Txheej txheem cej luam ntawmBayerCov txheej txheem hauv kev tsim khoom Alumina
LubBayerCov txheej txheem rau kev tsim alumina hloov bauxite ore mus rau hauv alumina ntshiab los ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho. Txhua theem siv cov ntaub ntawv meej thiab kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm kom ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab huv si.
Bauxite raug tsoo thiab sib tsoo ua ntej kom nws thaj chaw rau kev tshuaj lom neeg nce ntxiv. Cov khoom me me uas ua tiav los ntawm cov crushers minerals yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag mus rau hauv sodium hydroxide thaum lub sijhawm zom zaub mov. Cov khoom siv hauv av ces pub rau lub digester system.
Thaum lub sijhawm zom cov bauxite, cov bauxite uas tau muab tsoo yog sib xyaw nrog cov kua sodium hydroxide kub, uas muaj concentrated nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 140 ° C thiab 280 ° C. Hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig no, sodium hydroxide xaiv cov khoom siv uas muaj txhuas (gibbsite, boehmite, diaspore) vim lawv cov khoom amphoteric, hloov alumina mus rau hauv cov kua sodium aluminate. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj xws li:
- Al(OH)₃(s) + NaOH(aq) → NaAlO₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
Cov khoom tsis huv xws li hlau oxides, silica, thiab titanium dioxide feem ntau tseem tsis tau yaj thiab ua rau cov av liab. Kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm sodium hydroxide rau kev zom bauxite yog qhov tseem ceeb - qis dhau txwv tsis pub alumina rho tawm, thaum ntau dhau ua rau cov nqi thiab cov kev xav tau caustic cycling downstream.
Kev daws teeb meem alumina refining
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Kev sib cais cov khoom khov-kua hauv Bayer cov txheej txheem tam sim ntawd ua raws li kev zom zaub mov. Cov chav ua kom pom tseeb—siv cov thoob dej lossis cov tshuab lim—ua rau kev sib cais sai ntawm cov av liab (cov khoom seem tsis yaj) ntawm sodium aluminate liquor. Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry zoo rau Bayer cov txheej txheem siv cov cuab yeej zoo li Lonnmeter density meters ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv tau pub nrog cov pulp ceev sib xws, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib cais zoo thiab kev xa khoom.
Kev tsim cov av nkos liab yog ib yam khoom tsis tuaj yeem zam tau ntawm theem no. Nws feem ntau muaj cov hlau oxides, silica, trace alumina, thiab sodium compounds. Kev tswj cov av nkos liab tsom mus rau kev khaws cia kom zoo, kev ua kom tsis muaj zog, thiab nce ntxiv, ntawm kev ua kom cov khib nyiab muaj nqis los ntawm kev rov qab siv hlau, kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho, thiab kev lim dej siab heev siv cov hlau slag thiab cov cement pab kom txo cov dej noo thiab ntim.
Tom qab ua kom meej, cov kua sodium aluminate nkag mus rau hauv cov kauj ruam nag lossis daus. Aluminium hydroxide yog crystallized tawm ntawm cov kua - feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev cog cov crystals uas tau tsim ua ntej, txias, thiab dilution. Cov kauj ruam no ua rau Al (OH) ₃ precipitate thaum rov tsim cov sodium hydroxide rau kev rov ua dua tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm:
- NaAlO₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l) → Al(OH)₃(s) + NaOH(aq)
Cov Al(OH)₃ uas tau sau los ces yuav ntxuav thiab hlawv. Cov qhov cub ua haujlwm siab tshaj 1000°C yuav rhuav tshem cov hydroxide, tsim cov alumina qhuav, anhydrous (Al₂O₃) uas tsim nyog rau kev ua kom cov hlau txhuas.
Txhua theem—kev tsoo, kev zom zaub mov, kev ua kom pom tseeb, kev nag lossis daus, thiab kev calcination—xav tau kev ua kom zoo. Piv txwv li, kev tswj cov slurry density hauv lub bauxite digester feed system ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau alumina cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib cais. Kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide kom zoo txo qhov poob caustic thiab txhim kho kev rov ua dua tshiab. Cov khoom siv alumina refining txheej txheem tam sim no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev zom zaub mov electroreductive thiab oxidative, uas ua rau alumina rov qab zoo dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov bauxites qib qis lossis chlorite-nplua nuj.
Cov txheej txheem pov tseg cov av liab zoo thiab cov thev naus laus zis siv tsis yog tsuas yog txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig xwb tab sis kuj txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem bauxite Bayer. Cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam tam sim no koom ua ke kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry hauv kev ua cov khoom siv hauv av thiab siv cov cuab yeej rau kev ntsuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag, nrog rauLonnmeter ntsuas qhov ceevfeem ntau yog hais txog qhov tseeb ntawm Bayer alumina cov txheej txheem ntws. Kev ua tiav alumina purity siab thiab txo qis qhov chaw ib puag ncig yog nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm cov kauj ruam zoo, kev siv tshuaj lom neeg zoo, thiab kev tswj hwm cov khoom lag luam ntse thoob plaws hauv cov kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem rho tawm alumina.
Kev zom Bauxite: Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Dynamics
Kev zom cov bauxite yog thawj kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv Bayer cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim alumina, tsim los xaiv cov alumina los ntawm cov bauxite ores siv cov kua caustic sodium hydroxide. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog hloov cov zaub mov uas muaj txhuas - feem ntau yog gibbsite, boehmite, lossis diaspore - mus rau hauv cov sodium aluminate uas yaj tau, tawm hauv cov khoom tsis huv rau kev tshem tawm tom qab.
Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Tseem Ceeb hauvBayerTheem Kev zom zaub mov
Thaum lub sijhawm zom cov bauxite, cov kua sodium hydroxide ua haujlwm ua ob qho tib si reactant thiab solvent. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm gibbsite-nplua nuj bauxites, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab (140–150 ° C):
- Kev zom zaub mov ntawm Gibbsite:
Al(OH)₃ (s) + NaOH (aq) → NaAlO₂ (aq) + 2H₂O
Rau cov boehmite thiab diaspore minerals, qhov kub siab dua (220–280 ° C) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua vim yog qhov qeeb qeeb ntawm kev yaj kinetics:
- Kev zom zaub mov Boehmite:
AlO(OH) (s) + NaOH (aq) → NaAlO₂ (aq) + H₂O
Cov pob zeb silica xws li quartz thiab kaolinite kuj cuam tshuam nrog caustic, qee zaum ua rau muaj sodium-silicate tsis xav tau, uas xav tau kev txo qis los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem thiab ua rau muaj lime ntxiv. Kev tswj hwm qhov concentration ntawm sodium hydroxide yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm alumina thiab txo qis caustic poob rau cov av nkos liab.
Lub Tshuab Pub Digester: Kev Sib Xyaws thiab Kev Sib Xyaws
Kev zom cov bauxite hauv cov txheej txheem alumina Bayer pib nrog kev npaj cov slurry homogeneous - kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov bauxite thiab cov kua caustic zoo. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cov khoom noj digester yog:
- Kev sib tsoo bauxite kom nce thaj chaw thiab txhawb kev ua kom sai.
- Sib tov nrog cov kua sodium hydroxide uas siv rov qab ntawm cov piv txwv tswj tau rau qhov concentration reactant zoo tshaj plaws.
- Ntxiv dej ua kom zoo los yog txiv qaub raws li qhov tsim nyog los kho qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry thiab cov caustic concentration.
Cov khoom siv niaj hnub no siv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke. Kev suav cov kua dej thiab kev tshuaj xyuas lub sijhawm nyob tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom noj: kev tsim impeller, qhov chaw tso baffle, thiab kev teeb tsa nkag / tawm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev zom zaub mov kinetics thiab kev rho tawm zoo. Kev tsim cov slurry homogeneous txhawb nqa kev rho tawm alumina tas li, ua kom cov khoom khov-kua sib cais hauv Bayer txheej txheem, thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm cov av liab hauv qab.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov Khoom Noj, Cov Khoom Siv Slurry, thiab Kub rau Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev zom zaub mov
Cov khoom noj khoom haus mineralogy thiab cov slurry composition yog qhov txiav txim siab rau kev zom zaub mov zoo hauv cov txheej txheem bauxite Bayer. Kev hloov pauv hauv bauxite - txawm tias los ntawm kev khawb av, kev sib xyaw ua ke, lossis kev sib txawv ntawm geological - cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov sib piv ntawm gibbsite, boehmite, silica theem, thiab hlau oxides. Cov kev sib txawv no cuam tshuam rau qhov kub thiab txias zom zaub mov, lub sijhawm nyob, thiab kev siv sodium hydroxide.
Cov silica lossis hlau ntau dua tuaj yeem txo cov alumina tawm thiab ua rau cov av nkos liab poob ntau ntxiv. Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry tiag tiag rau Bayer cov txheej txheem siv cov cuab yeej zoo li Lonnmeter density meter yog qhov tseem ceeb, uas tso cai rau kev hloov kho tam sim ntawd hauv cov nqi pub thiab cov tshuaj reactant.
Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias yog lwm yam tseem ceeb heev—cov gibbsite digesters ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab, thaum cov boehmitic thiab diasporic bauxites yuav xav tau qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab lub sijhawm nyob ntev dua. CFD modeling thiab multi-objective optimization hauv kev npaj pub tsiaj pab qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw slurry, kev sib xyaw, lossis qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam li cas rau kev rov qab alumina thiab kev siv zog hauv kev lag luam.
Kev Hloov Kho Cov Txheej Txheem Bauxite Digestion rau Cov Ores Sib Txawv
Kev tswj hwm ntau yam ore yog ib qho kev sib tw tas mus li hauv Bayer alumina txheej txheem. Gibbsite-nplua nuj bauxites yog qhov zoo, xav tau tsawg zog thiab cov xwm txheej tsis kub, thaum boehmitic thiab diasporic bauxites xav tau kev hloov kho zoo:
- Kev sib tsoo zoofeem ntau siv rau cov ores nyuaj dua, ua rau lawv cov reactivity nce ntxiv thiab txhim kho cov nqi rov qab alumina.
- Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau thiab "qab zib"—ntxiv cov feem me me uas yooj yim zom—kho qhov them bauxite thiab txhawb kev siv cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide zoo.
- Kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov slurry density thiab sodium hydroxide concentrationtxo cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov mineralogical, xws li kev thaiv lim dej thiab kev nag tsis xav tau.
Kev ua qauv txheej txheem pab txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm rau cov hom ore tshwj xeeb, thaum kev tswj cov slurry density hauv kev ua cov minerals ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov digester pub nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev rho tawm thiab kev sib cais downstream.
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam uas siv kev tswj hwm kev pub zaub mov hloov pauv - xws li cov tswv yim sib xyaw thiab kev xaiv cov hlau - ua tiav kev ua tau zoo dua, txawm tias muaj cov khoom siv bauxite nyuaj. Cov kev hloov pauv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev rho tawm alumina uas ruaj khov, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem pov tseg av liab zoo.
Yog li ntawd, kev tswj cov bauxite ores sib txawv hauv theem zom zaub mov xav tau kev sib koom tes: kev piav qhia txog mineralogical, kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry tiag tiag, kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem tas mus li kom ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev zom zaub mov thiab cov txiaj ntsig alumina thaum txo qis kev poob caustic, kev xav tau zog, thiab kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
Lub Luag Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev ntawm Slurry thiab Pulp
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm bauxite pulp tiag tiag yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem hauv Bayer cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim alumina. Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry ntawm lub digester feed system tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom khov thiab cov kua sodium hydroxide rau Bayer cov txheej txheem, ua kom zoo dua qhov kev yaj ntawm cov kinetics thiab cov txiaj ntsig thaum lub sijhawm zom bauxite. Cov lus teb tam sim ntawd los ntawmcov ntsuas qhov ceevzoo li Lonnmeter ua kom muaj kev kho sai, txo qhov sib txawv thiab tswj cov hom phiaj teeb tsa rau kev zom zaub mov zoo.
Qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov nrawm thiab ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem rho tawm alumina. Cov slurries uas muaj qhov ceev ntau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev sib tov thiab kev hloov pauv cua sov, txo qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm bauxite nrog caustic soda thiab txo qis tag nrho cov alumina rov qab. Cov slurries uas muaj qhov ceev tsawg, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj yeem ua rau cov caustic concentration thiab qeeb qhov kev ua haujlwm, ua rau kev siv cov tshuaj tsis zoo thiab ua rau cov av nkos liab ntau ntxiv. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias kev tswj cov ceev hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg zoo tshaj plaws ua rau muaj cov caustic ratios ruaj khov, kev sib cais cov khoom khov-kua zoo hauv Bayer txheej txheem, thiab cov txiaj ntsig alumina siab dua - suav nrog kev tswj hwm kev tsis huv zoo dua thiab txo qis kev siv reagent.
Kev ntsuas thiab tswj qhov ceev kuj cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Piv txwv li, cov slurry uas tuab dhau ua rau cov twj tso kua mis, cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab cov kav dej, ua rau hnav ntau dua, ua rau kev saib xyuas ntau zaus, thiab ua rau kev siv zog ntau dua thaum sib tov, cua sov, crystallization, thiab calcination hauv alumina ntau lawm. Kev tswj qhov ceev tsis tu ncua ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tsawg dua thiab muaj zog ntau dua. Kev sib xws hauv cov khoom zoo, xws li kev faib tawm qhov loj me thiab cov dej noo, nyob ntawm kev tswj qhov ceev ruaj khov thoob plaws txhua qhov ntawm cov khoom siv ua kom zoo nkauj alumina.
Kev saib xyuas qhov ceev ntawm cov pulp yog kev koom ua ke thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem alumina Bayer dav dua, tsis yog tsuas yog thaum zom zaub mov xwb. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm interface suav nrog milling, digester pub, washer circuits, thiab kev tswj cov khoom seem kawg rau kev tswj hwm thiab pov tseg cov av nkos liab. Kev koom ua ke nrog SCADA systems ua rau muaj kev pom cov ntaub ntawv hauv nruab nrab thiab kev tswj hwm lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov nqi ntws tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom khov kho. Los ntawm kev pub cov ntaub ntawv ceev los ntawm cov cuab yeej xws li Lonnmeter density meter rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg, cov chaw ua kom huv si tswj cov khoom tshwj xeeb, ua kom zoo dua cov khoom muag tshuaj, thiab txo cov khib nyiab tawm.
Thaum kawg, kev tswj cov slurry density tsis yog cais tawm - nws ua rau cov txiaj ntsig kev ua haujlwm, kev lag luam, thiab ib puag ncig ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem bauxite Bayer. Kev ntsuas kom raug, kev tawm tswv yim sai, thiab kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov khoom siv tswj hwm txhawb nqa kev ua kom zoo dua los ntawm kev tuav cov hlau nyoos mus txog rau kev ua tiav cov khoom alumina.
Cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm Slurry thiab Bauxite Pulp
Kev tswj cov slurry thiab bauxite pulp density yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Bayer txheej txheem rau kev tsim alumina. Muaj ntau txoj kev ntsuas siv, txhua tus muaj lub zog thiab kev txwv.
Cov Txheej Txheem Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Ib Txwm Muaj
Cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv kev kuaj tes thiab kev tshuaj xyuas hauv chaw kuaj mob. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov nroj tsuag rub cov qauv ntawm cov slurry los ntawm cov kwj deg ua haujlwm - feem ntau ntawm cov chaw pub digester lossis qhov chaw zom zaub mov. Qhov ceev yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv cov ntsuas gravimetric, pycnometers, lossis kev nyeem hydrometer.
Cov kev qhia no ntsib ntau yam teeb meem:
- Qaug zog hauv cov lus tawm tswv yim:Lub sijhawm ntawm kev sau cov qauv thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm chav kuaj mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem qeeb thiab txo qhov kev teb.
- Kev vam khom ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj:Qhov yuam kev ntawm tib neeg thaum kuaj lossis ntsuas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis sib xws.
- Kev Pab Cuam Txwv:Tsuas yog ntsuas cov ntsiab lus sib cais raws li cov txheej txheem bauxite Bayer xwb, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Cov Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Hauv Kab thiab Hauv Online
Txhawm rau kov yeej cov teeb meem no, cov nroj tsuag siv cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov ceev hauv kab thiab online rau kev zom bauxite thiab kev sib cais cov khoom khov-kua hauv Bayer cov txheej txheem.
Cov txheej txheem no muab:
- Kev Saib Xyuas Tsis Tu Ncua:Cov kev nyeem qhov ceev tau hloov kho tshiab rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag, muab cov neeg teb xov tooj lub tswv yim rau lub tshuab zom zaub mov thiab kev tswj hwm lub voj voog meej.
- Cov Lus Qhia Txog Txheej Txheem:Ua kom muaj kev hloov kho sai, tsis siv neeg ntawm qhov concentration ntawm sodium hydroxide rau kev zom bauxite thiab cov nqi ntws ntawm cov kwj deg.
Piv txwv li suav nrog cov sensors uas siv lub voj voog, cov ntsuas dej ntws coriolis, thiab cov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm lub zog nuclear. Feem ntau yuav tsum tau kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov vaj huam sib luag tswj hwm thiab kev ntsuas tsis tu ncua.
Lonnmeter Density Meter: Lub Ntsiab Cai thiab Cov Zoo
Lub ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm Lonnmeter yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev siv ruaj khov, ntsaws-thiab-ua si hauv cov khoom siv ua kom alumina refining.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm:
- Lub 'meter' siv cov kev co siab lossis cov ntsiab cai kis tau los ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov slurry hnyav ib chav tsev ntim.
- Cov teeb liab tiag tiag, xws li 4–20 mA lossis RS485, raug xa mus rau cov kab ke tswj hwm, muab cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj:
- Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tam Sim Ntawd, Lub Sijhawm Tiag Tiag:Tsis tas tos cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob. Cov neeg teb xov tooj tau txais cov lus taw qhia tam sim ntawd, qhov no tseem ceeb rau cov theem ua haujlwm xws li kev zom thiab kev siv lead ua hauv kev tsim alumina.
- Kev Ua Tau Zoo Dua thiab Kev Sib Xws:Kev siv tshuab tsis suav nrog tib neeg qhov kev hloov pauv, tswj kev tswj hwm qhov ceev hauv kev zom bauxite thiab kev tswj hwm qhov ceev slurry hauvkev ua cov khoom siv hauv av.
- Kev Ua Haujlwm Tsis Tas Yuav Txij Nkawm:Lonnmeter xav tau kev ntsuas tsawg kawg nkaus thiab tiv taus qhov chaw ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm Bayer alumina - kev kuaj thiab ntxuav ntau zaus tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua.
- Kev Sib Koom Tes Tsis Muaj Kev Sib Txuas:Yooj yim txuas rau cov nroj tsuag DCS / SCADA systems rau kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg, ua raws li cov tswv yim tswj hwm uas nyuaj dua.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Thov hauvBayerTxheej Txheem:
- Lub Tshuab Pub Noj Digester:Cov ntsuas Inline Lonnmeter xyuas qhov ceev ntawm cov bauxite pulp uas nkag mus rau hauv cov zom zaub mov. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov khoom khov kho thiab cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide raug rau cov kauj ruam rho tawm alumina zoo.
- Kev zom zaub mov:Kev saib xyuas qhov ceev ceev ua rau kev tswj hwm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua kom zoo dua cov txiaj ntsig alumina thiab txo qis kev tsim cov av nkos liab.
- Cov Kev Qhia Kom Pom Tseeb:Cov ntsuas Lonnmeter pab tswj qhov ceev ntawm lub hom phiaj kom ua tau zoo hauv kev sib cais cov khoom khov thiab kua hauv Bayer cov txheej txheem, txhim kho kev xa khoom thiab txo cov nqi pov tseg av liab.
Kev koom ua ke nrog cov tshuab tswj hwm cog qoob loo thiab kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg
Cov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm Lonnmeter sib txuas ncaj qha nrog cov tes hauj lwm automation thoob plaws cov nroj tsuag.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev koom ua ke:
- Cov Teeb Liab Tawm:Cov zis analog txheem (4–20 mA) lossis digital (RS485) txhawb kev sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag.
- Cov Txheej Txheem Tswj Xyuas:Cov kev nyeem ceev yuav hloov kho qhov kev ntsuas tshuaj reagent, qhov ceev ntawm lub twj tso kua mis, thiab cov khoom siv sib cais khoom siv los ntawm Distributed Control Systems (DCS).
- Txo Kev Hloov Pauv:Kev tawm tswv yim tsis siv neeg txo qhov kev cuam tshuam tes, ua kom lub tshuab zom zaub mov ruaj khov thiab cov txheej txheem sib cais hauv qab.
- Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm:Qhov kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem ua rau txo cov nqi ua haujlwm, txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm alumina kawg, thiab ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev siv crystallization thiab calcination hauv kev tsim alumina.
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry kom raug siv cov cuab yeej niaj hnub zoo li Lonnmeter txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm kev ntseeg tau, tsis siv neeg los ntawm txhua theem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem bauxite Bayer, los ntawm kev zom mus rau kev ua kom huv thiab dhau mus.
Bayer Txheej Txheem Tsim Alumina los ntawm Bauxite
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Cov Tswv Yim Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem Uas Ua Tau Los Ntawm Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev Tseeb
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm bauxite pulp kom raug yog lub hauv paus ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev ua kom zoo dua qub hauv Bayer cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim alumina. Kev saib xyuas tiag tiag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov cuab yeej zoo li Lonnmeter density meter, muab cov lus teb tam sim ntawd uas ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm meej thoob plaws txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Kev Kho Dua Hauv Cov Kev Ntsuas Kev zom zaub mov raws li Cov Nqi Ceev ntawm Slurry Lub Sijhawm Tiag
Hauv cov txheej txheem zom bauxite, qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide rau Bayer txheej txheem nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry. Los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom noj tas li, cov neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov concentration ntawm sodium hydroxide, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lub sijhawm nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha digester. Piv txwv li, qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov pulp density yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev noj ntau dhau ntawm bauxite, uas yuav tsum tau hloov pauv qhov concentration ntawm caustic lossis dilution rate kom tswj tau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm alumina thiab tiv thaiv kev scaling hauv lub cev pub digester.
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag hauv lub digester feed system ua kom qhov sib piv ntawm cov kua rau cov khoom khov kho thiab txhawb nqa kev yaj ntawm cov minerals alumina, txo qhov muaj peev xwm rau cov khoom tsis muaj zog thiab cov txheej txheem downstream.
Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Kev Sib Cais Khoom Khob thiab Kua thiab Kev Txo Qhov Kev Nqa Cov Av Liab
Kev sib cais cov khoom khov yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem alumina Bayer, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem tom qab kev zom zaub mov. Kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua kom cov av noo thiab kev lim dej zoo. Los ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kho qhov ceev, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem txo qhov kev nqa ntawm cov av nplaum liab zoo, txo qhov poob ntawm cov sodium hydroxide muaj nqis thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom tuab thiab ntxuav, kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm bauxite pulp ua rau muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib sau ua ke, pab tswj qhov ceev ntawm cov av nkos hauv qab, tiv thaiv kev dilution ntau dhau, thiab tswj cov txheej txheem pov tseg cov av nkos liab. Qhov ceev sib npaug txhawb nqa kev tsim cov pob zeb loj dua, ua kom cov nqi sib sau ua ke sai dua thiab txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv lim dej, txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm cov av nkos liab tag nrho thiab kev sib cais cov khoom khov-kua hauv Bayer txheej txheem.
Kev Cuam Tshuam rau Theem Crystallization - Kev Tswj Xyuas Supersaturation thiab Noob Nroj Tsuag
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry rau Bayer txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv cov khoom siv ua kom alumina refining thaum lub sijhawm crystallization. Kev tswj hwm supersaturation dictates lub nucleation thiab kev loj hlob dynamics ntawm alumina hydrate crystals. Cov cuab yeej xws li Lonnmeter, lossis quartz crystal sensors, ntes tau qhov hloov pauv ntawm pulp density uas qhia txog qhov pib ntawm nag lossis daus. Cov lus teb tam sim no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tam sim ntawd rau cov qauv kub, cov nqi ntxiv noob, thiab cov nqi ntws, tswj kev tsis xav tau spontaneous nucleation lossis ntau dhau crystal aggregation.
Hauv kev xyaum, cov platform tswj digital siv cov ntaub ntawv ceev nrooj tiag tiag los tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov noob nag. Piv txwv li, yog tias kev ntsuas hauv qhov chaw qhia tias qhov ceev nce siab tshaj qhov txwv zoo tshaj plaws, cov noob koob tshuaj tuaj yeem nce lossis txo cov nqi evaporation kom ruaj khov qhov supersaturation thiab crystallization hauv cov txheej txheem tsim alumina.
Kev Pab Txhawb Rau Kev Ua Kom Zoo Li Qub Thiab Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Alumina Kawg
Kev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom noj uas nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv calcination yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom zoo sib xws hauv cov kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem rho tawm alumina. Cov slurry ntom ntom dhau heev yuav ua rau muaj cua sov tsis sib xws, qhuav dej tsis tiav, lossis cov khoom tsis huv hauv cov alumina calcined. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov khoom noj uas tsis ntom ntom txaus ntshai rau kev pov tseg lub zog thiab cov nqi hloov pauv tsis zoo.
Los ntawm kev siv cov kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry kom raug hauv kev ua cov khoom siv minerals mus txog rau theem calcination hauv alumina ntau lawm, cov neeg ua haujlwm ua tiav kev faib tawm cov khoom me me thiab cov dej noo sib npaug, tsim cov alumina ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom siv lub cev. Qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov txheej txheem no txhais tau tias muaj tsawg dua cov pawg tsis raws li qhov xav tau thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv du.
Kev Txo Cov Khib Nyhiab thiab Kev Rov Qab Tau Cov Tshuaj Sodium Hydroxide Los Ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ceev Uas Paub Zoo
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov bauxite pulp zoo pab txhawb rau kev txo cov khib nyiab thiab rov qab tau cov kua sodium hydroxide. Kev saib xyuas tiag tiag ua rau muaj kev hloov kho sai ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxuav thiab lim dej, txhim kho kev sib cais ntawm cov kua caustic muaj nqis ntawm cov av nkos liab thiab txo qhov poob caustic. Qhov no txo cov khoom siv raw thiab txo qhov ntim ntawm cov av nkos liab rau kev pov tseg.
Piv txwv li, kev soj ntsuam qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev hauv cov theem ntxuav pab cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj hwm qhov kev voj voog dilution zoo tshaj plaws, yog li ua kom sodium hydroxide rov qab zoo tshaj plaws thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm pov tseg av liab. Kev coj ua kuj txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm lub zog los ntawm kev txo qis kev dilution thiab kev twj tso kua mis tsis tsim nyog, txo qis kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm cov txheej txheem bauxite Bayer.
Hauv kev xaus lus, kev koom ua ke ntawm Lonnmeter density meter siv rau hauv kev ntsuas slurry qhia cov ntaub ntawv ua tau rau txhua kauj ruam - los ntawm kev zom thiab kev sib cais mus rau crystallization thiab calcination - tsav tsheb ua haujlwm tas mus li, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab ruaj khov thoob plaws Bayer alumina txheej txheem.
Cov Kev Cov Teeb Meem thiab Cov Kev Daws Teeb Meem hauv Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ceev
Kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntawm bauxite pulp kom raug hauv Bayer cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim alumina ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Kev ua kom cov ntawv nyeem tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem xwb, tab sis kuj rau kev sib npaug ntawm cov pawg, kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom noj digester, thiab kev sib cais cov khoom khov thiab kua dej hauv qab.
Cov Qhov Tshwm Sim Feem Ntau ntawm Kev Ntsuas Yuam Kev
Cov teebmeem ntawm huab cua nkag mus:
Cov pa cua uas tau nkag mus rau hauv cov kwj dej bauxite slurry tuaj yeem ua rau ob qho tib si qhov ceev thiab qhov ntim ntws tsis zoo. Qhov no ua rau cov slurry densities tsis txaus thiab cov nqi ntws nce siab, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem cov txiaj ntsig. Cov teeb meem cua nkag tau raug sau tseg tias yog los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis cavitation, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej ntws, thiab kev xau, ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev ntsuas hauv cov sensors ib txwm muaj. Cov sensors sonar siab heev, muaj peev xwm sib txawv cov kua thiab cov roj theem, kho qhov tsis raug no thiab tuaj yeem ntes cov cua nkag mus rau ± 0.1% los ntawm qhov ntim.
Qhov Loj ntawm Cov Khoom Me Me Hloov Pauv:
Qhov ntau thiab kev faib tawm ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me hauv cov bauxite slurries hloov cov slurry rheology thiab impact density meter calibration curves. Cov khoom me me bauxite loj dua tuaj yeem nyob ruaj khov, txhawb kev stratification thiab ib feem ntawm cov sensor kev npog, thaum cov khoom me me tseem nyob twj ywm ntau dua. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ntsuas qhov ceev inline thiab cuam tshuam rau Lonnmeter nyeem ntawv, xav tau kev ntsuas thiab kev tso sensor kom zoo.
Cov khoom siv ua qias tuaj:
Cov txheej txheem Bayer alumina ua rau cov sensors raug rau qhov chaw uas muaj kuab lom, sib txhuam, thiab ua rau muaj qhov loj vim yog cov kua sodium hydroxide thiab cov khoom seem. Cov av qias neeg tsim rau ntawm cov nplaim sensor—tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm qhov tawm ntawm lub digester thiab cov dej ntws uas cov av nkos poob qis—ua rau cov sensor teb tsis zoo thiab raug. Cov txheej tiv thaiv, cov sijhawm ntxuav tsis tu ncua, thiab cov yam ntxwv kuaj tus kheej hauv cov meters zoo li Lonnmeter yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo qhov kev txav mus los uas ua rau muaj av qias neeg.
Kev Txheeb Xyuas Sib Piv ntawm Cov Ntsiab Lus Teeb tsa
Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Digestor:
Kev teeb tsa Lonnmeter units ntawm lub digester feed ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm sodium hydroxide concentration thiab bauxite pulp density, cuam tshuam rau kev zom bauxite zoo. Cov sensors ntawm no raug rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus fouling, tab sis cov cua entrained los ntawm cov tank sib tov sab saud tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nyeem ntawv.
Tom Qab Kev Plab Zais:
Kev ntsuas tom qab kev zom zaub mov muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry tiag tiag xa mus rau cov chav sib cais thiab cov khoom khov-kua. Cov teeb meem ntawm no suav nrog kev raug rau qhov kub siab dua, cov tshuaj caustic concentration, thiab cov khoom me me hnyav dua, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm calibration.
Cov kwj deg sib cais av nkos:
Hauv cov kab no, qhov kev nyeem ntawv ceev ntawm bauxite pulp txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm av liab thiab kev sib cais ua haujlwm tau zoo. Kev ua qias tuaj thiab kev hloov pauv ceev ceev vim yog nag lossis daus xav tau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sensor uas ntxuav nws tus kheej thiab kev lees paub cov ntaub ntawv ntau zaus. Kev teeb tsa lub sensor yuav tsum suav nrog qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm chav tsev thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej ntws sib txawv.
Cov Kev Xav Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Xaiv Lub Tshuab Ntsuas Qhov Ceev
Thaum xaiv lub ntsuas qhov ceev rau bauxite Bayer cov txheej txheem ib puag ncig, xav txog:
- Kev Tiv Thaiv Tshuaj:Yuav tsum tiv taus kev sib cuag tas mus li nrog cov kua sodium hydroxide rau Bayer cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom tawv abrasive.
- Kev Txo Qhov Fouling:Xaiv cov sensors nrog cov txheej tiv thaiv kev ua kom tawv nqaij lossis cov peev xwm ntxuav tsis siv neeg (piv txwv li, kev ntxuav ultrasonic rau Lonnmeter).
- Kev Muaj Peev Xwm Kho Cua:Cov cuab yeej uas muaj peev xwm them rov qab rau cov cua entrained, xws li cov sonar siab heev lossis cov sensors raws li array, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ntsuas ruaj khov.
- Qhov Loj ntawm Cov Khoom Me Me:Cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau ntau yam ntawm cov bauxite slurry particle loj, tswj qhov tseeb txawm tias nyob rau hauv stratified flows.
- Kev Yooj Yim Rau Kev Teeb Tsa:Lub 'meter' yuav tsum ua haujlwm tau zoo thoob plaws ntau yam txheej txheem rho tawm alumina - los ntawm kev pub digester mus rau kev tshem tawm cov av nkos thiab cov zis calcination.
- Kev Pabcuam thiab Kev Pabcuam Calibration:Kev tsim qauv yooj yim thiab cov txheej txheem calibration sau tseg pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab kev koom ua ke hauv cov khoom siv alumina refining uas twb muaj lawm.
Kev xaiv cov cuab yeej ua tiav thiab kev lees paub tas mus li yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm bauxite pulp. Kev siv cov ntsuas siab heev xws li Lonnmeter, nrog rau kev ntsuas kom zoo thiab kev saib xyuas zoo, ua kom zoo dua kev tswj cov txheej txheem, kev suav cov khoom siv, thiab cov khoom tsim tawm thoob plaws txhua qhov dej num tseem ceeb ntawm alumina Bayer.
Qhov Txuas Ntawm Kev Tswj Qhov Ceev thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Ib puag ncig
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm bauxite pulp yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig hauv Bayer cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim alumina. Thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov nroj tsuag siv cov ntsuas qhov ceev inline xws li Lonnmeter, lawv ua tiav qhov ceev slurry ruaj khov thiab raug hauv lub digester feed system. Qhov kev tswj hwm nruj no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov sib cais ntawm cov khoom khov thiab cov kua hauv cov txheej txheem refining alumina, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov khib nyiab thiab kev rov qab tau cov peev txheej.
Av liab yog cov khib nyiab khov kho tseem ceeb los ntawm kev zom bauxite. Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib cais cov khoom khov-kua tsis tiav, ua rau cov av liab ntim uas yuav tsum tau khaws cia lossis pov tseg. Los ntawm kev siv kev ntsuas qhov ceev slurry tas mus li rau Bayer txheej txheem, cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj hwm cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws rau kev daws thiab lim. Qhov no ua kom muaj ntau alumina rov qab tau hauv theem kua thiab tsawg dua ploj nrog cov khoom khov kho, txo cov av liab pov tseg thiab txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov txheej txheem pov tseg. Piv txwv li, kev ruaj khov ntawm cov pulp ceev hauv ± 0.001 g / cm³ txo qis kev nqa khoom ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis, txhim kho kev tswj hwm av liab ntawm txhua kauj ruam ntawm kev ua kom meej thiab tuab.
Cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide rau Bayer txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev yaj alumina los ntawm bauxite. Nrog kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry zoo dua, sodium hydroxide tsawg dua tseem nyob hauv cov av nkos liab khov kho thiab ntau dua tau rov ua dua tshiab hauv lub voj voog. Qhov no ua rau cov nqi rov qab sodium hydroxide nce, txo qis kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab txiav cov dej tawm hauv ib puag ncig. Thaum cov tshuaj ua kom pom tseeb thiab cov lim dej ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa qhov ceev zoo tshaj plaws, kev sib cais cov tshuaj ua kom huv dua - qhov no ua rau cov sodium hydroxide rov qab zoo tshaj plaws yam tsis muaj kev dilution ntau dhau lossis kev ua qias tuaj, txhawb kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov qauv zoo ntawm cov dej khib nyiab.
Kev tswj cov pulp density kuj txhawb nqa cov ntsiab cai kev lag luam ncig thoob plaws cov kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem rho tawm alumina. Los ntawm kev txhim kho kev sib cais cov khoom siv, txo cov txheej txheem poob, thiab txhawb kev siv sodium hydroxide rov ua dua tshiab, Bayer alumina txheej txheem txav mus ze rau xoom lub hom phiaj pov tseg. Txo cov ntim av liab thiab ua kom rov qab zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov ceev txhais tau tias ntau cov khoom noj khoom haus hloov pauv mus rau alumina muaj nqis, thiab tsawg dua reagent siv ib tuj ntawm cov zis. Kev saib xyuas qhov ceev tiag tiag, piv txwv li Lonnmeter density meter siv hauv kev ntsuas slurry, txhawb nqa cov txiaj ntsig no, ua rau cov txheej txheem bauxite Bayer los ua kom zoo dua cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab kev ruaj khov.
Cov kev nce qib no hauv kev tswj cov slurry density ua haujlwm ua ke nrog lwm cov txheej txheem optimizations - xws li kev txhim kho crystallization thiab calcination hauv alumina ntau lawm - los tsim kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau ib puag ncig. Thaum kawg, kev ntsuas qhov ceev tas mus li thiab kev ua haujlwm automation ua rau Bayer txheej txheem rau kev tsim alumina huv dua, muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua thaum txhawb nqa cov hom phiaj thoob plaws kev lag luam rau kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig thiab kev siv cov peev txheej ncig.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau (FAQs)
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev zom bauxite hauv qhov chaw yog dab tsi?Bayertxheej txheem?
Kev zom cov bauxite yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv Bayer cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim alumina. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom yaj alumina los ntawm bauxite ore siv cov kua sodium hydroxide kub. Thaum lub sijhawm zom, cov zaub mov alumina react nrog sodium hydroxide, tsim cov sodium aluminate uas yaj tau. Qhov no ua rau kev sib cais ntawm alumina los ntawm cov khoom tsis huv, xws li silica, hlau oxides, thiab titanium minerals, uas tseem tsis tau yaj ua av liab. Kev yaj zoo ntawm alumina teeb tsa theem rau nws txoj kev rov qab los ua alumina hydrate hauv cov kauj ruam tom ntej.
Kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntawm bauxite pulp kom raug pab tau li casBayeralumina txheej txheem?
Kev tswj kom cov bauxite pulp ceev nrooj hauv Bayer alumina txheej txheem ua kom cov xwm txheej zom zaub mov zoo tshaj plaws. Thaum cov pulp ceev nrooj raug tswj kom raug:
- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm alumina yaj tau zoo tshaj plaws, txhim kho cov nqi rho tawm.
- Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib cais cov khoom khov thiab kua yog siab dua, nrog rau kev txo qis ntawm cov av nkos liab.
- Kev poob ntawm cov txheej txheem raug txo kom tsawg, vim tias kev siv cov tshuaj reagent raug tswj hwm zoo dua.
- Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg tseem zoo ib yam, txhawb nqa kev siv crystallization thiab calcination zoo.
Kev hloov pauv lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov pulp tuaj yeem ua rau kev zom zaub mov tsis tiav, kev tsim cov av nkos liab ntau ntxiv, thiab cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Kev tswj hwm qhov ceev nruj txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab cov zis alumina txhim khu kev qha.
Cov txheej txheem feem ntau rau kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry hauv alumina yog dab tsi?Bayertxheej txheem?
Kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem thiab kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau suav nrog:
- Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov hnyav:Kev kuaj lub cev thiab kev ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm cov slurry, ua raws li kev xam qhov ceev, tsim nyog rau kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua lossis qhov chaw.
- Cov ntsuas gamma-ray lossis nuclear density:Siv cov thev naus laus zis radiometric los ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov slurry hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, muab kev ntsuas tsis sib cuag zoo hauv qhov chaw nyuaj. Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub siv cov khoom siv radioactivity tsawg (piv txwv li, Na-22) txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai.
- Cov ntsuas inline xws li Lonnmeter density meter:Cov no xa cov ntaub ntawv nyeem qhov ceev tsis tu ncua, lub sijhawm tiag tiag ncaj qha rau cov neeg teb xov tooj thiab cov txheej txheem tswj hwm, muab cov lus taw qhia tam sim ntawd rau kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem thiab kev txhim kho automation.
Vim li cas cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide thiaj tseem ceeb hauv kev zom bauxite?
Cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem zom bauxite vim nws xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov zaub mov alumina, hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov sodium aluminate uas yaj tau. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tso alumina tawm ntawm cov ore kom nws tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm cov khoom tsis yaj tau. Qhov concentration ntawm sodium hydroxide kuj tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev siv cov tshuaj reagent, thiab yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo sib npaug kom ua kom zoo tshaj plaws yam tsis muaj kev tsim cov tshuaj tsis xav tau ntau dhau, xws li cov khoom desilication.
Cov theem txheej txheem twg tau txais txiaj ntsig ncaj qha los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm bauxite pulp?
Ob peb theem tseem ceeb ntawm Bayer cov txheej txheem vam khom kev tswj hwm qhov ceev ntawm bauxite pulp:
- Kev zom zaub mov ntawm bauxite:Qhov ceev faj ua kom alumina yaj tag thiab tswj cov kinetics ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Kev sib cais cov khoom khov thiab cov kua (kev ua kom meej):Qhov ceev zoo tshaj plaws txhawb nqa kev sib sau ua ke, kev lim dej, thiab txo qis kev nqa cov av nkos liab.
- Crystallization hauv alumina ntau lawm:Cov xwm txheej pub mov ruaj khov pab tswj hwm kev ua kom ntau dhau thiab cov nqi tsim siv lead ua.
- Kev siv calcination hauv alumina ntau lawm:Cov pulp ceev sib xws ua rau muaj kev kwv yees tau dej thiab calcination, ua kom cov khoom huv thiab cov txiaj ntsig.
Thoob plaws cov theem no, kev tswj hwm qhov ceev tsis zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, txo qhov zoo ntawm cov zis, thiab ua rau kev tswj hwm thiab pov tseg cov av nkos liab nyuaj.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-26-2025
