Tsarin Mannheim don Samar da Potassium Sulfate (K2SO4)

Tsarin Mannheim don Potassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄) Samarwa

Babban Hanyoyin Samar da Potassium Sulfate

Tsarin Mannheim is tsarin masana'antu don samar da K2SO4,wani abu da ke faruwa tsakanin kashi 98% na sinadarin sulfuric acid da potassium chloride a yanayin zafi mai yawa tare da sinadarin hydrochloric acid. Matakan da aka bi sun haɗa da haɗa sinadarin potassium chloride da sinadarin sulfuric acid da kuma mayar da martani a yanayin zafi mai yawa don samar da sinadarin potassium sulfate da kuma sinadarin hydrochloric acid.

Ginawar kristalsrabuwayana samar da potassium sulfate ta hanyar gasa harsashin iri na alkali kamar tung da tokar shuka, sannan a biyo bayatacewa, tacewa, tattarawa, rabuwar centrifugal da bushewa don samun potassium sulfate.

Martani naPotassium ChloridekumaSinadarin Sulfuric a takamaiman yanayin zafi a cikin takamaiman rabo wata hanya ce ta samun potassium sulfate.Matakan da aka bi sun haɗa da narkar da potassium chloride a cikin ruwan dumi, ƙara sulfuric acid don amsawar, sannan a yi lu'ulu'u a zafin 100-140°C, sannan a raba, a rage zafi, sannan a busar da shi don samar da potassium sulfate.

Amfanin Mannheim Potassium Sulfate

Tsarin Mennheim shine babban hanyar samar da sinadarin potassium sulfate a ƙasashen waje. Hanyar da aka dogara da ita kuma mai inganci tana samar da sinadarin potassium sulfate mai ƙarfi tare da ingantaccen narkewar ruwa. Maganin acid mai rauni ya dace da ƙasan alkaline.

Ka'idojin Samarwa

Tsarin Amsawa:

1. Ana auna sinadarin sulfuric acid da potassium chloride daidai gwargwado kuma ana ciyar da su daidai gwargwado a cikin ɗakin amsawa na tanderun Mannheim, inda suke amsawa don samar da potassium sulfate da hydrogen chloride.

2. Amsar tana faruwa a matakai biyu:

i. Mataki na farko shine exothermic kuma yana faruwa ne a ƙaramin zafin jiki.

ii. Mataki na biyu ya ƙunshi canza sinadarin potassium bisulfate zuwa potassium sulfate, wanda yake da ƙarfi sosai a cikin endothermic.

Kula da Zafin Jiki:

1. Dole ne martanin ya faru a yanayin zafi sama da 268°C, tare da mafi kyawun kewayon shine 500-600°C don tabbatar da inganci ba tare da yawan rugujewar sinadarin sulfuric acid ba.

2. A cikin ainihin samarwa, yawanci ana sarrafa zafin amsawar tsakanin 510-530°C don kwanciyar hankali da inganci.

Amfani da Zafi:

1. Wannan amsawar tana da matuƙar zafi, tana buƙatar isasshen zafi daga ƙonewar iskar gas.

2. Kusan kashi 44% na zafin tanderun yana ɓacewa ta bango, kashi 40% na iskar gas ce ke ɗauke da shi, kuma kashi 16% ne kawai ake amfani da su don ainihin amsawar.

Muhimman Abubuwa na Tsarin Mannheim

Tanderudiamita shine babban abin da ke ƙayyade ƙarfin samarwa. Manyan tanderun duniya suna da diamita na mita 6.A lokaci guda, ingantaccen tsarin tuki shine garantin ci gaba da dorewar amsawa.Dole ne kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga su jure yanayin zafi mai yawa, acid mai ƙarfi, kuma su samar da kyakkyawan canja wurin zafi. Dole ne kayan da ake amfani da su wajen motsa jiki su kasance masu juriya ga zafi, tsatsa, da lalacewa.

Ingancin Iskar Hydrogen Chloride:

1. Kula da ɗan ƙaramin injin iska a cikin ɗakin amsawa yana tabbatar da cewa iskar gas da iskar gas ba sa narke hydrogen chloride.

2. Hatimin da aka yi da kuma aiki mai kyau zai iya cimma yawan HCl na kashi 50% ko sama da haka.

Bayanan Kayan Danye:

1.Potassium Chloride:Dole ne ya cika takamaiman buƙatun danshi, girman barbashi, da kuma sinadarin potassium oxide don ingantaccen aikin amsawa.

2.Sinadarin Sulfuric:Yana buƙatar maida hankali na 99% don tsarki da kuma amsawar da ta dace.

Kula da Zafin Jiki:

1.Ɗakin Amsawa (510-530°C):Yana tabbatar da cikakken martani.

2.Ɗakin Konewa:Yana daidaita shigar iskar gas don ingantaccen ƙonewa.

3.Zafin Gas na Wutsiya:An tsara shi don hana toshewar shaye-shaye da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen shan iskar gas.

Tsarin Aiki

• Martani:Ana ci gaba da ciyar da sinadarin potassium chloride da sulfuric acid a cikin ɗakin amsawa. Ana fitar da sinadarin potassium sulfate da aka samu, a sanyaya, a tace, sannan a haɗa shi da sinadarin calcium oxide kafin a saka shi a cikin marufi.
• Gudanar da Kayan da Aka Cire:
  • Iskar hydrogen chloride mai yawan zafin jiki ana sanyaya ta kuma tsarkake ta ta hanyar jerin goge-goge da hasumiyoyin sha don samar da sinadarin hydrochloric acid na masana'antu (31-37% HCl).
  • Ana kula da fitar da hayakin da ke fitar da hayakin wutsiya don ya dace da ƙa'idodin muhalli.

Kalubale da Ingantawa

1. Asarar Zafi:Ana rasa zafi mai yawa ta hanyar iskar gas da bangon tanderu, wanda hakan ke nuna buƙatar inganta tsarin dawo da zafi.
2. Lalata Kayan Aiki:Tsarin yana aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai yawa da yanayin acidic, wanda ke haifar da ƙalubalen lalacewa da kulawa.
3. Amfani da sinadarin Hydrochloric Acid:Kasuwar hydrochloric acid za ta iya cika, wanda hakan ke buƙatar bincike kan wasu hanyoyin da za a bi don rage yawan amfani da sinadaran da ke cikinta.

Tsarin samar da sinadarin potassium sulfate na Mannheim ya ƙunshi nau'ikan iskar gas guda biyu: hayakin konewa daga iskar gas ta halitta da kuma iskar hydrogen chloride da aka samar daga gare ta.

Shaye-shayen Konewa:

Zafin hayakin konewa gabaɗaya yana kusa da 450°C. Ana canja wannan zafi ta hanyar na'urar dawo da wuta kafin a fitar da shi. Duk da haka, ko da bayan musayar zafi, zafin hayakin da ke fitarwa yana nan a kusan 160°C, kuma wannan zafin da ya rage yana fitowa cikin sararin samaniya.

Iskar Hydrogen Chloride:

Iskar hydrogen chloride tana gogewa a cikin hasumiyar wanke-wanke ta sulfuric acid, tana sha a cikin abin sha mai faɗuwa, sannan tana tsarkakewa a cikin hasumiyar tsarkake iskar gas kafin a fitar da ita. Wannan tsari yana samar da kashi 31% na hydrochloric acid., wanda a cikinsa mafi girmamaida hankali zai iya haifar da fitar da hayakiba har zuwamizanin da ke haifar da "jawo wutsiya" a cikin hayakin.Saboda haka, ainihin lokacinsinadarin hydrochloric auna yawan taro yana da mahimmanci a cikin samarwa.

Za a iya ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa don samun sakamako mafi kyau:

Rage yawan sinadarin acid: Rage yawan sinadarin acid yayin shansatare daMita yawan layi a ciki don sa ido daidai.

Ƙara Yawan Ruwan da ke Zagayawa: Ƙara yawan ruwan da ke zagayawa a cikin abin sha mai faɗuwa don inganta yadda ake sha.

Rage Nauyi a Hasumiyar Tsarkakewar Iskar Gas ta Shaye-shaye: Inganta ayyukan don rage nauyin da ke kan tsarin tsarkakewa.

Ta hanyar waɗannan gyare-gyare da kuma aiki yadda ya kamata a kan lokaci, za a iya kawar da matsalar ja da wutsiya, ta yadda hayaki zai cika ƙa'idodin da ake buƙata.