Kev Taw Qhia Txog Pellet Pressing hauv XRF Analysis
Kev nias cov pellet yog ib txoj kev tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cov qauv rau X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). XRF yog ib txoj kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom uas cov qauv raug rau cov duab X-rays muaj zog heev, ua rau cov atoms tso tawm cov duab X-rays fluorescent thib ob, tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom. Lub spectrometer ntes thiab ntsuas cov pa phem no, ua rau muaj kev ntsuam xyuas sai, ntau yam khoom rau cov qauv khov, kua, thiab hmoov.
Kev npaj cov pellet uas nias ua kom cov qauv hmoov raug nias ua cov discs ntom ntom thiab sib npaug. Txoj kev no txo qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua thiab qhov ntxhib ntawm qhov chaw, uas - yog tias tsis kho - tuaj yeem nqus lossis tawg cov duab X-rays, ua rau kev tshuaj xyuas tsis raug. Thaum cov hmoov raug nias rau hauv cov pellets, txoj kev X-ray hla cov qauv yuav ruaj khov thiab rov ua dua, ua rau muaj kev ntsuas cov ntsiab lus meej dua thiab txhim kho kev nkag siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntsiab lus sib dua xws li magnesium lossis silicon.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Npaj Pellet
Cov Kev Xaiv Hauv Kev Npaj Pellet
In Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), qhov kev ua tiav ntawm cov qauv thiab qhov sib xws ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ua dua tshiab. Txhua txoj kev npaj pellet - hmoov huv si, hlaws dai sib xyaw, thiab pellet nias - muaj cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo sib txawv uas haum rau ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.
Cov txheej txheem nias pellet yog siv dav vim lawv ua kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm qhov tseeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Los ntawm kev nias cov hmoov qauv kom sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv cov pellets du, tsis muaj qhov khoob, cov txheej txheem no txo qhov sib txawv thiab txo qhov tawg ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb thaum kuaj pom cov khoom sib dua. Cov txheej txheem hauv chav kuaj pom zoo kom siv cov qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom sib xws, feem ntau tsawg dua 50 µm, kom ua kom cov qauv sib xws thaum lub sijhawm nias thiab tiv thaiv kev tsis sib xws hauv kev ntsuas qhov rhiab heev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom sib xws tsis txaus lossis kev nias tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau lub pellet puas tsuaj, ua rau tawg lossis tsis rov ua dua hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom me me.
Cov txheej txheem hmoov zoo, txawm hais tias ua haujlwm sai thiab pheej yig, feem ntau muaj teeb meem nrog kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom me me thiab qhov chaw tsis du. Cov teeb meem no qhia tau tias muaj kev tawg ntau ntxiv thiab txo qhov rhiab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom uas muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov sib xyaw tsawg. Yog li ntawd, kev nias hmoov zoo yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej es tsis yog kev tshuaj xyuas ntau.
Xrf Pelletising Rau Cov Qauv Khoom
*
Cov txheej txheem fused bead kov yeej ntau yam teebmeem matrix uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv hmoov los ntawm kev yaj cov qauv hauv flux - feem ntau yog lithium borate - thiab tsim cov iav hlaws homogeneous. Txoj kev no muab kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg zoo heev thiab kev sib xws, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntau yam khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teeb meem ua tau zoo xws li kev ua qias tuaj ntawm flux lossis kev yaj tsis tiav yuav tsum tau tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias, flux ratios, thiab cov xwm txheej sib xyaw. Cov khoom siv fusion siab heev nrog kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias tsis siv neeg thiab kev siv platinum crucible tuaj yeem txo cov kev pheej hmoo no, tab sis kev npaj fused bead tseem siv sijhawm ntau dua thiab siv peev txheej ntau dua piv rau kev nias pellet.
Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, kev nias hmoov zoo heev—ua ke kev sib tsoo ntub kom tsawg dua 4 µm nrog kev nias siab heev—tau tshwm sim ua ib txoj hauv kev zoo dua rau cov matrices nyuaj. Cov pellets no qhia txog kev txo qis ntawm kev tsis paub meej txog kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab kev txhim kho loj hauv kev nrhiav cov ntsiab lus me me ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho kev sib xws thiab kev du ntawm qhov chaw.
Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem npaj pellet zoo tshaj plaws nyob ntawm ntau yam:
- Cov qauv sib xyaw thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm matrix:Cov ntaub ntawv uas nyuaj rau sib xyaw ua ke tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov hlaws dai sib xyaw lossis cov hmoov zoo heev.
- Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas:Kev rhiab heev rau cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj neeg xav tau cov txheej txheem uas txo qis keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab txhim kho kev rov ua dua, zoo li cov pellets nias lossis sib xyaw.
- Kev txwv ntawm kev siv thiab tus nqi:Rau kev tshuaj xyuas kev lag luam niaj hnub, cov pellets nias muab kev ceev thiab kev sib xws yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj hauv kev tshuaj xyuas zoo.
- Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj:Cov txheej txheem uas txo qis kev siv cov qauv thiab xav tau tsawg dua cov khoom ntxiv txo qhov yuav muaj kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev cuam tshuam kev soj ntsuam.
Kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev nias - lub zog, tuab, thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom sib txuas - yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo ntawm pellet thoob plaws txhua txoj kev.
Lub Luag Haujlwm thiab Kev Xaiv Cov Ntawv Txuas
Cov kua nplaum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov pellet rau XRF. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los sib sau ua ke cov qauv hmoov ua cov pellets muaj zog, sib koom ua ke uas tiv taus kev tuav thiab kev tshuaj xyuas yam tsis tawg lossis tawg. Cov nplaum uas tau xaiv zoo ua rau cov qauv zoo dua thiab tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj, ob qho tib si yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntaub ntawv XRF sib xws, siab daws teeb meem.
Polyvinyl cawv (PVA) sawv tawm ua ib qho kua nplaum zoo. Thaum siv rau ntawm qhov sib piv zoo tshaj plaws (piv txwv li, 7: 1 qauv rau cov nplaum), PVA ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom me me ntub thiab faib tawm, ua rau cov pellets nrog cov coefficients sib txawv hauv qab 2%. Cov pellets no qhia tau tias muaj zog heev, ruaj khov thoob plaws hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, thiab tshem tawm qhov xav tau kev kho mob ntxiv. Qhov hnyav molecular thiabPVA concentrationcuam tshuam rau lub zog ntsuab thiab kev sib sau ua ke, pab txhawb kev tsim cov pellet muaj zog thaum txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj.
Tej zaum yuav siv lwm cov khoom sib txuas xws li cellulose lossis cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov quav ciab nyob ntawm seb yuav tsum tau ua li cas thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov qauv kuaj. Cellulose ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov ntxiv, thaum cov quav ciab tuaj yeem ua rau cov qauv kuaj hydrophobic sib xws thiab txo qhov sib txhuam ntawm cov cuab yeej nias.
Cov kua nplaum muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb dua li cov nplaum qhuav lossis hmoov:
- Lawv txhim kho qhov sib xws ntawm cov qauv pellet los ntawm kev faib cov khoom sib npaug thaum lub sijhawm compaction.
- Cov khoom khi tiv thaiv kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom me me, txo qhov tsis sib xws uas yuav ua rau qhov rhiab heev ntawm kev kuaj pom thiab kev ntsuas rov ua dua.
- Los ntawm kev txo qhov kev sib cuag ncaj qha ntawm cov qauv thiab cov nto ntawm lub tshuab nias, cov kua nplaum tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntsiab lus uas qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem ua rau cov txiaj ntsig tsis sib xws.
- Kev siv cov binder zoo tshaj plaws daws tau cov teeb meem uas ua rau pellet tawg, txhawb nqa kev nias pellet ruaj khov thiab txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.
Piv txwv qhia tau tias kev siv PVA uas muaj qhov hnyav molecular nruab nrab hauv daim ntawv aqueous tas li tsim cov pellets nrog cov dej noo zoo, muaj zog lo, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev ua qias tuaj. Kev siv cov txheej txheem ua tiav nrog kev tswj kom qhuav ua rau cov pellets nias tsis muaj substrate, tshem tawm kev kho saum npoo ntxiv.
Hauv kev xaus, qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov kua nplaum - PVA tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lossis lwm txoj hauv kev uas tau tsim los rau cov qauv tshuaj - yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov pellet zoo dua, kev ntsuas qhov tseeb, thiab cov txheej txheem rov ua dua hauv x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
Cov Yam Tseem Ceeb Uas Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Pellet
Kev Txhim Kho Qhov Sib Npaug ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Binder
Optimizing qhovkev sib xyaw ua keyog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom cov pellet ruaj khov rau kev siv x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Txoj hauv kev uas tau txais kev txhawb nqa dav dav yog kom muaj qhov sib piv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov khoom sib txuas ntawm 7: 1 thiab 10: 1 los ntawm pawg. Rau cov qauv ib txwm muaj, qhov no sib npaug rau 10-14% cov khoom sib txuas, xws li polyvinyl cawv (PVA) lossis cellulose, uas raug xaiv rau lawv qhov kev cuam tshuam XRF tsawg kawg nkaus. Qhov sib piv no yog los ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab cov txheej txheem kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob, qhia tau tias nws tsim cov pellets nrog kev sib xws, kev sib koom ua ke zoo dua, thiab kev ntsuas rov ua dua hauv spectroscopy.
Cov pellets uas tsim nyob rau hauv qhov sib piv zoo tshaj plaws no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, uas tiv thaiv kev tawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm tuav thiab hloov mus rau XRF kev tshuaj xyuas. Txawm li cas los xij, cov binder tsawg dhau ua rau pellet tawg lossis hmoov tawg, ua rau qhov chaw npaj qauv thiab XRF cov cuab yeej ua qias tuaj. Cov binder tsis txaus kuj cuam tshuam nrog kev ntsuas rov ua dua qis dua vim yog cov qauv pellet tsis sib xws. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov binder ntau dhau ua rau muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Kev siv ntau dhau (ntau tshaj 14% los ntawm qhov hnyav) tuaj yeem txo qhov rhiab heev ntawm kev kuaj pom vim tias cov binder ua rau lub hom phiaj analyte tsis sib xws thiab ua rau muaj cov teebmeem matrix tsis xav tau, ua rau kev txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas nyuaj. Cov binder ntau kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm pellet compaction; kev tshawb fawb txog tshuab lees paub tias tom qab qhov txwv, ntau cov binder tuaj yeem ua rau cov pellets mos dua, tsis muaj zog tshwj tsis yog tias muaj kev nias siab ntau ntxiv ua ke.
Kev xaiv cov binder kuj tseem ceeb heev. Polyvinyl cawv (PVA) yog qhov nyiam siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem nias pellet vim nws tsis pom XRF thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov pellets ruaj khov, sib xws, txhawb nqa ob qho tib si kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv niaj hnub thiab cov khoom me me. Cov kua binder rau kev ua pellet qee zaum siv los pab sib tov tab sis yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj kom meej kom tsis txhob muaj ntau dhau, uas yuav ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Cov txheej txheem npaj pellet rau spectroscopy pom zoo kom pib nrog 7: 1 feem pua thiab kho kom zoo raws li kev sim lub zog thiab kev ntsuas ntsuas raws li cov qauv.
Cov duab qhia piv rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm pellet piv rau qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas qhia txog qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 7: 1–10: 1, nrog rau qhov nce ntxiv ntawm qhov tawg uas pom hauv qab 8% ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas thiab qhov txo qis ntawm qhov muaj zog ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntau dua 14% (saib Piv Txwv 1). Qhov no qhia txog qhov xav tau kev sib npaug ntawm qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv siab tshaj plaws thiab lub zog teeb liab XRF zoo tshaj plaws.
Qauv Sib Tsoo thiab Homogenization
Kev ua kom cov pellet ruaj khov kuj xav tau kev sib tsoo thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv. Kev txo qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me tas li yog qhov tseem ceeb; cov qauv sib tsoo kom tsawg dua 50 μm muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw thiab sau cov qhov kom zoo thaum nias, ua rau cov ntsej muag pellet du thiab du. Cov khoom me me txo cov duab ntxoov ntxoo hauv txoj kev x-ray thiab xyuas kom meej tias XRF kev txhawb siab thiab kev tso tawm tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qhov khoob lossis cov khoom ntim tsis sib xws, ncaj qha txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas. Cov khoom loj dua, sib txawv feem ntau sib cais thaum lub sijhawm nias pellet, ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog hauv zos lossis pellet tawg.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv kuaj kom zoo ua kom muaj kev faib tawm ntawm ob qho tib si binder thiab analyte. Qhov no ua tiav tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, xws li kev sib tsoo pob, lossis kev sib xyaw ntev hauv lub tshuab homogenizer. Tom qab pib sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv kuaj hauv av thiab binder, kev sib tsoo ntxiv lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw ua ke txhua yam binder stratified, yog li tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj zog uas cov pellet yuav tawg thaum nias. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm homogenization raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev thaij duab pellet cross-section thiab kev tshuaj xyuas kom sib xws; kev faib tawm tsis sib xws feem ntau tshwm sim ua thaj chaw ntawm kev sib txawv compaction lossis cov ntsiab lus tsis xav tau hauv XRF mapping.
Thaum siv cov txheej txheem npaj pellet rau spectroscopy, kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem sib tov thiab cov chaw sib tsoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev rov ua dua. Cov txheej txheem kev lag luam pom zoo kom sib tov cov binder thiab analyte tom qab ua ntej milling, tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm zeb lossis ntxiv cov kauj ruam sib tov kom txog thaum tus qauv faib tawm yog visually lossis analytically sib xws. Ob theem no - sib tsoo ua raws li ntau kauj ruam homogenization - txo qis qhov kev ntsuas sib txawv thiab txhim kho txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv pellet tawg, raws li pom hauv kev tshawb fawb qhov twg pellet tawg nqi tau txo qis los ntawm ib nrab los ntawm kev sib xyaw zoo.
Hauv kev xaus lus, ob qho tib si kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov binder thiab kev sib tsoo / kev sib xyaw ua ke yog cov yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj khov ntawm cov pellet. Lawv ua ke sib pab: qhov sib piv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov binder tsis tuaj yeem them rau cov qauv tsis zoo, thiab txawm tias qhov sib tsoo zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau sib phim nrog cov ntsiab lus binder kom raug rau cov pellets ruaj khov, siab-kev ncaj ncees siv hauv kev tshuaj xyuas XRF. Cov kev coj ua no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv pellet, cov txheej txheem nias pellet ruaj khov, thiab kev ua pellet zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshuaj xyuas XRF.
Xyuas kom meej tias cov qauv pellet muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab tiv thaiv kom cov pellet tawg
Cov Xwm Txheej thiab Cov Txuj Ci Tseem Ceeb
Kev ua kom cov pellet zoo hauv X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm kev nias, lub sijhawm nyob, thiab kev faib cov binder sib npaug. Qhov siab zoo tshaj plaws rau lub pwm 40 hli feem ntau yog ntawm 15 thiab 35 tons. Qhov ntau no tsim cov pellets ntom ntom, tsis tawg uas sib xws nrog ob qho tib si kev tshuaj xyuas ib txwm thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nias ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau sab hauv tawg lossis puas tsuaj rau saum npoo, ua rau kev tshuaj xyuas tsis raug.
Lub sijhawm nyob twj ywm—tuav lub zog nias rau ib mus rau ob feeb—ua kom cov pellet uas raug nias sib xyaw ua ke tag nrho. Kev maj mam txo qhov nias tom qab lub sijhawm nyob twj ywm yog qhov tseem ceeb; kev tso tawm lub zog sai sai feem ntau ua rau muaj cua nkag thiab kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, ua rau cov pellets tawg lossis laminated.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv sib txuas, xws li polyvinyl cawv (PVA), thiab kev hloov kho qhov sib piv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv pellet. Kev faib cov khoom sib txuas sib npaug tiv thaiv cov cheeb tsam tsis muaj zog thiab kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Kev tshawb fawb lees paub tias cov khoom sib txuas thiab hmoov sib xyaw ua ke kuj txo qis kev ua qias tuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom xoob. Cov khoom sib txuas tsis sib npaug tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua cov pellet delaminations thiab tom qab nias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab tso tawm sai sai. Cov pellets nias nrog cov khoom sib txuas zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom me me hauv qab 50 µm qhia txog kev ruaj khov thiab du zoo dua.
Lub sijhawm qhuav thiab kev tuav tom qab nias ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov pellet. Kev cia cov pellets qhuav tag yuav tshem tawm cov dej noo seem, uas yuav ua rau cov khoom sib txuas sab hauv tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau tawg thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj ntsuam xyuas. Kev tshem tawm ntawm lub pwm kom zoo thiab kev tuav tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thiab kev tawg.
Txhim Kho Kev Ntsuas Rov Ua Dua
Kev ntsuas rov ua dua hauv X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy vam khom kev txo qis qhov sib txawv ntawm pellet-rau-pellet. Kev ua kom lub siab, lub sijhawm nyob, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom sib txuas thoob plaws txhua pawg yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb. Kev ntxuav cov pwm thiab cov cuab yeej nias ntawm cov qauv kuaj ntau zaus tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab kev cuam tshuam.
Kev tswj kev ua qias tuaj raug txhawb nqa los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom sib txuas xws li PVA, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab muaj zog pellet cohesion. Kev sib xyaw cov hmoov thiab cov khoom sib txuas tsis tu ncua—siv cov txheej txheem xws li vortex mixing lossis rotary blenders—ua rau cov pellets muaj cov qauv compaction thiab analyte dilutions sib xws.
Yuav kom ua tau zoo dua qub, siv cov tshuaj calibrated dosing ntawm cov binder thiab cov qauv piv txwv. Siv cov txheej txheem npaj hmoov uas tsim cov khoom me me hauv qab 50 µm kom txo qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntim. Cov khoom siv xws li cov ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab thiab cov ntsuas viscosity los ntawm Lonnmeter pab txhawb rau qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov binder thiab cov qauv piv txwv ua ntej nias, kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem tsim pellet ruaj khov.
Qhov chaw ua haujlwm huv si thiab tswj tau—tsis muaj cov khoom me me hauv huab cua thiab cov hmoov seem—tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj sab nraud thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov pellet. Kev faib cov binder sib xws thiab cov kauj ruam txheej txheem txheem ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv hauv kev kuaj pom X-ray fluorescence thiab kev ntsuas qhov tseeb.
Ua tiav Kev Txheeb Xyuas Qhov Tseeb thiab Kev Tshawb Pom Zoo Dua
Kev sib npaug thiab kev sib npaug
Kev tsim cov pellet sib xws yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev rhiab heev ntawm kev kuaj pom thiab kev ntsuas qhov tseeb. Thaum cov hmoov qauv raug sib tsoo zoo thiab sib xyaw nrog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws, txhua thaj tsam ntawm cov pellet nthuav tawm cov matrix sib xws rau cov duab X-ray. Qhov kev sib xws no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov teebmeem nqus thiab kev tawg tseem nyob ruaj khov, yog li cov ntsiab lus me me thiab cov ntsiab lus me me tuaj yeem ntes tau zoo dua.
Feem ntau, kev txhim kho hauv kev sib npaug ua rau muaj kev nce qib zoo hauv kev ntsuas rov ua dua. Piv txwv li, kev tshuaj xyuas rov ua dua ntawm cov pellets geological nias nrog polyvinyl cawv (PVA) binder ntawm kev tswj hwm concentration qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qab 2%. Hauv kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntsiab lus kab, cov pellets zoo-homogenized txo qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov muaj zog thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov ceev lossis qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me. Cov ntaub ntawv sim ua pov thawj tias cov pellets nias tas li ua tau zoo dua cov hmoov xoob, nrog kev nkag siab zoo rau cov ntsiab lus qis-concentration (xws li fluorine lossis sodium) thiab cov kab calibration ruaj khov heev. Thaum pellet uniformity nce ntxiv, qhov yuam kev random thiab systematic tshwm sim los ntawm cov qauv heterogeneity raug txo qis, tsa kev ntseeg siab hauv kev nrhiav pom ob qho tib si tseem ceeb thiab kab.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev xaiv cov kua nplaum yog qhov tseem ceeb. Polyvinyl cawv (PVA) hauv qhov sib piv tswj hwm zoo muab kev ruaj khov kho thiab ua kom muaj kev faib tawm sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv analyte. Kev tswj hwm qhov concentration - feem ntau 20-30% los ntawm qhov hnyav rau cov nplaum - tiv thaiv kev tawg, kev tawg, thiab kev sib cais ceev, yog li txhua lub pellet muab qhov sawv cev tiag tiag ntawm cov qauv loj. Kev sib tsoo zoo rau qhov loj me me hauv qab 10 μm ua raws li kev sib zog siab tshem tawm cov pa thiab cov qauv tsis zoo, ntxiv txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw analytical thiab kev ua dua tshiab.
Kev Txheeb Xyuas Txog Kev Txheeb Xyuas
Kev lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev rhiab heev ntawm kev kuaj pom yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem suav lej zoo. Cov chaw soj nstuam feem ntau vam khom kev ntsuas rov ua dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv tau ntawv pov thawj (CRMs) los ntsuas qhov tseeb (rov ua dua) thiab qhov tseeb (kev pom zoo nrog cov nqi tau ntawv pov thawj). Rau cov pellets nias uas qhia txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev ntsuas intra-day thiab inter-day deviations tseem nyob hauv qab 2% rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, lees paub qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig rau kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub thiab kab. Qhov kev ntsuas siab no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv cov khoom sib txuas PVA zoo tshaj plaws: "Kev txhim kho pellet kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv ua tiav nrog cov piv PVA zoo tshaj plaws ua rau muaj kev ntsuas XRF rov ua dua, raug nrog <2% kev hloov pauv."
Kev lees paub qhov ntau thiab tsawg txuas ntxiv mus los ntawm kev siv cov kab ntsuas calibration uas tsim los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv siv. Cov no txhawb kev ntseeg siab rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom me me thiab cov khoom me me, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov matrices nyuaj uas xav tau qhov txwv tsis pub kuaj pom. Cov chaw soj nstuam kuj tseem soj ntsuam cov qauv kev ua tau zoo tseem ceeb xws li qhov txwv ntawm kev ntsuas, kev rov ua dua, kev ruaj khov rau cov teebmeem matrix, thiab kev xaiv, kom ntseeg tau tias cov pellets npaj tau tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thoob plaws ntau yam dynamic. Kev lees paub tas mus li, ua ke nrog kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov hloov pauv ntawm cov pellet tsim, txhawb nqa kev ntseeg tau, rov ua dua x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy rau ob qho tib si kev saib xyuas niaj hnub thiab kev tshawb fawb tob tob.
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias kev siv cov txheej txheem npaj pellet no kom zoo—tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev sib xyaw ntawm PVA binder, kev ntsuas cov khoom me me, thiab kev nias theem—ua rau cov pellets sib xws uas lawv cov kev sib cuam tshuam X-ray tseem nyob ruaj khov thoob plaws ntau qhov rov ua dua thiab lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas ntev. Qhov kev sib xws no, uas tau lees paub los ntawm kev suav lej, txhais tau tias muaj kev txhim kho hauv kev rhiab heev, txhawb nqa qhov qis dua ntawm kev ntes thiab kev ntseeg siab ntau dua hauv kev tshaj tawm cov khoom me me.
Kev Siv Tshuaj Dosing Tsis Siv Neeg thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Lub Voj Voog Kaw Hauv Kev Npaj Pellet
Kev tswj hwm kev siv tshuab tsis siv neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb hloov pauv txoj kev npaj pellet rau spectroscopy, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov chaw kuaj mob x-ray fluorescence (XRF) uas muaj zog heev. Hauv kev npaj cov qauv XRF, kev ntxiv cov binders kom raug thiab sib xws—txawm tias yog cov kua binder rau kev ua pellet lossis cov polyvinyl cawv (PVA) binder—muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ruaj khov ntawm cov pellet, kev ua kom cov qauv pellet zoo, thiab kev ntsuas qhov tseeb tag nrho. Cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg ua haujlwm hnyav thiab ntxiv cov binder nrog kev ua haujlwm raug, uas txo qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg thiab qhov yuam kev. Kev tswj hwm zoo li no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev tawg pellet thiab tswj kev ua kom rov ua dua qhov ceev thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw, cov cim ntawm kev ntsuas rov ua dua hauv spectroscopy.
Cov txheej txheem tswj hwm kaw-voj ua rau tus qauv nce ntxiv los ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab ua kom txhua theem ntawm kev nias pellet zoo li qub. Cov txheej txheem no ntsuas cov txheej txheem tsis tu ncua—xws li lub zog nias, lub sijhawm nyob, thiab qhov kub—thaum lub sijhawm tsim pellet. Kev hloov kho tau ua tiav tam sim ntawd kom txhua pellet nyob rau hauv cov qhov rai tshwj xeeb, txhim kho qhov rhiab heev ntawm kev kuaj pom hauv x-ray fluorescence thiab txo qhov sib txawv ntawm pawg. Piv txwv li, cov voj voog tswj hwm qhov kub nplaum ua kom muaj kev sib txuas zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom me me, ua kom ob qho tib si pellet ruaj khov thiab txo cov khib nyiab khi.
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev ntsuas qhov hnyav, kev ntsuas qhov hnyav, thiab kev nias ua haujlwm yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem nias pellet ruaj khov thiab rov ua dua. Hauv kev xyaum, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm pib nrog cov modules dosing uas tau teeb tsa ua ntej faib cov binder kom raug rau ntawm cov qauv hmoov. Cov platforms ntsuas qhov hnyav lossis cov carousels tsis siv neeg ces lees paub qhov hnyav ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv milligram raug, txawm tias suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj xws li hygroscopic lossis deliquescent binders. Kev xa ncaj qha mus rau cov hydraulic lossis servo-driven presses ua tiav lub voj voog, ua tiav cov qauv siab sib xws thiab lub sijhawm nyob rau txhua pellet.
Qhov kev koom ua ke no ua kom muaj kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev xa tawm zoo, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov chaw kuaj XRF loj. Los ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm kev ntsuas qhov hnyav, kev ntsuas qhov hnyav, thiab kev nias hauv ib lub voj voog tsis muaj kev sib khi, cov chaw kuaj tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau txhiab lub pellets ib hnub nrog kev cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj. Cov txheej txheem kuj txhawb nqa kev nthuav dav modular: cov chaw kuaj siab tuaj yeem teeb tsa cov chaw ntsuas ntxiv, cov platform ntsuas qhov hnyav, lossis cov tshuab nias sib xyaw ua ke thaum qhov kev thov loj hlob.
Kev saib xyuas tas mus li—feem ntau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas inline xws liCov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm Lonnmeter—ua kom muaj kev tawm tswv yim tiag tiag. Cov lus tawm tswv yim no xauv rau hauv kev ua pellet zoo tshaj plaws rau XRF los ntawm kev ntes tau sai sai qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev lossis kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom sib txuas thiab ua rau muaj kev kho tam sim ntawd ua ntej kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Kev tswj hwm tsis siv neeg kuj muab cov chaw kuaj mob muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab txhim kho qhov rov ua dua thaum tuav ntau hom binder lossis cov qauv sib txawv. Kev sib xws hauv kev xaiv binder rau kev ruaj khov pellet, ua tiav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg tiag tiag, txhais tau ncaj qha mus rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab kev ntseeg siab dua rau kev ntsuas cov ntsiab lus.
Cov duab kos thiab cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem hauv cov haujlwm tsis ntev los no uas tau tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov phooj ywg qhia txog yuav ua li cas kaw-lub voj voog thiab kev tswj hwm kev noj tshuaj tsis siv neeg txo qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov pellet kom qis dua 1% ntawm cov pawg kuaj loj. Hom kev ruaj khov ua haujlwm no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj pom qhov tsis pom thiab kev sib piv txhim khu kev qha ntawm kev khiav, txhawb nqa cov txiaj ntsig XRF zoo.
Kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev tawm tswv yim tam sim no txhais tau tias yog lub xeev-ntawm-tus-kos duab hauv cov txheej txheem nias pellet rau kev tshuaj xyuas spectroscopic. Kev siv tshuab dosing thiab kev tswj hwm kaw-loop tsis yog cov cuab yeej txuag zog xwb; lawv yog cov tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm rov ua dua, kev ntsuas qhov tseeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw kuaj mob zoo, nthuav dav.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas pellet pressing thiaj tseem ceeb?
Kev siv X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) yog ib txoj kev siv los txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom siv los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov kev tso tawm X-ray ntawm cov atoms thaum raug thawb los ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud. Kev nias pellet yog qhov tseem ceeb vim nws hloov cov qauv hmoov mus rau hauv cov disks ntom ntom, sib npaug, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom faib sib npaug. Qhov tiaj tiaj thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov pellet nias txo qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw uas tuaj yeem tawg X-rays, txo qhov yuam kev ntsuas thiab kev hloov pauv. Kev npaj pellet tas li txhim kho kev rhiab heev ntawm kev ntes, ua rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm XRF raug dua thiab rov ua dua.
Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov binder cuam tshuam li cas rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov pellet thiab kev ua kom cov qauv zoo li qub?
Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov binder yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim cov pellet. Cov binder tsawg dhau ua rau cov pellets tsis muaj zog uas yooj yim tawg lossis tawg, thaum cov binder ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov teebmeem matrix uas ua rau kev ntes tau thiab kev ntsuas qhov tseeb hauv XRF tsis meej. Kev sib npaug ntawm cov binder-rau-qauv piv ua kom muaj zog thiab kev sib npaug ntawm cov qauv. Piv txwv li, kev ua kom zoo dua cov binder ua los ntawm hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov catalyst pellets ua rau muaj zog thiab khaws cia kev ruaj khov, thaum kev sib sau ua ke tsis raug txo qhov ruaj khov txawm tias siv cov binder ntau dua. Kev siv cov binder tas li siv cov tshuab tsis siv neeg ua rau kev tsim cov pellet ruaj khov ntxiv, khaws cia kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv rau kev tshuaj xyuas txhim khu kev qha.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv polyvinyl cawv (PVA) ua cov kua nplaum hauv kev npaj pellet yog dab tsi?
Cawv polyvinyl (PVA) ua haujlwm ua cov kua nplaum zoo rau kev ua pellet. Nws cov dej yaj tau thiab cov khoom ntub dej siab ua rau cov khoom tawg thiab lo rau thaum lub sijhawm tsim pellet. Kev siv PVA txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov khoom siv thiab txhawb nqa kev tsim cov pellets ruaj khov, tsis tawg. PVA qhov hnyav nruab nrab txhim kho kev sib sau ua ke, txhim kho lub zog ntsuab, thiab ua kom muaj kev sib xws txawm tias nyob rau qhov tsawg tsawg. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias PVA tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau lub zog compressive thiab ruaj khov xwb tab sis kuj tswj cov qauv homogeneity - qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov tseeb. Qhov ntau yam ntawm PVA hla ntau hom hmoov matrices ua rau nws zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kua nplaum-raws li cov txheej txheem npaj pellet.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj txhim kho tau qhov kev ntsuas rov ua dua thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas hauv kev npaj pellet?
Kev ntsuas rov ua dua thiab kev ntsuas qhov tseeb nyob ntawm kev ua kom cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb: kev sib tsoo cov qauv kom huv si kom ua tiav qhov loj me sib npaug; kev ntsuas cov khoom sib txuas kom ruaj khov; thiab kev nias siab tas li kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev. Kev nias tsis siv neeg txo qhov sib txawv uas tib neeg ua rau, thaum cov kab ke tswj hwm kaw-voj kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev saib xyuas tas li thiab kho cov kev npaj. Kev saib xyuas cov pwm tas li thiab kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem nruj ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab ntxiv. Kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm nruj yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug los tswj kev rov ua dua hauv kev nias pellet thiab kev kuaj. Cov kev coj ua no ua rau cov txiaj ntsig kev tshuaj xyuas zoo dua hauv cov ntawv thov XRF.
Cov kauj ruam twg uas pom zoo kom tiv thaiv kom cov pellet tawg thaum lub sijhawm npaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas XRF?
Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev tawg, siv cov khoom siv sib txuas xws li PVA ntawm qhov concentration zoo tshaj plaws thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov hmoov thiab cov khoom sib xyaw sib xyaw. Tswj lub zog nias kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau thiab tswj cov pellet tuab thiab qhov hnyav kom sib npaug. Ua kom cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke ua ntej nias, thiab ziab cov pellet kom huv si kom tshem tawm cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog dej noo. Kev tswj hwm cov khoom sib tsoo thiab qhov hnyav kom huv si txo cov kuab paug, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ua rau tawg. Kev ua raws li cov kev coj ua no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm cov pellet xwb tab sis kuj txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv pellet thiab kev ntsuas rov ua dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-11-2025
