Kev ntsuas qhov ceev thiab viscosity yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov asphalt uas hloov kho los ntawm polymer: qhov ceev ua kom muaj kev sib zog, lub zog, thiab kev tiv thaiv rau rutting / noo noo, thaum viscosity tswj hwm pumpability, workability, thiab deformation tsis kam. Kev ntsuas inline tiag tiag (piv txwv li, ultrasonic density meters, viscosity meters) tiv thaiv kev sib cais theem, agglomeration, thiab pipeline blockages, optimize polymer/additive dosages, thiab lav qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm txoj kev.
Nkag Siab Txog Kev Hloov Kho Asphalt: Cov Ntsiab Cai thiab Kev Txhawb Siab
Kev hloov kho asphalt yog hais txog kev txhim kho cov asphalt binders ib txwm muaj los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov khoom hloov kho lub cev, feem ntau yog cov polymers. Cov txheej txheem no tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tsim kho txoj kev niaj hnub no, teb ncaj qha rau qhov xav tau kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov, kev ywj pheej, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov nto ntawm txoj kev.
Kev Hloov Kho Asphalt
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Txhais Kev Hloov Kho Asphalt thiab Nws Lub Luag Haujlwm
Thaum nws tseem tsis tau hloov kho, asphalt feem ntau yuav muaj kev nyuaj siab xws li rutting, thermal cracking, thiab qaug zog thaum muaj kev thauj khoom ntau zaus thiab qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom ntxiv uas tau xaiv zoo hloov pauv cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab viscoelastic ntawm cov binder, muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau kev hloov pauv, kev laus, thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm huab cua. Kev hloov kho polymer, tshwj xeeb, tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm txoj kev thiab kev ua tau zoo, ua rau muaj kev txhim kho zoo hauv thaj chaw thiab chaw kuaj mob.
Txoj kev no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov kev loj, cov kev hauv nroog, thiab cov khoom siv hnyav yuav siv tau ntev dua, txo qhov zaus thiab tus nqi kho. Cov kev taug kev tau zoo dua los tiv taus qhov kub siab yam tsis muaj kev sib tsoo, thiab qhov kub qis yam tsis muaj kev tawg, ua rau cov tes hauj lwm ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig uas muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab hloov pauv ntau.
Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo hauv Kev Tsim Khoom Asphalt Hloov Kho Polymer
Kev tswj hwm qhov ruaj khov thoob plaws hauv kev tsim cov asphalt hloov kho polymer xav tau kev tswj hwm ze ntawm ntau yam sib txawv. Hom polymer thiab cov koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau phim nrog cov khoom noj asphalt los ntawm kev sim ua kom sib xws, vim tias txawm tias qhov me me tsis sib xws ua rau muaj kev sib cais theem lossis kev tsis sib xws ntawm cov binder. Qhov kev sib xyaw zoo tshaj plaws - feem ntau txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sim sim - pab ua tiav cov ntsiab lus mos, lub zog tensile, thiab ductility, thaum cov polymer ntau dhau yuav txo qhov yooj ywm lossis tsim cov teeb meem ua tiav.
Kub yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov txheej txheem hloov kho polymer asphalt. Kev sib tov feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm 160 ° C thiab 185 ° C, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ua rau polymer solubility tsis zoo lossis thermal degradation. Kub dhau heev tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov polymers, txo qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov binder dhau sijhawm. Kev tswj qhov kub tsis txaus ua rau polymer yaj tsis tiav thiab kev sib xyaw tsis sib xws. Kev sib tov ceev kuj tseem ceeb ib yam: qeeb dhau ua rau tsis muaj kev sib kis txaus, thaum ceev dhau ua rau shear nce thiab, paradoxically, yuav ua rau cov khoom sib cais. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev sib tov ntawm 500–2000 rpm, tsim rau qhov loj me ntawm pawg thiab lub cev sib tov, sib npaug rau kev sib xyaw homogeneous. Lub sijhawm nyob - lub sijhawm uas asphalt thiab polymer tseem nyob hauv kev sib xyaw - yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo; lub sijhawm tsis txaus ua rau tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, thaum qhov ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj kev sib cais theem thaum cov khoom ntxiv tawm ntawm kev ncua.
Hauv kev tsim cov asphalt polymer hloov kho ua pawg, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab kho cov zaub mov txawv raws li qhov xav tau rau txhua qhov sib tov. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev kho kom raug hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag yog tias qhov concentration ntawm polymer, qhov kub thiab txias, lossis cov yam ntxwv sib tov tsis sib xws. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv PMA ua tau zoo rau cov kev khiav ntawm tshav dav hlau yuav xav tau kev tswj hwm cov piv ntawm cov khoom ntxiv thiab cov cua sov, nrog rau cov qauv kuaj me me uas tau soj ntsuam kom paub meej tias sib xws ua ntej ua tiav tag nrho cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem ua pawg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv asphalt tshwj xeeb, cov khoom me me, lossis cov khoom muaj nqis siab.
Kev tsim khoom tas mus li, thaum ua tau zoo rau cov zis ntau, ua rau muaj kev cov nyom rau kev ua kom ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem. Cov khoom siv feem ntau yog ntsuas los ntawm qhov ntim, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj polymer lossis stabilizer yog tias cov txheej txheem pub tsis tau calibrated zoo. Cov txheej txheem tas mus li vam khom kev ntsuas hauv kab thiab cov lus teb tiag tiag los tswj cov khoom ntom ntom thiab viscosity. Kev siv cov ultrasonic density meters - xws li cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter - muab cov txheej txheem tswj cov asphalt density tas mus li, siab precision, ceeb toom cov txheej txheem engineers tam sim ntawd rau kev hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib cais theem, sedimentation, lossis kev tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom pub. Inline viscosity meters ntxiv kom ntseeg tau tias binder rheology tseem nyob hauv qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tau raws li lub teb chaws thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm theem.
Kev tswj tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ua rau muaj ntau yam kev pheej hmoo. Yog tias qhov kub sib tov qis dhau, cov polymers yuav tseem tsis tau yaj thiab sib sau ua ke, ua rau cov binder tsis sib xws nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Kev txiav siab dhau lossis lub sijhawm nyob ntev yuav ua rau muaj kev sib cais theem lossis txhawb kev puas tsuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev sib tov nrog polypropylene lossis polyethylene pov tseg hloov kho. Kev sib cais theem - qhov twg cov polymer-nplua nuj thiab asphalt-nplua nuj theem sib cais hauv cov tanks lossis thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia - ua rau pom kev stratification thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev sib txawv heev. Kev poob dej tshwm sim yog tias cov polymer lossis cov khoom sau poob lossis ntab vim qhov ceev tsis sib xws, dua ua rau cov khoom sib txuas tsis sib xws. Cov xwm txheej no tsis tsuas yog ua rau cov yam ntxwv kho tshuab thiab rheological ntawm asphalt tab sis kuj tseem ua rau nws lub sijhawm ntev nyob rau hauv kev tsheb thiab huab cua ntxhov siab.
Yog li ntawd, kev tswj xyuas zoo ua ke cov txheej txheem tsim qauv nruj nrog kev saib xyuas nyob. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw Asphalt rau kev ua tau zoo dua nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm txhua qhov tseem ceeb hauv lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Kev siv cov ntsuas inline txhim khu kev qha rau ob qho tib si qhov ceev thiab viscosity - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ultrasonic density ntsuas hauv asphalt manufacturing muab los ntawm Lonnmeter - pab tswj hwm cov khoom sib xyaw nruj. Thaum pom qhov sib txawv, kev xyaum niaj hnub no yog cim thiab hloov cov khoom tawm ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm dua li tso cai rau nws mus rau hauv cov khoom xa tuaj, txhawb nqa qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob qho tib si kev qhuab qhia batch thiab kev tswj hwm tsis siv neeg hauv kev ua haujlwm tas mus li.
Thaum kawg, qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov ceev ntawm kev sib tov, lub sijhawm nyob, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam ntawm kev hloov kho polymer asphalt. Yog tsis ua raws li qhov kev qhuab qhia no yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li kev sib cais theem thiab kev tso dej mus rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov binder, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev puas tsuaj thiab ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm luv dua.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Viscosity thiab Qhov Ceev ntawm Asphalt: Cov Cuab Yeej thiab Cov Txuj Ci
Kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm asphalt viscosity yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav du, kev sib zog me me, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev mus sij hawm ntev. Viscosity cuam tshuam rau qhov pumpability ntawm asphalt - nws yooj yim ntws los ntawm cov twj tso kua mis, cov kav dej, thiab cov khoom siv sib tov thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov polymer hloov kho asphalt. Yog tias viscosity poob qis dua qhov zoo tshaj plaws, asphalt tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm, ua rau muaj kev thaiv lossis kev txheej txheem tsis zoo ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm viscosity tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib cais sib xyaw, tsis txaus compaction, thiab txo qis kev ruaj khov ntawm txoj kev.
Qhov viscosity kuj cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Qhov viscosity qis dua txhim kho kev twj tau tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau qhov sib tov tsis muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov kev sib xyaw zoo tshaj plaws, thaum qhov viscosity ntau dhau ua rau cov dej ntws tsis khov thiab tsis sib xyaw tsis tiav. Cov txheej txheem hloov kho polymer asphalt, xws li kev koom ua ke ntawm SBS lossis PTFE, tso cai rau kev hloov kho viscosity rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Kev xaiv thiab kev noj cov khoom ntxiv siv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw asphalt rau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua ua kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm cov dej ntws, kev tiv thaiv kub, thiab kev txo qhov tawg. Cov ntsuas viscosity inline, xws li cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter, ua rau muaj kev ntsuam xyuas tiag tiag thiab kev tswj hwm cov lus teb nruj thaum lub sijhawm tsim asphalt thiab kev thauj mus los. Cov ntsuas no tso cai rau cov neeg teb xov tooj kho qhov kub thiab cov khoom ntxiv dynamically, tiv thaiv kev thaiv twj thiab xyuas kom meej tias txhua pawg tswj cov khoom sib xws thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem.
Kev tswj qhov ceev kuj tseem ceeb ib yam nkaus. Qhov ceev ntawm asphalt zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov txiav txim siab ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev sib tsoo, lub zog ntawm txoj kev, thiab kev ruaj khov. Qhov ceev tsis txaus ua rau muaj cua ntau dhau, ua rau cov dej noo nkag mus, tawg, thiab qaug zog. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev sib tsoo ntau dhau tuaj yeem tso tawm ntau cov binder, ua rau cov nto tawg thiab tawg. Cov txheej txheem tswj qhov ceev ntawm asphalt niaj hnub no siv cov thev naus laus zis tsis tu ncua, tsis ua puas tsuaj los muab cov lus teb tiag tiag. Ntawm cov no, lub ntsuas qhov ceev ultrasonic rau asphalt - koom ua ke rau hauv cov kav dej tsim khoom lossis chaw saib xyuas - muab kev nyeem tam sim ntawd ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev txhais cov suab nthwv dej los ntawm kev sib tov. Cov kev nyeem no txhawb nqa kev hloov kho hauv qhov chaw, pab txhawb rau kev sib tsoo sib npaug thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntsig txog qhov ceev.
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm ultrasonic hauv kev tsim cov asphalt yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem thiab kev lees paub zoo. Los ntawm kev teeb tsa Lonnmeter's ultrasonic density meters ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem sib tov thiab hloov pauv, cov neeg teb xov tooj nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ceev ntawm lub neej, txheeb xyuas txhua qhov kev hloov pauv sai li sai tau thaum lawv tshwm sim. Qhov no txhawb nqa cov tswv yim txo qis, xws li kev kho qhov ceev sib tov lossis kev pub sib sau ua ke, tswj kev sib xws ntawm qhov ceev thoob plaws tag nrho cov ntim tsim tawm.
Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev thiab viscosity tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm txoj kev. Kev dhia loj, sai sai hauv viscosity—feem ntau yog los ntawm cov khoom ntxiv tsis sib xws lossis kev hloov pauv kub—ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw tsis sib xws thiab kev sib xyaw tsis sib xws. Kev sim ua kom sib xws ntawm cov khoom noj asphalt yog ib qho tswv yim ua ntej; los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas tias cov bitumen hauv paus, polymers, thiab lwm yam kev hloov pauv sib xyaw zoo, cov chaw tsim khoom txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam zoo li no. Kev tiv thaiv kev thaiv hauv cov kav dej asphalt siv cov sensors inline: thaum pom qhov nce ntawm viscosity, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ua ntej cov khoom sib sau ua ke lossis cov kav dej raug thaiv, siv cov kev daws teeb meem thaiv cov kav dej uas tau sau tseg zoo hauv kev thauj mus los asphalt.
Kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom rheological yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem asphalt ruaj khov. Kev ntsuam xyuas xws li dynamic shear rheometry tsis yog tsuas yog ntsuas tus cwj pwm viscoelastic xwb tab sis kuj qhia txog yuav ua li cas ib qho kev sib tov yuav teb rau hauv kev ntxhov siab ua haujlwm thiab kub. Kev nkag siab txog cov khoom no txuas ncaj qha rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem - rheology ruaj khov sib npaug rau viscosity thiab density sib xws thoob plaws hauv kev tsim khoom, compaction, thiab txias. Cov qauv rheological zoo txhais tau tias kev sib tov sib xws, kev compaction zoo dua, thiab kev sib cais tsawg kawg nkaus.
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas viscosity thiab density tiag tiag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas siv ultrasonic thiab inline techniques, ua kom zoo dua kev tswj cov txheej txheem. Kev hloov kho raws li cov ntaub ntawv—ua tau nrog cov cuab yeej los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom xws li Lonnmeter—ua kom txhua pawg ua tau raws li cov lus qhia rau kev pumpability, workability, lub zog, thiab durability, txhawb nqa kev txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem asphalt thiab tsa qhov zoo ntawm cov kev taug kev niaj hnub.
Tiv Thaiv Kev Thaiv thiab Tswj Xyuas Cov Txheej Txheem Hauv Cov Kav Dej Asphalt
Kev thaiv hauv cov kav dej asphalt, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov polymer hloov kho asphalt, yog los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov polymers nrog asphalt, cov txheej txheem hloov pauv, thiab kev tswj hwm tsis txaus rau cov khoom sib xyaw tseem ceeb. Hauv cov txheej txheem hloov kho polymer asphalt, cov teeb meem xws li kev sib cais theem, cov khoom khov siab, thiab cov viscosity nce siab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txwv ib nrab lossis tag nrho hauv kab.
Cov ua rau muaj kev thaiv feem ntau suav nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis morphological ntawm asphalt thiab cov polymer xaiv. Cov khoom sib xyaw tsis sib haum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj cov polymers rov ua dua tshiab xws li PET lossis PE, feem ntau sib cais lossis sib sau ua ke, tsim cov cheeb tsam ntawm viscosity siab uas ua rau qeeb qeeb thiab ntes cov khoom me me. Cov polymer-nplua nuj deposits no yuav nyob twj ywm thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw high-shear tab sis tuaj yeem yaj thaum shear txo qis lossis thaum qhov kub poob qis, tsim cov slugs lossis gels ntom ntom hauv cov kav dej. Kev ua kom sov sai lossis kev sib xyaw tsis tiav ua rau cov teebmeem no hnyav dua, feem ntau ua rau cov polymer chunks tsis sib xyaw sib sau ua ke ntawm cov kav dej khoov lossis kev txwv. Kev yaj tsis zoo ntawm cov polymers tshwj xeeb lossis kev sib xyaw ntau dhau kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov viscosity sib xyaw nce ntxiv, ua rau lub qhov rais kev nyab xeeb rau kev ntws hauv cov kav dej nqaim dua.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv kub raws cov kav dej cuam tshuam rau qhov viscosity hauv zos thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem. Cov chaw kub lossis txias hauv zos - ua los ntawm kev faib cua sov tsis sib xws lossis kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev - ua haujlwm ua qhov chaw nucleation rau kev khov lossis kev sib cais theem, cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov txheej txheem hloov kho polymer asphalt. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kab ntev lossis cov kab tsis zoo, qhov twg txawm tias qhov kub me me tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ntws. Cov cheeb tsam ntws qeeb lossis tsis txav ua rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm asphaltenes thiab cov polymers tsis tau tawg, ua rau muaj kev txwv.
Kev tswj kom cov asphalt ceev thiab viscosity sib xws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li. Cov cuab yeej inline xws li Lonnmeter ultrasonic density meters tso cai rau cov lus teb rov qab tiag tiag ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj asphalt ceev thiab taug qab ncaj qha kev nthuav dav ntawm theem hloov pauv lossis polymer aggregation. Ua ke nrog inline viscosity meters, cov kab ke no ntes tau qhov pib ntawm kev hloov pauv viscosity ua ntej ncav cuag qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thaiv, muab lub qhov rais rau kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem. Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov ntsuas tsis cuam tshuam no ua rau muaj kev txheeb xyuas thaum ntxov ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis sib xws, txhawb nqa kev ntws ruaj khov hauv ob qho tib si kev sib xyaw asphalt niaj hnub thiab cov kev hloov kho siab polymer asphalt.
Kev tiv thaiv zoo yog siv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw asphalt kom muaj zog sib txuas ua ke kom ua tau zoo dua thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov dej ntws. Kev lim dej hauv kab tseem yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb: cov ntxaij lim dej mesh lossis cov lim hlau sintered, uas tsim los rau qhov sib xyaw thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, ntes cov agglomerates, nplai, thiab cov khoom seem ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv cov kav dej uas tsis muaj zog. Kev tshuaj xyuas lim dej tsis tu ncua thiab kev ntxuav lub voj voog yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias cov polymer-nplua nuj thiab cov khoom sib xyaw siab ua rau cov khoom lim dej qias neeg sai sai. Cov txheej txheem lim dej yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias zoo. Txawm tias qhov poob me me hauv qab qhov kub sib xyaw zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua rau cov lim dej khov hauv zos, ua rau cov lim dej ntws dhau.
Cov txheej txheem kev sib xyaw ua ke—xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke tas mus li mus rau cov pulses siab-shear tsis tu ncua—txhawb nqa kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab tiv thaiv kev poob qis. Kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv ob lub tank sib xyaw thiab cov ntu ntawm cov kav dej pab ua kom cov polymers thiab asphaltenes uas muaj cov molecular hnyav siab thiab cov asphaltenes raug ncua, ncaj qha tawm tsam kev faib ua pawg thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib sau ua ke hauv zos. Kev sib xyaw ua ke tas mus li yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm txo qis kev siv lossis kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem.
Kev saib xyuas tiag tiag yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev thaiv hauv cov kav dej asphalt thiab kev ua kom cov txheej txheem ruaj khov dua. Cov txheej txheem tawm tswv yim tsis siv neeg, siv kev ntsuas qhov ceev ultrasonic hauv kev tsim asphalt thiab inline viscometry, pab txhawb kev hloov kho qhov kub, kev sib tov, thiab cov nqi twj raws li cov khoom sib xyaw uas hloov pauv. Cov kev cuam tshuam tswj hwm no txo qis qhov yuam kev ntawm tib neeg thiab hloov kho cov xwm txheej txheej txheem kom tiv thaiv kev thaiv, txawm tias cov khoom noj khoom haus lossis cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig hloov pauv.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem nthuav dav ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj xyuas siab heev - xws li cov pipeline pig ntse lossis robotic probes - uas ntsuas cov xwm txheej sab hauv ntawm cov pipeline. Cov cuab yeej no txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm phab ntsa lossis kev tsim cov kev thaiv, ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas tiv thaiv ua ntej kev thaiv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm.
Hauv kev xaus lus, kev tiv thaiv kev txwv hauv cov kab asphalt hloov kho yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev dav dav: kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev lim dej zoo, kev tswj hwm qhov kub kom raug, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev saib xyuas qhov ceev thiab viscosity tas mus li siv cov khoom siv xws li Lonnmeter ultrasonic density meters. Cov tswv yim no ua ke ua kom muaj kev thauj mus los tsis muaj teeb meem, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws thoob plaws ntau yam ntawm cov qauv asphalt hloov kho polymer niaj hnub thiab cov qauv sib xyaw rov ua dua tshiab.
Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Siv Dua Hauv Kev Hloov Kho Asphalt
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov polymers rov ua dua tshiab, tshwj xeeb yog polyethylene terephthalate (PE) thiab polyethylene (PE), tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev ruaj khov hauv kev tsim cov asphalt hloov kho polymer. Cov yas rov ua dua tshiab no, los ntawm cov khib nyiab tom qab siv lossis cov khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam, tau koom ua ke los ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov kho asphalt polymer xws li cov txheej txheem sib xyaw qhuav thiab ntub. Ob txoj hauv kev sib haum xeeb nrog cov ntsiab cai kev lag luam ncig los ntawm kev hloov cov yas ntawm cov chaw pov tseg thiab muab lawv tso rau hauv cov khoom siv txoj kev ntev.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau sau tseg tias PET thiab PE rov ua dua tshiab tsis yog tsuas yog txo qhov xav tau cov khoom siv raw xwb tab sis kuj tseem txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw asphalt. PET-modified asphalt txhim kho lub zog tensile, tiv taus kev tawg, thiab lub neej ntev, thaum PE ntxiv ductility thiab txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv deformation thoob plaws ntau qhov kub thiab txias. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm PET thiab PE tso cai rau kev hloov kho cov txiaj ntsig kho tshuab - piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 6% PE nrog 2% PET tau tshaj tawm tias ua kom lub zog compressive thiab kev ruaj khov tag nrho zoo dua.
Kev siv cov polymers no cuam tshuam rau cov ntsuas lub cev tseem ceeb: viscosity, density, thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov asphalt binder. Nrog PE lossis PET rov ua dua tshiab, cov binder viscosity feem ntau nce ntxiv, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv rutting, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab lossis kub siab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov polymer ntau dhau tuaj yeem thawb viscosity mus deb dhau, cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw asphalt thiab paving. Qhov no qhia txog qhov xav tau kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj kom zoo, kev sim asphalt feedstock sib xws, thiab kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws asphalt blending txoj kev rau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev kuj nrog rau kev ntxiv polymer. Raws li cov polymers sib cuam tshuam hauv cov bituminous matrix, muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev - qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov qauv volumetric. Cov txheej txheem tswj kev ceev asphalt inline siv cov ultrasonic density meters, xws li cov uas tsim los ntawm Lonnmeter, muab kev saib xyuas meej kom tswj tau cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Ib yam li ntawd, kev ua kom ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem asphalt feem ntau vam khom kev ntsuas qhov ceev ultrasonic tiag tiag hauv kev tsim asphalt los ntes thiab kho qhov sib txawv, txhawb nqa qhov zoo sib xws thaum siv cov ntsiab lus rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb vim tias qhov ceev thiab viscosity hloov pauv yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kom tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw tsis txaus lossis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov pauv thaum ntxov.
Kev ntsuam xyuas tshuab ntawm cov asphalt uas tau hloov kho polymer uas siv rov qab los qhia txog kev txhim kho hauv Marshall stability, kev tiv thaiv rutting uas tau ntsuas los ntawm Hamburg wheel tracking, thiab lub neej qaug zog. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv chav kuaj pom tseeb tias cov khoom sib xyaw PET thiab PE uas tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw raug cai ua tau zoo dua li cov kev tswj hwm ib txwm muaj hauv kev sim kub siab thiab qis, nrog PET pab txhawb rau kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv kev laus. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov asphalt hloov kho no ntev lub neej kev pabcuam los ntawm 14–65% piv rau cov kev taug kev ib txwm muaj, uas ncua kev kho mob kim thiab siv carbon ntau.
Cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig muaj ntau yam. Kev siv cov polymers rov ua dua tshiab txo cov pa roj av uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov - tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm kev txo qis cov khoom siv tshiab xwb tab sis kuj los ntawm kev siv txoj kev ntev thiab tsawg dua kev kho dua tshiab. Kev ntsuam xyuas lub neej voj voog qhia tau tias muaj kev txo qis ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tag nrho thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov dej khib nyiab hauv zos muab cov khoom siv hloov kho. Rau cov zej zog, qhov no txhais tau tias muaj kev pov tseg tsawg dua thiab cov pa phem tsawg dua ib mais ntawm txoj kev uas tau tsim lossis kho dua tshiab.
Kev ruaj ntseg zoo (QA) tseem ceeb heev, vim tias kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem los ntawm cov khoom siv yas rov ua dua tshiab tsis sib xws lossis kev sib xyaw tsis zoo. Cov txheej txheem QA siab heev tam sim no suav nrog ntau yam kev sim rheological (piv txwv li, Rolling Thin Film Oven Test rau kev laus simulation, dynamic shear rheometry rau kev tawv thiab elasticity) thiab kev soj ntsuam cov khoom siv lub cev (Marshall stability, penetration, ductility, thiab softening point). Tsuas yog los ntawm QA nruj, txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem suav nrog thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas hauv qhov chaw muaj zog - suav nrog inline density thiab viscosity meters los ntawm Lonnmeter - tuaj yeem cov neeg tsim khoom lav qhov sib xws thiab kev ua tau zoo mus sij hawm ntev. Cov kauj ruam QA txuas ntxiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem asphalt thiab thaiv cov kev daws teeb meem thaiv cov kav dej hauv kev thauj mus los asphalt lossis thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua tshiab.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev siv cov PET thiab PE rov ua dua tshiab hauv kev hloov kho asphalt ua tau zoo qhia txog txoj hauv kev uas siv tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim kho txoj kev kom ruaj khov dua. Qhov ua tiav ob zaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm ib puag ncig ua pov thawj qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau kev tsim cov asphalt polymer hloov kho uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ntsuab dua.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov kho asphalt hauv kev tsim kho txoj kev yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov kho asphalt tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov khoom sib txuas kom daws tau qhov kev xav tau siab ntawm kev tsheb niaj hnub no thiab cov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw nyuaj. Los ntawm kev koom ua ke cov khoom hloov kho xws li polymers, cov yas rov ua dua tshiab, lossis roj hmab crumb, cov engineers tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv rau rutting, qaug zog, thiab thermal cracking. Piv txwv li, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ua rau muaj zog tensile thiab thermal stability, thaum roj hmab crumb ntxiv kev ywj pheej thiab ua kom lub neej ntawm txoj kev ntev dua. Cov txheej txheem no txhawb nqa txoj kev ruaj khov thiab txo qhov xav tau kev saib xyuas ntau zaus. Ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem hloov kho asphalt polymer pab ua tiav cov hom phiaj kev ruaj khov los ntawm kev koom ua ke cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab thiab ua kom zoo dua cov qauv kev ua haujlwm hauv qab kev ntxhov siab.
Kev sib xyaw asphalt cuam tshuam li cas rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev kawg?
Kev sib xyaw, txawm tias siv cov asphalt pavement uas tau rov ua dua tshiab (RAP) lossis kev sib xyaw cov virgin thiab aged binders, ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev. Kev sib xyaw zoo ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw zoo, uas cuam tshuam rau viscosity, density, workability, thiab mechanical strength. Kev sib xyaw tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau thaj chaw tsis muaj zog, txo qhov kev tiv thaiv kev nkees, thiab kev ruaj khov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw ib nrab nrog RAP yuav txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov binder active, ua rau tawg lossis txo qhov kev tiv thaiv rutting. Kev sib xyaw sib xws yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib xyaw asphalt zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua tau zoo dua, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov polymers thiab cov additives tawg tag nrho hauv cov binder matrix rau lub zog zoo dua thiab sib xws.
Kev tsim cov asphalt polymer modified yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas kev tswj xyuas zoo thiaj tseem ceeb?
Kev tsim cov asphalt uas hloov kho los ntawm polymer siv cov polymers hluavtaws los ua cov asphalt binders los txhim kho cov khoom xws li kev tiv thaiv rutting, kev ywj pheej, thiab kev ruaj khov thermal. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov sib xyaw ua ke, lub sijhawm sib tov, thiab cov qauv kub. Kev tswj xyuas zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb - kev saib xyuas cov yam ntxwv xws li viscosity thiab density los ntawm cov ntsuas inline ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov polymers tau faib sib npaug, tiv thaiv kev sib cais theem, thiab ua rau muaj peev xwm rov ua dua, cov zis zoo. Yog tsis muaj kev lees paub zoo, cov txheej txheem hloov kho asphalt polymer yuav ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov binder tsis sib xws thiab txo lub neej ntawm txoj kev.
Vim li cas kev tswj qhov ceev ntawm asphalt thiaj tseem ceeb thiab nws ua tiav li cas?
Kev tswj kom qhov ceev ntawm asphalt kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom txoj kev ruaj khov. Kev sib tsoo asphalt tsis raug yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ua ntej lub sijhawm, tawg, thiab txo lub neej kev pabcuam. Cov thev naus laus zis xws li ultrasonic density meters muab kev ntsuas tseeb, lub sijhawm tiag tiag, tso cai rau kev hloov kho tam sim ntawd thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Txoj hauv kev tsis puas tsuaj no tau koom ua ke rau hauv cov txheej txheem tswj asphalt niaj hnub, muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kom tswj tau qhov zoo thiab kev sib tsoo, uas sib haum nrog cov qauv kev lag luam nruj. Piv txwv li, Lonnmeter's inline density meters muab kev ntsuas ultrasonic density zoo hauv cov txheej txheem tsim asphalt, xa cov kev nkag siab ua tau hauv ob peb feeb.
Dab tsi ua rau muaj kev thaiv hauv cov kav dej asphalt thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj tiv thaiv tau lawv?
Kev thaiv yog los ntawm kev nce viscosity sai sai, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, lossis qhov kub poob ua rau asphaltene thiab wax tso rau hauv cov kav dej. Cov khoom hloov kho tsis sib xyaw zoo lossis cua sov tsis txaus kuj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Kev tiv thaiv pib nrog qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov txheej txheem ruaj khov, cov txheej txheem sib xyaw txhim khu kev qha, thiab kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag los ntawm cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab. Kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej tsis tu ncua thiab kev coj ua zoo rwb thaiv tsev txo qhov kub lossis cov hnab txias. Piv txwv li, kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem tswj asphalt viscosity hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag tso cai rau kev hloov kho thaum ntxov, txo qhov ua tau ntawm kev thaiv cov kav dej thiab tswj kev ntws mus los zoo - qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev thaiv niaj hnub hauv cov kav dej asphalt.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus cuam tshuam li cas rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv kev hloov kho asphalt?
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov txheej txheem asphalt ruaj khov. Cov khoom sib txuas ua ke yuav sib xyaw nrog cov polymers lossis cov khoom ntxiv, ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib cais theem. Cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis tsis sib xws, viscosity siab dua, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev thaiv lossis cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis zoo. Kev sim kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus asphalt yog ua los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas rheological thiab molecular los ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm sib cuam tshuam. Cov kauj ruam no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov asphalt hloov kho polymer kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev mus sij hawm ntev thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ultrasonic density meters hauv kev ua asphalt yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm ultrasonic yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov asphalt rau kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm inline. Cov khoom siv no tso tawm cov pulses ultrasonic los ntawm cov dej asphalt thiab xam qhov ceev raws li qhov ceev ntawm nthwv dej, sib raug zoo nrog kev sib zog thiab viscosity ntawm cov khoom. Lawv cov lus teb rov qab tiag tiag ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm qhov ceev ntawm asphalt, pab cov neeg ua haujlwm pom qhov sib txawv tam sim ntawd. Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov ntsuas no, suav nrog cov los ntawm Lonnmeter, txhim kho kev lees paub zoo, txo cov khoom pov tseg, thiab txhim kho kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem tswj qhov ceev ntawm asphalt. Lub ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm ultrasonic rau kev ua asphalt yog qhov kev daws teeb meem uas tau ua pov thawj rau kev ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo hauv kev lag luam kev taug kev niaj hnub no.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-16-2025
