DQhov ntom thiab viscosity ua haujlwm ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceebin 3D luam ntawv cement, tawm musmuaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov yooj yim luam tawm ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom kawg, thiab qhov sib txuas ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg luam tawm.Ikabdensity thiabviscosity kev saib xyuasinprocessua kom muaj qhov zoo sib xws thoob plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm luam ntawv.
3D Cement Printing yog dab tsi?
Kev luam ntawv cement 3D, tseem hu ua kev tsim cov pob zeb ntxiv, siv cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg los tso cov khoom siv cementitious txheej los ntawm txheej, tsim cov qauv ncaj qha los ntawm cov qauv digital. Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem casting ib txwm muaj, cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D pob zeb tso cai rau kev tsim cov duab nyuaj thiab geometries uas tsis ua tau nrog cov formwork ib txwm muaj. Cov txheej txheem tsim pob zeb tsis siv neeg - xws li caj npab robotic, gantry systems, thiab extrusion-based print heads - txav mus raws li cov lus qhia hauv computer. Cov txheej txheem no extrude cov khoom sib xyaw cementitious tshiab los ntawm lub nozzle, tsim cov qauv pob zeb luam tawm 3D nrog cov txheej siab thiab cov qauv tswj tau.
Kev Luam Ntawv 3D Pob Zeb
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Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ceev thiab Viscosity
Qhov ua tiav thiab zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D yog nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb yog qhov ceev thiab viscosity. Cov kev ntsuas no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev luam tawm thiab kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.
Qhov Ceev: Qhov ceev ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse uas luam tawm 3D no ua rau lub zog thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse uas luam tawm los ntawm 3D. Kev sau cov txheej tsis txaus ua rau cov qhov tsis puv, ua rau cov txheej sib txuas tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau cov nto tsis zoo. Qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej sib xws ua rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab muaj zog thiab cov qauv sib xws thoob plaws cov khoom luam tawm.
Qhov viscosity: Qhov viscosity ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tshiab cuam tshuam rau extrudability, txheej ruaj khov, thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw. Yog tias viscosity siab dhau, extrusion tuaj yeem nres lossis xav tau kev siab dhau, ua rau cov khoom siv puas tsuaj. Qis dhau, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw poob cov duab tom qab deposition, ua rau txheej tawg thiab cov duab tsis zoo. Qhov viscosity zoo tagnrho, feem ntau kho nrog cov neeg sawv cev hloov kho viscosity lossis nano-additives, txhawb nqa kev siv zog extrusion thiab ruaj khov, cov txheej zoo.
Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ceev thiab viscosity ncaj qha ua rau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev luam ntawv:
- Kev Tsim Kho TauKev tsim tau yooj yim txhais tau tias txhua txheej uas tso rau hauv tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov txheej tom ntej yam tsis poob qis. Qhov ceev zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov viscosity uas ua raws li qhov xav tau ua rau cov txheej sib sau ua ke zoo dua, thaum qhov dej ntws ntau dhau ua rau deformation thiab tsis ruaj khov.
- Cov Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab: Kev luam tawm ua rau lub zog kho tshuab nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg uas ntim ntau thiab tsis tu ncua ua rau muaj zog compressive ntau dua thiab modulus ntawm elasticity zoo dua piv rau cov khoom sib xyaw uas tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv no.
- Qhov Zoo Ntawm Qhov ChawQhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw ua tiav yog nyob ntawm tus cwj pwm rheological ntawm qhov sib tov. Qhov viscosity qis ua rau qhov du ntawm qhov chaw tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau tsis yooj yim rau kev tsim kho yog tias siv ntau dhau. Kev ua tiav qhov viscosity thiab kev ntxhov siab, feem ntau nyob rau hauv 1.5–2.5 kPa ntau yam, sib npaug qhov tsos nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv.
- Kev Luam Tawm thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus InterlayerThixotropy—lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los rov qab tau qhov viscosity tom qab shear—ua rau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg lo rau yam tsis sib koom ua ke ntau dhau, txhawb nqa kev sib txuas ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov duab.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev thiab viscosity tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm engineering xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ua tau ntawm kev tsim kho uas hloov kho raws li qhov loj, tsis siv neeg. Kev ua tiav qhov sib xws thiab rov ua dua thoob plaws cov txiaj ntsig thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm kev luam ntawv 3D ntawm cov pob zeb yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj thiab hloov kho tau ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb no.
Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb hauv Kev Tsim Khoom Siv Additive Concrete
Qhov Ceev Hauv 3D Cement Printing
Qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom siv yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej thiab cov qauv luam ntawv. Thaum luam cov qauv pob zeb, qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntau dua txhawb kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib cais thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej. Kev tsim cov qauv ntawm cov txheej tshiab uas tau tso tawm, uas tsav los ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab kev tawv nqaij nce ntxiv raws sijhawm, txiav txim siab seb cov txheej tom ntej puas lo rau thiab sib sau ua ke zoo npaum li cas. Yog tias cov txheej dhau los tawv ua ntej cov txheej tom ntej raug tso tawm - sab nraum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws (MOT) - qhov kev sib txuas yuav qaug zog, ua rau cov txheej tsis ruaj khov lossis pom qhov tsis zoo.
Kev kho kom zoo dua ntawm lub nozzle offset, filament overlap, thiab kev siv cov khoom siv cementitious ntxiv (SCMs) xws li fly ash lossis slag tuaj yeem txo qhov porosity thiab anisotropy tsis xav tau, txhawb kev ua kom zoo thiab geometric precision ntawm cov qauv luam tawm. Piv txwv li, kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev kho kom zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov deposition thiab overlaps txo cov voids thiab ua kom muaj cov filament luam tawm tas mus li, tseem ceeb rau cov qauv 3D luam tawm ruaj khov.
Qhov sib xyaw ua ke kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub zog ntev thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. Kev koom ua ke ntawm SCMs xws li cov tshauv ya, cov tshauv txhuv nplej, thiab cov hmoov av tawg-cua sov slag, lossis siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke alkali-activated, hloov kho ob qho tib si tshiab thiab kho qhov ceev, feem ntau ua rau muaj zog compressive thiab flexural ntau dua. Nrog rau qhov ceev zoo tshaj plaws, cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D ua tiav qhov permeability txo qis, tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg zoo dua, thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev coj ua kho tau tsim rau daim ntawv thov.
Qhov porosity qis dua, feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv SCMs zoo, yeej ib txwm txuas nrog lub zog thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua vaj tse 3D siab heev. Piv txwv li, kev sib tov nrog cov ntsiab lus SCM siab feem ntau qhia txog kev ua tau zoo dua ntawm 28, 60, thiab 90 hnub tom qab kho, lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim qauv ntom ntom rau ob qho tib si kev ruaj khov tam sim ntawd thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Viscosity Hauv Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom Siv Cement Additive
Kev luam tawm tau zoo hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj cement ntxiv rau hauv lub cev yog nyob ntawm kev tswj qhov viscosity kom raug. Viscosity tswj qhov sib tov ntws tau; qis dhau thiab cov khoom poob qis, siab dhau thiab pumpability tsis zoo, cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem tsim cov tshuaj cement ntxiv rau hauv lub cev. Kev luam tawm tau zoo yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug: qhov sib tov yuav tsum hla dhau cov twj tso kua mis thiab cov nozzles tau yooj yim, tom qab ntawd rov qab tau viscosity txaus - los ntawm thixotropic lossis shear-thinning tus cwj pwm - kom khaws nws daim ntawv luam tawm.
Qhov sib xws ntawm lub nozzle extrusion thiab kev khaws cia cov duab nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm viscosity. Kev hloov pauv - tsis tshua muaj viscosity lossis hloov pauv ntau dhau - ua rau cov duab ntawm cov hlaws dai tsis sib xws, cov txheej deformation, thiab kev sib txuas tsis zoo. Cov qauv nozzle uas tau kho kom zoo nrog rau cov txheej txheem extrusion uas tswj hwm los ntawm lub zog hloov kho qhov chaw luam ntawv, ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua lub filament tswj hwm qhov profile uas xav tau thoob plaws hauv cov ntawv thov luam ntawv 3D nyuaj.
Cov cuab yeej ntsuas kev sib hloov thiab cov cuab yeej saib xyuas hauv kab muab cov lus teb tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv, ua rau tus neeg teb xov tooj ntsuas thiab kho qhov viscosity tau tiag tiag. Txoj hauv kev ncaj qha no daws cov teeb meem xws li lub nozzle clogging lossis txheej collapse ua ntej muaj teeb meem ntawm cov qauv.
Kev Tsim Qauv Sib Xyaws thiab Nws Qhov Cuam Tshuam rau Qhov Ceev thiab Viscosity
Cov Cheebtsam Sib Xyaws Tseem Ceeb
Cov Nyhuv ntawm Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Sib Xyaws, Qhov Sib Piv ntawm Dej thiab Cement, thiab Cov Khoom Sib Xyaws
Kev xaiv cov binder yog lub hauv paus ntawm 3D cement printing technology, tswj cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov xeev tshiab thiab cov xeev khov. Cov cement Portland cement (OPC), cov cement teeb tsa sai (QSC), thiab cov binder sib xyaw yog siv los kho qhov ceev thiab viscosity. Kev nce OPC cov ntsiab lus ncaj qha ua rau qhov ceev thiab lub zog ntawm qhov luam tawm kawg. Piv txwv li, binary sib xyaw uas muaj 35% OPC thiab 5% QSC ua kom zoo dua ob qho tib si qhov ceev thiab lub zog luam tawm, tsim nyog rau cov khoom luam tawm zoo. Cov khoom ntxiv polymer xws li urethane acrylate (UA) yog siv rau hauv qee cov ntaub ntawv 3D luam tawm siab heev; lawv ua rau qhov sib tov viscosity nce, uas txhim kho kev khaws cia cov duab tab sis yuav cuam tshuam rau cov khoom tawg thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov cement additive.
Qhov sib piv ntawm dej thiab cement (W/C) yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. Qhov sib piv qis dua ua rau qhov ceev thiab lub zog zoo dua - tab sis yog tias qis dhau, qhov kev nqus dej tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev txhaws hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov pob zeb ua vaj tse tsis siv neeg. Txawm tias qhov hloov me me (15–20%) hauv qhov sib piv ntawm W/C hloov pauv kev ntxhov siab thiab viscosity pom tseeb, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev luam ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv. Cov tshuaj Superplasticizers tso cai rau kev txo cov dej tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ntws, ua tiav kev ua haujlwm zoo dua rau cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D pob zeb ua vaj tse. Viscosity-modifying admixtures (VMAs) muab kev tswj hwm ntxiv, txhawb kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev tiv thaiv kev sib cais - cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv pob zeb ua vaj tse.
Kev Ntsuas Qib Aggregate thiab Kev Ntim Khoom Me Me rau Kev Nqus Zoo Tshaj Plaws
Kev ntsuas qib ntawm cov khoom sib sau ua ke thiab txoj kev xav ntawm kev ntim cov khoom me me yog lub hauv paus rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev luam ntawv. Kev faib cov khoom sib sau ua ke sib npaug txo cov khoom tsis muaj dab tsi, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov qauv pob zeb ua los ntawm 3D uas muaj zog. Kev siv tshuab X-ray computed tomography qhia tau hais tias cov khoom loj dua tuaj yeem txav mus rau ntawm lub qhov (nozzle) lossis phab ntsa thawv, ua rau cov porosity hauv zos nce siab thiab ua rau txo qhov sib xws. Kev tswj hwm qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom sib sau ua ke thiab qhov ceev ntawm extrusion pab tswj kom muaj kev sib npaug thiab cov nqi ntws loj ruaj khov.
Thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv 3D pob zeb, kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke txo qhov kev sib cais thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub qhov dej txhaws - cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev luam ntawv ceev thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv tiav. Ua ke nrog kev kho cov ntawv nplaum thiab dej, txoj hauv kev no txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv.
Cov Tswv Yim Txhim Kho Kev Sib Xyaws
Kev Sib Npauge BetweenPumpability thiab Buildability
Kev sib npaug ntawm kev siv lub twj tso kua mis thiab kev tsim kho yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv cov khoom siv ntxiv. Kev siv lub twj tso kua mis ua kom cov khoom sib tov tau xa mus zoo los ntawm cov kav dej thiab cov taub hau luam tawm yam tsis muaj kev sib cais lossis kev thaiv. Kev tsim kho piav qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg luam tawm tshiab los txhawb cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tom ntej yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dhau lossis kev tawg.
Cov tswv yim tseem ceeb rau kev sib npaug suav nrog:
- Kho Qhov Ntim ntawm Cov Tshuaj Nplaum: Ntau dhau cov nplaum tuaj yeem ua rau sib cais thiab txo qhov tsim tau; tsawg dhau cuam tshuam rau kev nqus dej.
- Kev Kho Kom Zoo Dua Qhov Loj ntawm Cov Khoom Me Me thiab Cov Khoom Siv Sib Txuas: Kev xaiv cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov khoom sib txuas kom zoo ua rau cov txheej sib txuas thiab ruaj khov.
- Kev Siv Tshuab Los Ntawm Kev Tsim Qauv Kev SimCov txheej txheem zoo li D-optimal design ua rau kev sim thiab qhov yuam kev yooj yim dua, sai sai txhim kho qhov sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb.
Cov ntsiab cai no tau koom ua ke rau hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev luam ntawv 3D xws li kev txo nqi, kev ua kom ruaj khov dua, thiab kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg.
Cov Txheej Txheem Kom Tsis Txhob Muaj Kev Txhaws Thiab Qhov Tsis Zoo Hauv Cov Txheej Luam Tawm
Kev ua tiav cov ntawv luam tawm tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua vaj tse 3D siab heev yuav tsum tau tswj hwm zoo:
- Txhim kho Rheology nrog Superplasticizers thiab VMAsCov tshuaj sib xyaw no kho qhov ntws kom raug rau qhov kev tawm siab uas xav tau, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev thaiv.
- Kev Saib Xyuas Lub Sijhawm Tiag Tiag ntawm Cov Kev Ntsuas ExtrusionKev saib xyuas lub siab, kev ntws, thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm lub nozzle tso cai rau kev hloov kho sai sai, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv lossis cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab.
- Tswj Kev Hloov Chaw Sib Sau Ua KeTiv thaiv cov khoom loj loj kom tsis txhob sib sau ua ke ze ntawm phab ntsa nozzle, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov porosity hauv zos nce siab thiab ua rau muaj kev tsis sib xws.
Kev siv cov khoom pov tseg xws li cov hmoov av tawg ua rau lub cub tawg thiab cov hmoov hlau yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov teebmeem thib ob - xws li kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog flexural lossis thixotropic teb - thaum tsom mus rau cov qauv pob zeb 3D luam tawm ruaj khov.
Ua ke, cov tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim kho vaj tse niaj hnub no, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem ntseeg tau thiab cov khoom tiav zoo.
Kawm Txog Ntau Cov Ntsuas Qhov Ceev
Ntau Cov Txheej Txheem Online
Cov Txheej Txheem Saib Xyuas Lub Sijhawm Tiag Tiag hauv Cov Txheej Txheem Luam Ntawv 3D Concrete
Kev soj ntsuam tiag tiag hauv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D siv cov cuab yeej siv siab heev uas tsim los rau cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cementitious.viscometersraug koom ua ke ncaj qha rau hauv cov khoom siv ntwsto acquirekev nyeem ntawv viscosity thiab density tas mus li, lub sijhawm tiag tiag.
Cov khoom siv hloov siabtxhawb nqa kev tswj cov txheej txheem ntxiv. Lawv hnov qhov kev hloov pauv siab hauv cov twj tso kua mis thiab cov nozzles, txhais cov no mus rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv no los txheeb xyuas qhov tsis sib xws ntsig txog kev sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom siv hnav, lossis kev thaiv - cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb.
Cov kev daws teeb meem inline densitometryntxiv kom muaj peev xwm taug qab qhov ceev ntawm cov cement thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Cov kab ke no tau koom ua ke ncaj qha rau hauv cov kab pub lossis cov extruders, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov loj thiab microstructure ntawm cov qauv pob zeb 3D luam tawm tseem nyob hauv qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Cov lus ceeb toom tsis siv neeg los ntawm cov kab ke no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov kho cov qauv tam sim ntawd lossis kev kho cov dej ntws, tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv rau hauv cov pob zeb.
Kev Sib Koom Ua Ke Cov Ntaub Ntawv thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv cov zis sensor rau cov txheej txheem nce qib hauv cov thev naus laus zis luam ntawv 3D cement. Cov ntaub ntawv ntws tiag tiag los ntawm hauv-kabviscosmeters, cov khoom siv hloov pauv siab, thiab cov densitometers tam sim no feem ntau txuas nrog cov kev luam ntawv digital, xws li qhov ceev ntawm extrusion, txoj kev taug kev, thiab qhov nrawm ntawm cov khoom noj. Qhov kev sib txuas no ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm hloov kho tau: lub maub los digital hloov kho cov kev hloov pauv ua haujlwm raws li qhov kev hloov pauv uas tau pom los ntawm sensor, kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem ruaj khov thiab cov khoom zoo.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo Los Ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ceev thiab Viscosity
Xyuas kom meej tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev luam ntawv thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv
Kev tswj qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ceev thiab viscosity yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws rheological thresholds ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev luam ntawv:
- Qhov porosityThaum viscosity qis dhau, cov khoom ntws nce ntxiv, ua rau cov txheej sib txuas tsis zoo thiab ua rau muaj qhov khoob sab hauv. Cov cheeb tsam porous ua rau muaj peev xwm thauj khoom thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv pob zeb 3D luam tawm.
- Kev hloov pauvQhov ceev tsis raug lossis kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom ua rau txheej sagging lossis slumping. Viscosity siab cuam tshuam extrusion; viscosity qis ua rau tsis zoo khaws cia cov duab, ua rau geometric tsis raug thiab warping.
- Qhov Tsis Zoo Ntawm Qhov ChawKev ua kua ntau dhau ua rau cov txheej txheej tsis sib npaug, thaum qhov tsis txaus viscosity ua rau cov qauv ntxhib thiab cov npoo tsis meej. Kev tswj hwm cov khoom rheological kom zoo yuav zam tau cov qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw, ua kom zoo nkauj thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm.
Cov kev txwv tseem ceeb sib txawv nrog cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom siv cement tshwj xeeb:
- Kev kam rau siab ceevFeem ntau yuav tsum tswj kom tsis pub dhau 2% ntawm cov nqi uas tau teem tseg kom tiv thaiv kev tso av thiab kev sib tshooj ntawm cov txheej txheem - qhov no tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tsim cov pob zeb ua tsis siv neeg.
- Qhov ntau ntawm viscosityCov nqi ntawm cov yas viscosity yuav tsum sib npaug extrudability thiab buildability. Rau feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv ua vaj tse 3D luam ntawv siab heev, dynamic yield stress ntawm 80–200 Pa thiab yas viscosity ntawm 30–70 Pa·s ua rau ob qho tib si extrusion raug thiab ceev ceev khaws cia. Thresholds hloov pauv raws li kev tsim sib tov, nozzle geometry, thiab luam ntawv ceev.
- Thixotropy: Lub peev xwm ntawm qhov sib tov kom rov qab tau qhov viscosity sai tom qab shearing txhawb nqa kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv thaum lub sijhawm thiab tom qab deposition.
Yog tias tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov qhov rai tseem ceeb no, yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov pauv, kev tsis sib txuas, thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub zog ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv rau hauv cov pob zeb. Kev saib xyuas qhov tseeb pab ua kom zoo dua cov kev siv cov khoom siv ntxiv rau hauv cov pob zeb los ntawm kev txo cov kev ua yuam kev thiab txhawb kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov qauv.
Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm 3D Printing
Kev Txuag Khoom Siv thiab Kev Txo Cov Khib Nyhiab
Cov thev naus laus zis luam ntawv 3D cement siab heev thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse vam meej rau qhov ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem. Kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm qhov ceev thiab viscosity cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev txuag cov khoom siv. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) sensors thiab kev kawm tshuab kwv yees thiab tswj cov khoom siv, tso cai tsuas yog cov nqi tsim nyog kom raug extruded nrog txhua qhov dhau. Qhov no txo cov pov tseg thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv los ntawm kev sib phim cov khoom xa tuaj rau qhov tseeb geometric thiab cov qauv xav tau ntawm txhua txheej.
Kev Xav Txog Ib puag ncig
Kev tswj cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws tsis yog tsuas yog txuag cov ntaub ntawv xwb - nws kuj tseem txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thoob plaws cov txheej txheem tsim kho vaj tse tsis siv neeg. Cov lus teb rov qab tiag tiag txo qhov carbon footprint los ntawm kev txo cov cement thiab lub zog uas xav tau rau cov qauv vaj tse luam tawm 3D. Kev tsim cement tseem yog qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws ntawm CO₂ hauv kev lag luam, pab txog li 8% ntawm cov pa phem thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm kev siv cov sensor-tsav thiab kev tswj hwm kwv yees kom txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau thiab zam kev luam tawm dua, cov haujlwm tuaj yeem txiav ob qho tib si ncaj qha thiab embedded emissions.
Kev Hloov Kho Rau Cov Xwm Txheej Hauv Zos Thiab Cov Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb
Kev Sib Xyaws thiab Txheej Txheem rau Qhov Chaw Tseeb
Kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D rau hauv zos thiab cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov project yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv, kev ua haujlwm ntev, thiab kev ruaj khov. Txhua qhov chaw muaj cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb xws li huab cua, kev pheej hmoo ntawm av qeeg, kev nrhiav khoom siv, thiab cov hom phiaj tsim qauv.
Kev Kho Kom Zoo Rau Huab Cua
Qhov kub thiab av noo nyob ib puag ncig cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ua kom cov cement noo thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej. Kev qhuav sai lossis kev kho tsis tiav ntawm cov chaw sib txuas ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke txias, ua rau lub zog tsis zoo. Cov qauv suav siab heev ua piv txwv txog kev ziab kinetics, kev ua kom noo, thiab kev raug ib puag ncig kom kwv yees cov teeb meem no. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov sib piv ntawm dej thiab cement thiab kev suav nrog kev hloov kho cov tshuaj admixture, cov pab pawg tuaj yeem txo cov pob qij txha txias thiab tswj kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej, txawm tias nyob rau hauv huab cua hnyav. Piv txwv li, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke raws li lignin uas tau los ntawm biomass muab kev txo dej thiab kev tswj hwm rheological raws li qhov kub thiab av noo sib txawv, ua rau kev luam ntawv sib xws thiab txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide.
Cua, lub voj voog khov-thaw, thiab txias sai kuj ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm sab nraum zoov. Cov nqi evaporation siab, uas ua kom nrawm los ntawm cua, tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej sib txuas tsis muaj zog thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw. Cov tswv yim suav nrog kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, kev tiv thaiv cov qauv los ntawm cua, thiab siv cov tshuaj admixtures los txhawb kev teeb tsa qeeb dua thiab txhim kho kev ruaj khov. Qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev sim khov-thaw kev ruaj khov uas qhia tias cov tshuaj admixtures thiab kev hloov kho kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv rau cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm ib puag ncig.
Kev Hloov Kho Rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Av Qeeg
Kev tiv thaiv av qeeg hauv cov qauv pob zeb ua los ntawm 3D luam tawm yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov fiber reinforcements. Cov hlau fibers uas koom nrog rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau ob npaug ntawm lub zog tensile thiab flexural, thaum kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm fiber ntau thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom sib phim cov reinforcement nrog cov kev ntxhov siab tseem ceeb. Kev luam ntawv 3D ntau qhov chaw ua rau muaj qhov nkhaus, qhov chaw fiber ntau ntxiv, ua rau muaj kev ua tsis tiav thiab kev tawv nqaij ntau heev - tsom mus rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas muaj av qeeg. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau muaj kev txhim kho zoo hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab kev tiv thaiv av qeeg tag nrho, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab uas cuam tshuam rau kev hem thawj ntawm av qeeg hauv ntiaj teb tiag.
Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau (FAQs)
1. Kev luam ntawv cement 3D yog dab tsi thiab nws txawv li cas ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse ib txwm muaj?
Kev luam ntawv cement 3D yog ib hom kev tsim cov pob zeb ua ke uas cov khoom siv tsis siv neeg, xws li caj npab robotic lossis cov kab ke gantry, tso cov pob zeb ua ke los ntawm txheej txheej los tsim cov qauv nyuaj. Tsis zoo li kev tsim cov pob zeb ib txwm muaj, uas vam khom kev ua haujlwm tes, cov qauv loj, thiab cov txheej txheem sib xyaw txheem, cov thev naus laus zis luam ntawv cement 3D ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej tsim qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm meej yam tsis tas yuav siv pwm lossis kev kaw ntau. Txoj hauv kev no tsim cov khib nyiab thiab kev ua haujlwm tsawg dua, tso cai rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pob zeb 3D siab heev, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv geometries nyuaj uas tsis ua tau nrog cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev ua qauv; cov txheej txheem luam tawm yuav ua rau pom anisotropy, xav tau cov txheej txheem sim tshiab rau lub zog thiab kev ruaj khov piv rau cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho ib txwm muaj.
2. Vim li cas qhov ceev thiab viscosity thiaj li tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D?
Kev tswj qhov ceev thiab viscosity yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom siv ua vaj tse kom zoo. Qhov ceev cuam tshuam rau qhov ruaj khov thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem luam tawm, ua kom txhua txheej tseem txhawb nqa tus kheej thiab tswj tau qhov geometry xav tau. Viscosity cuam tshuam rau qhov flowability thiab extrudability ntawm cov sib tov ua vaj tse, tswj hwm seb cov khoom siv tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheem meej thaum txhawb nqa cov ntawv luam tawm tom qab. Kev tswj hwm cov kev ntsuas no kom zoo tiv thaiv cov qhov tsis zoo xws li sagging, txheej sib cais, lossis kev sib txuas tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub zog, kev ruaj khov, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv tiav.
3. Yuav ua li cas thiaj saib xyuas qhov ceev thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov khoom siv cement?
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov khoom siv cement additive, feem ntau cov khoom siv inline sensors xws li densitometers yuav raug saib xyuas qhov ceev, uas xa cov lus teb tiag tiag rau qhov zoo ntawm kev sib tov. Cov sensors no, qee zaum koom ua ke nrog ntau lub sensor fusion digital twins, tso cai rau kev hloov kho tas mus li kom tswj tau qhov ceev, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tsim kho vaj tse tsis siv neeg. Rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem tob dua, cov sensors acoustic, thermal, thiab visual yuav ntxiv cov densitometers, ua rau pom qhov tsis zoo thiab kho tau tam sim ntawd. Cov vanes shear pocket thiab cov khoom siv zoo sib xws kuj muab cov kev ntsuas ntau zaus, pheej yig, yog li cov pab pawg luam ntawv tuaj yeem taug qab cov kev hloov pauv rheological thiab qhov ceev dhau sijhawm.
4. Cov hau kev twg siv los tswj cov viscosity hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse?
Kev tswj qhov viscosity hauv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse yog tsom mus rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua tib zoo. Kev kho cov feem ntawm cov dej, cov khoom sib txuas, cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke yuav kho cov khoom sib xyaw kom haum rau qhov ntws thiab kev tsim kho. Kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw zoo lossis cov fibers pab khaws cov duab tom qab extrusion yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv twj. Viscosity raug saib xyuas tiag tiag siv rheometers, inline sensors, lossis AI-based video analysis.
5. Puas siv tau 3D cement luam ntawv rau ntau yam huab cua thiab tej yam kev mob sib txawv?
Cov thev naus laus zis luam ntawv 3D cement muaj ntau yam siv tau thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho rau ntau yam xwm txheej ib puag ncig. Cov khoom sib xyaw tau hloov kho los ntawm kev xaiv lwm cov khoom sib txuas xws li geopolymers, limestone calcined clay cement, lossis calcium sulfoaluminate, uas tswj kev ua haujlwm thiab txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide hauv ntau yam huab cua. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua los ntawm av nplaum thiab biobased sai sai ua rau kho tau sai rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj av noo siab lossis kub hloov pauv. Kev siv cov khoom pov tseg xws li silica fume lossis xuab zeb rov ua dua tshiab ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov thiab kev ywj pheej, pab cov qauv ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv qab kev pheej hmoo ntawm av qeeg hauv cheeb tsam lossis huab cua hnyav. Cov tswv yim no txhawb nqa cov ntawv thov tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv hauv cov xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb, los ntawm cov suab puam qhuav mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj cua daj cua dub.
