Kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cov cyanide dawb hauv cov txheej txheem leaching kub cyanide xav tau kev ntsuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag hauv cov voj voog leaching. Cov khoom ntsuas inline, uas nyob ncaj qha hauv cov kav dej slurry lossis cov thoob dej, taug qab cov cyanide dawb, cov cyanide seem, thiab WAD cyanide concentration tas li. Cov cuab yeej no tshem tawm cov kev ncua sij hawm kuaj tes, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua yuam kev ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm, thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem txhua 3-10 feeb, txhawb kev txiav txim siab sai hauv cov chaw cog khoom hloov pauv.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cyanide Leaching rau Kev Rho Kub
Kev rho tawm cyanide ntawm kub yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev rov qab tau kub hydrometallurgical, ua rau rho tawm ntawm cov ores qis thiab cov complex. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, kub raug hloov pauv los ntawm nws cov qauv hlau ib txwm mus rau hauv cov complex soluble, feem ntau los ntawm kev siv sodium cyanide (NaCN) nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline muaj zog. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb suav nrog kub, cyanide ions, thiab molecular oxygen, ua rau muaj cov kub cyanide complex ruaj khov [Au(CN)_2]^–—ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb rau kev rho tawm kub hauv kev lag luam:
4 Au + 8 CN⁻ + O₂ + 2 H₂O → 4 [Au(CN)₂]⁻ + 4 OH⁻
Kev tswj kom muaj cyanide concentration txaus, cov pa oxygen uas yaj txaus, thiab pH alkaline (feem ntau >10) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev pab txhawb kev yaj thiab kev tuav pov hwm kom zoo, vim tias cov xwm txheej alkaline tiv thaiv kev tsim cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide lom. Cov kinetics leaching raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kev ntsuas no, nrog rau qhov ceev ntawm cov pulp thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me - cov hloov pauv uas tau ua kom zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tau hais txog hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kub cyanidation. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog cov hlau ore thiab qhov muaj cov khoom tsis huv, xws li cov ions tooj liab, tuaj yeem txo qis kev ua haujlwm zoo los ntawm kev sib tw rau cyanide thiab tsim cov khoom tsis xav tau uas ua rau kev siv reagent ntau ntxiv thiab txo cov nqi rov qab kub.
Kev Soj Ntsuam Hauv Online ntawm Cyanide thiab Kub hauv Cov Tshuaj Ntxuav Kub
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Cov txheej txheem leaching kub cyanide tseem tsis tau muaj qhov sib piv hauv kev yooj yim ua haujlwm, kev siv nyiaj tsim nyog, thiab kev rho tawm cov txiaj ntsig rau feem ntau hom ore. Cov kev nce qib tsis ntev los no suav nrog thermodynamic thiab kinetic modeling los kwv yees tus cwj pwm leach, ua kom zoo dua qhov concentration ntawm cyanide dawb, thiab txo qis kev siv reagent ntau dhau los ntawm kev txhim kho kev tshuaj xyuas pulp leaching concentration thiab kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov leachate kub. Lub Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter rau kev ntsuas cyanide kuj tau pab txhawb rau kev saib xyuas cyanide concentration ntau dua thiab tiag tiag hauv kev ua haujlwm mining, pab tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm cov xwm txheej leach thiab txo cov khib nyiab.
Txawm hais tias kev siv cyanide leaching los rho kub yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem rho kub uas tsis muaj cyanide tau txais kev txhawb nqa vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig thiab kev cai lij choj. Lwm cov thev naus laus zis xws li thiosulfate thiab hypobromite leaching muab lwm txoj hauv kev rho kub uas zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv chaw kuaj mob thiab cov chaw sim. Piv txwv li, Dundee Sustainable Technologies cov txheej txheem siv sodium hypobromite los hloov cyanide, ua tiav kev rho kub sai thiab tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho thiab pov tseg cyanide leachate. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv ntawm qhov ntsuas yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm cov yam ntxwv suav nrog tus nqi, kev koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hlau.
Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem ntawm cyanide thiab cyanide-free txoj kev nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm kub los ntawm cyanide leachate, kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv tshuab, cov nqi ua haujlwm, kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai. Cyanide leaching tseem yog txoj hauv kev nyiam tshaj plaws rau ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm khawb av vim muaj kev kwv yees tau ntawm leaching kinetics hauv kub cyanidation thiab kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig uas tswj tau thaum ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem saib xyuas cyanide concentration zoo. Qhov sib txawv, cov thev naus laus zis cyanide leaching siab heev thiab lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau ib puag ncig muab cov hauv kev tseem ceeb rau cov chaw khawb av uas ntsib teeb meem daim ntawv tso cai hauv zej zog, cov hom ore nyuaj, lossis cov chaw tswj hwm nruj. Txhua txoj kev pauv pauv yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam zoo ntawm cov cyanide concentration dawb thiab seem hauv kub leachate, pulp density, leachate composition, thiab qhov chaw tshwj xeeb.
Chemistry thiab Reaction Mechanisms hauv Gold Cyanide Leaching
Stoichiometry ntawm Kev Yaj Kub: Kev Sib Cuam Tshuam Kub, Cyanide, thiab Oxygen
Cov txheej txheem leaching kub cyanide yog tswj hwm los ntawm stoichiometry piav qhia los ntawm Elsner Equation:
4 Au + 8 CN⁻ + O₂ + 2 H₂O → 4 [Au(CN)₂]⁻ + 4 OH⁻
Qhov kev tshuaj tiv thaiv no qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kub hlau, cov cyanide ions dawb (CN⁻), thiab cov pa oxygen molecular. Txhua mole ntawm cov pa oxygen ua rau plaub moles ntawm cov kub yaj, nrog rau cyanide tsim cov dicyanoaurate complex ruaj khov ([Au(CN)₂]⁻). Yuav tsum muaj cyanide thiab oxygen txaus rau kev rho tawm kub zoo siv cyanide leaching.
Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Oxygen ua Catalyst; Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Qib Oxygen Yaj rau ntawm Leach Kinetics
Cov pa oxygen ua haujlwm ua ib qho oxidant tseem ceeb uas pab txhawb kev yaj ntawm kub tab sis tsis raug noj hauv lub ntsiab lus catalytic - nws koom nrog stoichiometrically tab sis feem ntau txwv qhov kev cuam tshuam hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam. Kub leaching kinetics, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub pulp leaching concentration tswj, nyob ntawm qhov yaj oxygen (DO) concentration. Thaum dawb cyanide ntau dhau, qhov tsis muaj oxygen ncaj qha txwv cov leaching nqi.
Piv txwv li, cov pa oxygen uas yaj tsawg yuav txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ntxuav txawm tias muaj cyanide ntau, thaum DO ntau dhau los ntawm kev ua kom muaj pa ntau dua, kev sib xyaw, lossis kev ntxiv oxygen nanobubble tuaj yeem txhim kho kinetics thiab kev rov qab kub. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv chaw kuaj mob thiab qhov chaw qhia tau tias kev ntsuas oxygen ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov pa oxygen muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw kub vim yog kev thauj mus los tsis zoo hauv lub pulp; DO tiag tiag ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau qis dua, ua rau pom tseeb ntxiv txog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm oxygen thiab cov tswv yim faib tawm.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Cov Xwm Txheej Alkaline (Kev Kho pH) rau Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Lub System
Kev rho tawm cyanide rau kev rho tawm kub yuav tsum tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline heev, feem ntau yog pH 10–11.5. Qhov pH no ua rau cyanide ruaj khov los ntawm kev txhawb kom muaj cov hom CN⁻ dawb thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide (HCN), uas tawm ntawm pH qis dua 9.3 thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lom.
Feem ntau pH raug kho los ntawm kev siv sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), lossis txiv qaub ntsuab (Ca(OH)₂), nrog rau kev xaiv uas cuam tshuam los ntawm hom ore thiab kev lag luam ua haujlwm. Kev siv txiv qaub ntsuab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siab dua pH 11, tuaj yeem qeeb qhov kev yaj kub - qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib cuam tshuam es tsis yog kev yaj oxygen. pH siab dhau nrog txiv qaub ntsuab yog txuas nrog kev txo qis ntawm kev ua haujlwm leach, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum arsenic lossis lwm yam tsis huv muaj, vim yog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw lossis tshuaj lom neeg kinetics.
Yuav kom cov txheej txheem cyanidation kub muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, cov chaw tsim kub niaj hnub no siv cov cuab yeej ntsuas pH thiab cyanide uas siv tshuab inline sensor los saib xyuas. Qhov no ua kom cov txheej txheem nyob hauv qhov alkaline zoo tshaj plaws, ua kom cyanide dawb ruaj khov, thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim HCN txaus ntshai thaum tseem txo qis kev siv cyanide thiab kev yaj ntawm cov khoom tsis huv.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Hom Cyanide: Dawb Cyanide vs. Cov Cyanide Concentration seem hauv Cov Txheej Txheem
Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas qhov concentration ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tsis yog txhua yam cyanide uas yaj lawm muaj rau kev ntxuav kub. Cov txheej txheem no sib txawv ntawm cov cyanide dawb thiab ntau hom cyanide seem (complexed).
- Cyanide dawb(tag nrho ntawm CN⁻ muaj thiab, ntawm pH qis, HCN) yog tus neeg sawv cev nquag ua rau kub yaj ncaj qha.
- Cov tshuaj cyanide seemmuaj cov hlau-cyanide sib xyaw (piv txwv li, nrog tooj liab, hlau, lossis zinc). Cov hom no tsis tshua muaj rau kev yaj kub, ua rau kev siv cyanide ntau ntxiv, thiab yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb hauv kev kho thiab pov tseg cyanide leachate vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev lom.
Kev tswj kom meej ntawm cov cyanide dawb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom tau kub ntau tshaj plaws thiab txo qhov poob cyanide. Cov txheej txheem ntsuas cov cyanide concentration hauv kab, suav nrog cov cuab yeej siab heev xws li Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter rau kev ntsuas cyanide, ua rau muaj kev hloov kho cov reagent ntxiv rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag. Qhov no tswj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab txwv cov cyanide concentration seem kom mus txog qib uas muaj lub luag haujlwm.
Cov cyanide seem ntau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj (piv txwv li, kev siv hlau hauv paus), kev tswj cov txheej txheem tsis zoo, lossis xav tau cov tshuaj leach tshwj xeeb - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum hloov mus rau lwm txoj hauv kev leaching kub uas zoo rau ib puag ncig lossis cov txheej txheem leaching kub uas tsis muaj cyanide. Kev rov qab tau kub niaj hnub los ntawm cov txheej txheem leachate cyanide siv kev saib xyuas cyanide speciation tas mus li ua ib feem ntawm cov thev naus laus zis cyanide leaching siab heev los tsav cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tau zoo, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ua raws li ib puag ncig.
Cov Kev Hloov Pauv Tseem Ceeb Uas Cuam Tshuam Rau Cov Txheej Txheem Leaching Kub Cyanide
Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev npaj ntawm cov pob zeb
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev rho tawm kub cyanide nyob ntawm seb cov ore muaj pes tsawg yam mineralogy, qhov loj ntawm cov kub me me, thiab kev kho ua ntej. Cov ores uas muaj kub kaw hauv cov sulfide minerals, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pyrite, yog hu ua refractory thiab qhia cov nqi rho tawm qis tshwj tsis yog tias tau ua kom zoo ua ntej. Piv txwv li, cov pyrite-rich concentrates xav tau cov cyanide concentration siab dua, tab sis qhov no ua rau kev siv reagent ntau dua thiab cov nqi ib puag ncig tsis tau lees tias yuav rov qab tau kub zoo. Kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov hlau yooj yim xws li tooj liab, zinc, lossis hlau sib tw nrog kub rau cyanide, ua rau kev siv tsis tsim nyog thiab tsim cov txheej passivation ntawm kub, cuam tshuam kev yaj.
Cov zaub mov uas raug nyiag ua ntej xws li cov pa roj carbon ntuj, thiab cov zaub mov gangue uas nqus cov kub sib xyaw ua ke, ua rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, kev piav qhia txog cov mineralogical ua ntej tsim cov txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb los txheeb xyuas cov hom teeb meem thiab lawv cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv. Kev txhim kho leaching suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas seb kub puas yog free-milling - muaj rau kev cyanidation ncaj qha - lossis encapsulated thiab xav tau kev kho ua ntej.
Qhov kev faib tawm ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev leaching kinetics hauv kub cyanidation. Kev sib tsoo zoo dua ua rau qhov chaw raug, ua rau cov nqi rov qab zoo dua, tab sis dhau qhov loj me zoo tshaj plaws, kev sib tsoo ntau dhau ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo los ntawm kev tsim cov slimes uas cuam tshuam kev hloov pauv loj thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau kev poob ntau ntxiv. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias, rau ntau lub ores, kev ua kom muaj qhov sib piv ntawm cov kub dawb ntawm qhov kev sib tsoo tshwj xeeb ua tiav kev nkag mus rau cyanide zoo dua thiab kev siv tau hauv kev lag luam. Kev sib tsoo zoo heev yog qhov pab tau rau kub uas muaj cov khoom ntim ntau tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev siv tshuaj reagent ntau dhau lossis kev sib sau ua ke.
Cov tswv yim kho ua ntej raug xaiv raws li hom ore. Kev kho ua ntej siv tshuab los ntawm kev sib tsoo zoo heev ua rau muaj kev nkag mus rau kub encapsulated ntau dua. Kev kho tshuaj lom neeg xws li alkaline lossis acidic leaching rhuav tshem cov sulfide matrices uas muaj teeb meem. Kev kho cua sov, xws li roasting, hloov sulfides mus rau oxides, ua rau kub yooj yim dua. Pre-liming - ntxiv txiv qaub ua ntej leaching - tswj pH thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov hom soluble, reactive. Piv txwv li, alkaline thiab ob-theem oxidative roasting tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev rov qab zoo rau Carlin-hom refractory ores. Ntawm South African refractory tailings, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev kho tshuab thiab tshuaj ua ntej txhim kho cov nqi rho tawm kub ntau dua li ob txoj hauv kev ib leeg.
Cov Kev Cai Lij Choj Ua Haujlwm
Kev Ua Kom Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Cyanide Concentration
Yuav tsum tswj xyuas kom meej tias muaj cyanide ntau hauv cov tshuaj. Yog tsis muaj cyanide ntau txaus ces yuav ua rau cov hlau yaj qeeb, thaum cov hlau ntau dhau ua rau cov nqi thiab tej yam ib puag ncig tsis ua rau cov hlau rov qab tau kub zoo. Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tias muaj li ntawm 600 ppm yog qib zoo tshaj plaws rau qee cov hlau, uas pab kom cov hlau yaj tag tab sis txo qhov pov tseg. Kev saib xyuas cov hlau cyanide ntau tas mus li thiab kev siv tshuaj tsis siv neeg—siv cov cuab yeej xws li Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter—ua rau muaj kev ntxiv cov tshuaj reagent uas phim cov hlau uas xav tau thiab ua kom cov nqi khiav lag luam ruaj khov.
Qhov Ceev ntawm Leachate thiab Pulp Leaching Concentration
Qhov ceev ntawm cov pulp—qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom khov thiab cov kua—ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv loj thiab kev rov qab tau kub. Qhov ceev ntawm cov pulp qis dua ua rau kev leaching kub zoo dua vim muaj kev txav mus los ntawm cov tshuaj thiab kev nkag mus rau cov reagent tab sis ua rau cov nqi siv dej thiab reagent nce ntxiv. Qhov ceev ntau dua txo cov kev siv reagent tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev leaching tsis tiav vim muaj kev hloov pauv loj tsis zoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov concentration ntawm pulp leaching thiab kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov leachate kub yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua kom zoo dua.
Kev kub ntxhov thiab kev tswj kub
Kev sib xyaw kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev dai cov khoom me me thiab txhawb kev sib cuag zoo ntawm cov cyanide uas yaj thiab kub. Kev sib xyaw siab dua feem ntau ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj leaching zoo dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ores uas yooj yim sliming lossis cov khoom me me sib sau ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib xyaw hnyav dhau yuav ua rau muaj kev poob lub cev lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxygen tsis xav tau. Ib yam li ntawd, qhov kub nce ntxiv ua rau kub yaj sai dua, tab sis qhov kub ua haujlwm yuav tsum sib npaug - qhov kub siab dua ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai dua tab sis kuj ua rau cyanide poob los ntawm kev volatilization lossis decomposition.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Lub Sijhawm Leaching
Lub sijhawm leaching yuav tsum ntev txaus rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev yaj tab sis luv txaus kom ua kom zoo dua qhov kev xau thiab txo qis kev siv cyanide. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev siv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke leaching tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm sib cuag xav tau ntau heev thaum txhim kho kev rov zoo tag nrho. Lub sijhawm leaching luv luv nrog kev ua haujlwm tshuaj zoo txo cov kev xav tau reagent, cov nuj nqis ua haujlwm, thiab kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig. Kev tswj hwm tag nrho ntawm lub sijhawm leaching yog qhov tseem ceeb kom phim cov ntawv thov reagent nrog cov kinetics rho tawm rau cov hom ore tshwj xeeb.
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau, kev xaiv ua ntej kho, kev tswj cov pulp density, kev saib xyuas cov cyanide concentration tas mus li, thiab kev hloov kho cov kev ua haujlwm ua lub hauv paus rau cov niaj hnub, kev rho tawm kub zoo siv cyanide leaching.
Cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas thiab tswj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khoom hauv kab
Cov Kev Daws Teeb Meem Saib Xyuas Niaj Hnub
Cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm cyanide dawb muaj xws li amperometric sensors thiab ligand exchange reactions, uas tso cai rau kev ntsuas ncaj qha, raug rau kev tshuaj xyuas qhov concentration ntawm pulp leaching thiab cov dej kub leachate. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li cov cyanide dawb thiab WAD cyanide yuav tsum tau ntsuas rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem thiab kev ua raws li ib puag ncig, vim tias cov kev txwv kev cai tam sim no xav tau kev taug qab ze ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cyanide seem hauv cov kub leachate. Cov cuab yeej inline, ntsia rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub voj voog, ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm cyanide dosing thiab muab kev ceeb toom ntxov ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov pauv.
Cov cuab yeej ntsuas ultrasonic, uas yog Lonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter, yog siv rau kev saib xyuas inline ntawm ob qho tib si cyanide thiab pulp density hauv leaching circuits. Lub meter no siv cov ntsiab cai xa ultrasonic los txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua dej uas cuam tshuam nrog cyanide thiab kub leachate concentrations. Qhov kev ntsuas ncaj qha ua rau cov neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev rho tawm kub tam sim ntawd, ua kom zoo dua qhov kev ntsuas aeration thiab kev sib xyaw, thiab tswj kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem. Lonnmeter tus qauv tsim txhawb nqa lub sijhawm tiag tiag, kev sau cov ntaub ntawv tsis siv neeg thiab kev koom ua ke tam sim ntawd nrog cov kab ke tswj hwm cog. Piv txwv li, thaum saib xyuas pulp density, Lonnmeter muab cov lus teb tas mus li, txo qhov xav tau kev ntsuas qhov ceev hauv chaw kuaj mob thiab tso cai rau kev hloov kho sai rau pulp consistency rau kev txhim kho leaching kinetics thiab rov qab tau kub.
Hauv kev xyaum, cov kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub no muab cov hauv qab no:
- Cov ntaub ntawv tam sim ntawd ntawm cyanide thiab qhov ceev, txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas.
- Ua raws li kev cai lij choj ntawm kev tso tawm thiab cov tailings vim muaj cov ntaub ntawv cyanide seem uas siv tau.
- Kev txuag nyiaj ua haujlwm, vim tias kev kho cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tau yam tsis muaj kev ncua.
Cov Tswv Yim Tswj Xyuas Cov Lus Teb Rov Qab
Kev tswj cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas inline los txhim kho qhov kev ntxiv reagent, pulp density, thiab aeration hauv kev rho tawm kub siv cyanide leaching. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog kev tawm tswv yim - cov ntawv nyeem sensor tiag tiag raug xa mus rau programmable logic controllers (PLC), uas tom qab ntawd kho qhov kev ntxiv ntawm cyanide, cov tshuaj reagents rhuav tshem, thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv leaching. Qhov no tshem tawm cov yuam kev dosing tes, ua kom nruj kev tswj hwm ntawm leaching kinetics, thiab txo qis kev siv cyanide.
Cov tswv yim tawm tswv yim txog cov txheej txheem suav nrog:
- Kev xav raws li txoj cai, uas teeb tsa cov ciam teb thiab cov nqi dosing raws li cov kev txwv ntawm cyanide concentration uas tau teeb tsa ua ntej.
- Kev ua kom zoo dua raws li qauv, uas txhais cov ntaub ntawv ntau lub sensor—cyanide, qhov ceev, pH, cov pa oxygen yaj—kom ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev rov qab tau kub.
- Kev ntsuas tas mus li hauv kab tso cai rau kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov dej kub los txhawb kev hloov kho hauv kev sib xyaw thiabkev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kua nplaum.
Cov tswv yim tswj kev tawm tswv yim tsis siv neeg txo qhov kev siv cyanide, cov tshuaj reagent pov tseg, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm lag luam qhia tau tias kev siv cyanide txo qis txog li 21%, nrog rau kev rov qab tau kub tseem zoo ib yam lossis txhim kho vim muaj cov tshuaj leachate zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem zoo. Kev rov qab tau kub los ntawm cyanide leachate tau txais txiaj ntsig ncaj qha los ntawm kev siv tshuaj reagent ruaj khov thiab tswj tau zoo.
Cov txheej txheem tawm tswv yim sib xyaw ua ke kuj txhawb nqa lwm txoj hauv kev los ntxuav kub uas tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov qib cyanide, txo cov pa phem, thiab ua kom zoo dua kev puas tsuaj lossiscov txheej txheem rov qab losKev ntsuas tshuaj tsis siv neeg raws li kev ntsuas online ua tau zoo dua li cov txheej txheem titration tes, uas qeeb dua thiab yooj yim dua rau kev tsis sib xws.
Hauv kev xaus lus, cov thev naus laus zis siab heev cyanide leaching ua ke kev ntsuas inline - xws liLonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter—nrog kev tswj cov lus teb tsis siv neeg. Txoj hauv kev no ua kom zoo dua txhua theem, txij li kev tshuaj xyuas qhov concentration ntawm cov pulp leachate mus rau kev kho thiab pov tseg cyanide leachate, tsav tsheb kom ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ua raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Kev Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Kev Txhim Kho Rov Qab
Cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua qub hauv cov txheej txheem leaching kub cyanide. Cov cuab yeej inline xws li Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter xa cov ntawv nyeem tseeb, txuas ntxiv ntawm cov cyanide concentration dawb thiab leachate density, muab cov neeg teb xov tooj nrog cov ntaub ntawv xav tau los kho cov kev ua haujlwm dynamic. Qhov no suav nrog kev tswj hwm cyanide dosing tsis siv neeg, uas tswj cov kab concentration thiab txo cov txheej txheem hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, kev tswj hwm cyanide dawb hauv ± 10% ntawm cov ntsiab lus teeb tsa ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ua haujlwm leaching zoo yam tsis muaj kev siv ntau dhau lossis poob kub, txawm tias thaum cov hlau zoo lossis throughput hloov pauv.
Kev hloov kho dynamic, ua haujlwm los ntawm kev saib xyuas cyanide tsis tu ncua, txhawb kev teb sai hauv kev tswj cov leach circuits. Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab, pub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag, txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm ob qho tib si underdosing (ua rau qis dua kub extraction rates) thiab overdosing (tsav tsheb nce nqi reagent thiab kev lav phib xaub ib puag ncig). Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm inline analyzers sib xyaw ua ke zoo nrog pulp leaching concentration analysis thiab density measurement workflows, qhia kev txiav txim siab ntawm mixer ceev, aeration rates, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb hauv kev rho tawm kub siv cyanide leaching.
Kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv mus rau sab qis: kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntws txhawb nqa cov pa roj carbon adsorption (CIP / CIL) thiab cov theem zinc precipitation, kho cov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem raws li qhov muaj cyanide tam sim no. Hauv cov txheej txheem adsorption carbon, cov qib cyanide raug saib xyuas kom meej tias cov pa roj carbon activated tsis mus txog qhov saturation ntxov lossis plam lub sijhawm ntes, thaum modulating pH thiab cov pa roj carbon nkag raws li cov qauv leach tiag tiag tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm adsorption kub siab dua 98% hauv cov ores nyuaj. Rau zinc precipitation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv pub nrog cov hlau hauv paus siab (xws li zinc thiab tooj liab), kev tswj hwm qhov zoo tshaj plaws cyanide seem concentration hauv kub leachate zam kev siv zinc ntau dhau thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tswj hwm - ncaj qha txhim kho cov nqi rov qab.
Cov txheej txheem SART, siv qhov twg cov hlau tseem ceeb muaj kev cuam tshuam loj, kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev ntsuas cyanide sib xyaw ua ke. Kev tswj hwm tsis siv neeg ntawm cov kauj ruam sulfidization thiab acidification, coj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cyanide dawb tiag tiag, ua tiav kev tshem tawm cov zinc thiab tooj liab, uas ua kom yooj yim rau kev rov ua dua cov kua cyanide rau kev leaching tas mus li. Qhov no txo kev siv cyanide tag nrho, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rov qab kub los ntawm cyanide leachate, thiab txhawb nqa lwm txoj hauv kev leaching kub uas zoo rau ib puag ncig.
Thaum txo qis kev siv cov tshuaj reagent, qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev saib xyuas cov cyanide concentration sai thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem tsis tuaj yeem hais dhau. Los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ntxiv cyanide ntau dhau, cov nroj tsuag txiav cov nqi ntau heev thiab txwv tsis pub muaj cov khib nyiab txaus ntshai. Tib lub sijhawm, kev tswj hwm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide zoo zam kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis tiav lossis kev ntes kub, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov kab ke hauv kab,vim lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov slurry turbidity lossis cov dej ntws hloov pauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau lub hom phiaj no - xa cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha, ua tau rau txhua theem ntawm kev kho thiab pov tseg cyanide leachate.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kub tau los ntawm kev sib dhos ntawm cov txheej txheem leach kub thiab cov txheej txheem rov qab los, txhua yam txhawb nqa los ntawm kev saib xyuas meej thiab txuas ntxiv mus. Kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem, qhia los ntawm cov ntsuas cyanide concentration thiab qhov ceev, tsim ib lub kaw lus kaw uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thaum txhim kho kev ruaj khov thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv kev leaching cyanide ntawm kub. Txoj hauv kev no tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm siv cov thev naus laus zis cyanide leaching siab heev hauv ob qho tib si cov txheej txheem leaching kub ib txwm muaj thiab tsis muaj cyanide, txuas ntxiv mus rau kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev rov qab los, thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem tswj hwm uas muaj zog.
Cov Txheej Txheem Rov Qab Tau Kub
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Kev Tswj Xyuas Ib Puag Ncig Hauv Kev Rho Kub Cyanide
Kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig zoo hauv cov txheej txheem leaching kub cyanide yog nyob ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom, kev kho mob, thiab kev tswj hwm cov cyanide leachates thiab tailings. Cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov txheej txheem tau nce qib los daws cov cyanide seem, txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab tib neeg.
Kev Tshem Tawm Cyanide Leachate, Kev Kho Mob, thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Quav Quav
Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov tshuaj cyanide leachate yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev rhuav tshem thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom cyanide. Kev oxidation tshuaj tseem yog tus qauv, hloov cov dawb thiab Weak Acid Dissociable (WAD) cyanide mus rau hauv cov qauv muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li cyanate, uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab yooj yim lwj. Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas online thiab cov tshuab uas ua kom cov cyanide saib xyuas tau hloov cov nroj tsuag mus rau kev tswj hwm ua ntej, txo cov tshuaj lom tso tawm.
Kev tswj cov khoom seem cia siab rau cov chaw khaws cov khoom seem (TSFs) uas tsim los kom muaj cov cyanide seem. Cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog kev siv ob lub liners, cov txheej txheem sau cov dej ntws, thiab kev saib xyuas dej sib npaug tas mus li. Cov kev tswj hwm engineering no pab tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau hauv av thiab kev ua qias tuaj ntawm dej saum npoo av. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm TSF tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw hloov kho rau cov yam ntxwv xws li huab cua hnyav thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm dej hauv cheeb tsam, nrog rau cov lus qhia kev nyab xeeb qhia txog kev ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv cov tsiaj txhu hauv zos thiab cov peev txheej dej.
Yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas dej kom zoo, suav nrog kev siv dej dua tshiab, kev kho ua ntej tso dej tawm, thiab kev npaj rau kev cuam tshuam TSF. Cov phiaj xwm npaj rau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv saib xyuas cov txheej txheem tam sim ntawd kom ua tiav sai dua yog tias muaj kev xau lossis ua tsis tiav.
Kev Saib Xyuas thiab Txo Cov Cyanide Concentrations Uas Tseem Muaj
Kev ua raws li txoj cai lij choj xav tau kev soj ntsuam tas mus li, kev daws teeb meem siab ntawm cov cyanide seem hauv cov pulp leaching thiab tailings effluent. Inline, real-time concentration ntsuas nrog cov thev naus laus zis xws li lubLonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meterthiab cov khoom siv lag luam siv cov ligand pauv amperometry ua rau muaj kev tshuaj xyuas meej ntawm cov cyanide dawb thiab WAD cyanide hom hauv cov kwj deg kub leachate.
Cov txheej txheem no txhawb nqa:
- Kev tswj hwm kev siv tshuaj cyanide tsis siv neeg, txo qis kev siv cov tshuaj reagent ntau dhau thaum tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev rov qab tau kub.
- Kev koom ua ke ncaj qha nrog cov txheej txheem rhuav tshem cyanide, ua kom muaj zog tswj hwm cov qauv tso tawm thiab cov ntawv tso cai ib puag ncig.
- Kev xa cov ntaub ntawv deb rau kev ua haujlwm khawb av faib tawm, txhim kho kev npog spatiotemporal thiab kev lav phib xaub ua haujlwm.
Kev soj ntsuam tas mus li ntawm qhov txwv tsis pub kuaj pom qis dua 10 ppb tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ua raws li cov kev cai nyab xeeb hauv tebchaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb. Cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg txo cov kev ua yuam kev kuaj tes, luv cov voj voog rov qab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab muab cov sijhawm luv luv rau kev kho cov teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem.
Txo Qhov Chaw Nyob Ib Puag Ncig Thaum Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Kev sib npaug ntawm kev rov qab tau kub los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig xav tau ntau dua li kev saib xyuas tas li. Cov thev naus laus zis rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cyanide tso cai rau kev siv cyanide rov qab hauv cov txheej txheem rho kub, txo qis cov khib nyiab lom thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm, thaum tswj hwm cov nqi rov qab tau kub. Kev siv cov txheej txheem no ua rau txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig thiab ua kom cov haujlwm ua raws li cov qauv kev ruaj khov thoob ntiaj teb.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov chaw khawb kub tab tom sim ntau dua lwm cov tshuaj reagents leaching thiab cov txheej txheem leaching kub uas tsis muaj cyanide, suav nrog thiosulfate, glycine, lossis cov kev xaiv biological uas zoo rau ib puag ncig. Qhov twg cyanide tsis tuaj yeem zam tau, kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov leachate kub thiab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov concentration ntawm pulp leaching txhawb nqa kev siv cov reagent zoo tshaj plaws, txo cov koob tshuaj uas xav tau thiab txo cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov tailings.
Cov txheej txheem tshiab, xws li kev txo qhov kev ci thiab kev sib cais sib nqus hauv kev ua cov tailings, txo qhov kev siv cyanide ntxiv thiab tso cai rau kev rov qab tau cov hlau muaj nqis ntawm cov kwj deg pov tseg. Cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw hais txog kev tsim kho chaw zoo, kev ua raws li txoj cai, thiab kev koom tes hauv zej zog los txo cov kev tso tawm tsis tau xav txog thiab xyuas kom meej tias kev tswj hwm hloov pauv tau, muaj kev paub txog kev pheej hmoo thoob plaws lub neej ntawm lub qhov av.
Cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov cheeb tsam xws li Kenya thiab Australia qhia tau hais tias kev siv cov kev coj ua no tas li txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv cyanide leaching, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov kev cai lij choj lossis kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.
Thaum kawg, kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig hauv kev rho cyanide kub xav tau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm nruj hauv kev tshem tawm cov leachate, kev saib xyuas kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam rau cov tailings thiab kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem. Txoj hauv kev sib koom ua ke no ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem thiab ecological thaum ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev rov qab tau kub zoo.
Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab hauv Kev Rho Kub Uas Tsis Muaj Cyanide
Cov txheej txheem tshiab los ntxuav kub uas tsis muaj cyanide tab tom nrov zuj zus vim tias kev lag luam khawb av tab tom nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab ruaj khov dua li cov txheej txheem ntxuav kub cyanide ib txwm muaj. Cov thev naus laus zis no daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb txog kev ua qias tuaj rau ib puag ncig, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab daim ntawv tso cai rau pej xeem, thaum thawb cov ciam teb ntawm kev rov qab tau kub.
Kev Tshem Tawm Thiosulfate
Kev rho tawm thiosulfate tau dhau los ua ib txoj kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj cyanide, ua rau muaj kev rho tawm kub ntawm cov ores refractory uas cuam tshuam kev rho tawm cyanide ib txwm muaj ntawm kub. Cov nqi rov qab tau kub tuaj yeem ncav cuag txog li 87% rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, muaj sulfide ntau - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ammonia thiab tooj liab ions muaj nyob ua cov catalysts. Cov khoom ntxiv, xws li ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab siv cov reagent tsawg dua, txo ob qho tib si tus nqi thiab qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Kev sib nqus ntawm cov tooj liab-ammonia-thiosulfate lixiviant ntxiv txhim kho kev ua haujlwm leaching, txhim kho cov nqi yaj thiab cov pa oxygen, ua rau kwv yees li 4.74% siab dua kev rho tawm kub piv rau cov txheej txheem tsis muaj magnetized. Txawm li cas los xij, kev rov qab tau yuav tseem txwv rau qee cov ores refractory ob chav qhov twg kub yog encapsulated los ntawm cov zaub mov, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov mineralogy rau kev xaiv cov txheej txheem.
Kev rho tawm Glycine
Glycine—ib hom amino acid uas ntuj tsim, lwj tau—kuj ua haujlwm ua ib yam tshuaj zoo rau kub. Cov txheej txheem leaching Glycine xa cov kev xaiv siab thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg kub ntau dua 90% ntawm qee cov ores thiab tailings qis thaum txhim kho los ntawm cov khoom ntxiv xws li tooj liab ions thiab kev kho ua ntej. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau lees paub rau nws cov qauv kev nyab xeeb zoo dua thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg rau av thiab dej, piv rau cyanide leachate. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab cov nqi reagent, nrog rau cov kev xav tau kev ua kom zoo dua rau cov ore, yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv. Cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam hauv Australia thiab Canada qhia txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev lag luam, tab sis kev ua tiav yog nyob ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm pulp leaching, kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem zoo, thiab kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov pub tshwj xeeb ntawm lub mine.
Kev Tshem Tawm Chloride thiab Halogen
Cov txheej txheem leaching raws li chloride thiab lwm yam halogens muab cov kev xaiv zoo rau cov refractory ores thiab cov tailings qub, daws cov xwm txheej uas cyanide leaching rau kev rho tawm kub raug teeb meem los ntawm cov mineral encapsulation lossis cov kev txwv kev cai. Heap leaching nrog cov oxidants xws li sodium hypochlorite thiab hydrochloric acid tuaj yeem txhim kho kev rov qab kub los ntawm refractory tailings los ntawm ntau dua 40%. Cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej acidic thiab zoo tshaj plaws ua ke nrog pretreatments xws li bio-oxidation lossis siab oxidation kom qhib kub tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv mineral thawj. Cov teeb meem ua haujlwm suav nrog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tuav reagent thiab kev tswj hwm kev ruaj khov tshuaj thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem. Kev ntsuam xyuas lub neej voj voog qhia txog qhov qis dua qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sov thoob ntiaj teb piv rau cov ntawv qhia cyanide ib txwm muaj, tab sis kuj qhia txog qhov xav tau rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nruj.
Cov Txheej Txheem Siv Reagent Siab Tshaj Plaws
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia txog cov tshuaj reagents tshiab uas tsom mus rau kev xaiv, sai, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm kev rho tawm kub. Cov txheej txheem raws li Sodium cyanate, thaum tsim nrog sodium hydroxide thiab sodium ferrocyanide ntawm qhov kub siab, qhia txog cov nqi leaching ntawm 87.56% hauv cov concentrates thiab siab dua 90% hauv kev siv e-pov tseg rov qab. Qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev xaiv tau muab rau sodium isocyanate ua hom tsiaj nquag. Cov txheej txheem CLEVR, siv sodium hypochlorite lossis hypobromite hauv lub kaw lus kaw, acidic, ua tiav ntau dua 95% kub tawm hauv ob peb teev, piv rau ntau dua 36 teev rau cov cyanidation qub. Txoj kev tsim cov khoom seem inert thiab tshem tawm tag nrho cov dej khib nyiab thiab cov pas dej tailings, ua rau nws nyiam rau qhov chaw uas kev kho mob thiab pov tseg cyanide leachate muaj teeb meem.
Ib txoj kev siv tshuaj lom neeg tandem siv cov hydroiodic acid tsim nyob rau hauv situ muab kev txhim kho ntxiv rau kev yaj kub los ntawm cov catalysts siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam, nrog rau kev txo qis cov reagent pov tseg thiab muaj zog kev lag luam. Cov txheej txheem no qhia tau tias, nrog rau cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem tiag tiag - xws li kev siv cov txheej txheem ntsuas cyanide dawb thiab kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov leachate kub - cov txheej txheem tsis muaj cyanide tuaj yeem sib tw lossis tshaj cyanide hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Sib Piv
Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo:Cov txheej txheem tsis muaj cyanide xws li magnetized thiosulfate thiab hypochlorite leaching muaj cov kinetics rho tawm thiab cov txiaj ntsig ze, lossis hauv qee qhov kev siv ntau dua, cov txheej txheem kub cyanide leaching. Cov txheej txheem Glycine kuj muab cov txiaj ntsig sib tw rau cov ores xaiv.
Kev Nyab Xeeb:Cov txheej txheem tsis muaj cyanide yuav luag tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lom tshuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog cov cyanide seem hauv cov dej kub. Cov chaw ua haujlwm zoo dua, thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo rau kev siv tshuaj lom neeg tau txo qis heev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ceev faj nrog cov oxidants thiab halogens tseem ceeb.
Kev Cuam Tshuam Ib puag ncig:Kev tso dej tawm uas tsis muaj cyanide ua rau muaj cov khib nyiab txaus ntshai tsawg dua, ua kom yooj yim rau kev kho thiab pov tseg cov dej tawm, thiab txo cov kev cuam tshuam rau dej thiab av. Kev ntsuam xyuas lub neej ntawm cov dej tawm lees paub tias muaj kev txhim kho zoo dua li cov kab ke cyanide, nrog rau cov kab ke kaw-loop thiab cov kab ke tsis muaj tshuaj lom ua cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev xaiv txoj kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev rho kub uas tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj yog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau, kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig hauv zos, thiab kev npaj ua haujlwm. Cov cuab yeej saib xyuas siab heev, xws li Lonnmeter ultrasonic concentration meter rau kev ntsuas cyanide, tseem ceeb rau txhua txoj kev ua haujlwm, ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev rho kub cyanidation - txawm tias muaj cyanide lossis tsis muaj - thiab txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm rho kub zoo thiab hloov pauv tau.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm cyanide dawb hauv cov txheej txheem leaching cyanide kub yog dab tsi?
Kev ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm cov cyanide dawb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching kub cyanide. Cov cyanide dawb sawv cev rau qhov feem ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw kub-cyanide, ua rau kub yaj rau hauv cov kua rau kev rho tawm. Kev tsis txaus cov cyanide dawb tuaj yeem txo qhov nrawm ntawm kev yaj kub, txo qhov txiaj ntsig tag nrho; cov cyanide ntau dhau ua rau kev siv cov tshuaj reagent pov tseg thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig thiab tus nqi txheej txheem. Cov tshuab ntsuas online tsis siv neeg, piv rau kev titration tes, xa cov kev saib xyuas tiag tiag uas tso cai rau kev tswj hwm dynamic ntawm cyanide dosing thiab txhawb nqa kev ua raws li cov qauv kev tso tawm nruj. Cov kev coj ua no txo cov tshuaj pov tseg thiab txhawb kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm, raws li pom hauv kev tshawb fawb qhov twg qhov concentration ntawm cov cyanide dawb zoo tshaj plaws nyob ib puag ncig 600 ppm ua rau muaj kev rov qab kub ntau tshaj plaws nrog kev txo qis ntawm ib puag ncig.
Qhov ceev ntawm cov leachate cuam tshuam li cas rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kub cyanide leaching?
Qhov ceev ntawm cov kua qaub (lossis cov pulp) cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pawg, kev sib tov, thiab kev muaj cyanide thiab oxygen rau kev yaj kub. Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev kom zoo txhim kho cov khoom kub uas raug rau cov tshuaj reagents thiab ua kom zoo dua qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke. Piv txwv li, kev txo qhov ceev ntawm cov pulp tuaj yeem ua rau kom rov qab tau kub los ntawm kev pab txhawb kev sib xyaw thiab kev sib cuag ntawm cov tshuaj reagents, thaum qhov ceev ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib tov tsis zoo thiab ua rau kev siv cyanide ntau ntxiv. Kev kho qhov ceev ntawm cov pulp, nrog rau cov yam xws li pH thiab kub, tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi rho tawm kub zoo dua thiab txo lub sijhawm sib tov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ores qib qis. Kev sim tau qhia tias qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom khov thiab cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem txo qhov kev siv cyanide ib nrab thaum ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ob npaug rau qee hom ore.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv Lonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter hauv kev saib xyuas qhov concentration ntawm pulp leaching yog dab tsi?
Lub Lonnmeter Ultrasonic Concentration Meter ua rau tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, kev soj ntsuam tiag tiag ntawm cov kua qaub thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov kua qaub. Nws txoj kev tsim ultrasonic clamp-on, tsis yog nuclear zam kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov slurries txaus ntshai, tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xau thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw corrosive. Lub cuab yeej xa cov kev ntsuas raug hauv 0.3% thiab sib koom ua ke nrog PLC / DCS cov txheej txheem tswj hwm rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua kev siv reagent thiab kho qhov dosing tam sim ntawd kom tswj tau qhov ruaj khov rov qab kub. Lub meter lub cev tsis tas yuav saib xyuas thiab cov khoom siv ruaj khov, tiv taus corrosion haum rau cov xwm txheej mining hnyav thiab txhawb kev ntseeg siab mus sij hawm ntev. Hauv cov ntawv thov xws li kub cyanide leaching mus rau dej iav tsim, Lonnmeter cov lus teb tiag tiag ua rau cov txheej txheem ruaj khov, txo cov khib nyiab, thiab pab txhawb rau kev ua raws li txoj cai.
Puas yuav ua tau kom rov qab tau kub yam tsis siv cyanide?
Yog lawm, muaj lwm txoj kev siv cov tshuaj cyanide uas tsis muaj kub los ntxuav. Cov txheej txheem siv thiosulfate, chloride systems, glycine, trichloroisocyanuric acid, thiab sodium cyanate reagents tau qhia tias cov nqi rov qab kub feem ntau tshaj 87–90%. Cov txheej txheem no tsis muaj tshuaj lom, siv tau dua, thiab tseem siv tau rau cov ores thiab cov khib nyiab hluav taws xob. Lawv txoj kev saws yuav nyob ntawm cov ore mineralogy, tus nqi, qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem, thiab cov cai hauv zos. Kev siv sib txawv: qee qhov project, zoo li REVIVE SSMB, qhia txog kev ruaj khov thiab kev ua tau zoo, thaum lwm tus ntsib teeb meem kev ua haujlwm thiab zej zog. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem tsis muaj cyanide muab cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig thiab ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb nruj dua, lawv qhov ua tau rau kev ua cov txheej txheem hauv kev lag luam yuav tsum xav txog cov nqi reagent thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm.
Vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb kom tswj tau qhov seem ntawm cyanide thaum lub sijhawm thiab tom qab cov txheej txheem ntxuav kub?
Kev tswj cov cyanide seem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm tib neeg. Cov cyanide seem hauv cov leachate muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lom thiab yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kom ua tau raws li cov cai thoob ntiaj teb. Cov txheej txheem xws li kev ua kom puas tsuaj ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, kev nqus ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated, thiab photocatalysis yog siv los txo cov cyanide ua ntej tso tawm cov dej khib nyiab. Kev tswj hwm kom zoo thaum lub sijhawm leaching ua rau muaj kev rov qab tau kub ntau tshaj plaws thiab txo cov cyanide seem ntau, txo cov kev xav tau kev kho mob hauv qab. Kev tsis ua raws li txoj cai ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj thiab muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv rau cov pej xeem nyob ze thiab cov ecosystem. Kev tswj hwm cyanide lub luag haujlwm ua raws li cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws los sib npaug cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam nrog kev saib xyuas ecological thiab txhawb nqa daim ntawv tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm mining.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-26-2025
