Kev Txheeb Xyuas Txog Kev Ua Tooj Liab Electrorefining
Kev siv hluav taws xob los ua kom tooj liab kub yog cov txheej txheem kev lag luam siv los tsim cov cathodes tooj liab uas muaj kev ntshiab siab, feem ntau nrog cov purities tshaj 99.99%. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom tau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog LME Qib A, uas xav tau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas lus, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab. Thaum lub sijhawm electrorefining, cov anodes tooj liab tsis huv raug muab tso rau hauv cov electrolyte uas muaj tooj liab sulfate thiab sulfuric acid. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob tam sim no, tooj liab yaj ntawm anode thiab rov tso rau ntawm cov ntawv cathode uas muaj kev ntshiab siab.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog kev sib cais ntawm tooj liab ntawm cov khoom tsis huv xws li txhuas, arsenic, thiab antimony. Ntawm qhov anode, cov tooj liab atoms poob electrons, tsim cov tooj liab ions (Cu²⁺) uas tsiv mus los ntawm electrolyte. Ntawm cathode, cov ions no tau txais electrons thiab phaj ua tooj liab ntshiab. Tib lub sijhawm, cov hlau tsis xav tau tseem yaj hauv electrolyte lossis precipitate ua insoluble anode slimes, tso cai rau kev tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj yeem ua tau zoo. Lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis huv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm refining yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lees paub zoo thiab kev tswj hwm tooj liab cathode.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tooj liab electrorefining vam khom kev tswj hwm electrolyte zoo. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid sib xyaw, nrog rau nws qhov ceev thiab conductivity, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm tam sim no hauv tooj liab electrorefining. Kev tswj hwm qhov zoo tshaj plaws electrolyte ntws ua kom muaj kev sib npaug, tiv thaiv cov kev hloov pauv hauv zos, thiab pab txhawb kev tsis lees paub cov khoom tsis huv. Cov neeg ua haujlwm siv cov cuab yeej zoo li Lonnmeter liquid density meter rau electrolyte los saib xyuas thiab kho qhov ceev ntawm cov kua, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua kua conductivity thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm huab hwm coj.
Kev Ua Kom Tooj Liab Electrorefining
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Kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws nyob ntawm kev siv zog tsawg dua hauv kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev kho kom zoo dua ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Cov hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob uas tsis tswj tau ua rau muaj kev pov tseg zog ntau ntxiv thiab tuaj yeem ua rau qhov zoo ntawm cathode poob qis. Kev kho kom zoo dua ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob txo qis kev poob hluav taws xob thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Kev siv zog raug txo qis ntxiv los ntawm kev txhim kho cov nqi electrolyte ncig thiab siv kev txuag hluav taws xob hauv cov txheej txheem electrorefining. Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm electrolyte zoo txhawb nqa cov hom phiaj no, vim tias cov khoom siv daws teeb meem cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si kev siv zog thiab kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob zoo.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tooj liab electrorefining suav nrog kev ua tiav cov tooj liab cathode zoo sib xws, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, thiab txo qis kev siv zog. Cov hluav taws xob siab ua rau muaj kev xa khoom ntau dua tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cathode spongy lossis ntxhib thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom tsis huv tshwj tsis yog tias tswj hwm zoo. Cov chaw ua kom huv si qub siv cov ntawv pib ntsib ntau zaus hloov cathode thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj dua. Cov qauv tsim niaj hnub no suav nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg, cathodes tas mus li, kev saib xyuas digital, thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav cov tshuaj reactors los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom zoo thaum txhawb nqa cov khoom siv tooj liab electrolyte thiab kev ua kom zoo dua electrolyte rau cov zis hauv kev lag luam.
Kev tswj hwm electrolyte, kev ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas siab heev txhawb nqa cov tswv yim tam sim no los txhim kho kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cathode tooj liab, txo cov nqi ua haujlwm, thiab daws cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm tooj liab. Kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tooj liab no txhawb nqa lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv kev xa cov tooj liab ntshiab heev rau kev lag luam niaj hnub no.
Kev Sib Xyaws thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Copper Sulfate-Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte
Cov sib tov tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid yog cov electrolyte txheem hauv tooj liab electrorefining, muab cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm tooj liab ion thauj thiab deposition. Nws muaj ob lub ntsiab Cheebtsam: tooj liab sulfate (CuSO₄) ua lub hauv paus tooj liab ion thawj thiab sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) ua tus conductivity enhancer thiab tshuaj stabilizer.
Tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb
Hauv kev xyaum, cov electrolyte feem ntau muaj 40–50 g/L tooj liab sulfate thiab kwv yees li 100 g/L sulfuric acid hauv kev lag luam. Cov khoom sib xyaw yog cov kua dej ntshiab, muaj zog conductivity qhov twg tooj liab sulfate muab Cu²⁺ ions rau cov txheej txheem electrodeposition. Sulfuric acid ua rau cov kua dej ionic conductivity nce ntxiv, txhim kho electrolyte stability, thiab pab tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li hydrogen evolution ntawm cathode.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no:
- Anode: Cu(s) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻
- Cathode: Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cu(s)
Kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm cov concentration ntawm txhua yam khoom cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev faib tawm tam sim no, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov cathode tooj liab.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ceev thiab Kev Ntsuas Kom Tseeb
Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov electrolyte thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lees paub zoo ntawm cov tooj liab cathode thiab kev tswj hwm zoo. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov electrolyte, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib sau ua ke, cuam tshuam rau kev txav mus los ntawm ion thiab kev sib xws ntawm cov tooj liab deposition. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov concentration ntawm lub hom phiaj tuaj yeem ua rau cov tuab ntawm cov khoom tsis sib xws, kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom tsis huv, lossis kev loj hlob ntawm cov tooj liab dendritic (zoo li ntoo), uas ua rau cov khoom huv thiab du.
Cov chaw ua tooj liab niaj hnub siv cov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua dej—xws li Lonnmeter—rau kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua dej online tas mus li hauv kev ua tooj liab. Cov cuab yeej no txhawb nqa kev saib xyuas electrolyte tiag tiag kom tswj tau qhov sib npaug ntawm tooj liab sulfate thiab sulfuric acid thiab txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm qhov zoo ntawm tooj liab cathode.
Piv txwv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsis ntev los no qhia tau tias cov kua qaub sulfuric uas khaws cia nyob ib puag ncig 100 g / L ua tiav qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov kev sib npaug no ua rau cov tooj liab ntau tshaj plaws thiab txhawb nqa cov xwm txheej ruaj khov, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov voj voog luv luv lossis cov av nkos los ntawm cov kua qaub ntau dhau lossis tsis txaus.
Kev Sib Txheeb Ze Ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Electrolyte, Kev Ua Hluav Taws Xob, thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Phem
Kev ua hluav taws xob ntawm cov electrolyte muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom sib xyaw. Qhov concentration ntawm cov kua qaub sulfuric ua rau muaj kev ua hluav taws xob ntau ntawm cov tshuaj; cov kua qaub tsawg dhau ua rau cov cell tiv taus siab thiab siv zog ntau dua, thaum cov kua qaub ntau dhau ua rau cov tooj liab tsis muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsis huv tsis sib xws.
Qhov concentration ntawm tooj liab sulfate txiav txim siab qhov flux ntawm cov ions tooj liab mus rau cathode thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov tam sim no hauv kev siv tooj liab electrorefining. Yog tias qhov concentration poob qis dhau, qhov depletion tshwm sim ntawm cathode, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov pauv hydrogen thiab cov teeb meem deposit. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov concentration siab xav tau kev tswj hwm kom meej kom tsis txhob siv zog ntau dhau thiab crystallographic anomalies hauv cov tooj liab deposited.
Kev tswj kom zoo ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab, yog li ntawd, kev coj hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau:
- Kev ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell zoo dua hauv kev siv tooj liab electrorefining (ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell qis kom txo tau kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim cua sov)
- Kev ua kom zoo dua qhov tam sim no (xyuas kom yuav luag txhua qhov tam sim no siv rau kev tso tooj liab, tsis yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab tsis xav tau)
- Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom tsis huv hauv kev ua kom tooj liab zoo (tso cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke xws li txhuas, arsenic, lossis antimony uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias cov khoom sib xyaw electrolyte tsis raug)
Qhov tshwm sim yog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua, kev txuag hluav taws xob hauv kev siv hluav taws xob, kev txhim kho cov qauv tso nyiaj, thiab kev txhim kho cathode tooj liab zoo dua. Kev saib xyuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua thiab cov khoom sib xyaw, suav nrog cov kab ke Lonnmeter, yog li ntawd qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo qhov poob, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tswj hwm cov tooj liab cathode zoo sib xws los ntawm ib pawg mus rau ib pawg.
Cov kev sib raug zoo no tau lees paub hauv kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev tswj hwm sulfuric acid ntawm kwv yees li 100 g / L tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom zoo dua qhov kev ua haujlwm tam sim no xwb tab sis kuj ua kom muaj kev pheej hmoo qis tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom tsis huv thiab kev tswj hwm cov qauv tso nyiaj, thaum txhawb nqa kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua hauv kev siv tooj liab electrorefining.
Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Hauv Kev Ua Tooj Liab Electrorefining
Qhov ceev ntawm cov electrolyte yog qhov qhia tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem electrorefining tooj liab, vim nws qhia ncaj qha rau cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid. Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov kua zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg siab zoo ntawm cov tooj liab cathode thiab kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cov tooj liab cathode. Cov neeg ua haujlwm siv qhov ceev ua qhov ntsuas sai los txiav txim siab ob qho tib si tooj liab ion thiab acid concentration, ua rau muaj kev hloov kho kom raug rau kev ua haujlwm tam sim no zoo dua hauv kev electrorefining tooj liab thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua.
Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Qhov Ceev hauv Kev Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem
Qhov ceev tswj hwm ntau qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem:
- Kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev coj ua tam sim no:Cov tooj liab thiab cov kua qaub ntau ntxiv ua rau qhov ceev ceev, feem ntau txhim kho kev ua hluav taws xob electrolyte thiab kev ua haujlwm tam sim no - txog li qhov txwv. Tshaj li qhov ceev tshaj plaws, cov nqi sib kis qeeb thiab yuav txo qis kev ua haujlwm, cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell thiab lub peev xwm los ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell zoo dua rau kev ua kom tooj liab.
- Kev tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov lej:Qhov ceev sib xws pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom tsis huv thaum lub sijhawm ua kom tooj liab los ntawm kev txo qis qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev uas txhawb kom muaj cov hlau xws li arsenic, antimony, thiab bismuth nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib txawv.
- Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Cathode:Qhov ceev ruaj khov txhawb nqa kev tsim cov siv lead ua ke, ua rau cov cathodes tooj liab du thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov khoom sib xyaw, pob, lossis hmoov av, txo qhov zoo ntawm cathode thiab yuav tsum tau kho ntau zaus.
Kev Siv Tshuab Ntsuas Qhov Ceev ntawm Cov Kua rau Kev Txhim Kho Lub Sijhawm Tiag
Cov ntsuas dej ntws ceev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hom vibrating, yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas qhov ceev ntawm electrolyte hauv kev siv tooj liab electrorefining niaj hnub no. Cov khoom siv no ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas thiab tswj hwm lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid sib xyaw, txhawb nqa ncaj qha rau cathode tooj liab zoo kev lees paub thiab ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
Lub Ntsiab Cai ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Koom Ua Ke ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem
Lub ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua dej uas co ua haujlwm los ntawm kev muab lub sensor—feem ntau yog lub raj zoo li U, rab diav rawg, lossis lub tog raj kheej—tso ncaj qha rau hauv cov electrolyte tooj liab. Lub cuab yeej ntsuas qhov zaus resonant ntawm lub sensor, uas txo qis thaum qhov ceev ntawm cov electrolyte nce ntxiv. Qhov zaus no raug hloov mus ua tus nqi ceev ntawm kev ntsuas nrog cov qauv (xws li dej deionized thiab cov kua tooj liab sulfate), ua rau muaj kev nyeem ncaj qha hauv g/cm³.
Hauv cov txheej txheem tooj liab electrorefining, cov meters no sib xyaw ua ke zoo rau hauv lub voj voog electrolyte lossis lub tank txheej txheem. Cov khoom siv ntub dej ntawm lub sensor, xws li titanium lossis Hastelloy, ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj nrog cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid. Cov sensors kub sib xyaw ua ke them rau qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, tswj qhov tseeb siab txawm tias cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm hloov pauv.
Cov Zoo Dua Li Cov Txheej Txheem Ntsuas Ib Txwm Muaj
Lubvibrating element meterdhau cov cuab yeej saib xyuas qhov ceev uas tsis siv neeg lawm—piv txwv li, cov ntsuas dej tes thiab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov hnyav tsis tu ncua—los ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv ceev digital uas siv tshuab, muaj ntau zaus.
Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm Tsis Siv Neeg thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Saib Xyuas:
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv online thiab hauv online uas siv tau tiag tiag tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub tshuab PLC/SCADA ntawm lub Hoobkas, ua rau muaj kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg ntawm kev siv tooj liab sulfate lossis sulfuric acid dosing, thiab muab cov lus teb zoo rau cov khoom siv tooj liab electrolyte zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg no ua rau kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm tooj liab cathode muaj zog los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem kom ruaj khov thiab txhawb nqa kev sau cov ntaub ntawv kom taug qab tau.
Kev Ua Tau Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Kev Tswj Xyuas Electrolyte:
Cov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua dej uas muaj vibrating element muab qhov tseebupto ±0.001 g/cm³, tseem ceeb heev rau kev kho qhov sib piv ntawm cov tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid. Qhov sib txawv me me ntawm qhov ceev ntawm electrolyte tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob lossis kev siv hluav taws xob, txo qhov ua haujlwm tam sim no, lossis txhawb kev tso cov khoom tsis huv rau ntawm cathodes. Cov 'meter' no pab txhawb kev tswj hwm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell thiab txo qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tag nrho hauv kev siv hluav taws xob yam tsis tas yuav ua ntau zaus, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov nqi khiav lag luam thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom.
Txo Lub Zog Pumping thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Zoo Dua:
Kev saib xyuas hauv kab txo qhov xav tau kev kuaj, uas txo qis kev raug electrolyte rau huab cua, txo ob qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj thiab lub zog twj uas xav tau rau kev xa cov qauv offline.
Piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv thov rau kev saib xyuas hauv online thiab online
Cov kev teeb tsa ib txwm muaj lub Lonnmeter vibrating element density sensor ntsia ncaj qha rau hauv kab electrolyte recirculation. Piv txwv li, hauv lub tank loj, lubLonnmetermuab cov ntaub ntawv nyeem qhov ceev tsis tu ncua txhua ob peb vib nas this, uas tso cai rau cov engineers saib xyuas qhov ceev thiab teb sai rau cov txheej txheem drifts.
Hauv kev siv tiag tiag, ib lub Hoobkas uas khiav 1.2 g/cm³ tooj liab sulfate electrolyte tau ua tiav kev tswj hwm qhov concentration ntawm tooj liab ion siv cov lus teb ceev inline. Kev txhim kho no ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm tam sim no hauv kev ua tooj liab electrorefining, txiav cov nqi zog, thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Cov nroj tsuag uas muaj cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem ua kom cov kua qaub lossis tooj liab dosing raws li cov ntsiab lus teeb tsa ceev rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm electrolyte conductivity.
Cov chaw tsim roj teeb uas npaj cov electrolytes tooj liab sulfate kuj siv cov ntsuas vibrating element los tswj qhov zoo; Lonnmeter ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ceev thiab qhov concentration raug ncav cuag ua ntej hloov khoom. Kev ntsuas tsis tu ncua nrog cov qauv txheej txheem ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev ntsuas hauv cov chaw nyuaj.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom siv vibrating hloov pauv txoj hauv kev uas cov haujlwm ua kom tooj liab saib xyuas thiab tswj cov electrolytes, ua haujlwm ua cov cuab yeej ntsuas tau zoo, muaj qhov tseeb siab, thiab lub sijhawm tiag tiag uas txhawb nqa ob qho tib si zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv txhua theem ntawm cov saw hlau tsim tooj liab cathode.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ceev ntawm Electrolyte rau Cov Cim Qhia Kev Ua Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb
Kev tswj qhov ceev ntawm cov electrolyte, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid sib xyaw, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm tooj liab electrorefining. Qhov ceev cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm tooj liab cathode, kev siv hluav taws xob, kev ua haujlwm tam sim no, lub zog ntawm lub cell, thiab tag nrho cov khoom tsim tau.
Kev Sib Raug Zoo nrog Cathode Copper Quality Assurance
Qhov ceev ntawm cov electrolyte cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov huv ntawm cov cathode tooj liab thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw. Thaum qhov ceev nce vim muaj cov tooj liab lossis cov kua qaub ntau ntxiv, kev txav mus los ntawm cov anode slimes hloov pauv, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom tsis huv - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau nickel, lead, thiab arsenic. Cov electrolytes uas muaj qhov ceev ntau dua tuaj yeem ntes tau ntau cov khoom me me, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov sib nrug ntawm electrode tsis zoo lossis qhov ceev tam sim no siab. Cov khoom tsis huv no ua rau cathode du, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev lees txais ntawm kev ua lag luam poob qis. Kev tshawb fawb ntau yam qhia tau tias cov ntsiab lus nickel ntau dua hauv cov electrolytes ntom ntom ua rau cov cathodes ntxhib dua, tsis huv dua, lees paub los ntawm kev ntsuas electron microscopy thiab atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cov khoom ntxiv xws li thiourea thiab gelatine qee zaum txo qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw tab sis tej zaum, ntawm cov koob tshuaj tsis raug, ua rau cov khoom tsis huv ntau dua yog tias cov khoom electrolyte tsis raug tswj hwm nruj.
Kev Cuam Tshuam rau Kev Txo Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Txuag Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Kev Siv Twj Tso Kua Roj
Qhov ceev cuam tshuam rau viscosity—qhov ceev ntau dua ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv rau kev txav mus los dawb. Yog li ntawd, kev twj cov electrolyte xav tau ntau lub zog ntawm qhov ceev ntau dua; kev tswj qhov ceev tuaj yeem muab kev txuag hluav taws xob ntau. Cov kev daws teeb meem qis dua txo qhov rub viscous, ua rau muaj kev ncig electrolyte thiab kev tshem tawm cua sov zoo dua, txhawb nqa kev siv hluav taws xob txo qis hauv kev siv tooj liab electrorefining. Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom xwb tab sis kuj rau kev tswj tus nqi ua haujlwm; cov cuab yeej zoo li Lonnmeter ua rau muaj kev soj ntsuam qhov ceev ntawm cov tooj liab electrolyte, ua kom zoo dua cov sijhawm twj thiab kev siv hluav taws xob.
Kev Cuam Tshuam rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Tam Sim No, Kev Txhim Kho Lub Hwj Chim Hluav Taws Xob, thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Tag Nrho
Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tooj liab thiab cov kua qaub (uas pom tau hauv cov electrolyte density) tswj kev txav mus los ntawm ion, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tam sim no hauv kev ua kom tooj liab electrorefining. Kev ceev dhau ua rau kev thauj mus los ntawm ion qeeb, ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell nce thiab txo kev ua haujlwm. Ntawm cov qib ceev zoo tagnrho, cov ions tooj liab txav mus rau cathode tau zoo, txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab thiab tswj lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell. Kev ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell zoo dua hauv kev ua kom tooj liab zoo dua yog qhov tseem ceeb - siab dhau ua rau cov nqi zog thiab kev tso cai tsis huv, qis dhau cuam tshuam cov nqi tsim khoom.Kev tswj qhov ceev ntawm cov electrolyteua kom cov txiaj ntsig no ntse dua, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov kev hloov pauv them thiab cathode tsim cov nqi zoo tshaj plaws. Cov qauv lej lees paub qhov txuas ncaj qha ntawm qhov ceev ntawm electrolyte, kev ua haujlwm tam sim no, thiab lub zog ntawm lub cell.
Lub Luag Haujlwm hauv Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Electrolyte Conductivity thiab Txo Qhov Impurity Codeposition
Kev ua kom cov electrolyte conductivity zoo dua nyob ntawm kev tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tooj liab sulfate. Yog tias qhov ceev nce ntxiv los ntawm kev thauj khoom ntau dhau lossis qhov kub thiab txias, conductivity poob qis, ua rau lub zog ntawm lub cell nce ntxiv thiab ua rau cov khoom zoo tsis zoo. Cov electrolytes uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntau kuj ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom tsis huv - cov khoom khov thiab cov khoom yaj (nickel, lead) yuav raug txwv tsis pub txav lossis txo qis ntawm qhov chaw cathode, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntxiv tsis raug lossis cov xwm txheej ntws tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv kev tso cov khoom tsis huv hauv kev ua kom tooj liab rov ua dua yuav tsum tau tswj cov khoom ntom ntom thiab cov khoom sib xyaw, kev ntsuas cov kua ntom ntom hauv kev ua kom tooj liab rov ua dua, thiab kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov tooj liab sulfate thiab cov kua qaub. Txoj hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke no txo cov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom tsis huv (cov khoom me me, kev suav nrog electrolyte, thiab kev sib koom ua ke) thiab txhawb nqa cov hom phiaj tswj xyuas zoo ntawm cov tooj liab cathode.
Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ceev hauv cov qib uas tau teem tseg siv cov ntsuas qhov ceev niaj hnub zoo li Lonnmeter txhawb nqa kev huv ntawm electrolyte, txo cov nqi zog, ua kom muaj kev tsim khoom ntau dua, thiab txhawb nqa kev tsim cov tooj liab uas muaj qhov huv siab, qhia txog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thoob plaws txhua qhov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua tooj liab electrorefining.
Kev Kho Kom Zoo ntawm Tooj Liab - Kev Kho Mob Nto Electroplating
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Kev Sib Koom Tes ntawm Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev rau Kev Kho Kom Zoo Li Lub Sijhawm Tiag
Qhov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ceev yog nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev koom ua ke tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hauv cov txheej txheem tswj kev ua haujlwm. Kev koom ua ke nrog SCADA, kev nyeem qhov ceev nyob los ntawm cov cuab yeej xws li Lonnmeter ncaj qha qhia cov voj voog tswj tseem ceeb:
- Kev kho qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell: Kho cov teeb meem tam sim no thiab hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, raws li qhov ntsuas ntawm cov electrolyte, zam kev poob overpotential thiab txo kev siv zog tsis tsim nyog.
- Kev tswj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tam sim no: Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm lub hom phiaj ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm tam sim no los ntawm kev khaws cov ion concentration zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cathode, ua kom cov hlau tso tawm ntau tshaj plaws thiab txo cov kab mob parasitic.
- Kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov electrolyte conductivity: Kev tswj qhov ceev kom zoo ua kom cov electrolyte tseem muaj conductivity zoo, txhawb nqa kev tso hlau zoo thiab sib xws thoob plaws hauv cov electrorefining cell.
- Kev tiv thaiv kev tso cov khoom tsis huv: Los ntawm kev tswj cov yam ntxwv ntawm electrolyte, cov ntaub ntawv ceev nrooj tiag tiag pab tswj cov xwm txheej uas nyiam xaiv cov tooj liab tso rau hauv, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tso cov khoom tsis huv xws li nickel lossis hlau.
Cov txiaj ntsig rau kev ntseeg siab, kev daws teeb meem, thiab kev sib xws
Kev koom ua ke cov cuab yeej siv tiag tiag hauv lub platform SCADA uas muaj zog ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntseeg tau. Cov neeg teb xov tooj tau txais kev pom tseeb ntawm cov cim qhia tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem txhua lub sijhawm, ua kom nrawm dua kev ntes thiab teb rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab electrolyte.
Txoj kev qhia no muab:
- Kev daws teeb meem zoo dua: Kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tam sim ntawd thiab cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm txhawb nqa kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ua rau thaum cov khoom tsis zoo lossis cov hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell nce siab tsis tau xav txog.
- Kev ntseeg siab rau kev ua haujlwm: Kev tswj hwm uas tsav los ntawm tus qauv txo cov txheej txheem tsis zoo, txo qhov tsis ua haujlwm, thiab tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej kim xws li kev tsim cov cathode uas muaj cov khoom tsis huv.
- Kev sib xws ntawm pawg: Kev tswj hwm tsis siv neeg ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li qhov ceev thiab qhov kub ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tso tooj liab sib xws los ntawm ib pawg mus rau ib pawg lossis thaum lub sijhawm khiav tas mus li.
- Txo kev siv hluav taws xob: Kev ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell zoo tshaj plaws thiab txo qhov tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov electrolyte cua sov ncaj qha txo cov nqi ua haujlwm.
- Txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tam sim no: Los ntawm kev tuav cov xwm txheej electrolyte zoo tshaj plaws, ntau qhov kev nkag hluav taws xob txhais tau tias yog kev rov qab los ntawm tooj liab ntshiab es tsis yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab.
- Kev txuag hluav taws xob ntawm kev twj tso kua mis: Kev saib xyuas qhov ceev ntawm electrolyte ua rau kev tswj hwm lub twj tso kua mis ua haujlwm tau zoo, zam kev ncig ntau dhau lossis cavitation, ua rau lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv ntev dua.
Cov txiaj ntsig no ua ke los txhawb kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cov tooj liab cathode thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tsim khoom tag nrho thiab kev ua raws li ib puag ncig hauv kev ua haujlwm electrorefining niaj hnub no.
Cov Kev Xyaum Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Kev Siv Cov Ntsuas Qhov Ceev ntawm Cov Kua hauv Kev Ua Tooj Liab Electrorefining
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Teeb Tsa thiab Kev Ntsuas rau Cov Tshuaj Sib Xyaws Uas Muaj Cov Acid Ntau
Kev xaiv lub ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua dej kom raug rau kev siv tooj liab electrorefining pib nrog nws cov khoom siv. Cov khoom ntub dej yuav tsum tiv taus cov concentration ntawm sulfuric acid thiab tooj liab sulfate. PTFE, PFA, PVDF, thiab iav yog cov khoom siv nyiam, muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion txhim khu kev qha hauv cov chaw electrolyte hnyav. Yuav tsum zam cov hlau tshwj tsis yog tias xav tau; siv tsuas yog cov qib high-alloy xws li Hastelloy C-276 lossis titanium yog tias cov khoom hlau tsis tuaj yeem zam.
Kev teeb tsa yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas qhia txog cov electrolyte tooj liab uas muaj ntau. Tsis txhob cia cov cheeb tsam tsis ntws lossis cov chaw uas electrolyte faib ua pawg. Cov kab ncig lossis cov kab rov ua dua yog qhov zoo tagnrho, ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid thiab kev nyeem cov ntom ntom sib xws. Lub voj voog bypass cia koj cais lub 'meter' thaum lub sijhawm calibration lossis kev saib xyuas, ua kom ruaj khov rau cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm thiab txo cov sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev hloov pauv kub hloov pauv qhov ceev ntawm cov kua qaub sulfuric thiab, los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv, cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov electrolyte tooj liab. Txuas lub ntsuas kub nrog rau lub ntsuas qhov ceev thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm kho qhov kub ntawm koj lub cuab yeej. Siv cov qauv calibration uas ua raws li qhov tseeb ntawm cov tooj liab thiab cov kua qaub hauv koj lub Hoobkas. Qhov no ua kom koj lub ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua rau electrolyte muab cov ntaub ntawv tseeb, ua tau rau kev lees paub zoo ntawm cov tooj liab cathode thiab kev ua kom zoo dua tam sim no hauv kev ua kom tooj liab electrorefining.
Tswj cov dej ntws los ntawm lub ntsuas qhov ceev kom ruaj khov. Kev co siab ua rau muaj suab nrov thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tshuab, thaum kev ntws tsawg tuaj yeem ntes cov npuas dej, ua rau cov ntawv nyeem tsis meej. Muab tag nrho cov xov hlau sib txuas ua ke thiab cais cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob. Cov electrolyte qhov kev coj ua siab ua rau cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws muaj kev pheej hmoo, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell thiab kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm tooj liab cathode.
Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Sib Haum Xeeb nrog Cov Electrolytes Uas Muaj Zog
Nruab cov ntaub thaiv dej txaws thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv thib ob nyob ib puag ncig lub ntsuas qhov ceev qhov twg cov neeg ua haujlwm raug rau cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kua qaub sulfate-sulfuric acid. Tso cov paib ceeb toom thiab cov kev txwv tsis pub nkag mus ze rau txhua qhov chaw teeb tsa lub ntsuas. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov khoom sib txuas, cov foob, thiab cov kev sib txuas sib haum nrog cov electrolytes hnyav, zam cov elastomers thiab cov yas uas tsis tau ntsuas rau cov xwm txheej acid thiab oxidative siab.
Kev cais hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas hauv av ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis ncaj ncees lawm tau nce ntxiv hauv kev siv tooj liab electrorefining, uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau qhov tseeb ntawm lub sensor thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej. Tsis tu ncua tshuaj xyuas cov khoom thaiv thiab cov khoom cais kom tiv thaiv kev ua yuam kev txaus ntshai.
Cov Lus Qhia rau Kev Koom Tes Ua Ke Zoo rau Cov Haujlwm Uas Muaj Lawm
Muab lub ntsuas qhov ceev sib xyaw rau hauv koj lub Hoobkas lub kaw lus tswj uas twb muaj lawm, siv cov zis digital rau kev saib xyuas cov electrolyte tooj liab tiag tiag. Muab cov ntsuas tso rau hauv cov kav dej tseem ceeb lossis cov voj voog rov ua dua rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv nruab nrab. Siv cov kev teeb tsa bypass rau kev cais tawm sai thaum xav tau kev ntsuas lossis kev saib xyuas, tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cell thiab txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm tam sim no hauv kev ua tooj liab electrorefining.
Sib koom tes nrog cov kws ua haujlwm txheej txheem los txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsuas qhov ceev siv cov qauv ntws; kev tshawb fawb CFD tuaj yeem taw qhia qhov chaw faib thiab thaj chaw sib xyaw. Siv cov zis ntawm lub ntsuas los tsav kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg rau lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub xov tooj thiab electrolyte conductivity, ua kom zoo dua kev siv hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv kev ua kom tsis huv thaum lub sijhawm ua kom tooj liab.
Tsim kom muaj cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis tu ncua, siv cov qauv piv txwv uas phim cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov kua tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid ntawm lub Hoobkas. Lub sijhawm saib xyuas thiab kev tsim qauv nkag mus sai ua rau rov qab tau sai tom qab ntxuav lossis kho, txo qis kev poob khoom tsim tau thiab txhawb nqa kev txuag hluav taws xob hauv kev siv hluav taws xob.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua dej hauv kev siv tooj liab electrorefining yog dab tsi?
Ib lub ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua, xws li Lonnmeter, muab kev saib xyuas tas mus li, lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov sib tov ntawm cov tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid hauv cov hlwb electrorefining tooj liab. Qhov no ua rau cov neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov electrolyte ua qhov qhia ncaj qha ntawm cov tooj liab thiab sulfuric acid concentrations - ob qho tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cov tooj liab cathode. Cov ntaub ntawv ceev tas mus li sib xyaw nrog cov txheej txheem tswj hwm, tso cai rau kev hloov kho qhov kub thiab txias, tus nqi pub, thiab cov kua qaub concentration, txo qis kev vam khom rau kev kuaj tes. Txoj hauv kev no ua rau muaj kev sib xws hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov tooj liab electrolyte, txhawb nqa cov xwm txheej tsom mus rau kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tooj liab cathode thiab txo qis kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov electrolyte density cuam tshuam li cas rau cathode tooj liab qhov kev lees paub zoo?
Qhov ceev ntawm cov electrolyte qhia txog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tooj liab thiab sulfuric acid hauv cov kua. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov teeb liab hloov pauv hauv qhov concentration, uas, yog tias tsis kho, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xav tau ntawm cov khoom tsis huv xws li nickel, tin, lossis antimony ntawm cathode. Kev tswj hwm qhov ntau ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv kev tsis huv ntawm qhov codeposition, txhawb nqa cathode tooj liab zoo kev lees paub thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom tooj liab kawg ua tau raws li cov kev cai huv huv. Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev siab kuj pab hauv kev kuaj mob teeb meem nrog kev suav nrog electrolyte, ntxiv dag zog rau kev siv zog tswj hwm qhov zoo ntawm tooj liab cathode.
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev kom raug puas tuaj yeem pab txo kev siv hluav taws xob?
Yog. Kev ntsuas qhov ceev kom raug ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm zoo dua ntawm cov sib tov tooj liab sulfate-sulfuric acid, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau electrolyte conductivity. Vim tias conductivity txiav txim siab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub cell uas xav tau los tsav cov tooj liab tso tawm, kev tswj qhov ceev zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev ntsuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ua kom muaj kev poob zog tsawg kawg nkaus - txhawb nqa ob qho tib si kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm lub cell voltage thiab txo kev siv zog hauv kev ua tooj liab electrorefining. Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev kom zoo kuj txo cov twj tso kua mis thiab kev sib tov tsis tsim nyog, txo qis kev xav tau hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm.
Vim li cas qhov ua tau zoo tam sim no hauv electrorefining tooj liab nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm electrolyte?
Kev ua haujlwm tam sim no ntsuas qhov feem pua ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas siv los tso cov tooj liab ntshiab. Qhov ceev zoo tshaj plaws lav tias cov electrolyte xa cov nyiaj sib npaug ntawm cov ions tooj liab thiab cov kua qaub, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev thauj cov ion zoo. Yog tias qhov ceev poob sab nraud ntawm qhov ntau uas pom zoo, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab nraud tsis xav tau (xws li hydrogen lossis oxygen evolution) tuaj yeem tshwm sim, hloov cov tam sim no tawm ntawm cov tooj liab tso thiab txo qis kev ua haujlwm tam sim no. Kev khaws cov ceev hauv qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tam sim no hauv kev ua kom tooj liab zoo.
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua dej pab txhawb rau kev txuag hluav taws xob li cas?
Kev ncig thiab cov nqi ntws ntawm cov electrolyte yuav tsum phim cov viscosity thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev faib tawm tam sim no thiab kev tso tooj liab. Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov kua dej tiag tiag muab cov lus teb meej rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom electrolyte, ua rau muaj kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg ntawm cov twj tso kua dej ceev thiab cov txheej txheem sib tov. Los ntawm kev tswj qhov ceev kom raug, cov nroj tsuag zam kev twj tso kua dej ntau dhau, yog li ua tiav kev txuag hluav taws xob hauv kev siv hluav taws xob thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev txo qis kev hnav khoom siv. Qhov no kuj txo qhov muaj peev xwm rau cov khoom tsis huv hauv zos thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tooj liab tsis sib xws vim yog thaj chaw tsis khov hauv lub dab dej electrolyte.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-05-2025
