txhawb kev tso tawm cov av tsis tshua muaj ion rau hauv leachate. Piv txwv li, nitric acid ntawm ~ 12.5 mol / dm³ ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau lanthanum (85%) thiab cerium (79.1%) los ntawm phosphate ores los ntawm protonation thiab cleavage ntawm phosphate bonds. Citric acid, ob qho tib si solo thiab ua ke nrog sodium citrate, underpins eco-friendly, xaiv rov qab los ntawm cov ores tsis zoo li phosphogypsum lossis lignite, boosting REE yields txog li 31.88% nrog cov kua-khoom sib piv thiab ambient kub. Tus neeg sawv cev leaching's chemistry thiab dosage tswj hwm cov mineral dissolution kinetics, selectivity, thiab impurity tso tawm.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Yaj Kom Ruaj Khov ntawm Cov Ions Ntiaj Teb Tsis Tshua Muaj
Kev yaj ntawm cov ions tsis tshua muaj nyob ruaj khov tsis yog los ntawm kev xaiv tus neeg sawv cev xwb, tab sis, qhov tseem ceeb, los ntawm nws qhov kev sib sau ua ke. Muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev yaj:
- Kev Ntsuas Tus Neeg Sawv Cev:Txheeb xyuas qhov kinetics ntawm kev leaching thiab kev ua tiav. Qis dhau cuam tshuam kev tso tawm ion; siab dhau ua rau cov khoom tsis huv sib koom ua ke.
- Mineralogy ntawm cov pob zeb:Qhia txog kev ua haujlwm - cov tawv nqaij uas tau hloov pauv thiab cov ion-adsorbed ores xav tau cov tshuaj reagents ze-nruab nrab lossis cov tshuaj reagents me me, thaum cov phosphate thiab monazite minerals teb rau cov kua qaub muaj zog.
- pH:Kho cov neeg sawv cev speciation, ion pauv efficiency, thiab selectivity - piv txwv li, qhov zoo tshaj plaws magnesium sulfate leaching tshwm sim ntawm pH 4.
- Kub thiab Sijhawm:Qhov kub siab dua tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov nqi yaj sai dua, zoo li pom hauv kev leaching sulfuric acid ntawm phosphates.
- Qhov sib piv ntawm cov kua thiab cov khoom khov:Yuav tsum tau kho kom haum rau hom peev txheej kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yam tsis muaj kev siv cov neeg sawv cev ntau dhau.
Piv txwv li, kev ua kom zoo dua siv citric acid txheeb xyuas qhov zoo tagnrho ntawm 2 mol / L ntawm 343 K rau 180 feeb, rho tawm 90% ntawm REEs los ntawm phosphogypsum, ua raws li tus qauv kinetic tswj kev sib kis.
Cov Teeb Meem ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Tsis Txaus Hauv Cov Dej Leachate Uas Tsis Tshua Muaj Hauv Ntiaj Teb
Kev siv tshuaj tsawg dhau ua rau cov tshuaj leaching tsis zoo hauv kev rho tawm cov khoom muaj nqis. Kev siv tshuaj tsawg dhau ua rau cov khoom muaj nqis tsis tso tawm tag nrho, ua rau:
- Cov nqi rov qab los qis - cov kua qaub tsis txaus (piv txwv li, HCl qis lossis citric acid) ua rau cov kua qaub tsis yaj, nrog rau REE tseem ceeb khaws cia rau hauv cov seem.
- Kev tso tawm cov ion tsis tiav - cov agglomerates tseem ruaj khov, cuam tshuam txoj kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj rau kev sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj.
- Kev siv cov peev txheej tsis zoo - kev tshawb fawb txog kev rho tawm cov hlau thiab cov hlau txuas nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tsawg rau kev tsim khoom tsis zoo, kev ua haujlwm qeeb qeeb, thiab cov khoom siv tsis tau siv.
Ib qho piv txwv zoo pom muaj nyob rau hauv magnesium sulfate leaching: qis dua qhov tseem ceeb 3.5% concentration thiab pH 4, cov av tsis tshua muaj kev rho tawm poob qis, thaum cov ore agglomerates tseem nyob, txwv tsis pub qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm qhov chaw nqes hav tab sis txo qis cov txiaj ntsig.
Cov teebmeem ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Leaching Ntau Dhau hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm Tsis Tshua Muaj Av
Kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj leachate ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv kev kho cov av tsis tshua muaj:
- Kev Pov Tseg Reagent:Kev siv cov kua qaub ntau dhau xws li nitric lossis ammonium compounds ua rau cov nqi ua haujlwm thiab kev siv cov reagent nce ntxiv, feem ntau ua rau cov txiaj ntsig rov qab los ntawm kev rho tawm tsawg dua.
- Kev Ua Phem Thib Ob:Cov tshuaj lom neeg ua rau cov dej yaj sai dua tab sis kuj ua rau cov khoom tsis huv sib xyaw ua ke - txhuas, hlau, thiab calcium raug txav mus los, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau ib puag ncig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv dej thiab av. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj acid ntau hauv kev ntxuav thee ua rau 5-6% txhuas thiab hlau ntxuav nrog rau REEs, ua rau kev kho cov dej tsis tshua muaj av nyuaj.
- Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm impurity:Dhau ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev xaiv tsis zoo - cov hlau tsis xav tau nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj, cov kuab tshuaj rho tawm thiab cov txheej txheem sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj, thiab xav tau kev ntxuav kom huv si.
- Kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau:Kev sim tshuaj ntxuav cov av hauv av qhia txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm thaj av; kev siv ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov pob zeb hauv av tsis ruaj khov, ua rau muaj av qeeg thiab kev tawg ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes hauv kev khawb av.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no txhawb kev siv tshuaj kom zoo tshaj plaws, txhawb kom muaj lwm txoj hauv kev uas ruaj khov xws li cov kua qaub me me lossis cov alkaline earth carboxylates. Cov neeg sawv cev no ntawm pH uas tsim tshwj xeeb, ze rau nruab nrab, ua tiav REE rov qab tau siab (> 91%) thaum txo qis kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis huv - ua raws li cov txheej txheem sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj.
Kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj leaching yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj. Kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ncaj qha tswj hwm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev leaching, kev yaj ruaj khov, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kuab tshuaj rho tawm, thaum tswj hwm tus nqi thiab kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig. Kev xaiv thiab kev kho qhov tseeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev thiab cov koob tshuaj, siv cov kev nkag siab txog mineralogical, tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem rho tawm thiab sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj siab heev.
Kev Ntsuas Kom Muaj Peev Xwm ntawm Cov Tshuaj Leaching Agent Concentration
Kev txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj leaching yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj. Kev sib xws ntawm qhov kev sib sau ua ke ua kom muaj kev sib sau ua ke zoo tshaj plaws, txhawb kev yaj ntawm cov khoom tsis tshua muaj, thiab cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev rho tawm cov khoom tsis tshua muaj. Ob qho tib si kev ntsuas ncaj qha thiab cov qauv ua qauv zoo siv los tswj cov tshuaj ntau npaum li cas, txo qis kev nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom tsis huv, thiab tiv thaiv kev pov tseg cov peev txheej.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Kev Sib Cais ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Sib Cais
Kev ntsuas ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuavyog ib qho kev tswj hwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj. Nws txoj kev sib raug zoo ncaj qha nrog kev ua haujlwm leaching yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev vam meej ntawm kev sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj thoob plaws ntau yam khoom noj. Kev kho qhov ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev txiav txim siab ob qho tib si cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ions tsis tshua muaj thiab kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj rau kev sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj.
Kev Sib Txheeb Ncaj Qha Ntawm Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Qhov Ntau thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Leaching
Kev ua kom cov tshuaj leaching ntau ntxiv ua rau cov av tsis tshua muaj zog ntau ntxiv. Piv txwv li, magnesium acetate—siv rau hauv cov pob zeb uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov av uas tau raug puas tsuaj—ua tiav ntau dua 91% ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj zog ntawm cov koob tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws, thaum ua kom cov txhuas sib xyaw ua ke hauv qab 30% ntawm cov xwm txheej tswj hwm. Qhov kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws no yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum siv cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj los cais thiab ntxuav cov av tsis tshua muaj zog ntawm cov matrices nyuaj xws li cov thee gangue thiab cov khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam. Cov kua qaub inorganic (piv txwv li, HCl, HNO₃) zoo sib xws ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj molar zoo (piv txwv li, txog li 12.5 mol / dm³ rau cerium thiab lanthanum), txawm hais tias kev xaiv yuav tsum tau sib npaug zoo kom tsis txhob muaj kev yaj ntau dhau.
Kev Cuam Tshuam rau Kev Xaiv Kev Yaj ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsis Tshua Muaj
Kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj leaching agent yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov ions av tsawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kho cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov khoom tsis huv uas tsis yog av tsawg. Piv txwv li, kev kho cov av tsawg leachate nrog citric acid ntawm 2 mol / L ua rau muaj kev yaj ntau dua 90% ntawm cov av tsawg los ntawm phosphogypsum, nrog rau cov txheej txheem teb ntawm qhov chaw lees paub qhov concentration ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ua tus tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev xaiv. Qhov concentration ntawm tus neeg sawv cev qis dua kuj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev: kev sib law liag acid leaching ntawm cov khib nyiab hluav taws xob siv 0.2 M H₂SO₄ ntawm 20 ° C tau pom tias rov qab tau txog li 91% ntawm cov av tsawg, txo qis kev sib koom ua ke ntawm txhuas thiab hlau. Cov qauv tsim ua pawg qhia tau tias dhau ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev concentration tuaj yeem txhawb kev yaj tsis zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus gangue thiab cuam tshuam rau cov khoom av tsawg purity.
Piv txwv txog ntau yam: Kev txhim kho hauv kev kuaj pom qhov tseeb thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm Ion
Cov kev nce qib tsis ntev los no hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke qhia tau tias qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg sawv cev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev kuaj pom thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm ion-dissolution. Kev siv Lonnmeter-enabled process controls tso cai rau kev ntsuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag, ntau ntawm cov leaching agent concentration thiab kev hloov kho ncaj qha thaum lub sijhawm rho tawm. Cov pov thawj ntawm kev sim tau qhia tias kev nce cov neeg sawv cev concentration hauv qhov ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws ua rau muaj kev txhim kho zoo hauv kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv ion dissolution profiles thiab hauv kev rov qab raug ntawm cov kev hloov pauv me me. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke, xws li kev sib xyaw ammonium sulfate nrog ammonium formate inhibitors, txo cov kev yaj ntawm txhuas tsis xav tau, ua rau muaj kev rho tawm cov khoom siv av tsawg dua thiab rov ua dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb kinetic raws li cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ob chav thiab cov qauv chromatographic phaj lees paub tias qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws txo qis kev sib koom ua ke thiab ua kom muaj kev sib cais av tsawg thaum ntxov hauv cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj.
Cov Kev Siv Tau Zoo thiab Kev Ua Kom Zoo Dua ntawm Kev Siv Tshuaj
Kev siv cov tshuaj leaching kom zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib cais cov ions uas muaj nqis thaum txwv tsis pub muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm. Rau kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj uas muaj nqis ntawm cov av tsawg, kev tswj hwm qhov concentration hauv qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov agglomerates thiab cov qauv ntawm cov av tsawg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm qhov chaw khawb av. Cov kev sim qhia tau tias ntau tshaj 3.5% cov neeg sawv cev concentration nrog magnesium sulfate cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm cov av, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau ib puag ncig. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov neeg sawv cev tsis txaus ua rau kev ua haujlwm leaching tsis zoo thiab kev sib cais cov av tsawg tsis tiav. Kev txhawb nqa kev ua qauv ntau, xws li kev tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw teb thiab kev xav ntawm phaj chromatographic, tso cai rau kev kho kom raug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev leaching rau txhua cov av lossis cov khoom seem hauv kev lag luam - kev sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm rho tawm, kev huv ntawm cov khoom, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg sawv cev leaching yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, xaiv tau rov qab thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov ions av tsis tshua muaj rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam.
Cov Txheej Txheem Rho Tawm Cov kuab tshuaj rau Kev Sib Cais Lub Ntiaj Teb Tsis Tshua Muaj
Kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj yog ib qho thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj, tsim los xaiv thiab ntxuav REEs los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, xws li cov hlau leachates thiab cov chaw rov ua dua tshiab. Nws tso cai rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ions tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov dej thiab cov organic theem siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Kev sib cais los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws vim tias ntau cov ions tsis tshua muaj qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj teeb (LREEs: La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sm) thiab cov av tsis tshua muaj hnyav (HREEs: Y, Dy, Tb).
Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Kev Lag Luam Tseem Ceeb
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj suav nrog kev sib koom tes ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj ions nrog cov organic extractants. Bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid, Cyanex 272, Cyanex 572, thiab PC 88A, feem ntau ntxiv nrog cov theem hloov kho xws li tributyl phosphate (TBP), qhia txog kev xaiv affinities rau cov av tsis tshua muaj. Los ntawm kev tswj cov pH theem aqueous, ion pauv, thiab cov hom extractant, cov yam ntxwv sib cais tuaj yeem ua kom siab tshaj plaws - piv txwv li, Cyanex 572 nrog PC 88A thiab TBP muab kev sib cais ntawm Sm thiab La, thaum Nd thiab Pr tseem nyuaj dua vim muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ze.
Hauv kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj neeg siv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov REEs uas muaj kev ntshiab siab siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hlau nplaum, thiab cov thev naus laus zis zog. Cov nroj tsuag siv cov voj voog rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj ntau theem, feem ntau ua qauv los ntawm kev suav sib npaug thiab kev ua qauv txheej txheem, kom maj mam ntxuav thiab ua kom cov ntsiab lus xav tau. Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj siv los rov qab Nd, Pr, thiab Dy los ntawm cov roj teeb rov ua dua tshiab, qhov twg cov qauv theem thiab cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo dua (xws li kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom me me) coj cov kev sib xyaw ua ke rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev huv.
Kev Txhim Kho Rau Cov Khoom Siv Leachate Sib Txawv
Kev kho cov tshuaj leachate uas tsis tshua muaj av yuav tsum tau hloov kho cov xwm txheej rho tawm kom phim cov khoom noj uas muaj nyob hauv. Qhov kev siv cov tshuaj leaching zoo tshaj plaws rau cov av tsis tshua muaj, nrog rau kev xaiv thiab koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj extractants, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Rau cov tshuaj leachates uas muaj sulfate ntau los ntawm cov ion-adsorption ores lossis cov hlau nplaum rov ua dua tshiab, phosphorylhydroxyacetic acid (HPOAc) muab kev xaiv siab rau cov REEs tshwj xeeb. Cov tshuaj diluents zoo li hexane thiab octane, ua ke nrog D2EHPA lossis cov tshuaj extractants zoo sib xws, txo qis kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom tsis huv uas tsis yog REE hauv cov tshuaj sulfuric acid leachates.
Cov cuab yeej siv los ntsuas cov kua qaub (acid stripping reagent concentration) thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas Lonnmeter (Lonnmeter quantification cuv npe) txhawb kev kho kom rov zoo, ua kom cov ions hauv av tsis tshua muaj yaj thiab sib cais tau zoo. Cov txheej txheem sib pauv ion thiab cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj ua rau muaj kev daws teeb meem siab heev rau cov khoom sib xyaw ntau yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsom mus rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev rho tawm cov av tsis tshua muaj nrog kev txo qis ntawm cov khoom tsis huv.
Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab ntawm Membrane Solvent Extraction
Kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj hauv daim nyias nyias (MSX) qhia txog kev nce qib loj hauv cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj hauv av tsawg los ntawm kev siv cov daim nyias nyias me me los ua kom cov tshuaj rho tawm tsis txav tau. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau muaj kev thauj mus los xaiv cov ions hauv av tsawg, ua tiav ntau dua 90% rov qab los nrog cov tshuaj reagents xws li di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) hauv lithium thiab cov av tsawg leachates. Cov daim nyias nyias polymer bio-derived ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg sawv cev chelating tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua txog 30% piv rau kev rho tawm kua-kua ib txwm muaj. MSX txo cov tshuaj reagent poob thiab txo qis kev siv zog, pab txhawb rau kev rho tawm thiab sib cais av tsawg uas ntsuab dua thiab pheej yig dua. Cov kuab tshuaj ntsuab, xws li cov kua ionic thiab cov kuab tshuaj eutectic tob, ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov ntxiv hauv kev sib cais av tsawg.
Cov kev sim nrog cov tshuaj ntxuav cov khib nyiab hluav taws xob ua pov thawj tias MSX muaj peev xwm rov qab tau cov ntsiab lus xws li Dy, Pr, thiab Nd. Kev xaiv zoo dua, kev hloov pauv sai dua, thiab kev siv cov kuab tshuaj tsawg dua yog cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, ua raws li kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab kev ncig ntawm cov peev txheej hauv cov txheej txheem sib cais cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj.
Kev Sib Cais Los Ntawm Cov Tshuaj Solvent Extraction
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Kev koom ua ke nrog Upstream Leaching Agent Concentration Control
Kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj zoo nyob ntawm kev tswj cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov tshuaj leaching. Cov tshuaj leaching tsis txaus ua rau cov av tsis tshua muaj yaj tag, txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev rho tawm, thaum cov tshuaj leaching ntau dhau tuaj yeem tsim cov khib nyiab reagent ntau, nce kev nqus ntawm cov khoom tsis huv, thiab ua rau qhov sib npaug ntawm theem tsis ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm sib cais los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj.
Cov ntsev ammonium sib xyaw thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj—siv rau hauv cov pob zeb tsis tshua muaj av uas tau raug puas tsuaj—qhia txog kev ua kom zoo ntawm tus neeg sawv cev leaching txhim kho ob qho tib si leaching thiab kev sib cais. Kev ua qauv thermodynamic (piv txwv li, P204 kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov tshauv thee ya) txhawb kev kho cov kev rho tawm kom phim cov tshuaj leachate rau kev rov qab zoo tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem rho tawm heap leaching-solvent kuj tseem xa kev nyab xeeb rau ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm kev xaiv cov neeg sawv cev leaching thiab kev sib sau ua ke nrog cov tshuaj extractant thiab cov kev xaiv hloov kho theem ua rau muaj kev yaj ruaj khov thiab kev tswj cov khoom noj pub, ncaj qha txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig sib cais thiab kev siv cov peev txheej. Kev ntsuas qhov tseeb, lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg sawv cev leaching thiab cov khoom siv ion tsis tshua muaj nrog Lonnmeter instrumentation txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke rau cov txheej txheem sib cais av tsis tshua muaj.
Cov Kev Txhim Kho Tshiab thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Kev Rho Tawm
Cov khoom siv bioengineered protein-based adsorbents tau hloov kho cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj neeg, qhia txog cov hauv kev tshiab rau kev rov qab los ntawm cov chaw tsis zoo xws li e-pov tseg thiab cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam. Cov protein zoo li Lanmodulin tau tsim thiab tsim rau kev sib raug zoo tshwj xeeb rau REE ions, qhia txog kev xaiv txawm tias thaum raug rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj cov hlau ions sib tw siab. Qhov kev tshwj xeeb molecular no muab qhov zoo dua li cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov ntxhia adsorbents ib txwm muaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj xws li lub zog ionic siab lossis cov chaw acidic, uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej khib nyiab kho cov kwj deg. Cov peptides ua raws li qhov sib lawv liag thiab cov protein immobilized, thaum sib xyaw nrog cov polymers ua haujlwm lossis nanomaterials, tsa ob qho tib si adsorption peev xwm thiab cov txheej txheem robustness, nrog cov khoom siv nanocomposite engineered ua tiav REE adsorption peev xwm tshaj 900 mg / g, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj dilute lossis cov dej ua haujlwm.
Kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev rho tawm cov av tsis tshua muaj nyob ntawm qhov ruaj khov thiab kev siv rov qab ntawm cov adsorbent. Cov polymer rov ua dua tshiab thiab cov magnetic adsorbents tau tsim los txhawb nqa kev sib txuas ruaj khov thiab tso cai rau kev rov qab sai ntawm cov khoom thauj. Lawv qhov kev siv rov qab txo qis kev tsim cov khib nyiab thib ob thiab txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem sib cais av tsis tshua muaj. Piv txwv li, cov khoom sib xyaw magnetic tso cai rau kev sib cais lub cev ntawm adsorbent los ntawm leachates los ntawm magnetism, khaws cia kev ua tau zoo dhau ntau lub voj voog thiab tswj hwm kev yaj ruaj khov ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj ions hauv kev rho tawm thiab sib cais rov ua dua. Cov kab ke no zoo tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog txoj kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj rau kev sib cais av tsis tshua muaj, txhawb nqa kev rov qab tau zoo los ntawm cov hlau nplaum siv thiab cov khoom seem hauv kev lag luam thaum ua kom zoo dua cov tshuaj leaching thiab txo qis kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
Cov txheej txheem teb rau qhov kub thiab sib xyaw-reagent qhia txog kev tswj hwm dynamic rau hauv kev sib cais los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem no teb rau cov cim thermal los ntawm kev hloov kho lub zog sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov adsorbents thiab REE ions, ua rau kev xaiv elution thiab txhim kho kev huv si hauv cov feem sib cais. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw-reagent sib xyaw cov organic thiab inorganic solvents lossis kho pH thiab ionic lub zog los kho qhov kev xaiv rho tawm, tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov hlau tsis xav tau, thiab xa cov kev sib cais av tsawg-purity siab. Kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib cais av tsawg, pab txhawb kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg sawv cev leaching rau cov av tsawg, zam kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg sawv cev leaching tsis txaus lossis ntau dhau hauv kev ua cov av tsawg, thiab txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov khoom siv bioengineered thiab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem kub thiab cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem rho tawm thiab sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj uas xav tau rau kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov. Lawv txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke ua rau kev siv tshuaj leaching zoo dua, ua kom cov tshuaj leachate kho tau zoo dua, thiab ua tiav kev sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj uas huv si nrog kev txo qis qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
Kev Xav Txog Ib puag ncig thiab Kev Lag Luam
Kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj leaching agent hauv cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj av ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab kev lag luam. Los ntawm kev hloov kho cov tshuaj leaching, cov haujlwm leaching earth tsis tshua muaj av tswj tau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm leaching thaum txo qis cov tshuaj reagent ntau dhau thiab cov teebmeem tom qab.
Cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig ntawm kev siv tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev sib cais ua ntej
Kev kho kom zoo dua qhov kev siv cov tshuaj ntxuav kom zoo tshaj plaws rau cov av tsis tshua muaj yuav txwv tsis pub siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau thiab kev siv tshuaj ntxuav ntau dhau hauv kev ua cov av tsis tshua muaj. Thaum cov tshuaj sib npaug rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev yaj cov ions av tsis tshua muaj, kev yaj cov zaub mov theem ob thiab kev tso tawm cov khoom lom yuav raug txo kom tsawg. Cov txheej txheem sib cais av tsis tshua muaj siab heev—xws li kev txhim kho cov kua nplaum uas siv rau hauv daim nyias nyias thiab kev rho tawm cov kua nplaum uas sib xyaw ua ke—ua rau muaj kev rov qab zoo thiab txo qhov poob, txo cov pa phem uas tawm hauv ib chav ntawm cov khoom av tsis tshua muaj.
Cov tshuaj lixiviants uas zoo rau ib puag ncig—xws li magnesium acetate, magnesium sulfate, thiab cov organic acids xws li citric acid—txo cov av acidification thiab pab kom sai sai tom qab leach ecosystem rov qab zoo. Piv txwv li, citric acid-based leaching tsis yog tsuas yog ua tiav cov nqi rov qab zoo xwb tab sis kuj ua rau rov qab zoo sai ntawm cov enzyme hauv av, uas qhia txog kev kho dua tshiab sai sai tom qab leachate kho. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias nrog magnesium-based lixiviants, kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm kev rho tawm sib xws nrog cov khoom tsis huv tsawg thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm ecological, raws li tau lees paub los ntawm zeta potential thiab double electric layer analysis. Cov kev tshawb pom no qhia tau hais tias kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj leaching thiab cov txheej txheem leaching xaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv ib puag ncig.
Kev sib cais siab heev los ntawm cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas siv cov polymer membranes ua haujlwm - txwv tsis pub cov kuab tshuaj organic poob thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm kev sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw thiab cov txheej txheem membrane txhim kho kev xaiv thiab kev rov qab los, txo cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khib nyiab tsim piv rau cov khoom sib xyaw-settler ib txwm muaj. Cov kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem no ua rau kev sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj huv dua thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua rau ib puag ncig.
Kev Txo Kev Siv Tshuaj, Kev Tsim Cov Khib Nyhiab, thiab Kev Ua Rau Ib Puag Ncig Tsis Zoo
Kev tswj cov tshuaj leaching agent dosing txo cov reagent siv ntau dhau thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tshuaj seem tsis tsim nyog hauv cov dej haus rho tawm. Piv txwv li, hauv kev kho cov av tsis tshua muaj leachate, dhau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm magnesium sulfate concentration lossis ua haujlwm qis dua pH zoo tagnrho ua rau cov qauv ore tsis ruaj khov, tso cov khoom me me thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm qhov chaw. Los ntawm kev tswj cov tshuaj ntawm cov nqi zoo tshaj plaws, kev tswj cov txheej txheem txo qis kev siv tshuaj ncaj qha thiab kev phom sij geotechnical.
Kev siv cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov tseeb - suav nrog qhov tseeb siabkab hauv kabkev tsom mus raumeters los ntawm Lonnmeter—ua rau muaj kev hloov kho raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xwm txheej leaching, yog li txo cov tshuaj siv yam tsis poob qhov ua tau zoo ntawm leaching hauv kev rho tawm cov av tsis tshua muaj. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom siv bioengineered adsorbents thiab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, xws li cov protein-based biosorbents thiab lignocellulosic pov tseg, pab txhawb kev rov qab los ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj thaum txhawb nqa cov voj voog kaw uas tib lub sijhawm txo cov dej ntws tawm hauv ib puag ncig thiab ua kom cov dej khib nyiab muaj nqis.
Thaum cov txheej txheem sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj siab heev tau ua ke nrog kev tswj hwm cov neeg sawv cev leaching zoo tshaj plaws, kev tsim cov khib nyiab thaum lub sijhawm rho tawm thiab sib cais tau txo qis heev. Piv txwv li, kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj membrane tsis yog tsuas yog ua tiav cov hlau huv thiab cov txiaj ntsig siab dua xwb tab sis kuj txo cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kua qaub uas feem ntau xav tau kev kho cov khib nyiab phom sij. Cov kev txo qis no ua raws li lub hom phiaj kev khawb av kom ruaj khov thiab kev tswj hwm kom txo qis lub nra hnyav ntawm kev khawb av tsis tshua muaj.
Cov Kev Zoo ntawm Kev Lag Luam: Kev Siv Cov Khoom Siv Zoo Dua thiab Cov Nqi Ua Haujlwm Tsawg Dua
Kev sib tw ua lag luam hauv kev rho tawm thiab sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj nyob ntawm kev siv cov peev txheej zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog. Kev siv tshuaj leaching kom zoo dua txo cov nqi khoom siv raw thiab cov tshuaj reagent los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj ntxiv tsis tsim nyog, thaum kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev poob los ntawm kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv, lossis lub cev hlau poob qis.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov thev naus laus zis membrane ua rau muaj kev rov qab los ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj los ntawm cov dej xau - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov peev txheej qis lossis cov khoom siv nyuaj - yog li ua rau muaj kev siv tag nrho ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj. Kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiag tiag los ntawmcov khoom siv ntsuas concentrationua rau muaj kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab cov khoom zoo, txhawb nqa kev rov qab los ntawm kev lag luam thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem.
Kev txo cov khib nyiab tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev txuag nyiaj ncaj qha hauv kev yuav cov tshuaj reagent xwb tab sis kuj tseem nyob rau hauv kev kho mob tom qab, kev ua raws li txoj cai, thiab kev kho kom rov zoo. Piv txwv li, cov nqi rov qab los hauv cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kua nplaum sib xyaw ua ke siab dua thiab kev siv hluav taws xob txo qis heev, ua rau muaj kev txuag nyiaj ntau hauv kev sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj. Ib yam li ntawd, kev qhia txog cov biosorbents uas siv tau dua tshiab - khaws lawv txoj haujlwm dhau ntau lub voj voog - txo cov nqi siv thiab cov nqi tswj hwm pov tseg.
Kev tshuaj xyuas lub neej voj voog ua kom pom tseeb tias kev sib koom tes leaching thiab cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj av tsawg dua qhia txog ob qho tib si qis dua cov pa roj av thiab cov qauv tshuaj lom, thaum kinetic modeling qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab lub sijhawm nyob luv dua thaum lub sijhawm sib cais av tsawg. Hauv kev xaus, kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm thev naus laus zis huv si ncaj qha txhawb nqa ob qho tib si kev lag luam thiab kev ruaj khov ib puag ncig hauv kev ua haujlwm rho tawm av tsawg.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau
Cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb yog dab tsi?
Cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom muaj nqis hauv ntiaj teb muaj ntau kauj ruam los cais cov khoom muaj nqis hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Ua ntej, cov khoom siv hauv av lossis cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam raug leaching, qhov twg tus neeg sawv cev leaching yaj cov ions hauv ntiaj teb rau hauv cov kua. Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov leachate no txiav txim siab ncaj qha rau cov kauj ruam tom ntej - cov txheej txheem sib cais xaiv xws li kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj lossis kev nqus tau siv los faib cov khoom muaj nqis tshwj xeeb, raws li lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem sib cais cov khoom muaj nqis siab heev tuaj yeem suav nrog kev ua kom muaj tshuaj lom neeg, kev sib pauv ion, cov txheej txheem membrane, thiab bioadsorption rau kev xaiv zoo dua thiab kev ruaj khov. Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem kom raug - tshuaj lom neeg, lub cev, lossis biological - nyob ntawm qhov faib cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov kev xav tau siv kawg rau kev huv thiab kev rov qab los ntawm kev lag luam.
Qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg sawv cev leaching cuam tshuam li cas rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj?
Kev siv cov tshuaj leaching concentration yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj. Cov tshuaj tsawg dhau ua rau cov khoom yaj tsis tiav thiab rov qab tau cov ions av tsis tshua muaj, ua rau cov khoom noj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab txo cov khoom tsim tawm. Qhov kev siv ntau dhau, ntawm qhov tod tes, ua rau cov nqi reagent nce ntxiv thiab yuav yaj cov hlau tsis xav tau, txo cov khoom huv. Kev siv cov tshuaj leaching concentration zoo tshaj plaws sib npaug rau kev rov qab tau cov ions uas xav tau, kev xaiv, thiab kev siv nyiaj tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, kev siv 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua tiav txog li 87% kev rov qab tau cov av tsis tshua muaj los ntawm phosphogypsum, thaum cov ntsev ntxiv xws li ammonium lossis sodium chloride ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua. Kev ua qauv txheej txheem thiab kev ntsuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag - xws li siv Lonnmeter - pab txhawb kev siv cov tshuaj leaching kom zoo dua.
Cov av tsis tshua muaj leachate yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb?
Cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj av tsawg yog cov tshuaj uas tsim tawm tom qab kho cov khoom noj uas muaj av tsawg nrog cov tshuaj uas tsim nyog rau kev rho tawm. Cov tshuaj no muaj cov ions av tsawg uas yaj thiab tej zaum lwm cov hlau lossis cov khoom tsis huv. Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj av tsawg tswj kev sib cais los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab kev nqus; kev tsim qauv zoo tshaj plaws ua kom muaj kev ntshiab siab thiab kev hloov pauv xaiv tau. Cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov organic sib xyaw tsis muaj zog lossis cov pH uas tau kho kom haum ua rau kev sib cais av tsawg ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab kev ruaj khov. Kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj av tsawg—tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pH, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg sawv cev sib xyaw, thiab kev cuam tshuam cov hlau—cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev lag luam thiab kev xaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem rho tawm thiab sib cais av tsawg.
Kev sib cais los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj extraction ua haujlwm li cas hauv kev ua cov av tsis tshua muaj?
Kev sib cais los ntawm kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj suav nrog kev hloov cov ions av tsawg uas yaj los ntawm cov dej leachate theem mus rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic siv cov tshuaj extractants tshwj xeeb. Txoj kev no siv qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv kev sib cuam tshuam tshuaj ntawm cov ions av tsawg thiab cov tshuaj extractants. Los ntawm kev kho qhov concentration ntawm tus neeg sawv cev leaching, pH, thiab cov qauv extractant, cov neeg teb xov tooj ua kom muaj kev xaiv thiab rov qab tau zoo tshaj plaws. Cov ntawv ntws ntau theem thiab cov qauv sib npaug siv los ua kom zoo tshaj plaws kev sib cais - feem ntau ua tiav cov purities siab dua 99% rau cov ntsiab lus xws li yttrium thiab lanthanum. Siv cov kuab tshuaj ntsuab, xws li cov txheej txheem ob theem dej, txo cov teeb meem ib puag ncig yam tsis muaj kev txi kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv cov txheej txheem rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj av tsawg.
Yuav ua li cas yog tias tus neeg sawv cev leaching tsis txaus lossis ntau dhau thaum lub sijhawm sib cais cov av tsis tshua muaj?
Tus neeg sawv cev leaching tsis txaus ua rau yaj cov ions tsis tshua muaj pes tsawg raws li qhov xav tau, ua rau kev ua haujlwm leaching tsis zoo thiab rov qab tsis tiav. Tus neeg sawv cev leaching ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau siv cov tshuaj tsis tsim nyog, ua rau cov nqi ua tiav ntau ntxiv, thiab sib koom ua ke leach cov tshuaj tsis xav tau, ua rau cov khoom kawg tsis huv. Ntxiv mus, qhov concentration siab lossis pH tsis raug yuav ua rau cov agglomerates ore tsis ruaj khov, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm leaching heap lossis kem. Cov pov thawj empirical qhia txog qhov xav tau kev ntsuas thiab kev tswj hwm kom meej - kev yaj ruaj khov ntawm cov ions tsis tshua muaj pes tsawg tsuas yog ua tiav ntawm qhov concentration thiab pH zoo tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem zoo li Lonnmeter yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas thiab tswj hwm qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj leaching.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-28-2025
