Kev tswj hwm cov kua dej tawg zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov thee methane rho tawm ntau tshaj plaws. Kev ntsuas viscosity tiag tiag daws cov teeb meem no los ntawm kev muab cov lus teb tam sim ntawd ntawm cov kua dej tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Cov chaw khaws cia thee methane (CBM), txhais los ntawm kev nkag mus tsawg thiab cov qauv microstructures nyuaj, xav tau kev tswj hwm meej ntawm cov khoom siv kua dej tawg kom ua tiav kev ua haujlwm hydraulic fracturing thiab kev rov qab zoo tshaj plaws methane.
Cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm tseem muaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev tawg gel tsis tiav, cov kua dej tawg tsis zoo, thiab kev tso methane tsis zoo. Kev tawg gel tsis tiav ua rau cov polymer residues khaws cia rau hauv cov thee seams, ua rau methane ntws tsis zoo thiab txo qis tus nqi rov qab. Kev ntws tsis zoo ntawm cov kua hydraulic fracturing ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau permeability, txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev rho tawm thiab ua rau lub sijhawm ntxuav qhov dej ntev dua. Cov teeb meem no ua ke txwv tsis pub tsim roj thiab ua rau cov nqi ua haujlwm nce siab.
Nkag Siab Txog Kev Rho Tawm Methane Hauv Coalbed
Coalbed Methane yog dab tsi?
Coalbed methane (CBM) yog ib hom roj av uas feem ntau nyob rau sab hauv ntawm cov thee nrog qee qhov nyob hauv lub network tawg ntawm cov thee seam. Tsis zoo li cov roj av ib txwm muaj, uas sib sau ua ke hauv cov pob zeb porous, CBM raug kaw hauv cov thee matrix vim yog cov thee cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb micropore thiab nws thaj chaw sab hauv loj. Methane raug tuav los ntawm cov rog adsorption, ua rau nws tso tawm nyob ntawm kev hloov pauv siab hauv lub pas dej thiab ntawm cov txheej txheem desorption hauv cov thee seam.
Cov chaw khaws cia CBM muaj cov teeb meem sib txawv piv rau kev rho tawm roj ib txwm muaj. Cov qauv porous media ob chav ntawm thee - cov pob zeb tawg ntuj (cleats) nrog rau micropores - txhais tau tias permeability feem ntau yog dictated los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm pob zeb tawg, thaum cov roj khaws cia yog tswj hwm los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov thee matrix. Cov nqi rho tawm tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntau vim muaj ntau yam kev ntxhov siab thiab geological heterogeneity. Kev o ntawm cov thee matrix, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum CO₂ txhaj tshuaj rau kev rov zoo dua (CO₂-ECBM), tuaj yeem txo qhov dav ntawm pob zeb tawg thiab qis dua permeability, txo cov roj ntws tab sis qee zaum txhim kho desorption los ntawm cov txheej txheem adsorption sib tw. Thee txoj kev nyiam rau kev hloov pauv sai hauv qab kev ntxhov siab thiab kev cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm lub qhov dej ua rau muaj kev nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm thiab xav tau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev txhawb nqa lub pas dej thiab kev tswj hwm dej ntws.
Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Nqus Pa Hauv Cov Roj Hnyav Thermal Recovery
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Dab tsi yog Thee Bed Methane?
Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Kua Fracturing hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm CBM
Cov kua dej tawg yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev rho tawm CBM, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab qhov xav tau qhib cov qhov sib txuas thee uas tsis muaj permeability thiab pab txhawb kev tso tawm thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov methane adsorbed. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua dej no suav nrog:
- Tsim thiab nthuav cov pob txha tawg kom txhim kho kev sib txuas ntawm cov thee matrix thiab qhov dej tsim khoom.
- Kev thauj cov proppants (cov khoom khov kho) tob rau hauv cov pob txha tawg kom txoj kev qhib rau cov pa roj ntws thaum lub siab raug tso tawm.
- Kev hloov kho cov teb kev ntxhov siab hauv zos kom ua kom zoo dua qhov geometry ntawm qhov tawg thiab ua kom muaj methane ntau tshaj plaws.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua dej tawg rau kev txhawb nqa CBM zoo yog:
- Qhov viscosity: Siab txaus los dai thiab nqa cov proppant, tab sis yuav tsum tawg yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov kua dej ntws rov qab thiab cov kua dej hydraulic fracturing rov qab. Viscosity tswj hwm seb cov proppants raug xa mus zoo li cas thiab cuam tshuam rau cov kua dej ntws rov qab viscosity, cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim siab gel breaking endpoint thiab tag nrho lub sijhawm rov qab.
- Kev Thauj Khoom Proppant: Lub peev xwm los khaws cov proppants kom dai thiab xyuas kom meej tias qhov chaw sib npaug yog qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov thee seams uas yooj yim tsim cov khoom me me lossis cov qauv tawg tsis sib xws. Cov thev naus laus zis kua tshiab, xws li cov kua roj viscosity siab (HVFRs) thiab cov khoom sib xyaw hydrophobic polymer / surfactant, tau tsim los ua kom zoo dua kev thauj mus los proppant thiab txhim kho cov zis methane nyob rau hauv ntau yam xwm txheej reservoir.
- Kev Ruaj Ntseg GelCov kua dej ua los ntawm gel—xws li cov kua silica gel uas muaj ntau yam sib txawv—yuav tsum tswj tau qhov ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub pas dej thiab qhov ntsev, tiv taus kev tawg ua ntej lub sijhawm kom txog thaum kev txhawb nqa tiav. Kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg gel thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kua dej tawg gel hauv kev tawg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev ntws rov qab hauv kev rho tawm methane hauv cov thee thiab zam kev tawg gel tsis tiav, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev rov qab los ntawm cov kua dej thiab ua rau lub pas dej puas tsuaj.
Cov kev tsim kho tshiab tau ua nrog cov tshuaj ntxiv rau gel breaking los tswj lub sijhawm thiab qhov dav ntawm gel break, ua rau cov neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua cov tshuaj gel breaker, txhim kho cov kua hydraulic fracturing rov qab, thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Kev saib xyuas kev nce qib xws li kev ntsuas viscosity tiag tiag tau dhau los ua tus qauv los kho cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm, kom ntseeg tau tias cov kua fracturing ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem methane hydraulic fracturing.
Cov kua dej tawg hydraulic txuas ntxiv mus rau kev hloov pauv rau CBM kev ua haujlwm, tsav los ntawm qhov xav tau kev tso proppant zoo, kev tawg gel txhim khu kev qha, thiab kev rho tawm methane siab tshaj plaws los ntawm cov qauv sib txuas thee.
Kev Ua Gel Breaking: Cov Tswv Yim thiab Cov Ntsiab Lus Tswj Xyuas Tseem Ceeb
Gel Break thiab Gel Breaking Endpoint yog dab tsi?
Gel tawg yog hais txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov polymer gels siv rau hauv kev tawg cov kua dej thaum lub sijhawm rho tawm cov methane hauv cov thee. Cov gels no, tseem ceeb rau kev ncua cov proppants thiab tswj cov kua viscosity, yuav tsum hloov pauv ntawm cov gel viscosity siab mus rau cov kua viscosity qis rau kev ntws rov qab zoo. Lubgel tawg qhov kawgyog lub sijhawm uas viscosity poob qis dua qhov txwv tsis pub dhau, qhia tias cov gel tsis cuam tshuam kev txav mus los ntawm cov kua hauv lub pas dej thiab tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim los ntawm kev tsim.
Kev ua tiav qhov kawg ntawm kev tawg gel kom raug hauv hydraulic fracturing flowback yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Qhov kawg uas raug teem sijhawm kom zoo ua kom cov kua tawg rov qab sai thiab tiav, txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom, thiab ua kom muaj methane ntau tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li, cov tshuab tawg gel uas tso tawm tas mus li - xws li mesoporous SiO₂ nanoparticles lossis bio-enzyme breakers - tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj lub sijhawm thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg gel, kho cov kab viscosity kom phim cov xwm txheej ntawm lub pas dej thiab cov kev xav tau ua haujlwm. Kev sim hauv thaj teb qhia tau tias kev saib xyuas viscosity tiag tiag thiab kev tso tawm breaker ntse sib raug zoo nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm kev ntws rov qab thiab cov nqi rho tawm methane.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tawg Gel tsis tiav
Kev tawg gel tsis tiav yuav tso cov polymers lossis cov gel seem nyob hauv lub pas dej thee thiab lub network tawg. Cov seem no tuaj yeem txhaws qhov chaw, txo qhov permeability ntawm lub pas dej, thiab ua rau methane desorption puas tsuaj. Qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv tsim no txwv tsis pub cov pa roj txav mus los, ua rau cov khoom qis dua thiab cuam tshuam rau kev rov qab tau cov kua hydraulic fracturing zoo.
Ntxiv mus, kev tawg tsis tiav ua rau cov dej khaws cia rau hauv cov thee sib txuas. Cov dej ntau dhau no thaiv cov pa roj ntws thiab txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tawg hydraulic flowback. Piv txwv li, kev tshawb fawb sib piv qhia tau hais tias cov kua dej hydrophobic polymer / surfactant tshiab ua tiav kev tawg gel tiav thiab tso cov khoom seem tsawg dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, ua rau muaj kev rov qab los ntawm cov thee methane ntau dua. Kev cuam tshuam xws li kev kho kua qaub tom qab kev tawg tau pom tias rov qab tau permeability, tab sis kev tiv thaiv tseem zoo dua los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg gel.
Kev Ua Kom Zoo Dua ntawm Gel Breaker Dosage
Kev ua kom cov gel breaker concentration zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tawg cov kua gel. Lub hom phiaj yog siv cov tshuaj ntxiv rau gel breaker kom txaus—xws li bio-enzymes, cov tshuaj oxidants ib txwm muaj, lossis cov nanoparticle-encapsulated breakers—kom rhuav cov gel yam tsis muaj cov tshuaj ntau dhau hauv lub tank. Kev noj ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau poob viscosity thaum lub sijhawm tso proppant, thaum kev noj tsawg dhau ua rau gel tawg tsis tiav thiab cov khoom seem sib sau ua ke.
Cov tswv yim siv tshuaj ntau ntxiv siv cov txheej txheem encapsulated breaker lossis cov qauv enzyme uas ua rau kub los sib npaug lub sijhawm txo gel. Piv txwv li, encapsulated sulfamic acid hauv urea-formaldehyde resin tso cai rau kev tso tawm breaker maj mam tsim nyog rau cov qauv kub siab, ua kom ntseeg tau tias viscosity poob qis tsuas yog thaum pib ntws rov qab. Cov cuab yeej saib xyuas viscosity tiag tiag muab cov lus tawm tswv yim uas pab kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm gel breaker hauv cov kua dej tawg, txhawb kev cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd yog tias qhov viscosity profile txawv ntawm txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm.
Piv txwv los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig: Thaum cov tshuaj breaker raug phim rau cov kua dej fracturing viscosity thiab qhov kub ntawm lub reservoir, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua tiav cov kua dej fracturing flowback sai dua, txo cov tshuaj seem, thiab txhim kho cov methane yields. Qhov sib piv, cov txheej txheem tshuaj generic feem ntau ua rau muaj kev ncua sijhawm lossis tsis tiav flowback, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag thiab cov breaker concentration rau cov txheej txheem fracturing methane hydraulic hauv coalbed.
Kev Soj Ntsuam Xyuas Qhov Ntsws Ntawm Cov Kua Dej Uas Muaj Qhov Sib Txawv: Cov Kev Qhia thiab Cov Txuj Ci
Cov Txheej Txheem rau Kev Ntsuas Fracturing Fluid Viscosity
Kev rho tawm methane niaj hnub no vam khom kev tswj cov kua dej fracturing viscosity.Kev ntsuas viscosity onlinethiab cov thev naus laus zis sensor tiag tiag tso cai rau cov neeg teb xov tooj kom taug qab viscosity tas li thaum lub sijhawm hydraulic fracturing flowback. Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb suav nrogLonnmeterIn-Line Viscometer, uas yog tsim los rau cov xwm txheej nyuaj thiab ua tau raws li cov qauv API rau kev kuaj viscosity. Nws qhov kev ruaj khov haum rau kev ua haujlwm CBM siab, kev ntws siab thiab tso cai rau kev saib xyuas tas mus li ntawm cov thoob sib tov lossis cov twj tso kua mis.
Cov txheej txheem kuaj mob ib txwm muaj, xws li cov ntsuas viscosity tig, suav nrog kev sau cov qauv thiab ntsuas viscosity los ntawm lub zog torque uas xav tau los tig lub spindle ntawm qhov ceev tas li. Raucov kua dej uas tsis yog NewtonianFeem ntau siv rau hauv CBM hydraulic fracturing techniques, cov kev hloov pauv hauv chav kuaj muab qhov tseeb siab tab sis qeeb, ua rau muaj kev ncua sij hawm kuaj, thiab feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ntes cov kev hloov pauv viscosity hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag. Cov txheej txheem ultraviolet thiab computer-vision-based rau kev kwv yees viscosity tau tshwm sim rau kev tshuaj xyuas high-throughput tab sis tseem feem ntau yog kuaj hauv chav kuaj.
Cov ntsuas viscometer vibrational, xws li cov hom vibrating-rod, ncaj qha ntsuas viscosity hauv thaj teb los ntawm kev ntes vibrational damping lossis resonance alteration. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau muaj kev ntsuam xyuas sai, txuas ntxiv mus thaum lub sijhawm flowback hydraulic fracturing.
Kev Soj Ntsuam Lub Sijhawm Tiag Tiag piv rau Kev Kuaj Qauv Ib Txwm Muaj
Kev saib xyuas viscosity tiag tiag muab cov neeg teb xov tooj cov lus teb tam sim ntawd rau kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem. Inline viscometers thiab sensor systems xa cov ntawv nyeem tsis siv neeg, txuas ntxiv yam tsis muaj kev ncua sij hawm cuam tshuam nrog kev sau cov qauv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas hauv chaw kuaj mob. Qhov kev teb no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm cov dej ntws rov qab hauv kev rho tawm methane coalbed, vim tias kev kuaj pom ntxov ntawm kev tawg gel tsis tiav ua rau muaj kev hloov kho sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj gel breaker thiab kev ua kom zoo dua. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj ntxiv gel breaker uas tso tawm tas mus li, xws li paraffin-coated silica nanoparticles, xav tau lub sijhawm lawv ua haujlwm nrog qhov poob viscosity tiag tiag, tsuas yog ua tau nrog cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag. Qhov sib piv, kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob tsis tuaj yeem ntes cov kev hloov pauv sai, ncua kev kho thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov qab ua kua hydraulic fracturing tsis zoo.
Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj ntxiv uas ua los ntawm enzyme thiab CO₂-responsive gel breaking chemicals vam khom cov lus teb tam sim ntawd txog cov qauv viscosity. Kev ntsuas viscosity tas mus li txhawb nqa kev siv tshuaj dynamic thiab kev ua haujlwm, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm gel breaker hauv cov kua dej tawg thiab ua kom zoo dua thaum siv cov txheej txheem methane hydraulic fracturing los ntawm coalbed.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag suav nrog:
- Kev teb sai dua rau cov kev hloov pauv viscosity thaum lub sijhawm tawg kua dej rov qab.
- Txo cov khoom pov tseg thiab ua kom cov khoom sib xyaw zoo dua.
- Kev koom ua ke ncaj qha rau hauv kev tswj cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem kev cai lij choj.
Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb uas Yuav Tsum Tau Tshawb Xyuas
Qhov qhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev saib xyuas cov kua hydraulic fracturing yog flowback fluid viscosity. Kev taug qab qhov parameter no hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag qhia txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm gel breaking thiab breaker efficiency. Kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv flowback fluid viscosity teeb liab seb gel breaking tiav lawm, xav tau kev txiav txim siab kawg thiab kev siv breaker ntxiv. Kev kawm tshuab thiab kev ua cov teeb liab siab heev, xws li kev rhuav tshem hom empirical, txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj hauv kev lag luam, ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nkag siab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm fracturing.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag suav nrog:
- Kub thiab siab ntawm cov kua dej ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntsuas.
- Tus nqi txiav hauv cov kab ntws.
- Cov khoom ua qias tuaj thiab cov khoom me me uas cuam tshuam rau kev nyeem viscosity.
- Tus nqi thiab kev sib xws ntawm viscosity poob qis tom qab ntxiv breaker.
Thaum cov viscosity txo qis sai sai, cov neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem lees paub qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tawg gel thiab txo qhov kev siv breaker tsis tsim nyog. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tawg gel tsis tiav ua rau muaj viscosity siab tas li, xav tau kev kho tam sim ntawd.
Hauv kev xaus lus, kev saib xyuas tas mus li ntawm cov kua dej ntws rov qab muab cov lus teb rov qab tiag tiag rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem tawg gel, txhawb kev txiav txim siab txog qhov kawg ntawm kev tawg gel, thiab txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm kev hloov kho kom zoo rau kev rov qab tau cov kua dej hydraulic fracturing hauv kev rho tawm methane hauv cov thee.
Daim Ntawv Thov thiab Kev Koom Tes hauv Coalbed Methane Extraction
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Viscosity Tam Sim No rau Kev Txheeb Xyuas Qhov Kawg ntawm Gel Breaking
Cov lus teb tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kom paub meej qhov kawg ntawm kev tawg gel hauv cov kua tawg. Inline viscometers ntes cov kev hloov pauv tas mus li hauv cov khoom ntawm cov kua thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem tawg hydraulic, kom ntseeg tau tias kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua gelled mus rau cov kua tawg tau raug taug qab. Txoj hauv kev no tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev txhaj tshuaj gel breaker ua ntej lub sijhawm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev thauj khoom proppant tsis tiav thiab txo qis kev coj ua tawg. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag kuj txo qis kev ncua sijhawm hauv kev tawg gel uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ntws rov qab, ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau kev tsim, lossis ua rau cov nqi tshuaj nce ntxiv.
Cov cuab yeej ntsuas cov duab npuas uas siv lub teeb pom kev zoo tau raug lees paub rau kev siv hauv cov qhov dej methane (CBM) uas muaj cov thee, muab kev ntes tau sai ntawm cov roj-kua ntws uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov kua viscosity. Cov cuab yeej no sib koom ua ke nrog cov khoom siv hauv qhov dej thiab muab kev nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm cov gel tawg dynamics, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ntau theem ntws cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj ntawm CBM rho tawm. Los ntawm kev siv cov qauv viscosity dynamic es tsis txhob siv cov nqi txiav tawm zoo li qub, cov neeg ua haujlwm ua tiav kev tswj hwm zoo dua ntawm qhov kawg ntawm gel tawg, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg gel tsis tiav thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Kev Kho Kom Zoo Dua ntawm Gel Breaker Dosage
Cov lus teb rov qab viscosity ua rau muaj kev ntsuas qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj gel breaker hauv qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ntse, nruab nrog cov cuab yeej kuaj av nkos thiab cov voj voog rov qab sib xyaw ua ke ntawm sensor, kho qhov nrawm ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj breaker hauv kev teb ncaj qha rau cov ntaub ntawv cov kua dej nyob. Txoj hauv kev tsav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem tawg gel hauv cov txheej txheem methane hydraulic fracturing hauv coalbed.
Cov khoom tawg gel uas muaj encapsulated—xws li urea-formaldehyde resin thiab sulfamic acid variants—tau tsim los tswj kev tso tawm, tiv thaiv kev txo qis viscosity txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab. Kev sim hauv chav kuaj pom tseeb tias lawv ua haujlwm tau ntev thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, txhawb nqa cov tswv yim hloov kho tsis siv neeg hauv daim teb. Cov khoom tawg bio-enzyme-enhanced ntxiv txhim kho kev xaiv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum qhov kub thiab txias thiab shear profiles hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm fracturing fluid flowback. Cov khoom sib xyaw ntse no txo cov viscosity kom qis dua 10 cP ntawm 100 s⁻¹ shear rate, ncaj qha pab txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm gel breaking thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv.
Cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog kev tso tawm cov methane ntau dua los ntawm cov thee seams, kev rov qab tau cov kua dej tawg zoo dua, thiab txo qis kev siv tshuaj lom neeg tag nrho. Cov txheej txheem breaker dosing tsis siv neeg txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho tsis txaus thiab kev kho ntau dhau, ua rau kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj ntxiv gel breaking nrog cov khib nyiab tsawg dua.
Kev Cuam Tshuam rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback
Kev saib xyuas cov qauv viscosity thaum lub sijhawm flowback hydraulic fracturing yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kwv yees thiab luv lub sijhawm flowback hauv CBM extraction. Cov qauv analytical siv cov ntaub ntawv viscosity tiag tiag thiab cov khoom sib npaug sib npaug tau ua pov thawj tias kev rov qab zoo dua ntawm cov kua dej fracturing, ua rau rov qab mus rau kev tsim roj sai dua. Cov neeg ua haujlwm siv cov ntaub ntawv no los tsom mus rau qhov kawg ntawm gel tawg thiab ua kom nrawm dua flowback, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj mus sij hawm ntev thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pas dej.
Kev sim ua qauv ntawm fractal fracture network thiab tracer kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev tswj hwm viscosity-responsive ua rau kom muaj qhov ntim ntawm qhov tawg thiab tiv thaiv kev kaw ua ntej lub sijhawm. Kev tshuaj xyuas sib piv ntawm thawj zaug thiab theem ob flowback lub sijhawm qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tswj viscosity hauv kev tswj hwm cov nqi tsim khoom siab thiab txo cov kua dej hauv cov thee matrix. Los ntawm kev koom ua ke tracer feedback nrog kev saib xyuas viscosity tiag tiag, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev txawj ntse ua tau rau kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov kua dej ntws rov qab hauv CBM qhov dej.
Kev koom ua ke nrog CO₂ Fracturing rau Coalbed Methane
CO₂ kev ua haujlwm methane uas tawg los ntawm cov thee ua rau muaj kev cov nyom tshwj xeeb rau kev tswj cov kua dej ntws rov qab. Kev qhia txog CO₂-responsive surfactants ua rau muaj kev hloov kho viscosity sai, tiag tiag, pab txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua dej thiab qhov kub ntawm lub pas dej thaum lub sijhawm txhawb nqa. Cov kev tshawb fawb sim qhia tau tias cov surfactant concentration siab dua thiab cov CO₂ thickeners ua rau muaj kev sib npaug sai dua hauv viscosity, uas txhawb nqa kev tawg thiab kev tso pa roj zoo dua.
Cov xov hluav taws xob tshiab thiab cov tshuab telemetry muab cov lus teb tam sim ntawd txog cov khoom sib xyaw ua kua thiab lawv qhov kev sib cuam tshuam nrog CO₂, tso cai rau kev hloov kho dynamic on-the-fly rau cov kua dej thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav. Qhov no txhim kho kev tswj hwm ntawm gel tawg kinetics thiab txo qhov tsis tiav gel tawg, kom ntseeg tau tias kev txhawb nqa qhov dej ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Hauv cov xwm txheej CO₂ ua npuas ncauj gel tawg, cov qauv tswj cov viscosity siab dua 50 mPa · s thiab txo qhov puas tsuaj ntawm lub hauv paus qis dua 19%. Kev kho kom zoo rau lub sijhawm thiab cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov khoom ntxiv gel tawg yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias cov feem CO₂ nce ntxiv, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov nqi shear hloov pauv tus cwj pwm rheological sai sai. Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag, ua ke nrog cov khoom ntxiv ntse-teb, txhawb nqa ob qho tib si kev tswj hwm txheej txheem thiab kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua cov kua dej hydraulic fracturing rov qab thiab txo qis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv.
Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback thiab Cov Dej Tsim Tawm rau Kev Tshem Tawm CO2
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Txhim Kho Cov Txiaj Ntsig Ib puag ncig thiab Kev Lag Luam
Txo Cov Khoom Siv Kho Dej Flowback
Kev siv cov kua dej fracturing gel breaking zoo tshaj plaws, uas tau ntsuas qhov viscosity tiag tiag thiab cov tshuaj gel breaker kom raug, ua rau cov polymer seem hauv cov kua dej rov qab tsawg dua. Qhov no ua rau kev kho dej hauv qab dej yooj yim dua, vim tias cov gel seem tsawg dua ua rau muaj kev txhaws tsawg dua hauv cov khoom siv lim dej thiab txo qhov xav tau cov tshuaj kho mob. Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem cavitation siv cov microbubble collapse los cuam tshuam cov pa phem thiab cov gel seem, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dua hauv cov chaw kho dej thiab txo qis cov membrane fouling pom hauv cov txheej txheem reverse osmosis thiab forward osmosis.
Cov kua dej rov qab huv dua kuj txo qis kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig, vim tias cov gels thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg dua txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm tsawg dua rau cov av thiab dej paug ntawm cov chaw pov tseg lossis rov siv dua. Cov kev tshawb fawb lees paub tias kev tawg gel tag nrho - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov bio-enzyme gel breakers - ua rau muaj kev lom tsawg dua, cov khoom seem tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab kev ua kom tawg zoo dua, txhawb nqa kev rov qab tau methane zoo thiab ua kom yooj yim dua rau kev siv dej dua yam tsis muaj kev nce nqi ntau. Kev sim hauv thaj teb hauv Ordos Basin qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm no, txuas kev tawg gel tag nrho ncaj qha rau kev txhim kho dej zoo thiab txo cov kev cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Kev Txuag Nyiaj Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Txhim Kho Cov Khoom Siv
Kev siv cov kua gel fracturing fluid zoo ua rau lub sijhawm luv dua rau kev siv hydraulic fracturing flowback hauv kev rho tawm methane hauv cov thee. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm kev siv gel breaking thiab kev siv gel breaker kom zoo, cov neeg ua haujlwm txo ob qho tib si qhov ntim ntawm cov kua flowback uas xav tau kev kho thiab tag nrho lub sijhawm uas lub qhov dej yuav tsum nyob hauv hom kev rov qab tom qab kev tawg. Qhov kev txo qis ntawm lub sijhawm rov qab ua rau kev txuag dej ntau thiab txiav kev siv tshuaj rau kev kho, txo tag nrho cov nuj nqis ua haujlwm.
Cov txheej txheem siab heev—xws li cov khoom tawg gel SiO₂ nanoparticle mesoporous uas tso tawm tas mus li thiab cov kev daws teeb meem bio-enzyme—txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tawg gel hla ntau qhov kub thiab txias, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom seem puas sai thiab huv si. Yog li ntawd, kev rov qab los ntawm cov kua dej ua rau ob qho tib si sai dua thiab huv dua, txo lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm thiab txhim kho kev siv cov peev txheej. Kev tshem tawm methane ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov thee tau pom vim muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov txhaws, tsav tsheb cov nqi tsim roj pib siab dua. Cov kev tshawb fawb txog thee hauv Illinois lees paub tias cov khoom seem gel tuaj yeem ua rau methane thiab CO₂ sorption puas tsuaj, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawg gel tiav rau kev tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm siv kev saib xyuas viscosity tiag tiag tau ua pov thawj tias kev tswj hwm cov kua tawg zoo dua, txhais tau tias ua rau muaj kev siv cov peev txheej zoo dua. Kev nqis peev ua ntej hauv cov txheej txheem gel breaker siab heev thiab cov thev naus laus zis saib xyuas tiag tiag ua rau muaj kev txuag nyiaj txiag los ntawm kev txo cov nqi ntxuav, txo qis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom tsim, thiab muaj zog dua cov pa roj. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab no tam sim no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tab tom nrhiav kev txo qis kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm fracturing methane hydraulic hauv coalbed.
Cov Tswv Yim Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Siv Kev Soj Ntsuam Viscosity Tiag Tiag
Kev Xaiv thiab Kev Tso Cov Cuab Yeej
Kev xaiv cov viscosity sensors tsim nyog rau coalbed methane extraction yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog ntau yam qauv:
- Kev Ntsuas Ntau Yam:Cov sensors yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau tag nrho cov spectrum ntawm fracturing fluid viscosities, suav nrog kev hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm gel breaking thiab flowback.
- Lub Sijhawm Teb:Cov sensors teb sai yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev taug qab cov kev hloov pauv sai hauv cov kua dej tawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj ntxiv thiab cov xwm txheej ntws rov qab. Cov lus teb rov qab tiag tiag txhawb nqa kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov tshuaj gel breaker thiab txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm cov gel tawg.
- Kev Sib Haum Xeeb:Cov sensors yuav tsum tiv taus kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv rau gel tawg, cov kua CO2, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw proppant. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tiv taus cov xwm txheej hydraulic hnyav, hloov pauv uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv CBM fracturing circuits.
Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov viscosity sensors yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ntseeg siab:
- Cov Cheeb Tsam Ua Haujlwm Siab Hydraulic:Cov sensors ntsia ze lossis nyob rau hauv cov kab xa dej tawg - sab saud thiab sab hauv qab ntawm cov ntsiab lus txhaj tshuaj gel breaker - ntes cov kev hloov pauv viscosity ncaj qha rau kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm.
- Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Nqus Dej Rov Qab:Kev tso cov sensors ntawm cov ntsiab lus sau thiab tso tawm thawj zaug ua rau muaj kev ntsuam xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm gel tawg, teeb meem tsis tiav ntawm gel tawg, thiab viscosity ntawm cov kua dej ntws rov qab rau kev rov qab tau cov kua hydraulic fracturing.
- Kev Xaiv Qhov Chaw Uas Muaj Cov Ntaub Ntawv:Bayesian kev tsim qauv sim thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas qhov rhiab heev tsom mus rau cov sensors rau thaj chaw uas muaj qhov xav tau siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, txo qhov tsis paub meej thiab ua kom muaj kev sawv cev ntawm kev saib xyuas viscosity.
Piv txwv li:Cov ntsuas viscometer hauv kabkev sib xyaw ncaj qha rau hauv cov ntu tseem ceeb ntawm lub voj voog tawg ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem tas mus li, thaum cov sensor arrays me me uas tsim los ntawm kev siv QR factorization tswj tau qhov ruaj khov nrog tsawg dua cov khoom siv.
Kev Sib Koom Tes Nrog Cov Txheej Txheem CBM Uas Twb Muaj Lawm
Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm kev saib xyuas viscosity tiag tiag suav nrog kev txhim kho kev txawj ntse thiab kev hloov kho cov haujlwm:
- Cov Kev Txhim Kho Dua Tshiab:Cov kab ke tawg uas twb muaj lawm feem ntau siv cov sensors inline—xws li cov yeeb nkab viscometers—los ntawm kev sib txuas flanged lossis threaded. Kev xaiv cov sensors nrog cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus hauv network (Modbus, OPC) ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke zoo.
- Kev Sib Koom Tes SCADA:Kev txuas cov viscosity sensors rau cov kab ke Supervisory Control thiab Data Acquisition (SCADA) thoob plaws qhov chaw ua rau kev sau cov ntaub ntawv tsis siv neeg, lub tswb ceeb toom rau cov viscosity tsis raws li qhov tau teev tseg, thiab kev tswj hwm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua dej tawg.
- Kev Kawm Rau Cov Kws Tshaj Lij Hauv Tebchaws:Cov kws kho tshuab yuav tsum kawm tsis yog tsuas yog kev siv lub sensor xwb tab sis kuj yuav tsum kawm txog cov txheej txheem txhais cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kev kawm suav nrog kev ntsuas cov txheej txheem, kev lees paub cov ntaub ntawv, kev daws teeb meem, thiab kev hloov kho cov tshuaj ntxiv rau cov gel raws li cov txiaj ntsig viscosity tiag tiag.
- Siv cov ntaub ntawv Viscosity:Cov dashboards tiag tiag pom cov qauv hauv kev tawg cov kua viscosity, txhawb kev hloov kho tam sim ntawd rau cov tshuaj gel breaker thiab tswj cov dej ntws rov qab hauv kev rho tawm methane hauv cov thee. Piv txwv li: Cov txheej txheem dosing tsis siv neeg siv cov lus teb sensor los ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem tawg gel thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg gel tsis tiav.
Txhua txoj kev npaj—xws li kev xaiv cov sensor, qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws, kev koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab kev txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm tas mus li—ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev saib xyuas viscosity tiag tiag xa cov ntaub ntawv ua tau los ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem fracturing coalbed methane hydraulic thiab ua kom zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau
1. Cov pa roj methane uas muab tso rau hauv cov thee yog dab tsi thiab nws txawv li cas ntawm cov roj av ib txwm muaj?
Cov pa roj methane uas muaj cov thee (CBM) yog cov pa roj ntuj uas khaws cia rau hauv cov thee sib txuas, feem ntau yog cov pa roj uas nqus tau rau ntawm qhov chaw thee. Tsis zoo li cov pa roj ntuj ib txwm muaj, uas pom muaj cov pa roj dawb hauv cov pob zeb uas muaj qhov porous xws li sandstones thiab carbonates, CBM muaj qhov porosity qis thiab permeability. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov pa roj raug khi nruj nreem, thiab kev rho tawm vam khom kev tshem dej thiab kev txo qis siab kom tso cov methane tawm ntawm cov thee matrix. Cov chaw khaws cia CBM kuj muaj ntau yam sib txawv, feem ntau muaj cov biogenic lossis thermogenic methane. Kev tawg hydraulic yog qhov tseem ceeb rau CBM tsim khoom, xav tau kev tswj hwm kev ntws rov qab thiab gel tawg kom ua kom cov roj rov qab zoo tshaj plaws thiab txo qis kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev tsim.
2. Gel break hauv kev ua kua dej tawg yog dab tsi?
Gel tawg yog hais txog cov txheej txheem kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kua dej tawg uas muaj viscosity siab uas siv thaum lub sijhawm hydraulic fracturing. Cov kua no, feem ntau yog ua kom tuab nrog cov polymers, raug txhaj rau hauv lub pas dej kom tsim cov pob tawg thiab nqa cov xuab zeb lossis proppant. Tom qab tawg, cov gel breakers—feem ntau yog enzyme-based, nanoparticle, lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg—raug ntxiv los txo cov viscosity los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov saw polymer. Thaum cov gel tawg, cov kua hloov mus rau qhov viscosity qis, ua rau muaj kev ntws rov qab zoo, txo cov khoom seem, thiab txhim kho kev tsim cov methane.
3. Kev saib xyuas viscosity tiag tiag pab tau li cas rau kev tawg kua gel?
Kev saib xyuas viscosity tiag tiag muab cov ntaub ntawv tam sim ntawd, txuas ntxiv mus txog qhov viscosity ntawm cov kua dej tawg thaum gel tawg. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg teb xov tooj kom:
- Txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm qhov tawg gel thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tawg tag.
- Kho cov tshuaj gel breaker kom raws sijhawm, tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj breaker ntau dhau lossis tsis kho kom zoo.
- Tshawb nrhiav cov kev hloov pauv tsis zoo (viscosity siab, kev ua qias tuaj) thiab teb sai sai.
- Txhim kho cov kua dej ntws rov qab kom sai dua, huv dua thiab txhim kho CBM kev rho tawm zoo dua.
Piv txwv li, hauv CBM qhov dej, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob telemetry thiab downhole sensors coj lub sijhawm thiab koob tshuaj ntawm gel breaker txhaj tshuaj, txo cov kev pheej hmoo ua haujlwm thiab lub sijhawm voj voog.
4. Vim li cas qhov kev siv tshuaj gel breaker kom zoo tshaj plaws thiaj li tseem ceeb rau kev rho tawm cov methane hauv cov thee?
Kev siv cov tshuaj gel breaker kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom ntseeg tau tias cov polymers gel puas tsuaj tag nrho yam tsis ua rau lub pas dej puas tsuaj. Yog tias cov tshuaj tsawg dhau, cov gel residue tuaj yeem thaiv cov qhov hws, txo qhov permeability thiab methane tsim tawm. Kev siv cov tshuaj breaker ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov viscosity poob sai lossis kev puas tsuaj rau tshuaj lom neeg. Kev siv cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws—feem ntau ua tiav nrog cov nanoparticles lossis bio-enzymes—ua rau:
- Kev puas tsuaj tsawg kawg nkaus thiab kev khaws cia cov khoom seem
- Kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov kua dej ntws rov qab
- Cov nqi kho dej tom qab ntws rov qab qis dua
- Txhim kho kev tso pa methane thiab kev tsim khoom tag nrho.
5. Cov laj thawj thiab kev phom sij ntawm kev tawg gel tsis tiav hauv CBM extraction yog dab tsi?
Kev tawg gel tsis tiav yuav tshwm sim los ntawm:
- Tsis txaus gel breaker concentration lossis lub sijhawm tsis raug
- Kev sib xyaw thiab faib cov kua dej tsis zoo hauv qhov dej
- Cov xwm txheej tsis zoo ntawm lub pas dej (kub, pH, tshuaj lom neeg ntawm dej)
Tej yam txaus ntshai muaj xws li:
- Cov kua dej ntws rov qab siab heev, ua rau kev ntxuav tsis zoo
- Cov polymers seem thaiv cov qhov pore, ua rau puas tsuaj rau cov qauv tsim
- Cov nqi rov qab tau methane qis dua vim muaj kev txwv ntawm txoj kev tso tawm
- Cov nqi kho dej thiab kho qhov dej ntau ntxiv
Piv txwv li, kev siv cov tshuaj tawg ib txwm muaj yam tsis muaj kev saib xyuas tiag tiag yuav ua rau cov khoom polymer tsis zom, txo cov khoom tsim tawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm CBM.
6. CO₂ fracturing cuam tshuam li cas rau qhov viscosity ntawm cov kua dej fracturing hauv kev ua haujlwm methane hauv cov thee?
CO₂ fracturing ua rau CO₂ ua ib qho ua npuas dej lossis kua supercritical rau hauv cov kua fracturing sib xyaw. Qhov no hloov pauv cov tshuaj sib cuam tshuam thiab cov khoom rheological ntawm cov gel, ua rau:
- Qhov viscosity yuav txo qis sai sai nrog CO₂ ntim ntau dua, shear rate, thiab kub
- Muaj peev xwm ua rau lub matrix puas tsuaj yog tias viscosity poob qis sai dhau lossis cov khoom seem tseem nyob
- Qhov xav tau cov CO₂ thickeners thiab surfactants tshwj xeeb los tswj cov viscosity rau kev thauj mus los proppant zoo thiab kev tawg gel zoo
Cov neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum siv kev saib xyuas viscosity tiag tiag los kho qhov koob tshuaj breaker teb rau cov dynamics no, kom ntseeg tau tias gel tawg tag nrho thiab tiv thaiv cov thee seam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-06-2025
